Cyclotrons2019 - List of Keywords (simulation)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOP003	Optimal Design and Fluid-Solid Coupling Thermal Analysis of SC200 Superconducting Proton Cyclotron Electrostatic Deflector	septum, proton, cyclotron, extraction	27
	Y. Xu, Y. Chen, K.Z. Ding, X.Y. Huang, J. Li, K. Pei, Y. Song ASIPP, Hefei, People’s Republic of China K. Gu HFCIM, HeFei, People’s Republic of China
	Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No. 11775258 & 11575237 and International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Project of Anhui (grant No. 1704e1002207). In recent years, the study of proton therapy equipment has received increasing attention in China. Hefei CAS Ion Medical and Technical Devices Co., Ltd. (HFCIM) is developing a proton medical device based on the super-conducting proton cyclotron. The electrostatic deflector (ESD) is the key extraction component of the SC200 superconducting cyclotron, which uses a high-intensity electric field to bend the beam from the track. The fierce interaction between the proton beam and the deflector septum, causes a great loss of beam and unwanted excess heat accumulation and radiation. In order to minimize the risk of damage caused by the proton beam loss, the fluid solid-thermal coupling analysis of the deflector was per-formed by applying computational fluid dynamics (CFD) on ANSYS. The maximum temperatures of the septum in various cases of the cooling water speed, the septum thickness and material have been investigated respective-ly. The result based on analysis provide a valuable refer-ence for the further optimization on the material selection and structural design for ESD.
	Poster MOP003 [0.735 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP003
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP004	Beam Dynamics Simulation of the Extraction for a Superconducting Cyclotron SC240	extraction, cyclotron, proton, emittance	31
	Z. Wu, K.Z. Ding, J. Li, Y. Song ASIPP, Hefei, People’s Republic of China Z. Wang HFCIM, HeFei, People’s Republic of China
	In order to diversify the company’s cyclotron, a design study has been carried out on a 240 MeV superconducting cyclotron SC240 for proton therapy, which is based on our experience in design of SC200. In order to increase turn separation and extraction efficiency, resonant precessional extraction method is employed in the extraction system. A first harmonic field consistent with the Gaussian distribution is added to introduce beam precessional motion. Its effects on phase space evolution and turn separation increase is studied by a high efficiency beam dynamics simulation code. According to the study, its amplitude and phase have been optimized to meet the requirements of extraction beam dynamics. Based on beam dynamics simulation, the parameters of extraction system elements (two electrostatic deflectors and six magnetic channels) are chosen. Besides, the effects of sectors spiral direction on beam extraction are studied. Extraction efficiencies and beam parameters have been calculated.
	Poster MOP004 [1.696 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP004
About •	paper received ※ 14 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP006	The Design and Simulation on the Extraction System for CYCIAE-50	proton, cyclotron, extraction, radiation	35
	S. An, F.P. Guan, P. Huang, L.Y. Ji, M. Li, Y.L. Lv, S.M. Wei, L.P. Wen, H.D. Xie, J.S. Xing, T.J. Zhang, X. Zheng CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	A 50 MeV H⁻ compact cyclotron (CYCIAE-50) as a proton irradiation facility is under construction at China Institute of Atomic Energy. The proton beam with the energy of 30 MeV to 50 MeV and the current of 10 uA will be extracted by a single stripping extraction system. In order to reduce the beam loss, the combination magnet is fixed inside the magnetism yoke. The positions of stripping points for the different extraction energy are calculated and the extracted beam trajectories after stripping foil are simulated in detail in this paper. The extracted beam distribution after stripping foil and the extracted beam characters will be studied in this paper. The beam parameters after extraction will be given by the extracting orbit simulation. The design on the whole stripping extraction system has been finished and will be presented in this paper.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP006
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP013	Mechanical Modifications of the Median Plane for the Superconducting Cyclotron Upgrade	extraction, cyclotron, superconducting-magnet, vacuum	51
	G. Gallo, L. Allegra, L. Calabretta, A.C. Caruso, G. Costa, E. Messina, M.S. Musumeci, D. Rifuggiato, E. Zappalà INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
	The Superconducting Cyclotron (CS) is a three sectors, compact accelerator with a wide operating diagram, capable of accelerating heavy ions with q/A from 0.1 to 0.5 up to energies from 2 to 100 MeV/u. Recently a significant upgrade has been proposed to increase the light ion beam intensity by means of extraction by stripping. For the implementation of the new extraction mode, many relevant modifications are needed in the median plane. The biggest upgrade action is the replacement of the present superconducting magnet with a new one, compatible with the beam trajectory and envelope in the extraction by stripping. The extraction by stripping mode implies the installation of two stripper systems, one in a hill and the other in a valley, that allow to extract all the ions requested by the users. Finally, since the present electrostatic extraction mode will be maintained, several relevant mechanical issues have to be faced when switching from one extraction mode to the other one, the location of one electrostatic deflector being the same as the stripper system. The focus of this paper will be the presentation of the different mechanical features involved in the upgrade.
	Poster MOP013 [1.583 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP013
About •	paper received ※ 12 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP014	3D Magnetic Optimization of the New Extraction Channel for the LNS Superconducting Cyclotron	cyclotron, extraction, focusing, acceleration	54
	L. Neri, L. Allegra, L. Calabretta, G. Costa, G. D’Agostino, G. Gallo, D. Rifuggiato, A.D. Russo, G. Torrisi INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
	The upgrade of the Superconducting Cyclotron operating at INFN-LNS is the main objective of the general upgrade of the LNS facility, consisting in the enhancement of light ion beam intensity. To overcome the present maximum power of 100 W of the beam extracted by electrostatic deflector and achieve a beam power as high as 10 kW, the implementation of the extraction by stripping method has been proposed. Intense ion beams with mass in the range 10 to 40 amu (12C, 18O, 20Ne, 40Ar) in the energy range of interest (15-70 MeV/u) will be delivered to the NUMEN experiment, as well as used for production of in-flight radioactive beams. The present work consists in the optimization of the magnetic channels needed to limit the radial and axial beam envelopes. The design of the magnetic channels has been accomplished by fully three-dimensional magneto-static simulations using Comsol Multiphysics and a custom transport code developed in Matlab along the last year at INFN-LNS. The effect of a magnetic shielding structure in the extraction channel is presented, together with the possibility of producing a magnetic gradient from an asymmetric coil.
	Poster MOP014 [2.968 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP014
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP018	Simulation of the Axial Injection Beam Line of DC140 Cyclotron of FLNR JINR	cyclotron, injection, ECR, radiation	66
	N.Yu. Kazarinov, J. Franko, G.G. Gulbekyan, I.A. Ivanenko, I.V. Kalagin JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reaction of Joint Institute for Nuclear Research carries out the works under creating FLNR JINR Irradiation Facility based on the cyclotron DC140. The facility is intended for SEE testing of microchip, for production of track membranes and for solving of applied physics problems. The main systems of DC140 are based on the DC72 cyclotron ones that now are under reconstruction. The DC140 cyclotron is intended for acceleration of heavy ions with mass-to-charge ratio A/Z within interval from 5 to 5.5 up to two fixed energies 2.136 and 4.8 MeV per unit mass. The intensity of the accelerated ions will be about 1 pµAmps for light ions (A<86) and about 0.1 pµAmps for heavier ions (A>132). The injection into cyclotron will be realized from the external room temperature 18 GHz ECR ion source. The simulation of the axial injection system of the cyclotron is presented in this report.
	Poster MOP018 [1.331 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP018
About •	paper received ※ 29 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP020	Simulation of the Beam Extraction System of DC140 Cyclotron of FLNR JINR	cyclotron, extraction, radiation, betatron	73
	N.Yu. Kazarinov, G.G. Gulbekyan, I.A. Ivanenko JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reaction of Joint Institute for Nuclear Research carries out the works under creating FLNR JINR Irradiation Facility based on the cyclotron DC140. The facility is intended for SEE testing of microchip, for production of track membranes and for solving of applied physics problems. The main systems of DC140 are based on the DC72 cyclotron ones that now are under reconstruction. The DC140 cyclotron is intended for acceleration of heavy ions with mass-to-charge ratio A/Z within interval from 5 to 5.5 up to two fixed energies 2.136 and 4.8 MeV per unit mass. The intensity of the accelerated ions will be about 1 pµAmps for light ions (A<86) and about 0.1 pµAmps for heavier ions (A>132). The beam extraction system consists of electrostatic deflector and two magnetic channels. The simulation of the extraction system of the cyclotron is presented in this report. The extracted beams characteristics outside the cyclotron, that will serve as initial conditions for the design of experimental beam lines of FLNR JINR IF are determined.
	Poster MOP020 [9.336 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP020
About •	paper received ※ 29 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP024	Development of a Replacement for the Long Radial Probe in the Ring Cyclotron	cyclotron, vacuum, plasma, cavity	86
	R. Dölling, G.G. Gamma, V. Ovinnikov, M. Rohrer, P. Rüttimann, R. Senn PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	The long radial probe in PSI’s Ring cyclotron delivers a radial pattern of all but the first few turns. In recent years, the measurement has been plagued by artefacts and mechanical problems. We report here on the development of a replacement, which should also provide a more flexible basis for extended measurement capabilities.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP024
About •	paper received ※ 20 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP029	Design and Manufacture of 10 kW, 83.2 MHz 4-way Power Combiner for Solid State Amplifier	insertion, ISOL, coupling, target	97
	D.H. Ha, J.-S. Chai, Kh.M. Gad, M. Ghergherehchi, H.S. Kim, J.C. Lee, H. Namgoong SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
	The purpose of this study is to improve the insertion loss of a 20 kW solid-state RF power amplifier and the power coupling efficiency by reducing reflected power. For this purpose, a power combiner, which is a core component of a solid-state RF power amplifier, was designed and fabricated. The 4-way power combiner employs the Wilkinson type, which has excellent power coupling efficiency and isolation, and operates at 83.2 MHz. This paper covers the design and cold test results.
	Poster MOP029 [1.396 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP029
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP031	Design of High Sensitive Magnet and Beam Dynamics for AMS Cyclotron	cyclotron, ion-source, extraction, radio-frequency	103
	H. Namgoong, J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi, D.H. Ha, H.S. Kim, J.C. Lee SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
	To produce a carbon-14 for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS), AMS Cyclotron magnet was designed. For the AMS system, Cyclotron magnet has been required high mass resolution. In order to realize high mass resolution, the phase error is designed within ±10 and the mass resolution was 5000. We used CST particle studio and Cyclone for beam dynamics simulation of this cyclotron magnet. This paper describes the AMS cyclotron magnet and beam dynamics design.
	Poster MOP031 [2.281 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP031
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP034	Beam Stripping Interactions Implemented in Cyclotrons with OPAL Simulation Code	cyclotron, electron, vacuum, experiment	109
	P. Calvo, C. Oliver CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain A. Adelmann, M. Frey, A. Gsell, J. Snuverink PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	Beam transmission optimization and losses characterization, where beam stripping interactions are a key issue, play an important role in the design and operation of compact cyclotrons. A beam stripping model has been implemented in the three-dimensional object-oriented parallel code OPAL-cycl, a flavor of the OPAL framework. The model includes Monte Carlo methods for interaction with residual gas and dissociation by electromagnetic stripping. The model has been verified with theoretical models and it has been applied to the AMIT cyclotron according to design conditions.
	Poster MOP034 [0.880 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP034
About •	paper received ※ 12 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUB02	JINR PROJECTS of CYCLOTRON FOR PROTON THERAPY	cyclotron, cavity, proton, extraction	140
	O. Karamyshev, K. Bunyatov, S. Gurskiy, G.A. Karamysheva, D.P. Popov, G. Shirkov, S.G. Shirkov, V.L. Smirnov, S.B. Vorozhtsov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia V. Malinin JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
	Physical design of the compact superconducting cyclotron SC230 (91.5MHz) has been performed. The cyclotron can deliver up to 230 MeV beam for proton therapy and medico-biological research. As the cyclotron will have a relatively small magnet field, it is possible to use both superconducting and resistive coil. Besides a superconducting cyclotron we simulate design of the cyclotron with a conventional copper water-cooled coil. Such a solution allows us to achieve a lower price compared to superconducting options, but it becomes a bit heavier.
	Slides TUB02 [8.397 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUB02
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUB03	MRI-Guided-PT: Integrating an MRI in a Proton Therapy System	proton, HOM, GUI, FEM	144
	E. van der Kraaij, J. Smeets IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium L. Bertora, A. Carrozzi, A. Serra ASG, Genova, Italy S. Gantz, A. Hoffmann, L. Karsch, A. Lühr, J. Pawelke, S. Schellhammer OncoRay, Dresden, Germany B. Oborn CMRP, Wollongong, Australia
	Integration of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in proton therapy (PT) has the potential to improve tumor-targeting precision. However, it is technically challenging to integrate an MRI scanner at the beam isocenter of a PT system due to space constraints and electromagnetic interactions between the two systems. We assessed the technical risks and challenges, and present a concept for the mechanical integration of a 0.5T MRI scanner (ASG MR-Open) into a PT gantry (IBA ProteusONE). Finite element simulations assess the perturbation of the gantry’s elements on the homogeneity of the scanner’s static magnetic field. MC simulations estimate the effect of the scanner’s magnetic field on the proton dose deposition. To test the technical feasibility, a first experimental setup was realized at the PT center in Dresden, combining a 0.22T open MRI scanner with a static proton beam line. Results show that the image quality is not degraded by proton beam irradiation if the acquisition is synchronized with beam line operation. The beam energy dependent proton beam deflection due to the scanner’s magnetic field is significant and needs to be corrected for in treatment planning and dose delivery.
	Slides TUB03 [1.866 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUB03
About •	paper received ※ 14 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUP006	The Injection and Chopper-Based System at Arronax C70XP Cyclotron	injection, experiment, cyclotron, solenoid	159
	F. Poirier, F. Bulteau-harel, T. Durand, X. Goiziou, C. Koumeir, A. Sengar, H. Trichet Cyclotron ARRONAX, Saint-Herblain, France G. Blain, M. Fattahi, F. Haddad, J. Vandenborre SUBATECH, Nantes, France S. Chiavassa, G. Delpon ICO, Saint - Herblain, France F. Poirier CNRS - DR17, RENNES, France
	Funding: This work has been, in part, supported by grants from the French National Agency for Research, Arronax-Plus n°ANR-11-EQPX-0004, IRON n°ANR-11-LABX-18-01 and Next n°ANR-16-IDEX-0007. The multi-particle cyclotron of the Arronax Public Interest Group (GIP) is used to perform irradiation up to hundreds of µA on various experiments and targets. To support low and high average intensity usage and adapt the beam time structure required for high peak intensity operation and experiments such as pulsed experiments studies, it has been devised a pulsing system in the injection of the cyclotron. This system combines the use of a chopper, low frequency switch, and a control system based on the new extended EPICS network. This paper details the pulsing system adopted at Arronax, updates and results for various intensity experimental studies performed with alpha and proton beams. Updated work on the simulation of the injection is also shown, specifically towards high intensity future irradiation.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP006
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUP010	Buncher for the Optimization of the Injection of a 70 MeV Cyclotron	emittance, cyclotron, injection, ion-source	173
	P. Antonini, A. Lombardi, M. Maggiore, L. Pranovi INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy L. Buriola Univ. degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
	The design of an injection buncher for the 70 MeV cyclotron in use at LNL labs of INFN is under way. This buncher is to be installed between the ion source and the injection, to match the injected beam to the acceptance angle of the injection. The planned design is a 3/2 beta-λ double-gap driven with one or two harmonics of the 56 MHz RF frequency. Remotely-driven variable capacitors will be used for easy tuning of the matching box from the control system. The mechanical layout and simulations will be presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP010
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUP011	Upgrade of the Central Region of the Superconducting Cyclotron at INFN-LNS	cyclotron, extraction, injection, acceleration	177
	G. D’Agostino, L. Calabretta, D. Rifuggiato INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy W.J.G.M. Kleeven IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
	The Superconducting Cyclotron (CS) at INFN-LNS is regularly operated with beam power up to 100 W. The present efforts in upgrading the cyclotron are directed towards an increase of beam power up to 10 kW for ions with mass number A < 40 and energies between 15 and 70 AMeV by means of increase of beam intensity. Moreover, a beam energy resolution of 0.1% is requested by the NUMEN project at INFN-LNS. We plan to achieve high beam power by increasing the efficiency of the injection and extraction processes. The current extraction efficiency is lower than 60%. We expect to increase it to a value close to 100% by extracting the specific ion beams by stripping and no longer by electrostatic deflectors. A spiral inflector is used to bent onto the median plane the ion beams produced by the two ECR ion sources. Including the effect of a drift buncher placed in the axial injection line, the current injection efficiency is about 15%. The study of an upgraded CS central region is ongoing at INFN-LNS. First results of simulation study aimed to increase the injection efficiency are presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP011
About •	paper received ※ 14 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUP014	Deflecting System Upgrade Initial Simulations for 37 MeV Cyclotron at NPI Řež	extraction, cyclotron, septum, proton	185
	T. Matlocha NPI, Řež near Prague, Czech Republic
	NPI Řež U-120M multi-particle variable energy cyclotron system for positive ions extraction consists of three electrostatic deflectors, one active magnetic channel and an electromagnetic bump exciter. The deflectors transmission ratio for deuterons, alpha particles and Helium 3 ions is rather low, usually about 10%, for protons it is far below 5%. Based on an experience from other cyclotron laboratories, the general concept of the extraction system has been modified and the last two electrostatic deflectors were replaced with two magnetic channels. In the early stage of the upgrade, simulations were performed for protons at 28 MeV and Helium 3 ions at 44 MeV with and without the magnetic bump exciter. The extraction efficiency and beam losses along the extraction path are evaluated. The presented modified extraction system simulations suggest promising results. The total transmission ratio of the deflecting system has increased significantly, allowing work to continue and expect a positive final result.
	Poster TUP014 [1.241 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP014
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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WEB03	Factors Influencing the Vortex Effect in High-Intensity Cyclotrons	cyclotron, bunching, space-charge, acceleration	270
	C. Baumgarten PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	We discuss factors that have potential influence on the space charge induced vortex motion of particles within high intensity bunches (curling of bunches, Gordon 1969) in isochronous cyclotrons. The influence of the phase slip due to deviations from strict isochronism determines if the bunches of a specific turn are above, below or at "transition", and hence whether stable vortex motion of the bunches is possible at all. Secondly there are possible longitudinal and transverse effects of rf acceleration, the former depending on the bunch phase ("bunching" or "debunching"), the latter depending on the gradient of the accelerating voltage. High accelerating voltages in the first turns call the applicability of adiabatic approximations and analytic methods into question. The influence of the rf acceleration is expected to be significant only at low beam energy, i.e. should have small or even negligible effect beyond the central region of compact machines.
	Slides WEB03 [1.145 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-WEB03
About •	paper received ※ 16 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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WEB04	BDSIM Simulation of the Complete Radionuclide Production Beam Line from Beam Splitter to Target Station at the PSI Cyclotron Facility	proton, septum, target, cyclotron	275
	H. Zhang, R. Eichler, J. Grillenberger, W. Hirzel, S. Joray, D.C. Kiselev, J.M. Schippers, J. Snuverink, R. Sobbia, A. Sommerhalder, Z. Talip, N.P. van der Meulen PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland L.J. Nevay Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom L.J. Nevay JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
	The beam line for radionuclide production on the PSI Cyclotron Facility starts with an electrostatic beam splitter, which peels protons of a few tens of microampere from a beam around two milliampere. The peeled beam is then guided onto a target station for routine production of a variety of radionuclides [1]. Beam Delivery Simulation (BDSIM), a Geant4 based simulation tool, enables the simulation of not only beam transportation through optics elements like dipoles and quadrupoles, but also particle passage through components like collimator and degrader [2-3]. Furthermore, BDSIM facilitates user built elements with accompanying electromagnetic field, which is essential for the modeling of the first element of the beam line, the electrostatic beam splitter. With a model including all elements from beam splitter to target, BDSIM simulation delivers a better specification of the beam along the complete line, for example, beam profile, beam transmission, energy spectrum, as well as power deposit, which is of importance not only for present operation but also for further development. REFERENCES [1] M. Olivo and H. W. Reist, Proc. EPAC’88, Rome, Italy, June 1988, pp. 1300-1302. [2] www.pp.rhul.ac.uk/bdsim [3] S. Agostinelli, et al, Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. A(3) 250-303.
	Slides WEB04 [4.761 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-WEB04
About •	paper received ※ 13 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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THA01	Precise Modelling and Large Scale Multiobjective Optimisation of Cyclotrons	cyclotron, framework	284
	J. Snuverink, A. Adelmann, C. Baumgarten, M. Frey PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	The usage of numerical models to study the evolution of particle beams is an essential step in the design process of particle accelerators. However, uncertainties of input quantities such as beam energy and magnetic field lead to simulation results that do not fully agree with measurements. Hence the machine will behave differently compared to the simulations. In case of cyclotrons such discrepancies affect the overall turn pattern or alter the number of turns. Inaccuracies at the PSI Ring cyclotron that may harm the isochronicity are compensated by 18 trim coils. Trim coils are often absent in simulations or their implementation is simplistic. A realistic trim coil model within the simulation framework OPAL is presented. It was used to match the turn pattern of the PSI Ring. Due to the high-dimensional search space consisting of 48 simulation input parameters and 182 objectives (i.e. turns) simulation and measurement cannot be matched in a straightforward manner. Instead, an evolutionary multi-objective optimisation with more than 8000 simulations per iteration together with a local search approach was applied that reduced the maximum error to 4.5 mm over all 182 turns.
	Slides THA01 [6.834 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-THA01
About •	paper received ※ 25 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 27 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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THD03	An Improved Concept for Self-Extraction Cyclotrons	extraction, cyclotron, ion-source, site	330
	W.J.G.M. Kleeven, E. Forton IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
	A study is made for an improved concept of self-extraction in low and medium energy cyclotrons to be used for production of medical isotopes. The prototype of the self-extracting cyclotron was realized around the year 2001. From this machine, currents higher than 1 mA were extracted and transported to a Pd-10³ production target. However, at the higher intensities, the extraction efficiency was dropping to about 70-75%, and the extracted emittance was rather poor, leading to additional losses in the beamline. Several improvements of the original concept are proposed: i) the beam coherent oscillation (as needed for good extraction) is no longer generated with harmonic coils, but is obtained from a significant off-centring of the ion source, ii) the cyclotron magnet has perfect 2-fold symmetry, allowing the placement of two internal sources and dual extraction on two opposite hill sectors, iii) a substantial improvement of the magnetic profile of the hill sectors. Simulations show an extraction efficiency up to almost 95% and emittances at least a factor 3 lower as compared to the original design. The new magnetic design is shown, and results of beam simulation are discussed. W. Kleeven et al., 16th Int. Conf. Cycl. Appl. 2001, East-Lansing.
	Slides THD03 [4.060 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-THD03
About •	paper received ※ 19 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 27 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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FRA03	Energy Reduction of Varian’s ProBeam 250 MeV Cyclotron to 226 MeV	cyclotron, extraction, proton, MMI	344
	A. Roth, E.M. Akcöltekin, O. Boldt, F. Klarner, H. Röcken, T. Stephani, J.C. Wittschen VMS-PT, Troisdorf, Germany
	With its superconducting 250 MeV isochronous proton cyclotron AC250, Varian uses a powerful accelerator for the ProBeam particle therapy systems. However, data from clinical operation has shown that the vast majority of treatments is only making use of proton ranges of less than 30 cm WET (water equivalent thickness), i.e. beam energy of 218 MeV at the patient. This led to a decision at Varian in Dec 2018 to conduct a redesign program with the goal to reduce extraction energy of the ProBeam cyclotron to 226 MeV. We present beam dynamics simulations for the AC226 beam acceleration and extraction. They actually show that only a reduced main coil current and adapted magnetic shimming process, as well as a slightly lower RF frequency is needed for re-tune. Furthermore, results indicate that a similar performance as compared to the AC250 can be expected. A first of its kind (FOIK) AC226 cyclotron is built by seamless integration into Varian’s production process. The magnetic field measurement and shimming is completed, in-house RF and beam commissioning is planned for autumn 2019. We report on the status of the FOIK machine.
	Slides FRA03 [4.697 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-FRA03
About •	paper received ※ 14 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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FRB03	3D Radio Frequency Simulation of the INFN-LNS Superconducting Cyclotron	cyclotron, cavity, experiment, extraction	361
	G. Torrisi, L. Allegra, L. Calabretta, A.C. Caruso, G. Costa, G. Gallo, A. Longhitano, L. Neri, D. Rifuggiato INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
	An upgrade plan of the Superconducting Cyclotron operating at INFN-LNS is ongoing. In this paper, a 3D numerical model of the Cyclotron radio frequency cavity is presented. Simulations include the coaxial sliding shorts, liner vacuum chamber, coupler, trimming capacitor and the Dees structures. CST microwave studio software has been used for numerical computation. RF simulations are mandatory also in order to analyze the field in the beam region and evaluate the impact of different Dees geometry and eventual field asymmetries. Moreover, 3D COMSOL Multiphysics simulations have been carried out in order to couple the electromagnetic field solution to a custom beam-dynamics code developed in Matlab as a future plan. Time evolution of accelerated beam and electromagnetic field make also possible to verify the magnetic field synchronization. Experimental validation of the developed model will be also presented.
	Slides FRB03 [19.931 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-FRB03
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

Optimal Design and Fluid-Solid Coupling Thermal Analysis of SC200 Superconducting Proton Cyclotron Electrostatic Deflector

septum, proton, cyclotron, extraction

27

Y. Xu, Y. Chen, K.Z. Ding, X.Y. Huang, J. Li, K. Pei, Y. Song
ASIPP, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
K. Gu
HFCIM, HeFei, People’s Republic of China

Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No. 11775258 & 11575237 and International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Project of Anhui (grant No. 1704e1002207).
In recent years, the study of proton therapy equipment has received increasing attention in China. Hefei CAS Ion Medical and Technical Devices Co., Ltd. (HFCIM) is developing a proton medical device based on the super-conducting proton cyclotron. The electrostatic deflector (ESD) is the key extraction component of the SC200 superconducting cyclotron, which uses a high-intensity electric field to bend the beam from the track. The fierce interaction between the proton beam and the deflector septum, causes a great loss of beam and unwanted excess heat accumulation and radiation. In order to minimize the risk of damage caused by the proton beam loss, the fluid solid-thermal coupling analysis of the deflector was per-formed by applying computational fluid dynamics (CFD) on ANSYS. The maximum temperatures of the septum in various cases of the cooling water speed, the septum thickness and material have been investigated respective-ly. The result based on analysis provide a valuable refer-ence for the further optimization on the material selection and structural design for ESD.

Poster MOP003 [0.735 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP003

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paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOP004

Beam Dynamics Simulation of the Extraction for a Superconducting Cyclotron SC240

extraction, cyclotron, proton, emittance

31

Z. Wu, K.Z. Ding, J. Li, Y. Song
ASIPP, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
Z. Wang
HFCIM, HeFei, People’s Republic of China

In order to diversify the company’s cyclotron, a design study has been carried out on a 240 MeV superconducting cyclotron SC240 for proton therapy, which is based on our experience in design of SC200. In order to increase turn separation and extraction efficiency, resonant precessional extraction method is employed in the extraction system. A first harmonic field consistent with the Gaussian distribution is added to introduce beam precessional motion. Its effects on phase space evolution and turn separation increase is studied by a high efficiency beam dynamics simulation code. According to the study, its amplitude and phase have been optimized to meet the requirements of extraction beam dynamics. Based on beam dynamics simulation, the parameters of extraction system elements (two electrostatic deflectors and six magnetic channels) are chosen. Besides, the effects of sectors spiral direction on beam extraction are studied. Extraction efficiencies and beam parameters have been calculated.

Poster MOP004 [1.696 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP004

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paper received ※ 14 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOP006

The Design and Simulation on the Extraction System for CYCIAE-50

proton, cyclotron, extraction, radiation

35

S. An, F.P. Guan, P. Huang, L.Y. Ji, M. Li, Y.L. Lv, S.M. Wei, L.P. Wen, H.D. Xie, J.S. Xing, T.J. Zhang, X. Zheng
CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

A 50 MeV H⁻ compact cyclotron (CYCIAE-50) as a proton irradiation facility is under construction at China Institute of Atomic Energy. The proton beam with the energy of 30 MeV to 50 MeV and the current of 10 uA will be extracted by a single stripping extraction system. In order to reduce the beam loss, the combination magnet is fixed inside the magnetism yoke. The positions of stripping points for the different extraction energy are calculated and the extracted beam trajectories after stripping foil are simulated in detail in this paper. The extracted beam distribution after stripping foil and the extracted beam characters will be studied in this paper. The beam parameters after extraction will be given by the extracting orbit simulation. The design on the whole stripping extraction system has been finished and will be presented in this paper.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP006

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paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOP013

Mechanical Modifications of the Median Plane for the Superconducting Cyclotron Upgrade

extraction, cyclotron, superconducting-magnet, vacuum

51

G. Gallo, L. Allegra, L. Calabretta, A.C. Caruso, G. Costa, E. Messina, M.S. Musumeci, D. Rifuggiato, E. Zappalà
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy

The Superconducting Cyclotron (CS) is a three sectors, compact accelerator with a wide operating diagram, capable of accelerating heavy ions with q/A from 0.1 to 0.5 up to energies from 2 to 100 MeV/u. Recently a significant upgrade has been proposed to increase the light ion beam intensity by means of extraction by stripping. For the implementation of the new extraction mode, many relevant modifications are needed in the median plane. The biggest upgrade action is the replacement of the present superconducting magnet with a new one, compatible with the beam trajectory and envelope in the extraction by stripping. The extraction by stripping mode implies the installation of two stripper systems, one in a hill and the other in a valley, that allow to extract all the ions requested by the users. Finally, since the present electrostatic extraction mode will be maintained, several relevant mechanical issues have to be faced when switching from one extraction mode to the other one, the location of one electrostatic deflector being the same as the stripper system. The focus of this paper will be the presentation of the different mechanical features involved in the upgrade.

Poster MOP013 [1.583 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP013

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paper received ※ 12 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOP014

3D Magnetic Optimization of the New Extraction Channel for the LNS Superconducting Cyclotron

cyclotron, extraction, focusing, acceleration

54

L. Neri, L. Allegra, L. Calabretta, G. Costa, G. D’Agostino, G. Gallo, D. Rifuggiato, A.D. Russo, G. Torrisi
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy

The upgrade of the Superconducting Cyclotron operating at INFN-LNS is the main objective of the general upgrade of the LNS facility, consisting in the enhancement of light ion beam intensity. To overcome the present maximum power of 100 W of the beam extracted by electrostatic deflector and achieve a beam power as high as 10 kW, the implementation of the extraction by stripping method has been proposed. Intense ion beams with mass in the range 10 to 40 amu (12C, 18O, 20Ne, 40Ar) in the energy range of interest (15-70 MeV/u) will be delivered to the NUMEN experiment, as well as used for production of in-flight radioactive beams. The present work consists in the optimization of the magnetic channels needed to limit the radial and axial beam envelopes. The design of the magnetic channels has been accomplished by fully three-dimensional magneto-static simulations using Comsol Multiphysics and a custom transport code developed in Matlab along the last year at INFN-LNS. The effect of a magnetic shielding structure in the extraction channel is presented, together with the possibility of producing a magnetic gradient from an asymmetric coil.

Poster MOP014 [2.968 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP014

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paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOP018

Simulation of the Axial Injection Beam Line of DC140 Cyclotron of FLNR JINR

cyclotron, injection, ECR, radiation

66

N.Yu. Kazarinov, J. Franko, G.G. Gulbekyan, I.A. Ivanenko, I.V. Kalagin
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reaction of Joint Institute for Nuclear Research carries out the works under creating FLNR JINR Irradiation Facility based on the cyclotron DC140. The facility is intended for SEE testing of microchip, for production of track membranes and for solving of applied physics problems. The main systems of DC140 are based on the DC72 cyclotron ones that now are under reconstruction. The DC140 cyclotron is intended for acceleration of heavy ions with mass-to-charge ratio A/Z within interval from 5 to 5.5 up to two fixed energies 2.136 and 4.8 MeV per unit mass. The intensity of the accelerated ions will be about 1 pµAmps for light ions (A<86) and about 0.1 pµAmps for heavier ions (A>132). The injection into cyclotron will be realized from the external room temperature 18 GHz ECR ion source. The simulation of the axial injection system of the cyclotron is presented in this report.

Poster MOP018 [1.331 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP018

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paper received ※ 29 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOP020

Simulation of the Beam Extraction System of DC140 Cyclotron of FLNR JINR

cyclotron, extraction, radiation, betatron

73

N.Yu. Kazarinov, G.G. Gulbekyan, I.A. Ivanenko
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reaction of Joint Institute for Nuclear Research carries out the works under creating FLNR JINR Irradiation Facility based on the cyclotron DC140. The facility is intended for SEE testing of microchip, for production of track membranes and for solving of applied physics problems. The main systems of DC140 are based on the DC72 cyclotron ones that now are under reconstruction. The DC140 cyclotron is intended for acceleration of heavy ions with mass-to-charge ratio A/Z within interval from 5 to 5.5 up to two fixed energies 2.136 and 4.8 MeV per unit mass. The intensity of the accelerated ions will be about 1 pµAmps for light ions (A<86) and about 0.1 pµAmps for heavier ions (A>132). The beam extraction system consists of electrostatic deflector and two magnetic channels. The simulation of the extraction system of the cyclotron is presented in this report. The extracted beams characteristics outside the cyclotron, that will serve as initial conditions for the design of experimental beam lines of FLNR JINR IF are determined.

Poster MOP020 [9.336 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP020

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paper received ※ 29 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOP024

Development of a Replacement for the Long Radial Probe in the Ring Cyclotron

cyclotron, vacuum, plasma, cavity

86

R. Dölling, G.G. Gamma, V. Ovinnikov, M. Rohrer, P. Rüttimann, R. Senn
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

The long radial probe in PSI’s Ring cyclotron delivers a radial pattern of all but the first few turns. In recent years, the measurement has been plagued by artefacts and mechanical problems. We report here on the development of a replacement, which should also provide a more flexible basis for extended measurement capabilities.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP024

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paper received ※ 20 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOP029

Design and Manufacture of 10 kW, 83.2 MHz 4-way Power Combiner for Solid State Amplifier

insertion, ISOL, coupling, target

97

D.H. Ha, J.-S. Chai, Kh.M. Gad, M. Ghergherehchi, H.S. Kim, J.C. Lee, H. Namgoong
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea

The purpose of this study is to improve the insertion loss of a 20 kW solid-state RF power amplifier and the power coupling efficiency by reducing reflected power. For this purpose, a power combiner, which is a core component of a solid-state RF power amplifier, was designed and fabricated. The 4-way power combiner employs the Wilkinson type, which has excellent power coupling efficiency and isolation, and operates at 83.2 MHz. This paper covers the design and cold test results.

Poster MOP029 [1.396 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP029

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paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOP031

Design of High Sensitive Magnet and Beam Dynamics for AMS Cyclotron

cyclotron, ion-source, extraction, radio-frequency

103

H. Namgoong, J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi, D.H. Ha, H.S. Kim, J.C. Lee
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea

To produce a carbon-14 for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS), AMS Cyclotron magnet was designed. For the AMS system, Cyclotron magnet has been required high mass resolution. In order to realize high mass resolution, the phase error is designed within ±10 and the mass resolution was 5000. We used CST particle studio and Cyclone for beam dynamics simulation of this cyclotron magnet. This paper describes the AMS cyclotron magnet and beam dynamics design.

Poster MOP031 [2.281 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP031

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paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOP034

Beam Stripping Interactions Implemented in Cyclotrons with OPAL Simulation Code

cyclotron, electron, vacuum, experiment

109

P. Calvo, C. Oliver
CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
A. Adelmann, M. Frey, A. Gsell, J. Snuverink
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

Beam transmission optimization and losses characterization, where beam stripping interactions are a key issue, play an important role in the design and operation of compact cyclotrons. A beam stripping model has been implemented in the three-dimensional object-oriented parallel code OPAL-cycl, a flavor of the OPAL framework. The model includes Monte Carlo methods for interaction with residual gas and dissociation by electromagnetic stripping. The model has been verified with theoretical models and it has been applied to the AMIT cyclotron according to design conditions.

Poster MOP034 [0.880 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP034

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paper received ※ 12 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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TUB02

JINR PROJECTS of CYCLOTRON FOR PROTON THERAPY

cyclotron, cavity, proton, extraction

140

O. Karamyshev, K. Bunyatov, S. Gurskiy, G.A. Karamysheva, D.P. Popov, G. Shirkov, S.G. Shirkov, V.L. Smirnov, S.B. Vorozhtsov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
V. Malinin
JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia

Physical design of the compact superconducting cyclotron SC230 (91.5MHz) has been performed. The cyclotron can deliver up to 230 MeV beam for proton therapy and medico-biological research. As the cyclotron will have a relatively small magnet field, it is possible to use both superconducting and resistive coil. Besides a superconducting cyclotron we simulate design of the cyclotron with a conventional copper water-cooled coil. Such a solution allows us to achieve a lower price compared to superconducting options, but it becomes a bit heavier.

Slides TUB02 [8.397 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUB02

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paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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TUB03

MRI-Guided-PT: Integrating an MRI in a Proton Therapy System

proton, HOM, GUI, FEM

144

E. van der Kraaij, J. Smeets
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
L. Bertora, A. Carrozzi, A. Serra
ASG, Genova, Italy
S. Gantz, A. Hoffmann, L. Karsch, A. Lühr, J. Pawelke, S. Schellhammer
OncoRay, Dresden, Germany
B. Oborn
CMRP, Wollongong, Australia

Integration of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in proton therapy (PT) has the potential to improve tumor-targeting precision. However, it is technically challenging to integrate an MRI scanner at the beam isocenter of a PT system due to space constraints and electromagnetic interactions between the two systems. We assessed the technical risks and challenges, and present a concept for the mechanical integration of a 0.5T MRI scanner (ASG MR-Open) into a PT gantry (IBA ProteusONE). Finite element simulations assess the perturbation of the gantry’s elements on the homogeneity of the scanner’s static magnetic field. MC simulations estimate the effect of the scanner’s magnetic field on the proton dose deposition. To test the technical feasibility, a first experimental setup was realized at the PT center in Dresden, combining a 0.22T open MRI scanner with a static proton beam line. Results show that the image quality is not degraded by proton beam irradiation if the acquisition is synchronized with beam line operation. The beam energy dependent proton beam deflection due to the scanner’s magnetic field is significant and needs to be corrected for in treatment planning and dose delivery.

Slides TUB03 [1.866 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUB03

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paper received ※ 14 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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TUP006

The Injection and Chopper-Based System at Arronax C70XP Cyclotron

injection, experiment, cyclotron, solenoid

159

F. Poirier, F. Bulteau-harel, T. Durand, X. Goiziou, C. Koumeir, A. Sengar, H. Trichet
Cyclotron ARRONAX, Saint-Herblain, France
G. Blain, M. Fattahi, F. Haddad, J. Vandenborre
SUBATECH, Nantes, France
S. Chiavassa, G. Delpon
ICO, Saint - Herblain, France
F. Poirier
CNRS - DR17, RENNES, France

Funding: This work has been, in part, supported by grants from the French National Agency for Research, Arronax-Plus n°ANR-11-EQPX-0004, IRON n°ANR-11-LABX-18-01 and Next n°ANR-16-IDEX-0007.
The multi-particle cyclotron of the Arronax Public Interest Group (GIP) is used to perform irradiation up to hundreds of µA on various experiments and targets. To support low and high average intensity usage and adapt the beam time structure required for high peak intensity operation and experiments such as pulsed experiments studies, it has been devised a pulsing system in the injection of the cyclotron. This system combines the use of a chopper, low frequency switch, and a control system based on the new extended EPICS network. This paper details the pulsing system adopted at Arronax, updates and results for various intensity experimental studies performed with alpha and proton beams. Updated work on the simulation of the injection is also shown, specifically towards high intensity future irradiation.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP006

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paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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TUP010

Buncher for the Optimization of the Injection of a 70 MeV Cyclotron

emittance, cyclotron, injection, ion-source

173

P. Antonini, A. Lombardi, M. Maggiore, L. Pranovi
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
L. Buriola
Univ. degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy

The design of an injection buncher for the 70 MeV cyclotron in use at LNL labs of INFN is under way. This buncher is to be installed between the ion source and the injection, to match the injected beam to the acceptance angle of the injection. The planned design is a 3/2 beta-λ double-gap driven with one or two harmonics of the 56 MHz RF frequency. Remotely-driven variable capacitors will be used for easy tuning of the matching box from the control system. The mechanical layout and simulations will be presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP010

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paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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TUP011

Upgrade of the Central Region of the Superconducting Cyclotron at INFN-LNS

cyclotron, extraction, injection, acceleration

177

G. D’Agostino, L. Calabretta, D. Rifuggiato
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
W.J.G.M. Kleeven
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

The Superconducting Cyclotron (CS) at INFN-LNS is regularly operated with beam power up to 100 W. The present efforts in upgrading the cyclotron are directed towards an increase of beam power up to 10 kW for ions with mass number A < 40 and energies between 15 and 70 AMeV by means of increase of beam intensity. Moreover, a beam energy resolution of 0.1% is requested by the NUMEN project at INFN-LNS. We plan to achieve high beam power by increasing the efficiency of the injection and extraction processes. The current extraction efficiency is lower than 60%. We expect to increase it to a value close to 100% by extracting the specific ion beams by stripping and no longer by electrostatic deflectors. A spiral inflector is used to bent onto the median plane the ion beams produced by the two ECR ion sources. Including the effect of a drift buncher placed in the axial injection line, the current injection efficiency is about 15%. The study of an upgraded CS central region is ongoing at INFN-LNS. First results of simulation study aimed to increase the injection efficiency are presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP011

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paper received ※ 14 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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TUP014

Deflecting System Upgrade Initial Simulations for 37 MeV Cyclotron at NPI Řež

extraction, cyclotron, septum, proton

185

T. Matlocha
NPI, Řež near Prague, Czech Republic

NPI Řež U-120M multi-particle variable energy cyclotron system for positive ions extraction consists of three electrostatic deflectors, one active magnetic channel and an electromagnetic bump exciter. The deflectors transmission ratio for deuterons, alpha particles and Helium 3 ions is rather low, usually about 10%, for protons it is far below 5%. Based on an experience from other cyclotron laboratories, the general concept of the extraction system has been modified and the last two electrostatic deflectors were replaced with two magnetic channels. In the early stage of the upgrade, simulations were performed for protons at 28 MeV and Helium 3 ions at 44 MeV with and without the magnetic bump exciter. The extraction efficiency and beam losses along the extraction path are evaluated. The presented modified extraction system simulations suggest promising results. The total transmission ratio of the deflecting system has increased significantly, allowing work to continue and expect a positive final result.

Poster TUP014 [1.241 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP014

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paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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WEB03

Factors Influencing the Vortex Effect in High-Intensity Cyclotrons

cyclotron, bunching, space-charge, acceleration

270

C. Baumgarten
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

We discuss factors that have potential influence on the space charge induced vortex motion of particles within high intensity bunches (curling of bunches, Gordon 1969) in isochronous cyclotrons. The influence of the phase slip due to deviations from strict isochronism determines if the bunches of a specific turn are above, below or at "transition", and hence whether stable vortex motion of the bunches is possible at all. Secondly there are possible longitudinal and transverse effects of rf acceleration, the former depending on the bunch phase ("bunching" or "debunching"), the latter depending on the gradient of the accelerating voltage. High accelerating voltages in the first turns call the applicability of adiabatic approximations and analytic methods into question. The influence of the rf acceleration is expected to be significant only at low beam energy, i.e. should have small or even negligible effect beyond the central region of compact machines.

Slides WEB03 [1.145 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-WEB03

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paper received ※ 16 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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WEB04

BDSIM Simulation of the Complete Radionuclide Production Beam Line from Beam Splitter to Target Station at the PSI Cyclotron Facility

proton, septum, target, cyclotron

275

H. Zhang, R. Eichler, J. Grillenberger, W. Hirzel, S. Joray, D.C. Kiselev, J.M. Schippers, J. Snuverink, R. Sobbia, A. Sommerhalder, Z. Talip, N.P. van der Meulen
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
L.J. Nevay
Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom
L.J. Nevay
JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom

The beam line for radionuclide production on the PSI Cyclotron Facility starts with an electrostatic beam splitter, which peels protons of a few tens of microampere from a beam around two milliampere. The peeled beam is then guided onto a target station for routine production of a variety of radionuclides [1]. Beam Delivery Simulation (BDSIM), a Geant4 based simulation tool, enables the simulation of not only beam transportation through optics elements like dipoles and quadrupoles, but also particle passage through components like collimator and degrader [2-3]. Furthermore, BDSIM facilitates user built elements with accompanying electromagnetic field, which is essential for the modeling of the first element of the beam line, the electrostatic beam splitter. With a model including all elements from beam splitter to target, BDSIM simulation delivers a better specification of the beam along the complete line, for example, beam profile, beam transmission, energy spectrum, as well as power deposit, which is of importance not only for present operation but also for further development.
REFERENCES
[1] M. Olivo and H. W. Reist, Proc. EPAC’88, Rome, Italy, June 1988, pp. 1300-1302.
[2] www.pp.rhul.ac.uk/bdsim
[3] S. Agostinelli, et al, Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. A(3) 250-303.

Slides WEB04 [4.761 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-WEB04

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paper received ※ 13 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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THA01

Precise Modelling and Large Scale Multiobjective Optimisation of Cyclotrons

cyclotron, framework

284

J. Snuverink, A. Adelmann, C. Baumgarten, M. Frey
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

The usage of numerical models to study the evolution of particle beams is an essential step in the design process of particle accelerators. However, uncertainties of input quantities such as beam energy and magnetic field lead to simulation results that do not fully agree with measurements. Hence the machine will behave differently compared to the simulations. In case of cyclotrons such discrepancies affect the overall turn pattern or alter the number of turns. Inaccuracies at the PSI Ring cyclotron that may harm the isochronicity are compensated by 18 trim coils. Trim coils are often absent in simulations or their implementation is simplistic. A realistic trim coil model within the simulation framework OPAL is presented. It was used to match the turn pattern of the PSI Ring. Due to the high-dimensional search space consisting of 48 simulation input parameters and 182 objectives (i.e. turns) simulation and measurement cannot be matched in a straightforward manner. Instead, an evolutionary multi-objective optimisation with more than 8000 simulations per iteration together with a local search approach was applied that reduced the maximum error to 4.5 mm over all 182 turns.

Slides THA01 [6.834 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-THA01

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paper received ※ 25 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 27 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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THD03

An Improved Concept for Self-Extraction Cyclotrons

extraction, cyclotron, ion-source, site

330

W.J.G.M. Kleeven, E. Forton
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

A study is made for an improved concept of self-extraction in low and medium energy cyclotrons to be used for production of medical isotopes. The prototype of the self-extracting cyclotron was realized around the year 2001*. From this machine, currents higher than 1 mA were extracted and transported to a Pd-10³ production target. However, at the higher intensities, the extraction efficiency was dropping to about 70-75%, and the extracted emittance was rather poor, leading to additional losses in the beamline. Several improvements of the original concept are proposed: i) the beam coherent oscillation (as needed for good extraction) is no longer generated with harmonic coils, but is obtained from a significant off-centring of the ion source, ii) the cyclotron magnet has perfect 2-fold symmetry, allowing the placement of two internal sources and dual extraction on two opposite hill sectors, iii) a substantial improvement of the magnetic profile of the hill sectors. Simulations show an extraction efficiency up to almost 95% and emittances at least a factor 3 lower as compared to the original design. The new magnetic design is shown, and results of beam simulation are discussed.
* W. Kleeven et al., 16th Int. Conf. Cycl. Appl. 2001, East-Lansing.

Slides THD03 [4.060 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-THD03

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paper received ※ 19 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 27 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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FRA03

Energy Reduction of Varian’s ProBeam 250 MeV Cyclotron to 226 MeV

cyclotron, extraction, proton, MMI

344

A. Roth, E.M. Akcöltekin, O. Boldt, F. Klarner, H. Röcken, T. Stephani, J.C. Wittschen
VMS-PT, Troisdorf, Germany

With its superconducting 250 MeV isochronous proton cyclotron AC250, Varian uses a powerful accelerator for the ProBeam particle therapy systems. However, data from clinical operation has shown that the vast majority of treatments is only making use of proton ranges of less than 30 cm WET (water equivalent thickness), i.e. beam energy of 218 MeV at the patient. This led to a decision at Varian in Dec 2018 to conduct a redesign program with the goal to reduce extraction energy of the ProBeam cyclotron to 226 MeV. We present beam dynamics simulations for the AC226 beam acceleration and extraction. They actually show that only a reduced main coil current and adapted magnetic shimming process, as well as a slightly lower RF frequency is needed for re-tune. Furthermore, results indicate that a similar performance as compared to the AC250 can be expected. A first of its kind (FOIK) AC226 cyclotron is built by seamless integration into Varian’s production process. The magnetic field measurement and shimming is completed, in-house RF and beam commissioning is planned for autumn 2019. We report on the status of the FOIK machine.

Slides FRA03 [4.697 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-FRA03

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paper received ※ 14 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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FRB03

3D Radio Frequency Simulation of the INFN-LNS Superconducting Cyclotron

cyclotron, cavity, experiment, extraction

361

G. Torrisi, L. Allegra, L. Calabretta, A.C. Caruso, G. Costa, G. Gallo, A. Longhitano, L. Neri, D. Rifuggiato
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy

An upgrade plan of the Superconducting Cyclotron operating at INFN-LNS is ongoing. In this paper, a 3D numerical model of the Cyclotron radio frequency cavity is presented. Simulations include the coaxial sliding shorts, liner vacuum chamber, coupler, trimming capacitor and the Dees structures. CST microwave studio software has been used for numerical computation. RF simulations are mandatory also in order to analyze the field in the beam region and evaluate the impact of different Dees geometry and eventual field asymmetries. Moreover, 3D COMSOL Multiphysics simulations have been carried out in order to couple the electromagnetic field solution to a custom beam-dynamics code developed in Matlab as a future plan. Time evolution of accelerated beam and electromagnetic field make also possible to verify the magnetic field synchronization. Experimental validation of the developed model will be also presented.

Slides FRB03 [19.931 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-FRB03

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paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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