Keyword: proton
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MOA01 Recent Experimental Results of the Accelerator Driven System with a Sub-Critical Nuclear Reactor (ADS) Program FFAG, experiment, neutron, target 1
 
  • Y. Ishi, Y. Fuwa, Y. Kuriyama, Y. Mori, H. Okita, K. Suga, T. Uesugi
    Kyoto University, Research Reactor Institute, Osaka, Japan
  • Y. Fuwa
    JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan
 
  A series of study on the accelerator driven system (ADS) has been carried out since 2009 at KURNS*. In these studies, Kyoto University Critical Assembly (KUCA) has been used as sub-critical system connected with the proton beam line from FFAG accelerator facility. A profile of accelerator facility and experimental results, including the first evidence of the transmutation of minor actinides at ADS, will be presented.
* stands for Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University.
 
slides icon Slides MOA01 [18.120 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOA01  
About • paper received ※ 15 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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MOP002 Recent Progress on Ion Source of SC200 Cyclotron ion-source, cyclotron, extraction, experiment 24
 
  • Y. Zhao, G. Chen
    ASIPP, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
  • L. Calabretta
    INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
  • O. Karamyshev
    JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
  • G.A. Karamysheva, G. Shirkov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • S.W. Xu
    USTC, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
 
  Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No. 11775258 & 11575237 and International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Project of Anhui (grant No. 1704e1002207).
A 200MeV compact superconducting cyclotron, named SC200, for proton therapy is under development by collaboration of ASIPP (Hefei, China) and JINR (Dubna, Russia). The ion source is a significant subsystem of the cyclotron. A hot cathode internal ion source has been designed and tested for SC200 cyclotron. The ion source has been successfully arc discharged on the test bench. The extracted beam current has been measured over 100 uA and filament lifetime of ion source exceeded 100 h, which indicated that the ion source meets the design requirements. The stability of the filament under strong magnetic field has also been tested and the differences between the two kinds of filament are compared.
 
poster icon Poster MOP002 [0.519 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP002  
About • paper received ※ 09 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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MOP003 Optimal Design and Fluid-Solid Coupling Thermal Analysis of SC200 Superconducting Proton Cyclotron Electrostatic Deflector septum, simulation, cyclotron, extraction 27
 
  • Y. Xu, Y. Chen, K.Z. Ding, X.Y. Huang, J. Li, K. Pei, Y. Song
    ASIPP, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
  • K. Gu
    HFCIM, HeFei, People’s Republic of China
 
  Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No. 11775258 & 11575237 and International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Project of Anhui (grant No. 1704e1002207).
In recent years, the study of proton therapy equipment has received increasing attention in China. Hefei CAS Ion Medical and Technical Devices Co., Ltd. (HFCIM) is developing a proton medical device based on the super-conducting proton cyclotron. The electrostatic deflector (ESD) is the key extraction component of the SC200 superconducting cyclotron, which uses a high-intensity electric field to bend the beam from the track. The fierce interaction between the proton beam and the deflector septum, causes a great loss of beam and unwanted excess heat accumulation and radiation. In order to minimize the risk of damage caused by the proton beam loss, the fluid solid-thermal coupling analysis of the deflector was per-formed by applying computational fluid dynamics (CFD) on ANSYS. The maximum temperatures of the septum in various cases of the cooling water speed, the septum thickness and material have been investigated respective-ly. The result based on analysis provide a valuable refer-ence for the further optimization on the material selection and structural design for ESD.
 
poster icon Poster MOP003 [0.735 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP003  
About • paper received ※ 15 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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MOP004 Beam Dynamics Simulation of the Extraction for a Superconducting Cyclotron SC240 extraction, cyclotron, simulation, emittance 31
 
  • Z. Wu, K.Z. Ding, J. Li, Y. Song
    ASIPP, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
  • Z. Wang
    HFCIM, HeFei, People’s Republic of China
 
  In order to diversify the company’s cyclotron, a design study has been carried out on a 240 MeV superconducting cyclotron SC240 for proton therapy, which is based on our experience in design of SC200. In order to increase turn separation and extraction efficiency, resonant precessional extraction method is employed in the extraction system. A first harmonic field consistent with the Gaussian distribution is added to introduce beam precessional motion. Its effects on phase space evolution and turn separation increase is studied by a high efficiency beam dynamics simulation code. According to the study, its amplitude and phase have been optimized to meet the requirements of extraction beam dynamics. Based on beam dynamics simulation, the parameters of extraction system elements (two electrostatic deflectors and six magnetic channels) are chosen. Besides, the effects of sectors spiral direction on beam extraction are studied. Extraction efficiencies and beam parameters have been calculated.  
poster icon Poster MOP004 [1.696 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP004  
About • paper received ※ 14 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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MOP006 The Design and Simulation on the Extraction System for CYCIAE-50 cyclotron, extraction, simulation, radiation 35
 
  • S. An, F.P. Guan, P. Huang, L.Y. Ji, M. Li, Y.L. Lv, S.M. Wei, L.P. Wen, H.D. Xie, J.S. Xing, T.J. Zhang, X. Zheng
    CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
 
  A 50 MeV H compact cyclotron (CYCIAE-50) as a proton irradiation facility is under construction at China Institute of Atomic Energy. The proton beam with the energy of 30 MeV to 50 MeV and the current of 10 uA will be extracted by a single stripping extraction system. In order to reduce the beam loss, the combination magnet is fixed inside the magnetism yoke. The positions of stripping points for the different extraction energy are calculated and the extracted beam trajectories after stripping foil are simulated in detail in this paper. The extracted beam distribution after stripping foil and the extracted beam characters will be studied in this paper. The beam parameters after extraction will be given by the extracting orbit simulation. The design on the whole stripping extraction system has been finished and will be presented in this paper.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP006  
About • paper received ※ 15 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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MOP008 Mechanical Design of Beam Lines for a 230 MeV SC Cyclotron at CIAE dipole, quadrupole, vacuum, cyclotron 42
 
  • M. Yin, S. An, F.P. Guan, Y.L. Lv, G.F. Pan, F. Wang, F. Wang, S.M. Wei, L.P. Wen, T.J. Zhang, F.Zhu. Zhu
    CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
 
  Funding: This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 11475269 and 11375274.
To develop the proton beam transfer system which used in the field of proton therapy, the mechanical design of proton beam lines based on the CYCIAE-230 has been finished at the China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE). The proton beam transfer system includes the beam lines, beam dump, gantry, nozzle, couch, image guidance system, etc. Two beam lines are designed at CIAE this moment. One is for the nozzle system, the other is for the beam dump. The beam lines include four systems: the energy selection system, the beam transportation systems, gantry system, beam dump. The beam lines are very compact in order to match the beam optics and the space limitation. The gantry can be rotated ±180°. There are several key components in beam lines, such as magnets, degrader, beam diagnostics component, vacuum component, etc. The designed mechanical tolerance of the magnets is limited less than 0.1 mm. There are at least four targets on each magnets for collimation and all the components can be adjusted in three dimensions. The magnets are being manufactured now. The mechanical design of proton beam lines based on the CYCIAE-230 will be presented in this paper.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP008  
About • paper received ※ 15 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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MOP010 A 50 MeV Proton Beam Line Design cyclotron, target, quadrupole, radiation 45
 
  • S.M. Wei, S. An, L.L. Guan, Y.L. Lv
    CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
 
  The cyclotron Center at the China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) is now developing a medium-energy proton irradiation device that provides a proton beam with an energy range of 30 MeV to 50 MeV to simulate a space proton radiation environment, which has a significant impact on spacecraft. A beam transport line is designed for irradiation effect study based on the 50 MeV compact cyclotron, which requires continuous adjustment of the beam energy and the beam spot on the target requires high uniformity. The proton beam extracted from the cyclotron is adjusted to the energy required by using the degrader, then the proton beam is bended and focused. In order to obtain uniform large-diameter beam spot on the target, a wobbling magnet is installed on the beam line to uniformly sweep the proton beam on the target and finally obtain the proton beam with energy of 30 MeV - 50 MeV, current of 10 uA and beam spot of 20 cm * 20 cm on the target.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP010  
About • paper received ※ 15 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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MOP011 Magnetic Field Measurement and Shimming for a Medical Compact Cyclotron cyclotron, MMI, controls, monitoring 48
 
  • L.L. Guan, S. An, T. Cui, P. Huang, X.L. Jia, M. Li, F. Wang, T.J. Zhang
    CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
 
  A compact cyclotron is developed by Cyclotron Accelerator Research Center at China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) to extract 14 MeV proton beam for medical radioisotopes production, so as to meet the market demands of early diagnosis of malignant tumors, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Owing to the small size and limited space of small medical cyclotrons, critical requirements are imposed on magnetic field measurement. For this reason, a magnetic field measurement system, with high-precision and high-stability, suitable for small cyclotrons is adopted and then an efficient magnetic field shimming method is used, which greatly reduces the construction period. It provides a strong guarantee for the stable operation of medical small cyclotrons.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP011  
About • paper received ※ 15 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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MOP023 Synchronization and High Speed High Voltage Switcher for Pulse Bunching System of the Cyclotron U-120M cyclotron, neutron, PLC, bunching 83
 
  • P. Krist, D. Poklop, J. Stursa
    NPI, Řež near Prague, Czech Republic
  • V. Cervenka
    HiLASE Centre, Institute of Physics ASCR, v.v.i., Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic
  • J. Vozáb
    Radan s.r.o., Barchov, Czech Republic
 
  Pulse bunching system for neutron time of flight (ToF) measurements on the cyclotron U-120M exploits a unique pulsed vertical deflection of the selected final orbits of the internal accelerated beam of the H ions to an extractor-stripper. This system is described in details on an individual poster of this conference. A key device is the pulse HV power supply (HV switcher) which is supplying the deflector and elevates H ions in defined time structure to an extractor-stripper. The developed HV switcher is based on the SiC MOSFET transistors. It can provide HV pulses with the following pulse parameters: amplitude up to 13 kV, front edge less than 20 ns, flat top 20 ns, back edge less than 20 ns and repetition frequency up to several hundred of kHz. We have also developed the pulse synchronization with the cyclotron RF (25 MHz), which enables to set up front edge of bunching pulses within 2pi with accuracy 80 ps. Human-machine interface is based on SCADA software Reliance and PLC Tecomat Foxtrot. The time waveforms of the real pulses are part of the presentation.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP023  
About • paper received ※ 15 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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MOP035 Extraction Beam Orbit of a 250 MeV Superconducting Cyclotron extraction, cyclotron, MMI, resonance 113
 
  • H.J. Zhang, K. Fan, Y. Yan
    Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology,, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
  • Y.-N. Rao
    TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
  • L.G. Zhang
    HUST, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
 
  Funding: The work is supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (11775087).
A superconducting cyclotron based on proton therapy facility is being developed at Huazhong university of science and technology (HUST). Due to the compact size of the main magnet, the beam orbits at the extraction region are distributed densely, which creates difficulties for beam extraction leading to severe beam loss. In order to deal with these challenges, the orbit precession method has been employed in the extraction system design. In this paper, we introduce a method of employing a first harmonic field near the nur=1 resonance where the beam energy is about 248 MeV to adjust the amplitude of beam orbit oscillation. The optimum amplitude and phase of the first harmonic field are designed to obtain a large turn separation in the extraction region. Three different ways of generating the first harmonic field are compared for optimization.
 
poster icon Poster MOP035 [0.777 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP035  
About • paper received ※ 15 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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TUA02 Novel Irradiation Methods for Theranostic Radioisotope Production With Solid Targets at the Bern Medical Cyclotron target, cyclotron, detector, radiation 127
 
  • S. Braccini
    LHEP, Bern, Switzerland
  • C. Belver-Aguilar, T.S. Carzaniga, G. Dellepiane, P. Haeffner, P. Scampoli
    AEC, Bern, Switzerland
  • P. Scampoli
    Naples University Federico II, Napoli, Italy
 
  The production of medical radioisotopes for theranostics is essential for the development of personalized nuclear medicine. Among them, radiometals can be used to label proteins and peptides and their supply in quantity and quality for clinical applications represents a challenge. A research program is ongoing at the Bern medical cyclotron, where a solid target station with a pneumatic delivery system is in operation. To bombard isotope-enriched materials in form of compressed powders, a specific target coin was realized. To assess the activity at EoB, a system based on a CZT detector was developed. For an optimized production yield with the required radio nuclide purity, precise knowledge of the cross-sections and of the beam energy is crucial. Specific methods were developed to assess these quantities. To further enhance the capabilities of solid target stations at medical cyclotrons, a novel irradiation system based on an ultra-compact ~50 cm long beam line and a two-dimensional beam monitoring detector is under development to bombard targets down to few mg and few mm diameter. The first results on the production of Ga-68, Cu-64, Sc-43, Sc-44 and Sc-47 are presented.  
slides icon Slides TUA02 [37.771 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUA02  
About • paper received ※ 13 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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TUA03 The Use of PSI’s IP2 Beam Line Towards Exotic Radionuclide Development and its Application Towards Proof-Of-Principle Preclinical and Clinical Studies target, cyclotron, radiation, positron 132
 
  • N.P. van der Meulen, R. Eichler, P.V. Grundler, R. Hasler, W. Hirzel, S. Joray, D.C. Kiselev, R. Sobbia, A. Sommerhalder, Z. Talip, H. Zhang
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
  • S. Braccini
    AEC, Bern, Switzerland
 
  Paul Scherrer Institute runs a High Intensity Proton Accelerator (HIPA) facility, where a maximum of 100 µA protons is gleaned from high intensity 72 MeV protons from Injector 2, a separated sector cyclotron, into the IP2 target station. These protons irradiate various targets towards the production of exotic radionuclides intended for medical purposes. Many radiometals in use today are for the diagnosis of disease, with the most popular means of detection being Positron Emission Tomography. These positron emitters are easily produced at low proton energies using medical cyclotrons, however, development at these facilities are lacking. The 72 MeV proton beam is degraded at IP2 using niobium to provide the desired energy to irradiate targets to produce the likes of 44Sc, 43Sc, 64Cu and 165Er*,**,***. Once developed, these proofs-of-principle are then put into practice at partner facilities. Target holders and degraders require development to optimize irradiation conditions and target cooling. Various options are explored, with pros and cons taken into consideration based on calculations and simulations.
* v/d Meulen et al., Nucl Med. Biol. (2015) 42: 745
** Domnanich et al., EJNMMI Radiopharm. Chemistry (2017) 2: 14
*** v/d Meulen et al., J Label Compd Radiopharm (2019) doi: 10.1002/jlcr.3730
 
slides icon Slides TUA03 [7.449 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUA03  
About • paper received ※ 13 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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TUA04 Characterization of Neutron Leakage Field Coming from 18O(p, n)18F Reaction in PET Production Cyclotron neutron, detector, experiment, cyclotron 136
 
  • M. Schulc, M. Antos, F. Brijar, M. Cuhra, T. Czakoj, M. Košťál, E. Losa, V. Rypar, J. Simon, S. Vadjak
    Nuclear Research Institute Řež plc, Řež, Czech Republic
  • F. Cvachovec
    University of Defence, Brno, Czech Republic
  • Z. Matej, F. Mravec
    Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
 
  This paper shows a new method for characterization of the secondary neutron field quantities, specifically neutron spectrum leaking from 18O enriched H2O XL cylindrical target in IBA Cyclone 18/9 in the energy range of 1-15 MeV. Spectrum is measured by stilbene scintillation detector in different places. The neutron spectra are evaluated from the measured proton recoil spectra using deconvolution through maximum likelihood estimation. A leakage neutron field is an interesting option for irradiation experiments due to quite high flux, but also to the validation of high energy threshold reactions due to relatively high average energy. Measured neutron spectra are compared with calculations in MCNP6 model using TENDL-2017, FENDL-3, and default MCNP6 model calculations. TENDL-2017 and FENDL-3 libraries results differ significantly in the shape of the neutron spectrum for energies above 10 MeV while MCNP6 gives incorrect angular distributions. Activation measurements of different neutron induced reactions support characterization. The 18F production yield is in a good agreement with TENDL-2017 proton library calculation within respective uncertainties.  
slides icon Slides TUA04 [2.286 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUA04  
About • paper received ※ 05 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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TUB02 JINR PROJECTS of CYCLOTRON FOR PROTON THERAPY cyclotron, cavity, extraction, simulation 140
 
  • O. Karamyshev, K. Bunyatov, S. Gurskiy, G.A. Karamysheva, D.P. Popov, G. Shirkov, S.G. Shirkov, V.L. Smirnov, S.B. Vorozhtsov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • V. Malinin
    JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
 
  Physical design of the compact superconducting cyclotron SC230 (91.5MHz) has been performed. The cyclotron can deliver up to 230 MeV beam for proton therapy and medico-biological research. As the cyclotron will have a relatively small magnet field, it is possible to use both superconducting and resistive coil. Besides a superconducting cyclotron we simulate design of the cyclotron with a conventional copper water-cooled coil. Such a solution allows us to achieve a lower price compared to superconducting options, but it becomes a bit heavier.  
slides icon Slides TUB02 [8.397 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUB02  
About • paper received ※ 15 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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TUB03 MRI-Guided-PT: Integrating an MRI in a Proton Therapy System HOM, GUI, FEM, simulation 144
 
  • E. van der Kraaij, J. Smeets
    IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
  • L. Bertora, A. Carrozzi, A. Serra
    ASG, Genova, Italy
  • S. Gantz, A. Hoffmann, L. Karsch, A. Lühr, J. Pawelke, S. Schellhammer
    OncoRay, Dresden, Germany
  • B. Oborn
    CMRP, Wollongong, Australia
 
  Integration of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in proton therapy (PT) has the potential to improve tumor-targeting precision. However, it is technically challenging to integrate an MRI scanner at the beam isocenter of a PT system due to space constraints and electromagnetic interactions between the two systems. We assessed the technical risks and challenges, and present a concept for the mechanical integration of a 0.5T MRI scanner (ASG MR-Open) into a PT gantry (IBA ProteusONE). Finite element simulations assess the perturbation of the gantry’s elements on the homogeneity of the scanner’s static magnetic field. MC simulations estimate the effect of the scanner’s magnetic field on the proton dose deposition. To test the technical feasibility, a first experimental setup was realized at the PT center in Dresden, combining a 0.22T open MRI scanner with a static proton beam line. Results show that the image quality is not degraded by proton beam irradiation if the acquisition is synchronized with beam line operation. The beam energy dependent proton beam deflection due to the scanner’s magnetic field is significant and needs to be corrected for in treatment planning and dose delivery.  
slides icon Slides TUB03 [1.866 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUB03  
About • paper received ※ 14 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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TUB04 On-Line Dynamic Beam Intensity Control in a Proton Therapy Cyclotron controls, cyclotron, power-supply, operation 148
 
  • S. Psoroulas, P. Fernandez Carmona, D. Meer, D.C. Weber
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
  • D.C. Weber
    KRO, Bern, Switzerland
  • D.C. Weber
    University of Zurich, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
 
  Modern proton therapy facilities use the pencil beam scanning (PBS) technique for the treatment of tumours: the beam is scanned through the tumour volume sequentially, i.e. stopping the beam at each position in the tumour for the amount of time necessary to deliver the prescribed dose for that position, and then moving to the next position (dose-driven delivery). This technique is robust against fluctuations in the beam current. Modern cyclotrons however offer very stable beam currents, and allow regulating the beam intensity online to match the requested beam intensity profile as a function of time (’time-driven’ delivery). To realise time-driven delivery at the COMET cyclotron at PSI*, we have designed a beam intensity controller** which is able to partially compensate for the non-linearity and the delay introduced by the physical limitations of the beam line elements and its drivers; this is particularly important when trying to achieve a very fast modulation of the beam, as required by the clinical plans. Experimental results have shown good performance for most current clinical scenarios, though we are investigating more advanced solutions for higher dose rates scenarios.
(*) Klimpki, G., et al. (2018). PMB, 63(14), 145006
(**) Fernandez Carmona, P., et al., (2018) Proceedings of PCaPAC2018, FRCC2
 
slides icon Slides TUB04 [10.992 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUB04  
About • paper received ※ 14 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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TUP005 Three Years Operation of CYCIAE-100 experiment, neutron, target, radiation 156
 
  • T. Ge, L.C. Cao, Z.H. Fu, S.G. Hou, B. Ji, H. Jiang, S.Q. Li, Y.Q. Li, Z.W. Liu, Y.L. Lv, G.F. Pan, L. Wang, L.P. Wen, Z.G. Yin, T.J. Zhang
    CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
 
  The 100 MeV high intensity proton cyclotron (CYCIAE-100) developed by China Institute of Atomic Energy is a multi-purpose variable energy AVF cyclotron. Its design specifications are: energy from 75 to 100 MeV continuously adjustable, beam intensity 200uA, beam current can be extracted in both directions. CYCIAE-100 was commissioned to extract 100 MeV proton beam for the first time in July 2014. The first physics experiment was carried out in November 2016. By June 2019, the design specifications of CYCIAE-100 was commissioned and the maximum beam power was 52 kW. The beam intensity range from 1 pA to 520 µA is achieved, and the beam stability is about 1% for 8 hours. Several typical physics experiments have been carried out. Such as: The physics experiment of CYCIAE-100 driving ISOL device to generate radioactive nuclear beam, SiC and SRAM proton irradiation experiments, calibration experiment of high-energy proton electron total dose detector probe, etc. At present, the beam time for CYCIAE-100 is about 5,000 hours, providing effective beam time for more than 3,000 hours for many users at home and abroad, and the other beam time for beam development.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP005  
About • paper received ※ 15 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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TUP008 The Cyclotron TR-FLEX at the Center for Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf target, cyclotron, extraction, operation 166
 
  • M. Kreller, T. Knieß
    HZDR, Dresden, Germany
  • S. Preusche
    Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
 
  The new Center for Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research was established at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e. V. to centralize the main units: a high current proton cyclotron, a radiopharmaceutical production – GMP unit including quality control, laboratories for PET-radiochemistry, chemical and biochemical laboratories and laboratories for small animal imaging. The cyclotron TR-Flex was put into operation in 2017 and it is equipped with two extraction ports. Both are movable to adjust the proton energy in the range from 15 MeV up to 30 MeV. One extraction port is coupled with a combination magnet and two beam lines. A [123I]I-gas target station is installed at the first beam line and a four-port target selector at beamline two and at the second extraction port. Two [18F]F-water targets, a [18F]F2-gas target, a [11C]CH4-gas target, a [11C]CO2-gas target, a 30° and a 90° solid state target are mounted on the target selectors. In our contribution we report our experience of the new cyclotron during the first two operation years. Typical beam parameters and the reliability of the TR-FLEX are presented. Furthermore we describe the new home-built Radionuclide Distribution System.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP008  
About • paper received ※ 18 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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TUP012 Upgrade of the iThemba LABS Neutron Beam Vault to a Metrology Facility neutron, target, experiment, radiation 181
 
  • N.B. Ndlovu, P.P. Maleka, F.D. Smit
    iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa
  • A. Boso
    NPL, Middlesex, United Kingdom
  • A. Buffler, D. Geduld, T. Hutton, T. Leadbeater
    UCT Physics, Cape Town, South Africa
  • V. Lacoste
    IRSN, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France
 
  Quasi-monoenergetic neutron beams are typically produced at the iThemba LABS fast neutron beam facility by the 7Li(p, xn) or 9Be(p, xn) reactions. With the proton beams available from the separated sector cyclotron, the neutron energy range from about 30 MeV to 200 MeV can be covered almost continuously. The facility first became operational in the late 1980s. The fast neutron beam facility at iThemba LABS has been designated by the National Metrology Institute of South Africa (NMISA) as an entity responsible for providing traceability for the medium and high-energy neutron measurements in South Africa. As a result, the facility is undergoing a major upgrade and development in order for it to meet the requirements for a medium and high-energy neutron metrology facility. As part of the ongoing upgrade, Monte Carlo (MC) simulations aimed at benchmarking the experimental data are ongoing.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP012  
About • paper received ※ 14 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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TUP014 Deflecting System Upgrade Initial Simulations for 37 MeV Cyclotron at NPI Řež extraction, cyclotron, septum, simulation 185
 
  • T. Matlocha
    NPI, Řež near Prague, Czech Republic
 
  NPI Řež U-120M multi-particle variable energy cyclotron system for positive ions extraction consists of three electrostatic deflectors, one active magnetic channel and an electromagnetic bump exciter. The deflectors transmission ratio for deuterons, alpha particles and Helium 3 ions is rather low, usually about 10%, for protons it is far below 5%. Based on an experience from other cyclotron laboratories, the general concept of the extraction system has been modified and the last two electrostatic deflectors were replaced with two magnetic channels. In the early stage of the upgrade, simulations were performed for protons at 28 MeV and Helium 3 ions at 44 MeV with and without the magnetic bump exciter. The extraction efficiency and beam losses along the extraction path are evaluated. The presented modified extraction system simulations suggest promising results. The total transmission ratio of the deflecting system has increased significantly, allowing work to continue and expect a positive final result.  
poster icon Poster TUP014 [1.241 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP014  
About • paper received ※ 15 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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TUP016 New Centering Beam Monitor for High Power Proton Beam Rotating Target target, experiment, operation, cyclotron 189
 
  • P.-A. Duperrex, P. Baumann, S. Joray, D.C. Kiselev, D. Laube, D. Reggiani
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
 
  The high intensity proton accelerator (HIPA) at the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI) delivers 590 MeV c.w. proton beam with currents of up to 2.4 mA, i.e. 1.4 MW beam power, For experiments of nuclear and material research the beam is directed to the 4 or 6 cm graphite 1 Hz rotating target (Target E). Centring the beam on the target is an important task for the operation and has safety issues in case of beam misalignment. Transmission monitoring has been the standard method to optimize the beam position on the target, though not very sensitive. A new method is currently being tested that provides a more sensitive off-axis detection. It is based on the detection of beam inten-sity modulation from the milled grooves at the target edge. This paper presents the concept and preliminary experimental results that can be obtained with this method.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP016  
About • paper received ※ 15 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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TUP017 Manufacturing and Commissioning of Cyclotrons in a Series Production at Varian MMI, cyclotron, extraction, radiation 192
 
  • O. Boldt, M. Eichel, S. Lucht, L. Netterdon, A. Roth, M. Seher, T. Stephani, M. Wiesner
    VMS-PT, Troisdorf, Germany
 
  On 16th March 2019, Varian celebrated the 10th anniversary of first patient treatment in the Munich Proton Center, Germany. Since the first cyclotron installation, 22 more 250 MeV superconducting isochronous proton cyclotrons have successfully been manufactured, commissioned, and tested in our Troisdorf production line. During this process, an increasing experience with the cyclotron’s internal mechanisms and underlying physics allowed for a nowadays significant faster commissioning lead time without having changed the hardware setup substantially. Furthermore, we can already verify full clinical performance of each cyclotron in the factory test cells before delivery to the customer. Essential improvements in the areas of qualification of magnetic field configuration, RF conditioning, and beam commissioning are presented.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP017  
About • paper received ※ 15 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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TUP019 Recent Extensions of JULIC for HBS Investigations neutron, experiment, cyclotron, target 195
 
  • O. Felden, N. Demary, N.-O. Fröhlich, R. Gebel, Y. Valdau
    FZJ, Jülich, Germany
  • M. Rimmler
    JCNS, Jülich, Germany
 
  At the Forschungszentrum Jülich (FZJ) the energy variable cyclotron JULIC is used as injector of the Cooler Synchrotron (COSY) and for low to medium current irradiations of different types. Recently a new target station was set up and is mainly used for tests of new target materials, neutron target development and neutron yield investigations with high power proton or deuteron beam in perspective of a high brilliance accelerator based neutron source (HBS) with the Jülich Center for Neutron Science. The neutrons are produced exposing material targets or compounds to proton or deuterium particles of relative low final particle energy in the MeV range and will be optimized for neutron scattering to be realized at reasonable costs. Beside this, ToF-experiments are performed to investigate and optimize the pulsing structure for HBS. The target station is installed inside an experimental area offering space for complex detector and component setups for nuclear and neutron related experiments. But it is used for other purposes like electronic or detector tests and irradiation as well. This report briefly summarizes the history of JULIC and the activities for its future perspectives.  
poster icon Poster TUP019 [1.562 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP019  
About • paper received ※ 15 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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TUP020 Beam Properties at the Experimental Target Station of the Proton Therapy in Berlin radiation, experiment, scattering, HOM 199
 
  • J. Bundesmann, A. Denker, J. Holz auf der Heide
    HZB, Berlin, Germany
 
  Beside the Therapy station for ocular tumors we have an experimental area to deliver protons and other ions. At this place there is also the possibility to do High Energy Pixe measurements on samples from cultural heritage. The positioning of the samples under test is possible by means of an xy-table with an range of 500x500 mm2 and a load of at least 50 kg, reproducibility ±0.1 mm. We can change the beam size between 1 mm diameter as focused beam and up to 50 mm diameter with different scattering foils and homogeneous dose spread. We can deliver beam intensities from single protons up to 1012 protons/cm2 * sec The energy can be set to 68 MeV with a single Bragg peak, spread out Bragg peaks with a mechanical range shifter or absorber plates to reduce the energy. The timing properties range from quasi DC to a single pulse width of 1 ns with a repetition rate up to 2.4 MHz. Instead of a scattering foil to increase the beam spots we also can use beam scanning with the focused beam to reduce the beam losses. We will show the different beam properties at the experimental target area for radiation hardness testing of solar cells, optical elements and electronics under test.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP020  
About • paper received ※ 14 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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TUP021 Towards FLASH Proton Irradiation at HZB radiation, target, cyclotron, experiment 202
 
  • G. Kourkafas, J. Bundesmann, A. Denker, T. Fanselow, J. Röhrich
    HZB, Berlin, Germany
  • V.H. Ehrhardt, J. Gollrad, J. Heufelder, A. Weber
    Charite, Berlin, Germany
 
  The HZB cyclotron has been providing protons for eye-tumor treatment for more than 20 years. While it has been very successful using conventional dose rates (15-20 Gy/min), recent studies indicate that rapid irradiation with very high dose rates (FLASH) might be equally efficient against tumors but less harmful to healthy tissues. The flexible operation schemes of the HZB cyclotron can provide beams with variable intensities and time structures, covering a wide unexplored regime within the FLASH requirements (>40 Gy/s in <500 ms). This paper presents the results of the first FLASH beam production at HZB towards the establishment of an in-vivo clinical irradiation in the future.  
poster icon Poster TUP021 [1.031 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP021  
About • paper received ※ 12 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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TUP025 Feasibility Study for Converting the CS-30 Into a Variable Energy Cyclotron for Isotopes Production Using the Internal Target System target, cyclotron, radiation, extraction 212
 
  • H.A. Kassim
    KSU, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  • H.F. Akhdar
    Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  • F.M. Alrumayan, A.M. Hendy
    King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
 
  Funding: This project was supported by the NSTIP Strategic Technologies Program in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, award no. 14-MAT-1233-20.
This paper reports a method to reduce the beam energy of the CS-30 cyclotron from 26.5 up to 10 MeV using the internal target system in CS-30 cyclotrons for isotopes production. Irradiation of solid targets, in this type of cyclotrons, take place when the target is positioned horizontally inside the cyclotron tank. In its final position, the target plate interrupts the beam from completing its orbit and nuclear reactions take place. Calculations are made to determine the beam energy as a function of radius. Verification of the new method was achieved by producing pure Ga-68 at an energy level of 11.5 MeV.
[1] Gordon, M. M., Calculation of isochronous fields for sector-focused cyclotrons, Part. Accel., 13 (1983) 67-84
[2] Smith, Lloyd, ORBIT DYNAMICS IN THE SPIRAL-RIDGED CYCLOTRON, (2010)
[3] Kleeven, W. J. G. M., Theory of accelerated orbits and space charge effects in an AVF cyclotron Eindhoven: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, (1988)DOI: 10.6100/IR288492
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP025  
About • paper received ※ 13 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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TUP031 Design and Construction Progress of Cyclotron Based Proton Irradiation Facility for Space Science cyclotron, radiation, ion-source, cavity 230
 
  • Y.L. Lv, S. An, T. Cui, T. Ge, B. Ji, X.L. Jia, S.L. Wang, T.J. Zhang
    CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
 
  The proton irradiation facility for space science research and application consists of a 50 MeV proton cyclotron, two beam lines and two radiation effect simulation experimental target station. The 50 MeV proton cyclotron (CYCIAE-50) is a compact negative hydrogen ion cyclotron with the proton beam energy from 30 MeV to 50 MeV, and the beam intensity is from 10 nA to 10 uA. The cyclotron is about 3.2 m in diameter, 3.5 m in total height and 80 tons in total weight. The diameter of the pole is 2000 mm, the outer diameter of the yoke is 3200 mm, and the height of magnet is 1500 mm. The cyclotron uses an external multi-cusp H ion source. Then the H beam is injected into the accelerating orbit by the spiral inflector. The cyclotron frequency is about 16 MHz. The RF system is a pair of λ/2 RF cavities driven by a 25 kW transmitter. The fourth harmonic accelerating frequency is about 65 MHz. The proton beam is extracted by a single movable stripping carbon foil with the stripping extraction efficiency of 99%. The 50 MeV cyclotron has now been designed in detail, and its main components, such as the main magnets and RF cavities, are being manufactured in the factories in China.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP031  
About • paper received ※ 15 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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TUP033 Concept of 15 Mev Cyclotron for Medical Isotopes Production cyclotron, vacuum, cavity, acceleration 233
 
  • O. Karamyshev
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
 
  The purpose of this article is to show the prospects of cyclotrons with resistive coils and prove that even in such a well-established field there is still room for innovation. The concept of a 15 MeV cyclotron accelerating H¯ ions with a current of up to 1 mA is presented. The design features significantly lower weight and power consumption, compared to the majority of existing cyclotrons of the same energy.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP033  
About • paper received ※ 15 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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TUP034 Study of MERIT Ring for Intense Secondary Particle Production target, acceleration, experiment, betatron 237
 
  • H. Okita, Y. Ishi, Y. Kuriyama, Y. Mori, T. Uesugi
    Kyoto University, Research Reactor Institute, Osaka, Japan
 
  Funding: This work is partially supported by ImPACT Program of Council for Science, Technology and Innovation (Cabinet Office, Government of Japan).
An intense negative muon source MERIT (Multiplex Energy Recovery Internal Target) for the nuclear transformation to mitigate the long-lived fission products from nuclear plants have been proposed. For the purpose of proof-of principle of the MERIT scheme, a FFA (Fixed Field Alternating focusing) ring has been developed and beam experiments have been carried out. In this conference, the results of this study will be reported.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP034  
About • paper received ※ 15 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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TUP035 Development of a Center Region for New Sumitomo Cyclotron cyclotron, ion-source, cathode, extraction 240
 
  • N. Kamiguchi, M. Hirabayashi, J. Kanakura, Y. Kumata, Y. Mikami, H. Murata, H. Oda, T. Tachikawa, T. Takahashi, T. Tsurudome, H. Tsutsui, J.Y. Yoshida
    SHI, Kanagawa, Japan
 
  We, Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd., have been developing a new AVF cyclotron which employs a super-conducting magnet. This cyclotron purposes proton therapy fields and is most compact and high intensity among AVF cyclotrons which can accelerate to 230 MeV. In this paper we report and focus on its center region. The center region consists of bellows. The PIG ion source with hot cathode is located at the center of the cyclotron. As this cyclotron has 3 T magnetic field, the filament receives the Lorentz force strongly. To avoid the filament deformation, AC current heating is newly introduced into this ion source. The over 40 µA output have been already confirmed in our test bench. The extraction of the proton beam is conducted with an RF electric field. On one counter dee electrode a beam chopper is equipped and on the other counter dee electrode, phase slits, a pair of vertical beam dumpers and a beam probe are equipped. To control the beam current, static electric beam choppers deflect the beam direction vertically. C-H coils are put on outside of the center region in the valley. In this paper, the concept of the center region of this new cyclotron will be discussed.  
poster icon Poster TUP035 [1.416 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP035  
About • paper received ※ 13 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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TUP037 Compact Cotangential Orbit Accelerator for Particle Therapy extraction, kicker, septum, cavity 245
 
  • T. Hae, H. Hiramoto
    Hitachi Ltd., Hitachi Research Laboratory, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
  • T. Aoki, C. Hori, Y. Nakashima, F. Noda, T. Seki
    Hitachi Ltd., Ibaraki-ken, Japan
 
  A new type accelerator is being developed for the next generation particle therapy system. This accelerator utilizes a weak focusing DC magnetic field and a frequency modulated RF acceleration. Since a superconducting magnet is applicable to the main magnet, the accelerator can be compact. The accelerator characteristically has cotangential orbits to form an orbit-concentrated region. A beam is extracted from the region by using a new extraction method with the trans-verse RF kicker, peeler and regenerator magnetic fields. In this method an extracted beam energy can be controlled by applied time of the acceleration RF voltage without using an energy selection system (ESS). Intensity and pulse width of the extracted beam can be controlled by a voltage and / or a frequency pattern of the RF kicker.  
poster icon Poster TUP037 [0.740 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP037  
About • paper received ※ 13 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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TUC01 Review and Current Status of the 70 MeV High Intensity Proton Cyclotron at Legnaro cyclotron, operation, target, MMI 248
 
  • M. Maggiore, P. Antonini, A. Lombardi, L. Pranovi
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
  • Z. Filipovski
    UI PET, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
 
  In 2017 the new cyclotron has been successfully commissioned and started the operation at Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (LNL) of INFN . The cyclotron is the proton driver foreseen for the Selective Production of Exotic Species (SPES) project, providing the high power beam for radioactive ion beams (RIBs) production by the ISOL technique. The SPES facility is today under construction and first low energy RIBs are expected to be available on 2021. The facility has been designed in order to exploit the versatility of the cyclotron in terms of wide range of energy and beam current extracted: 35-70 MeV energy and 20 nA - 500 µA of average current. Moreover, the possibility to extract at the same time two proton beams allows to share these both for experimental physics session and applications. In particular, at LNL a collaboration between private company and public institution will lead to a profitable synergy in R&D of new radioisotopes and the related production. In the session the results of the commissioning and the operation of cyclotron will be presented as well as the description of the SPES facility together with its potentiality in nuclear physics research and applications.  
slides icon Slides TUC01 [14.176 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUC01  
About • paper received ※ 15 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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TUC02 Status of the HZB Cyclotron radiation, cyclotron, controls, experiment 253
 
  • A. Denker, J. Bundesmann, T. Damerow, T. Fanselow, D. Hildebrand, U. Hiller, I. Kailouh, G. Kourkafas, S. Ozierenski, C. Rethfeldt, J. Röhrich, S. Seidel, C. Zimmer
    HZB, Berlin, Germany
  • D. Cordini, J. Heufelder, R. Stark, A. Weber
    Charite, Berlin, Germany
 
  For more than 20 years eye tumours are treated in collaboration with the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin. The close co-operation between Charité and HZB permits joint interdisciplinary research. Irradiations with either a sharp, well focused or a broad beam, either in vacuum or in air are possible. In addition, a 60Co-source for gamma-irradiations is available. Experiments now comprise dosimetry, detector comparisons, ambulant mouse irradiations, including class I gene-modified mice. Furthermore, radiation hardness tests on detectors, CCD-cameras and other electronics are performed. In order to improve the beam diagnosis between the 2 MV injector Tandetron and the cyclotron a harp has been installed, leading to new beam line calculations for the injection line. The accelerator operation for therapy as well as on-going experiments and results will be presented.  
slides icon Slides TUC02 [1.965 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUC02  
About • paper received ※ 14 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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TUC04 Status of the Cyclotron Facility at Research Center for Nuclear Physics cyclotron, operation, ion-source, neutron 259
 
  • H. Kanda, M. Fukuda, S. Hara, T. Hara, K. Hatanaka, K. Kamakura, H.W. Koay, S. Morinobu, Y. Morita, M. Nakao, K. Omoto, T. Saito, K. Takeda, H. Tamura, Y. Yasuda, T. Yorita
    RCNP, Osaka, Japan
 
  Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), Osaka University operates a K140 AVF cyclotron and a K400 ring cyclotron and promotes the nuclear physics, accelerator physics, material science, nuclear medicine and related scientific fields. In the recent years, we operated the CAGRA campaign and Grand-RAIDEN+CAGRA campaign experiments* for taking advantage of the low background environment of the RCNP experimental halls and the high quality beams. We have successfully completed the low energy muon beam line, MuSIC**. We have been carrying out a program of the upgrade of the K140 AVF cyclotron which continued working since 1973. We aim at 10 times higher intensity for the proton beam than before and further stability of the operation. We also carried out the upgrade of the cyclotron building and related facilities to handle beams with higher intensity. From 2019, the RCNP started the Research Center of Subatomic Sciences as the International Joint Usage/Research Center in Japan. These upgrades are the most important programs to extend the function of the newly established center.
*E. Ideguchi, SSNET’17 - Abstracts and slides, (p. 1990). France, (2017).
**D. Tomono, PoS(NuFact2017) 111, (2018).
 
slides icon Slides TUC04 [8.696 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUC04  
About • paper received ※ 15 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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WEB01 Status of FFAs (Modelling and Existing/planned Machines) cyclotron, lattice, synchrotron, focusing 266
 
  • J.-B. Lagrange, D.J. Kelliher, S. Machida, C.R. Prior, C.T. Rogers
    STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
 
  Since their rebirth two decades ago, great progress has been made in Fixed Field alternating gradient Accelerator (FFA) design, with different optical concepts and technological developments. Several machines have been built, and others are planned. The talk will review the recent progress around the world.  
slides icon Slides WEB01 [7.965 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-WEB01  
About • paper received ※ 15 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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WEB04 BDSIM Simulation of the Complete Radionuclide Production Beam Line from Beam Splitter to Target Station at the PSI Cyclotron Facility simulation, septum, target, cyclotron 275
 
  • H. Zhang, R. Eichler, J. Grillenberger, W. Hirzel, S. Joray, D.C. Kiselev, J.M. Schippers, J. Snuverink, R. Sobbia, A. Sommerhalder, Z. Talip, N.P. van der Meulen
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
  • L.J. Nevay
    Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom
  • L.J. Nevay
    JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
 
  The beam line for radionuclide production on the PSI Cyclotron Facility starts with an electrostatic beam splitter, which peels protons of a few tens of microampere from a beam around two milliampere. The peeled beam is then guided onto a target station for routine production of a variety of radionuclides [1]. Beam Delivery Simulation (BDSIM), a Geant4 based simulation tool, enables the simulation of not only beam transportation through optics elements like dipoles and quadrupoles, but also particle passage through components like collimator and degrader [2-3]. Furthermore, BDSIM facilitates user built elements with accompanying electromagnetic field, which is essential for the modeling of the first element of the beam line, the electrostatic beam splitter. With a model including all elements from beam splitter to target, BDSIM simulation delivers a better specification of the beam along the complete line, for example, beam profile, beam transmission, energy spectrum, as well as power deposit, which is of importance not only for present operation but also for further development.
REFERENCES
[1] M. Olivo and H. W. Reist, Proc. EPAC’88, Rome, Italy, June 1988, pp. 1300-1302.
[2] www.pp.rhul.ac.uk/bdsim
[3] S. Agostinelli, et al, Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. A(3) 250-303.
 
slides icon Slides WEB04 [4.761 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-WEB04  
About • paper received ※ 13 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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THB01 Review of High Power Cyclotrons and Their Applications cyclotron, cavity, experiment, acceleration 289
 
  • L. Calabretta, D. Rifuggiato
    INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
  • M. Maggiore
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
 
  An incomplete review of existing machines and of present new projects of high power cyclotrons is here presented. Both high energy and low/medium energy cyclotrons will be described. Specific requests for different fields of applications are also discussed.  
slides icon Slides THB01 [11.837 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-THB01  
About • paper received ※ 15 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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THB02 Production of 70 MeV Proton Beam in a Superconducting Cyclotron cyclotron, extraction, acceleration, focusing 294
 
  • V.L. Smirnov, S.B. Vorozhtsov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
 
  Production of 70 MeV proton beams with help of a cyclotron-type facility is one of highly requested tasks presently. Such beams are used for medical applications including direct tumor irradiation and also for production of medical isotopes. The applications mentioned above dictate corresponding requirements imposed on the beam quality and intensity. For proton therapy treatment it is sufficient to have 300-600 nA output beam current with rather strict tolerance on the transverse beam quality. On the other hand, for the isotope production the major requirement is high enough beam intensity (hundreds µA) with less demanding beam quality. Nowadays, for production of the proton beams in the energy range considered cyclotrons with resistive coil weighting ~200 tons are mostly used. In these cyclotrons two extraction methods - with electrostatic deflector and with stripping foils - can provide somewhat different quality of the output beam. In given report a possibility of using a superconducting cyclotron instead of room-temperature one is considered. To this end, acceleration of various ions was investigated with analysis of the main facility parameters and resulting output beams.  
slides icon Slides THB02 [2.733 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-THB02  
About • paper received ※ 06 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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THB03 Conceptual Design of TR100+: An Innovative Superconducting Cyclotron for Commercial Isotopes Production cyclotron, extraction, acceleration, electron 298
 
  • Y.-N. Rao, R.A. Baartman, Y. Bylinskii, T. Planche, L.G. Zhang
    TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
 
  Utilizing dedicated cyclotrons to produce medical isotopes is an arising technology in hospitals across Canada. Thus, in January 2015, the CycloMed99 team, led by TRIUMF, demonstrated a breakthrough in producing the world’s most highly used medical isotope, technetium-99m (Tc-99m), on existing medical cyclotrons. Now we propose to design an innovative superconducting cyclotron for production of commercially valuable radioisotopes. This project will be focusing on a proton energy of 70-150 MeV and proton current of 2 mA. In this energy range, numerous increasingly demanded radio­nuclides can be produced, either as parent nuclei for generator use, or directly as a active pharmaceutical ingredient, e.g. Strontium-82 (Sr-82), Actinium-235 (Ac-235) and Bismuth-213 (Bi-213). Our machine shall be designed to accelerate H2+, by injection from external ion source and extraction by stripping. This shall allow to simultaneously extract multiple cw proton beams of variable currents and potentially variable energies to multiple experimental stations with extremely high extraction efficiency. The basic parameters of the machine and the simulations of stripping extraction will be presented.  
slides icon Slides THB03 [3.030 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-THB03  
About • paper received ※ 17 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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THB04 Development of a Transparent Profiler Based on Secondary Electrons Emission for Charged Particle Beams radiation, electron, detector, cyclotron 302
 
  • C. Thiebaux, Y. Geerebaert, F. Magniette, P. Manigot, M. Verderi
    LLR, Palaiseau, France
  • G. Blain, F. Haddad, N. Michel, N. Servagent, T. Sounalet
    SUBATECH, Nantes, France
  • B. Boyer, E. Delagnes, F.T. Gebreyohannes, O. Gevin
    CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
  • F. Haddad, C. Koumeir, F. Poirier
    Cyclotron ARRONAX, Saint-Herblain, France
 
  Funding: This study is supported by three programs of the Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR-17-CE31-0015, ANR- 11-EQPX-0004 and the LABEX P2IO.
The PEPITES project* aims at realizing an operational prototype of an ultra-thin, radiation-resistant profiler able to permanently operate on mid-energy (O(100 MeV)) charged particle accelerators. PEPITES uses secondary electron emission (SEE) for the signal because it requires only a minimal thickness of material (10 nm); very linear, it also offers a great dynamic. The lateral beam profile is sampled using segmented electrodes, constructed by thin film methods. Gold strips, as thin as the electrical conductivity allows (~ 50 nm), are deposited on an as thin as possible insulating substrate. When crossing the gold, the beam ejects the electrons by SEE, the current thus formed in each strip allows the sampling. The technique was validated at ARRONAX with 68 MeV proton beams for intensities from 100 fA to 10 nA. SEE is characterized up to 100 nA at ARRONAX and medical energies at CPO**. Electrodes were subjected to doses of up to 109 Gy without showing significant degradation. A demonstrator with dedicated electronics (CEA) will be installed at ARRONAX and used routinely. The performances of the system and its behavior over time will thus be characterized.
*LLR, ARRONAX cyclotron and CEA
**Orsay Protontherapy Center (Institut Curie)
 
slides icon Slides THB04 [16.785 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-THB04  
About • paper received ※ 13 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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FRA01 A New Solution for Cost Effective, High Average Power (2 GeV, 6 MW) Proton Accelerator and its R&D Activities FFAG, cavity, resonance, cyclotron 334
 
  • T.J. Zhang, S. An, T.J. Bian, F.P. Guan, M. Li, S. Pei, C. Wang, F. Wang, Z.G. Yin
    CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
 
  The 100 MeV compact cyclotron, CYCIAE-100 was approved to start the construction in 2011, and the first proton beam was extracted on July 4, 2014. In 2017, the 200 µA proton beam development was conducted, and in 2018, the production of high power beam from 20 kW to 52 kW had been delivered successfully to the beam dump. Due to the successful construction of 435 tons magnet for CYCIAE-100, it has been proved that the gradient adjustment of magnetic field along radius can effectively enhance the vertical focusing during the isochronous acceleration. This key technology was applied to the general design of a 2 GeV CW proton accelerator, the energy limitation of the isochronous machine is increased from ~1 GeV to 2 GeV, by our contribution of the beam dynamics study for high energy isochronous FFAG. This paper will introduce CIAE’s engineering experience of precision magnet, high power RF systems, and the advantages of beam dynamics simulation based on large-scale parallel computing. The cost-effective solution for such a 2 GeV high power circular accelerator complex will be presented in detail after the brief introduction about the high power proton beam production by the CYCIAE-100.  
slides icon Slides FRA01 [19.669 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-FRA01  
About • paper received ※ 15 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 23 June 2020       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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FRA02 Current Status of Sumitomo’s Superconducting Cyclotron Development for Proton Therapy cyclotron, extraction, cavity, ion-source 340
 
  • H. Tsutsui, Y. Arakawa, Y. Ebara, A. Hashimoto, M. Hirabayashi, T. Hirayama, N. Kamiguchi, J. Kanakura, Y. Kumata, Y. Mikami, H. Mitsubori, T. Miyashita, T. Morie, H. Murata, H. Oda, H. Ookubo, T. Sakemi, M. Sano, T. Tachikawa, T. Takahashi, K. Taki, T. Tsurudome, T. Watanabe, J.Y. Yoshida
    SHI, Tokyo, Japan
 
  Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. is developing a com-pact superconducting isochronous 230 MeV cyclotron for proton therapy. It is designed to produce 1000 nA proton beams for high dose rate cancer treatment. The cyclotron magnet, which includes a liquid-helium-free cryostat, has been fabricated and the magnetic field has been measured. Magnetic field distribution and pa-rameters such as horizontal and vertical tunes agreed well with the original design. A 120 kW solid-state RF system is being tested. Other components such as the ion source and electrostatic deflector are being fabricated. After the testing of individual components, they will be assembled and beam testing will be scheduled at a new test site.  
slides icon Slides FRA02 [8.556 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-FRA02  
About • paper received ※ 13 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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FRA03 Energy Reduction of Varian’s ProBeam 250 MeV Cyclotron to 226 MeV cyclotron, extraction, MMI, simulation 344
 
  • A. Roth, E.M. Akcöltekin, O. Boldt, F. Klarner, H. Röcken, T. Stephani, J.C. Wittschen
    VMS-PT, Troisdorf, Germany
 
  With its superconducting 250 MeV isochronous proton cyclotron AC250, Varian uses a powerful accelerator for the ProBeam particle therapy systems. However, data from clinical operation has shown that the vast majority of treatments is only making use of proton ranges of less than 30 cm WET (water equivalent thickness), i.e. beam energy of 218 MeV at the patient. This led to a decision at Varian in Dec 2018 to conduct a redesign program with the goal to reduce extraction energy of the ProBeam cyclotron to 226 MeV. We present beam dynamics simulations for the AC226 beam acceleration and extraction. They actually show that only a reduced main coil current and adapted magnetic shimming process, as well as a slightly lower RF frequency is needed for re-tune. Furthermore, results indicate that a similar performance as compared to the AC250 can be expected. A first of its kind (FOIK) AC226 cyclotron is built by seamless integration into Varian’s production process. The magnetic field measurement and shimming is completed, in-house RF and beam commissioning is planned for autumn 2019. We report on the status of the FOIK machine.  
slides icon Slides FRA03 [4.697 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-FRA03  
About • paper received ※ 14 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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FRA04 Cyclotrons Based Facilities for Single Event Effects Testing of Spacecraft Electronics radiation, electron, heavy-ion, detector 348
 
  • P.A. Chubunov, A.S. Bychkov
    ISDE, Moscow, Russia
  • V.S. Anashin, A.E. Koziukov
    United Rocket and Space Corporation, Institute of Space Device Engineering, Moscow, Russia
  • I.V. Kalagin, S.V. Mitrofanov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
 
  Space radiation is the main factor limiting the operation time of the onboard equipment of the spacecraft due to the radiation effects occurring in the electronic components. With a decrease in the size of semiconductor structures, the sensitivity to the effects of individual nuclear particles increases and hitting one such particle can cause an upset or even failure of a component or system as a whole. Since the phenomenon occurs due to the impact of a separate particle, these radiation effects are called Single Event Effects (SEE). To be sure that the electronic component is operational in space, ground tests are necessary. SEE tests are carried out on test facilities that allow accelerating heavy ions from C to Bi to energies from 3 to a few dozen MeV/A. Cyclotrons are best suited for this purpose. In this paper, the installations created by request of ISDE based on the cyclotrons of FLNR JINR are described.  
slides icon Slides FRA04 [0.849 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-FRA04  
About • paper received ※ 17 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 27 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
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