Cyclotrons2019 - List of Keywords (radiation)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOP006	The Design and Simulation on the Extraction System for CYCIAE-50	proton, cyclotron, extraction, simulation	35
	S. An, F.P. Guan, P. Huang, L.Y. Ji, M. Li, Y.L. Lv, S.M. Wei, L.P. Wen, H.D. Xie, J.S. Xing, T.J. Zhang, X. Zheng CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	A 50 MeV H⁻ compact cyclotron (CYCIAE-50) as a proton irradiation facility is under construction at China Institute of Atomic Energy. The proton beam with the energy of 30 MeV to 50 MeV and the current of 10 uA will be extracted by a single stripping extraction system. In order to reduce the beam loss, the combination magnet is fixed inside the magnetism yoke. The positions of stripping points for the different extraction energy are calculated and the extracted beam trajectories after stripping foil are simulated in detail in this paper. The extracted beam distribution after stripping foil and the extracted beam characters will be studied in this paper. The beam parameters after extraction will be given by the extracting orbit simulation. The design on the whole stripping extraction system has been finished and will be presented in this paper.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP006
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP010	A 50 MeV Proton Beam Line Design	proton, cyclotron, target, quadrupole	45
	S.M. Wei, S. An, L.L. Guan, Y.L. Lv CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	The cyclotron Center at the China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) is now developing a medium-energy proton irradiation device that provides a proton beam with an energy range of 30 MeV to 50 MeV to simulate a space proton radiation environment, which has a significant impact on spacecraft. A beam transport line is designed for irradiation effect study based on the 50 MeV compact cyclotron, which requires continuous adjustment of the beam energy and the beam spot on the target requires high uniformity. The proton beam extracted from the cyclotron is adjusted to the energy required by using the degrader, then the proton beam is bended and focused. In order to obtain uniform large-diameter beam spot on the target, a wobbling magnet is installed on the beam line to uniformly sweep the proton beam on the target and finally obtain the proton beam with energy of 30 MeV - 50 MeV, current of 10 uA and beam spot of 20 cm * 20 cm on the target.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP010
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP018	Simulation of the Axial Injection Beam Line of DC140 Cyclotron of FLNR JINR	cyclotron, injection, ECR, simulation	66
	N.Yu. Kazarinov, J. Franko, G.G. Gulbekyan, I.A. Ivanenko, I.V. Kalagin JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reaction of Joint Institute for Nuclear Research carries out the works under creating FLNR JINR Irradiation Facility based on the cyclotron DC140. The facility is intended for SEE testing of microchip, for production of track membranes and for solving of applied physics problems. The main systems of DC140 are based on the DC72 cyclotron ones that now are under reconstruction. The DC140 cyclotron is intended for acceleration of heavy ions with mass-to-charge ratio A/Z within interval from 5 to 5.5 up to two fixed energies 2.136 and 4.8 MeV per unit mass. The intensity of the accelerated ions will be about 1 pµAmps for light ions (A<86) and about 0.1 pµAmps for heavier ions (A>132). The injection into cyclotron will be realized from the external room temperature 18 GHz ECR ion source. The simulation of the axial injection system of the cyclotron is presented in this report.
	Poster MOP018 [1.331 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP018
About •	paper received ※ 29 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP020	Simulation of the Beam Extraction System of DC140 Cyclotron of FLNR JINR	cyclotron, extraction, simulation, betatron	73
	N.Yu. Kazarinov, G.G. Gulbekyan, I.A. Ivanenko JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reaction of Joint Institute for Nuclear Research carries out the works under creating FLNR JINR Irradiation Facility based on the cyclotron DC140. The facility is intended for SEE testing of microchip, for production of track membranes and for solving of applied physics problems. The main systems of DC140 are based on the DC72 cyclotron ones that now are under reconstruction. The DC140 cyclotron is intended for acceleration of heavy ions with mass-to-charge ratio A/Z within interval from 5 to 5.5 up to two fixed energies 2.136 and 4.8 MeV per unit mass. The intensity of the accelerated ions will be about 1 pµAmps for light ions (A<86) and about 0.1 pµAmps for heavier ions (A>132). The beam extraction system consists of electrostatic deflector and two magnetic channels. The simulation of the extraction system of the cyclotron is presented in this report. The extracted beams characteristics outside the cyclotron, that will serve as initial conditions for the design of experimental beam lines of FLNR JINR IF are determined.
	Poster MOP020 [9.336 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP020
About •	paper received ※ 29 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUA02	Novel Irradiation Methods for Theranostic Radioisotope Production With Solid Targets at the Bern Medical Cyclotron	target, cyclotron, detector, proton	127
	S. Braccini LHEP, Bern, Switzerland C. Belver-Aguilar, T.S. Carzaniga, G. Dellepiane, P. Haeffner, P. Scampoli AEC, Bern, Switzerland P. Scampoli Naples University Federico II, Napoli, Italy
	The production of medical radioisotopes for theranostics is essential for the development of personalized nuclear medicine. Among them, radiometals can be used to label proteins and peptides and their supply in quantity and quality for clinical applications represents a challenge. A research program is ongoing at the Bern medical cyclotron, where a solid target station with a pneumatic delivery system is in operation. To bombard isotope-enriched materials in form of compressed powders, a specific target coin was realized. To assess the activity at EoB, a system based on a CZT detector was developed. For an optimized production yield with the required radio nuclide purity, precise knowledge of the cross-sections and of the beam energy is crucial. Specific methods were developed to assess these quantities. To further enhance the capabilities of solid target stations at medical cyclotrons, a novel irradiation system based on an ultra-compact ~50 cm long beam line and a two-dimensional beam monitoring detector is under development to bombard targets down to few mg and few mm diameter. The first results on the production of Ga-68, Cu-64, Sc-43, Sc-44 and Sc-47 are presented.
	Slides TUA02 [37.771 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUA02
About •	paper received ※ 13 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUA03	The Use of PSI’s IP2 Beam Line Towards Exotic Radionuclide Development and its Application Towards Proof-Of-Principle Preclinical and Clinical Studies	target, proton, cyclotron, positron	132
	N.P. van der Meulen, R. Eichler, P.V. Grundler, R. Hasler, W. Hirzel, S. Joray, D.C. Kiselev, R. Sobbia, A. Sommerhalder, Z. Talip, H. Zhang PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland S. Braccini AEC, Bern, Switzerland
	Paul Scherrer Institute runs a High Intensity Proton Accelerator (HIPA) facility, where a maximum of 100 µA protons is gleaned from high intensity 72 MeV protons from Injector 2, a separated sector cyclotron, into the IP2 target station. These protons irradiate various targets towards the production of exotic radionuclides intended for medical purposes. Many radiometals in use today are for the diagnosis of disease, with the most popular means of detection being Positron Emission Tomography. These positron emitters are easily produced at low proton energies using medical cyclotrons, however, development at these facilities are lacking. The 72 MeV proton beam is degraded at IP2 using niobium to provide the desired energy to irradiate targets to produce the likes of 44Sc, 43Sc, 64Cu and 165Er,,*. Once developed, these proofs-of-principle are then put into practice at partner facilities. Target holders and degraders require development to optimize irradiation conditions and target cooling. Various options are explored, with pros and cons taken into consideration based on calculations and simulations. v/d Meulen et al., Nucl Med. Biol. (2015) 42: 745 Domnanich et al., EJNMMI Radiopharm. Chemistry (2017) 2: 14 * v/d Meulen et al., J Label Compd Radiopharm (2019) doi: 10.1002/jlcr.3730
	Slides TUA03 [7.449 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUA03
About •	paper received ※ 13 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUP005	Three Years Operation of CYCIAE-100	experiment, neutron, proton, target	156
	T. Ge, L.C. Cao, Z.H. Fu, S.G. Hou, B. Ji, H. Jiang, S.Q. Li, Y.Q. Li, Z.W. Liu, Y.L. Lv, G.F. Pan, L. Wang, L.P. Wen, Z.G. Yin, T.J. Zhang CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	The 100 MeV high intensity proton cyclotron (CYCIAE-100) developed by China Institute of Atomic Energy is a multi-purpose variable energy AVF cyclotron. Its design specifications are: energy from 75 to 100 MeV continuously adjustable, beam intensity 200uA, beam current can be extracted in both directions. CYCIAE-100 was commissioned to extract 100 MeV proton beam for the first time in July 2014. The first physics experiment was carried out in November 2016. By June 2019, the design specifications of CYCIAE-100 was commissioned and the maximum beam power was 52 kW. The beam intensity range from 1 pA to 520 µA is achieved, and the beam stability is about 1% for 8 hours. Several typical physics experiments have been carried out. Such as: The physics experiment of CYCIAE-100 driving ISOL device to generate radioactive nuclear beam, SiC and SRAM proton irradiation experiments, calibration experiment of high-energy proton electron total dose detector probe, etc. At present, the beam time for CYCIAE-100 is about 5,000 hours, providing effective beam time for more than 3,000 hours for many users at home and abroad, and the other beam time for beam development.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP005
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUP012	Upgrade of the iThemba LABS Neutron Beam Vault to a Metrology Facility	neutron, target, proton, experiment	181
	N.B. Ndlovu, P.P. Maleka, F.D. Smit iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa A. Boso NPL, Middlesex, United Kingdom A. Buffler, D. Geduld, T. Hutton, T. Leadbeater UCT Physics, Cape Town, South Africa V. Lacoste IRSN, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France
	Quasi-monoenergetic neutron beams are typically produced at the iThemba LABS fast neutron beam facility by the 7Li(p, xn) or 9Be(p, xn) reactions. With the proton beams available from the separated sector cyclotron, the neutron energy range from about 30 MeV to 200 MeV can be covered almost continuously. The facility first became operational in the late 1980s. The fast neutron beam facility at iThemba LABS has been designated by the National Metrology Institute of South Africa (NMISA) as an entity responsible for providing traceability for the medium and high-energy neutron measurements in South Africa. As a result, the facility is undergoing a major upgrade and development in order for it to meet the requirements for a medium and high-energy neutron metrology facility. As part of the ongoing upgrade, Monte Carlo (MC) simulations aimed at benchmarking the experimental data are ongoing.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP012
About •	paper received ※ 14 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUP017	Manufacturing and Commissioning of Cyclotrons in a Series Production at Varian	MMI, cyclotron, extraction, proton	192
	O. Boldt, M. Eichel, S. Lucht, L. Netterdon, A. Roth, M. Seher, T. Stephani, M. Wiesner VMS-PT, Troisdorf, Germany
	On 16th March 2019, Varian celebrated the 10th anniversary of first patient treatment in the Munich Proton Center, Germany. Since the first cyclotron installation, 22 more 250 MeV superconducting isochronous proton cyclotrons have successfully been manufactured, commissioned, and tested in our Troisdorf production line. During this process, an increasing experience with the cyclotron’s internal mechanisms and underlying physics allowed for a nowadays significant faster commissioning lead time without having changed the hardware setup substantially. Furthermore, we can already verify full clinical performance of each cyclotron in the factory test cells before delivery to the customer. Essential improvements in the areas of qualification of magnetic field configuration, RF conditioning, and beam commissioning are presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP017
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUP020	Beam Properties at the Experimental Target Station of the Proton Therapy in Berlin	proton, experiment, scattering, HOM	199
	J. Bundesmann, A. Denker, J. Holz auf der Heide HZB, Berlin, Germany
	Beside the Therapy station for ocular tumors we have an experimental area to deliver protons and other ions. At this place there is also the possibility to do High Energy Pixe measurements on samples from cultural heritage. The positioning of the samples under test is possible by means of an xy-table with an range of 500x500 mm² and a load of at least 50 kg, reproducibility ±0.1 mm. We can change the beam size between 1 mm diameter as focused beam and up to 50 mm diameter with different scattering foils and homogeneous dose spread. We can deliver beam intensities from single protons up to 10¹² protons/cm² * sec The energy can be set to 68 MeV with a single Bragg peak, spread out Bragg peaks with a mechanical range shifter or absorber plates to reduce the energy. The timing properties range from quasi DC to a single pulse width of 1 ns with a repetition rate up to 2.4 MHz. Instead of a scattering foil to increase the beam spots we also can use beam scanning with the focused beam to reduce the beam losses. We will show the different beam properties at the experimental target area for radiation hardness testing of solar cells, optical elements and electronics under test.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP020
About •	paper received ※ 14 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUP021	Towards FLASH Proton Irradiation at HZB	proton, target, cyclotron, experiment	202
	G. Kourkafas, J. Bundesmann, A. Denker, T. Fanselow, J. Röhrich HZB, Berlin, Germany V.H. Ehrhardt, J. Gollrad, J. Heufelder, A. Weber Charite, Berlin, Germany
	The HZB cyclotron has been providing protons for eye-tumor treatment for more than 20 years. While it has been very successful using conventional dose rates (15-20 Gy/min), recent studies indicate that rapid irradiation with very high dose rates (FLASH) might be equally efficient against tumors but less harmful to healthy tissues. The flexible operation schemes of the HZB cyclotron can provide beams with variable intensities and time structures, covering a wide unexplored regime within the FLASH requirements (>40 Gy/s in <500 ms). This paper presents the results of the first FLASH beam production at HZB towards the establishment of an in-vivo clinical irradiation in the future.
	Poster TUP021 [1.031 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP021
About •	paper received ※ 12 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUP025	Feasibility Study for Converting the CS-30 Into a Variable Energy Cyclotron for Isotopes Production Using the Internal Target System	target, cyclotron, proton, extraction	212
	H.A. Kassim KSU, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia H.F. Akhdar Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia F.M. Alrumayan, A.M. Hendy King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
	Funding: This project was supported by the NSTIP Strategic Technologies Program in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, award no. 14-MAT-1233-20. This paper reports a method to reduce the beam energy of the CS-30 cyclotron from 26.5 up to 10 MeV using the internal target system in CS-30 cyclotrons for isotopes production. Irradiation of solid targets, in this type of cyclotrons, take place when the target is positioned horizontally inside the cyclotron tank. In its final position, the target plate interrupts the beam from completing its orbit and nuclear reactions take place. Calculations are made to determine the beam energy as a function of radius. Verification of the new method was achieved by producing pure Ga-68 at an energy level of 11.5 MeV. [1] Gordon, M. M., Calculation of isochronous fields for sector-focused cyclotrons, Part. Accel., 13 (1983) 67-84 [2] Smith, Lloyd, ORBIT DYNAMICS IN THE SPIRAL-RIDGED CYCLOTRON, (2010) [3] Kleeven, W. J. G. M., Theory of accelerated orbits and space charge effects in an AVF cyclotron Eindhoven: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, (1988)DOI: 10.6100/IR288492
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP025
About •	paper received ※ 13 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUP026	Embedded Local Controller for the CS-30 Cyclotron	controls, cyclotron, ISOL, interface	215
	A.M. Hendy, F.M. Alrumayan King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia H.A. Kassim KSU, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
	Funding: This project was supported by the NSTIP Strategic Technologies Program in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, award no. 14-MAT-1233-20. The Embedded Local Controller is used for the purpose of upgrading our old CS-30 cyclotron control system. It is installed inside the cyclotron vault and connected to the control room using CAN serial bus. This is to avoid adding more wires from cyclotron vault to the outside, because there is no room for extra wires in the feedthrough conduits. The system is carefully designed to be fault tolerant so that it can run in a radiation environment without failure. Details of the design and field test results are presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP026
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUP031	Design and Construction Progress of Cyclotron Based Proton Irradiation Facility for Space Science	cyclotron, proton, ion-source, cavity	230
	Y.L. Lv, S. An, T. Cui, T. Ge, B. Ji, X.L. Jia, S.L. Wang, T.J. Zhang CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	The proton irradiation facility for space science research and application consists of a 50 MeV proton cyclotron, two beam lines and two radiation effect simulation experimental target station. The 50 MeV proton cyclotron (CYCIAE-50) is a compact negative hydrogen ion cyclotron with the proton beam energy from 30 MeV to 50 MeV, and the beam intensity is from 10 nA to 10 uA. The cyclotron is about 3.2 m in diameter, 3.5 m in total height and 80 tons in total weight. The diameter of the pole is 2000 mm, the outer diameter of the yoke is 3200 mm, and the height of magnet is 1500 mm. The cyclotron uses an external multi-cusp H⁻ ion source. Then the H⁻ beam is injected into the accelerating orbit by the spiral inflector. The cyclotron frequency is about 16 MHz. The RF system is a pair of λ/2 RF cavities driven by a 25 kW transmitter. The fourth harmonic accelerating frequency is about 65 MHz. The proton beam is extracted by a single movable stripping carbon foil with the stripping extraction efficiency of 99%. The 50 MeV cyclotron has now been designed in detail, and its main components, such as the main magnets and RF cavities, are being manufactured in the factories in China.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP031
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUC02	Status of the HZB Cyclotron	proton, cyclotron, controls, experiment	253
	A. Denker, J. Bundesmann, T. Damerow, T. Fanselow, D. Hildebrand, U. Hiller, I. Kailouh, G. Kourkafas, S. Ozierenski, C. Rethfeldt, J. Röhrich, S. Seidel, C. Zimmer HZB, Berlin, Germany D. Cordini, J. Heufelder, R. Stark, A. Weber Charite, Berlin, Germany
	For more than 20 years eye tumours are treated in collaboration with the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin. The close co-operation between Charité and HZB permits joint interdisciplinary research. Irradiations with either a sharp, well focused or a broad beam, either in vacuum or in air are possible. In addition, a 60Co-source for gamma-irradiations is available. Experiments now comprise dosimetry, detector comparisons, ambulant mouse irradiations, including class I gene-modified mice. Furthermore, radiation hardness tests on detectors, CCD-cameras and other electronics are performed. In order to improve the beam diagnosis between the 2 MV injector Tandetron and the cyclotron a harp has been installed, leading to new beam line calculations for the injection line. The accelerator operation for therapy as well as on-going experiments and results will be presented.
	Slides TUC02 [1.965 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUC02
About •	paper received ※ 14 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUC03	AGOR Status Report	cyclotron, operation, experiment, controls	256
	B.N. Jones, S. Brandenburg, M.-J. van Goethem KVI-CART, Groningen, The Netherlands
	Funding: Work supported by EU Horizon 2020 (contract nrs. 654002; 730983) and the Dutch Cancer Foundation KWF project 11766) TThe operations of the superconducting cyclotron AG-OR over the past years will be reviewed. Reliability issues encountered after nearly 25 years of operation and mitigation measures to warrant reliable operation for the coming decade will be discussed. The research performed with AGOR has significantly shifted from fundamental physics to radiation biology and medical radiation physics, both in collaboration with the Groningen Proton Therapy Center, and radiation hardness studies. The radiation biology research will be substantially expanded in the coming years with a new beam line for image guided preclinical research. For this research new dose delivery modalities including scanning, spatial fractionation and very high dose rates are developed. In addition a new program has been started on the production of exotic nuclei, for which a new superconducting solenoid fragment separator will be developed. For the radiation hardness testing a cocktail beam at 30 MeV/amu with several ion species up to Xe has been developed and is now routinely delivered for experiments. A cocktail at 15 MeV/amu up to Bi is under development.
	Slides TUC03 [4.632 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUC03
About •	paper received ※ 14 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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THB04	Development of a Transparent Profiler Based on Secondary Electrons Emission for Charged Particle Beams	electron, proton, detector, cyclotron	302
	C. Thiebaux, Y. Geerebaert, F. Magniette, P. Manigot, M. Verderi LLR, Palaiseau, France G. Blain, F. Haddad, N. Michel, N. Servagent, T. Sounalet SUBATECH, Nantes, France B. Boyer, E. Delagnes, F.T. Gebreyohannes, O. Gevin CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France F. Haddad, C. Koumeir, F. Poirier Cyclotron ARRONAX, Saint-Herblain, France
	Funding: This study is supported by three programs of the Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR-17-CE31-0015, ANR- 11-EQPX-0004 and the LABEX P2IO. The PEPITES project* aims at realizing an operational prototype of an ultra-thin, radiation-resistant profiler able to permanently operate on mid-energy (O(100 MeV)) charged particle accelerators. PEPITES uses secondary electron emission (SEE) for the signal because it requires only a minimal thickness of material (10 nm); very linear, it also offers a great dynamic. The lateral beam profile is sampled using segmented electrodes, constructed by thin film methods. Gold strips, as thin as the electrical conductivity allows (~ 50 nm), are deposited on an as thin as possible insulating substrate. When crossing the gold, the beam ejects the electrons by SEE, the current thus formed in each strip allows the sampling. The technique was validated at ARRONAX with 68 MeV proton beams for intensities from 100 fA to 10 nA. SEE is characterized up to 100 nA at ARRONAX and medical energies at CPO*. Electrodes were subjected to doses of up to 10⁹ Gy without showing significant degradation. A demonstrator with dedicated electronics (CEA) will be installed at ARRONAX and used routinely. The performances of the system and its behavior over time will thus be characterized. LLR, ARRONAX cyclotron and CEA **Orsay Protontherapy Center (Institut Curie)
	Slides THB04 [16.785 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-THB04
About •	paper received ※ 13 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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FRA04	Cyclotrons Based Facilities for Single Event Effects Testing of Spacecraft Electronics	electron, heavy-ion, detector, proton	348
	P.A. Chubunov, A.S. Bychkov ISDE, Moscow, Russia V.S. Anashin, A.E. Koziukov United Rocket and Space Corporation, Institute of Space Device Engineering, Moscow, Russia I.V. Kalagin, S.V. Mitrofanov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	Space radiation is the main factor limiting the operation time of the onboard equipment of the spacecraft due to the radiation effects occurring in the electronic components. With a decrease in the size of semiconductor structures, the sensitivity to the effects of individual nuclear particles increases and hitting one such particle can cause an upset or even failure of a component or system as a whole. Since the phenomenon occurs due to the impact of a separate particle, these radiation effects are called Single Event Effects (SEE). To be sure that the electronic component is operational in space, ground tests are necessary. SEE tests are carried out on test facilities that allow accelerating heavy ions from C to Bi to energies from 3 to a few dozen MeV/A. Cyclotrons are best suited for this purpose. In this paper, the installations created by request of ISDE based on the cyclotrons of FLNR JINR are described.
	Slides FRA04 [0.849 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-FRA04
About •	paper received ※ 17 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 27 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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FRB02	FLNR JINR Accelerator Complex for Applied Physics Researches: State-of-Art and Future	cyclotron, heavy-ion, electron, experiment	358
	S.V. Mitrofanov, P.Yu. Apel, V. Bashevoy, V. Bekhterev, S.L. Bogomolov, J. Franko, B. Gikal, G.G. Gulbekyan, I.A. Ivanenko, I.V. Kalagin, N.Yu. Kazarinov, V. Mironov, V.A. Semin, V.A. Skuratov, A. Tikhomirov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	The main activities of FLNR, following its name – are related to fundamental science, but, in parallel, plenty of efforts are paid for practical applications. Certain amount of beam time every year is spent for applied science experiments on FLNR accelerator complex. The main directions are the production of the heterogeneousμ- and nano-structured materials; testing of electronic components (avionics and space electronics) for radiation hardness; ion-implantation nanotechnology and radiation materials science. Status of all these activities, its modern trends and needs will be reported. Basing on FLNR long term experience in these fields and aiming to improve the instrumentation for users, FLNR accelerator department announce the design study for a new cyclotron, DC140, which will be dedicated machine for applied researches in FLNR. Following the users requirements DC140 should accelerate the heavy ions with mass-to-charge ratio A/Z of the range from 5 to 8 up to fixed energies 2 and 4.8 MeV per unit mass. The first outlook of DC140 parameters, its features, layout of its casemate and general overview of the new FLNR facility for applied science will be presented.
	Slides FRB02 [7.680 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-FRB02
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Paper

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MOP006

The Design and Simulation on the Extraction System for CYCIAE-50

proton, cyclotron, extraction, simulation

35

S. An, F.P. Guan, P. Huang, L.Y. Ji, M. Li, Y.L. Lv, S.M. Wei, L.P. Wen, H.D. Xie, J.S. Xing, T.J. Zhang, X. Zheng
CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

A 50 MeV H⁻ compact cyclotron (CYCIAE-50) as a proton irradiation facility is under construction at China Institute of Atomic Energy. The proton beam with the energy of 30 MeV to 50 MeV and the current of 10 uA will be extracted by a single stripping extraction system. In order to reduce the beam loss, the combination magnet is fixed inside the magnetism yoke. The positions of stripping points for the different extraction energy are calculated and the extracted beam trajectories after stripping foil are simulated in detail in this paper. The extracted beam distribution after stripping foil and the extracted beam characters will be studied in this paper. The beam parameters after extraction will be given by the extracting orbit simulation. The design on the whole stripping extraction system has been finished and will be presented in this paper.

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MOP010

A 50 MeV Proton Beam Line Design

proton, cyclotron, target, quadrupole

45

S.M. Wei, S. An, L.L. Guan, Y.L. Lv
CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

The cyclotron Center at the China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) is now developing a medium-energy proton irradiation device that provides a proton beam with an energy range of 30 MeV to 50 MeV to simulate a space proton radiation environment, which has a significant impact on spacecraft. A beam transport line is designed for irradiation effect study based on the 50 MeV compact cyclotron, which requires continuous adjustment of the beam energy and the beam spot on the target requires high uniformity. The proton beam extracted from the cyclotron is adjusted to the energy required by using the degrader, then the proton beam is bended and focused. In order to obtain uniform large-diameter beam spot on the target, a wobbling magnet is installed on the beam line to uniformly sweep the proton beam on the target and finally obtain the proton beam with energy of 30 MeV - 50 MeV, current of 10 uA and beam spot of 20 cm * 20 cm on the target.

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MOP018

Simulation of the Axial Injection Beam Line of DC140 Cyclotron of FLNR JINR

cyclotron, injection, ECR, simulation

66

N.Yu. Kazarinov, J. Franko, G.G. Gulbekyan, I.A. Ivanenko, I.V. Kalagin
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reaction of Joint Institute for Nuclear Research carries out the works under creating FLNR JINR Irradiation Facility based on the cyclotron DC140. The facility is intended for SEE testing of microchip, for production of track membranes and for solving of applied physics problems. The main systems of DC140 are based on the DC72 cyclotron ones that now are under reconstruction. The DC140 cyclotron is intended for acceleration of heavy ions with mass-to-charge ratio A/Z within interval from 5 to 5.5 up to two fixed energies 2.136 and 4.8 MeV per unit mass. The intensity of the accelerated ions will be about 1 pµAmps for light ions (A<86) and about 0.1 pµAmps for heavier ions (A>132). The injection into cyclotron will be realized from the external room temperature 18 GHz ECR ion source. The simulation of the axial injection system of the cyclotron is presented in this report.

Poster MOP018 [1.331 MB]

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MOP020

Simulation of the Beam Extraction System of DC140 Cyclotron of FLNR JINR

cyclotron, extraction, simulation, betatron

73

N.Yu. Kazarinov, G.G. Gulbekyan, I.A. Ivanenko
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reaction of Joint Institute for Nuclear Research carries out the works under creating FLNR JINR Irradiation Facility based on the cyclotron DC140. The facility is intended for SEE testing of microchip, for production of track membranes and for solving of applied physics problems. The main systems of DC140 are based on the DC72 cyclotron ones that now are under reconstruction. The DC140 cyclotron is intended for acceleration of heavy ions with mass-to-charge ratio A/Z within interval from 5 to 5.5 up to two fixed energies 2.136 and 4.8 MeV per unit mass. The intensity of the accelerated ions will be about 1 pµAmps for light ions (A<86) and about 0.1 pµAmps for heavier ions (A>132). The beam extraction system consists of electrostatic deflector and two magnetic channels. The simulation of the extraction system of the cyclotron is presented in this report. The extracted beams characteristics outside the cyclotron, that will serve as initial conditions for the design of experimental beam lines of FLNR JINR IF are determined.

Poster MOP020 [9.336 MB]

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TUA02

Novel Irradiation Methods for Theranostic Radioisotope Production With Solid Targets at the Bern Medical Cyclotron

target, cyclotron, detector, proton

127

S. Braccini
LHEP, Bern, Switzerland
C. Belver-Aguilar, T.S. Carzaniga, G. Dellepiane, P. Haeffner, P. Scampoli
AEC, Bern, Switzerland
P. Scampoli
Naples University Federico II, Napoli, Italy

The production of medical radioisotopes for theranostics is essential for the development of personalized nuclear medicine. Among them, radiometals can be used to label proteins and peptides and their supply in quantity and quality for clinical applications represents a challenge. A research program is ongoing at the Bern medical cyclotron, where a solid target station with a pneumatic delivery system is in operation. To bombard isotope-enriched materials in form of compressed powders, a specific target coin was realized. To assess the activity at EoB, a system based on a CZT detector was developed. For an optimized production yield with the required radio nuclide purity, precise knowledge of the cross-sections and of the beam energy is crucial. Specific methods were developed to assess these quantities. To further enhance the capabilities of solid target stations at medical cyclotrons, a novel irradiation system based on an ultra-compact ~50 cm long beam line and a two-dimensional beam monitoring detector is under development to bombard targets down to few mg and few mm diameter. The first results on the production of Ga-68, Cu-64, Sc-43, Sc-44 and Sc-47 are presented.

Slides TUA02 [37.771 MB]

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TUA03

The Use of PSI’s IP2 Beam Line Towards Exotic Radionuclide Development and its Application Towards Proof-Of-Principle Preclinical and Clinical Studies

target, proton, cyclotron, positron

132

N.P. van der Meulen, R. Eichler, P.V. Grundler, R. Hasler, W. Hirzel, S. Joray, D.C. Kiselev, R. Sobbia, A. Sommerhalder, Z. Talip, H. Zhang
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
S. Braccini
AEC, Bern, Switzerland

Paul Scherrer Institute runs a High Intensity Proton Accelerator (HIPA) facility, where a maximum of 100 µA protons is gleaned from high intensity 72 MeV protons from Injector 2, a separated sector cyclotron, into the IP2 target station. These protons irradiate various targets towards the production of exotic radionuclides intended for medical purposes. Many radiometals in use today are for the diagnosis of disease, with the most popular means of detection being Positron Emission Tomography. These positron emitters are easily produced at low proton energies using medical cyclotrons, however, development at these facilities are lacking. The 72 MeV proton beam is degraded at IP2 using niobium to provide the desired energy to irradiate targets to produce the likes of 44Sc, 43Sc, 64Cu and 165Er*,**,***. Once developed, these proofs-of-principle are then put into practice at partner facilities. Target holders and degraders require development to optimize irradiation conditions and target cooling. Various options are explored, with pros and cons taken into consideration based on calculations and simulations.
* v/d Meulen et al., Nucl Med. Biol. (2015) 42: 745
** Domnanich et al., EJNMMI Radiopharm. Chemistry (2017) 2: 14
*** v/d Meulen et al., J Label Compd Radiopharm (2019) doi: 10.1002/jlcr.3730

Slides TUA03 [7.449 MB]

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TUP005

Three Years Operation of CYCIAE-100

experiment, neutron, proton, target

156

T. Ge, L.C. Cao, Z.H. Fu, S.G. Hou, B. Ji, H. Jiang, S.Q. Li, Y.Q. Li, Z.W. Liu, Y.L. Lv, G.F. Pan, L. Wang, L.P. Wen, Z.G. Yin, T.J. Zhang
CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

The 100 MeV high intensity proton cyclotron (CYCIAE-100) developed by China Institute of Atomic Energy is a multi-purpose variable energy AVF cyclotron. Its design specifications are: energy from 75 to 100 MeV continuously adjustable, beam intensity 200uA, beam current can be extracted in both directions. CYCIAE-100 was commissioned to extract 100 MeV proton beam for the first time in July 2014. The first physics experiment was carried out in November 2016. By June 2019, the design specifications of CYCIAE-100 was commissioned and the maximum beam power was 52 kW. The beam intensity range from 1 pA to 520 µA is achieved, and the beam stability is about 1% for 8 hours. Several typical physics experiments have been carried out. Such as: The physics experiment of CYCIAE-100 driving ISOL device to generate radioactive nuclear beam, SiC and SRAM proton irradiation experiments, calibration experiment of high-energy proton electron total dose detector probe, etc. At present, the beam time for CYCIAE-100 is about 5,000 hours, providing effective beam time for more than 3,000 hours for many users at home and abroad, and the other beam time for beam development.

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TUP012

Upgrade of the iThemba LABS Neutron Beam Vault to a Metrology Facility

neutron, target, proton, experiment

181

N.B. Ndlovu, P.P. Maleka, F.D. Smit
iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa
A. Boso
NPL, Middlesex, United Kingdom
A. Buffler, D. Geduld, T. Hutton, T. Leadbeater
UCT Physics, Cape Town, South Africa
V. Lacoste
IRSN, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France

Quasi-monoenergetic neutron beams are typically produced at the iThemba LABS fast neutron beam facility by the 7Li(p, xn) or 9Be(p, xn) reactions. With the proton beams available from the separated sector cyclotron, the neutron energy range from about 30 MeV to 200 MeV can be covered almost continuously. The facility first became operational in the late 1980s. The fast neutron beam facility at iThemba LABS has been designated by the National Metrology Institute of South Africa (NMISA) as an entity responsible for providing traceability for the medium and high-energy neutron measurements in South Africa. As a result, the facility is undergoing a major upgrade and development in order for it to meet the requirements for a medium and high-energy neutron metrology facility. As part of the ongoing upgrade, Monte Carlo (MC) simulations aimed at benchmarking the experimental data are ongoing.

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TUP017

Manufacturing and Commissioning of Cyclotrons in a Series Production at Varian

MMI, cyclotron, extraction, proton

192

O. Boldt, M. Eichel, S. Lucht, L. Netterdon, A. Roth, M. Seher, T. Stephani, M. Wiesner
VMS-PT, Troisdorf, Germany

On 16th March 2019, Varian celebrated the 10th anniversary of first patient treatment in the Munich Proton Center, Germany. Since the first cyclotron installation, 22 more 250 MeV superconducting isochronous proton cyclotrons have successfully been manufactured, commissioned, and tested in our Troisdorf production line. During this process, an increasing experience with the cyclotron’s internal mechanisms and underlying physics allowed for a nowadays significant faster commissioning lead time without having changed the hardware setup substantially. Furthermore, we can already verify full clinical performance of each cyclotron in the factory test cells before delivery to the customer. Essential improvements in the areas of qualification of magnetic field configuration, RF conditioning, and beam commissioning are presented.

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TUP020

Beam Properties at the Experimental Target Station of the Proton Therapy in Berlin

proton, experiment, scattering, HOM

199

J. Bundesmann, A. Denker, J. Holz auf der Heide
HZB, Berlin, Germany

Beside the Therapy station for ocular tumors we have an experimental area to deliver protons and other ions. At this place there is also the possibility to do High Energy Pixe measurements on samples from cultural heritage. The positioning of the samples under test is possible by means of an xy-table with an range of 500x500 mm² and a load of at least 50 kg, reproducibility ±0.1 mm. We can change the beam size between 1 mm diameter as focused beam and up to 50 mm diameter with different scattering foils and homogeneous dose spread. We can deliver beam intensities from single protons up to 10¹² protons/cm² * sec The energy can be set to 68 MeV with a single Bragg peak, spread out Bragg peaks with a mechanical range shifter or absorber plates to reduce the energy. The timing properties range from quasi DC to a single pulse width of 1 ns with a repetition rate up to 2.4 MHz. Instead of a scattering foil to increase the beam spots we also can use beam scanning with the focused beam to reduce the beam losses. We will show the different beam properties at the experimental target area for radiation hardness testing of solar cells, optical elements and electronics under test.

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TUP021

Towards FLASH Proton Irradiation at HZB

proton, target, cyclotron, experiment

202

G. Kourkafas, J. Bundesmann, A. Denker, T. Fanselow, J. Röhrich
HZB, Berlin, Germany
V.H. Ehrhardt, J. Gollrad, J. Heufelder, A. Weber
Charite, Berlin, Germany

The HZB cyclotron has been providing protons for eye-tumor treatment for more than 20 years. While it has been very successful using conventional dose rates (15-20 Gy/min), recent studies indicate that rapid irradiation with very high dose rates (FLASH) might be equally efficient against tumors but less harmful to healthy tissues. The flexible operation schemes of the HZB cyclotron can provide beams with variable intensities and time structures, covering a wide unexplored regime within the FLASH requirements (>40 Gy/s in <500 ms). This paper presents the results of the first FLASH beam production at HZB towards the establishment of an in-vivo clinical irradiation in the future.

Poster TUP021 [1.031 MB]

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TUP025

Feasibility Study for Converting the CS-30 Into a Variable Energy Cyclotron for Isotopes Production Using the Internal Target System

target, cyclotron, proton, extraction

212

H.A. Kassim
KSU, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
H.F. Akhdar
Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
F.M. Alrumayan, A.M. Hendy
King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Funding: This project was supported by the NSTIP Strategic Technologies Program in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, award no. 14-MAT-1233-20.
This paper reports a method to reduce the beam energy of the CS-30 cyclotron from 26.5 up to 10 MeV using the internal target system in CS-30 cyclotrons for isotopes production. Irradiation of solid targets, in this type of cyclotrons, take place when the target is positioned horizontally inside the cyclotron tank. In its final position, the target plate interrupts the beam from completing its orbit and nuclear reactions take place. Calculations are made to determine the beam energy as a function of radius. Verification of the new method was achieved by producing pure Ga-68 at an energy level of 11.5 MeV.
[1] Gordon, M. M., Calculation of isochronous fields for sector-focused cyclotrons, Part. Accel., 13 (1983) 67-84
[2] Smith, Lloyd, ORBIT DYNAMICS IN THE SPIRAL-RIDGED CYCLOTRON, (2010)
[3] Kleeven, W. J. G. M., Theory of accelerated orbits and space charge effects in an AVF cyclotron Eindhoven: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, (1988)DOI: 10.6100/IR288492

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TUP026

Embedded Local Controller for the CS-30 Cyclotron

controls, cyclotron, ISOL, interface

215

A.M. Hendy, F.M. Alrumayan
King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
H.A. Kassim
KSU, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Funding: This project was supported by the NSTIP Strategic Technologies Program in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, award no. 14-MAT-1233-20.
The Embedded Local Controller is used for the purpose of upgrading our old CS-30 cyclotron control system. It is installed inside the cyclotron vault and connected to the control room using CAN serial bus. This is to avoid adding more wires from cyclotron vault to the outside, because there is no room for extra wires in the feedthrough conduits. The system is carefully designed to be fault tolerant so that it can run in a radiation environment without failure. Details of the design and field test results are presented.

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TUP031

Design and Construction Progress of Cyclotron Based Proton Irradiation Facility for Space Science

cyclotron, proton, ion-source, cavity

230

Y.L. Lv, S. An, T. Cui, T. Ge, B. Ji, X.L. Jia, S.L. Wang, T.J. Zhang
CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

The proton irradiation facility for space science research and application consists of a 50 MeV proton cyclotron, two beam lines and two radiation effect simulation experimental target station. The 50 MeV proton cyclotron (CYCIAE-50) is a compact negative hydrogen ion cyclotron with the proton beam energy from 30 MeV to 50 MeV, and the beam intensity is from 10 nA to 10 uA. The cyclotron is about 3.2 m in diameter, 3.5 m in total height and 80 tons in total weight. The diameter of the pole is 2000 mm, the outer diameter of the yoke is 3200 mm, and the height of magnet is 1500 mm. The cyclotron uses an external multi-cusp H⁻ ion source. Then the H⁻ beam is injected into the accelerating orbit by the spiral inflector. The cyclotron frequency is about 16 MHz. The RF system is a pair of λ/2 RF cavities driven by a 25 kW transmitter. The fourth harmonic accelerating frequency is about 65 MHz. The proton beam is extracted by a single movable stripping carbon foil with the stripping extraction efficiency of 99%. The 50 MeV cyclotron has now been designed in detail, and its main components, such as the main magnets and RF cavities, are being manufactured in the factories in China.

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TUC02

Status of the HZB Cyclotron

proton, cyclotron, controls, experiment

253

A. Denker, J. Bundesmann, T. Damerow, T. Fanselow, D. Hildebrand, U. Hiller, I. Kailouh, G. Kourkafas, S. Ozierenski, C. Rethfeldt, J. Röhrich, S. Seidel, C. Zimmer
HZB, Berlin, Germany
D. Cordini, J. Heufelder, R. Stark, A. Weber
Charite, Berlin, Germany

For more than 20 years eye tumours are treated in collaboration with the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin. The close co-operation between Charité and HZB permits joint interdisciplinary research. Irradiations with either a sharp, well focused or a broad beam, either in vacuum or in air are possible. In addition, a 60Co-source for gamma-irradiations is available. Experiments now comprise dosimetry, detector comparisons, ambulant mouse irradiations, including class I gene-modified mice. Furthermore, radiation hardness tests on detectors, CCD-cameras and other electronics are performed. In order to improve the beam diagnosis between the 2 MV injector Tandetron and the cyclotron a harp has been installed, leading to new beam line calculations for the injection line. The accelerator operation for therapy as well as on-going experiments and results will be presented.

Slides TUC02 [1.965 MB]

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TUC03

AGOR Status Report

cyclotron, operation, experiment, controls

256

B.N. Jones, S. Brandenburg, M.-J. van Goethem
KVI-CART, Groningen, The Netherlands

Funding: Work supported by EU Horizon 2020 (contract nrs. 654002; 730983) and the Dutch Cancer Foundation KWF project 11766)
TThe operations of the superconducting cyclotron AG-OR over the past years will be reviewed. Reliability issues encountered after nearly 25 years of operation and mitigation measures to warrant reliable operation for the coming decade will be discussed. The research performed with AGOR has significantly shifted from fundamental physics to radiation biology and medical radiation physics, both in collaboration with the Groningen Proton Therapy Center, and radiation hardness studies. The radiation biology research will be substantially expanded in the coming years with a new beam line for image guided preclinical research. For this research new dose delivery modalities including scanning, spatial fractionation and very high dose rates are developed. In addition a new program has been started on the production of exotic nuclei, for which a new superconducting solenoid fragment separator will be developed. For the radiation hardness testing a cocktail beam at 30 MeV/amu with several ion species up to Xe has been developed and is now routinely delivered for experiments. A cocktail at 15 MeV/amu up to Bi is under development.

Slides TUC03 [4.632 MB]

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THB04

Development of a Transparent Profiler Based on Secondary Electrons Emission for Charged Particle Beams

electron, proton, detector, cyclotron

302

C. Thiebaux, Y. Geerebaert, F. Magniette, P. Manigot, M. Verderi
LLR, Palaiseau, France
G. Blain, F. Haddad, N. Michel, N. Servagent, T. Sounalet
SUBATECH, Nantes, France
B. Boyer, E. Delagnes, F.T. Gebreyohannes, O. Gevin
CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
F. Haddad, C. Koumeir, F. Poirier
Cyclotron ARRONAX, Saint-Herblain, France

Funding: This study is supported by three programs of the Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR-17-CE31-0015, ANR- 11-EQPX-0004 and the LABEX P2IO.
The PEPITES project* aims at realizing an operational prototype of an ultra-thin, radiation-resistant profiler able to permanently operate on mid-energy (O(100 MeV)) charged particle accelerators. PEPITES uses secondary electron emission (SEE) for the signal because it requires only a minimal thickness of material (10 nm); very linear, it also offers a great dynamic. The lateral beam profile is sampled using segmented electrodes, constructed by thin film methods. Gold strips, as thin as the electrical conductivity allows (~ 50 nm), are deposited on an as thin as possible insulating substrate. When crossing the gold, the beam ejects the electrons by SEE, the current thus formed in each strip allows the sampling. The technique was validated at ARRONAX with 68 MeV proton beams for intensities from 100 fA to 10 nA. SEE is characterized up to 100 nA at ARRONAX and medical energies at CPO**. Electrodes were subjected to doses of up to 10⁹ Gy without showing significant degradation. A demonstrator with dedicated electronics (CEA) will be installed at ARRONAX and used routinely. The performances of the system and its behavior over time will thus be characterized.
*LLR, ARRONAX cyclotron and CEA
**Orsay Protontherapy Center (Institut Curie)

Slides THB04 [16.785 MB]

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FRA04

Cyclotrons Based Facilities for Single Event Effects Testing of Spacecraft Electronics

electron, heavy-ion, detector, proton

348

P.A. Chubunov, A.S. Bychkov
ISDE, Moscow, Russia
V.S. Anashin, A.E. Koziukov
United Rocket and Space Corporation, Institute of Space Device Engineering, Moscow, Russia
I.V. Kalagin, S.V. Mitrofanov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

Space radiation is the main factor limiting the operation time of the onboard equipment of the spacecraft due to the radiation effects occurring in the electronic components. With a decrease in the size of semiconductor structures, the sensitivity to the effects of individual nuclear particles increases and hitting one such particle can cause an upset or even failure of a component or system as a whole. Since the phenomenon occurs due to the impact of a separate particle, these radiation effects are called Single Event Effects (SEE). To be sure that the electronic component is operational in space, ground tests are necessary. SEE tests are carried out on test facilities that allow accelerating heavy ions from C to Bi to energies from 3 to a few dozen MeV/A. Cyclotrons are best suited for this purpose. In this paper, the installations created by request of ISDE based on the cyclotrons of FLNR JINR are described.

Slides FRA04 [0.849 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-FRA04

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paper received ※ 17 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 27 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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FRB02

FLNR JINR Accelerator Complex for Applied Physics Researches: State-of-Art and Future

cyclotron, heavy-ion, electron, experiment

358

S.V. Mitrofanov, P.Yu. Apel, V. Bashevoy, V. Bekhterev, S.L. Bogomolov, J. Franko, B. Gikal, G.G. Gulbekyan, I.A. Ivanenko, I.V. Kalagin, N.Yu. Kazarinov, V. Mironov, V.A. Semin, V.A. Skuratov, A. Tikhomirov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

The main activities of FLNR, following its name – are related to fundamental science, but, in parallel, plenty of efforts are paid for practical applications. Certain amount of beam time every year is spent for applied science experiments on FLNR accelerator complex. The main directions are the production of the heterogeneousμ- and nano-structured materials; testing of electronic components (avionics and space electronics) for radiation hardness; ion-implantation nanotechnology and radiation materials science. Status of all these activities, its modern trends and needs will be reported. Basing on FLNR long term experience in these fields and aiming to improve the instrumentation for users, FLNR accelerator department announce the design study for a new cyclotron, DC140, which will be dedicated machine for applied researches in FLNR. Following the users requirements DC140 should accelerate the heavy ions with mass-to-charge ratio A/Z of the range from 5 to 8 up to fixed energies 2 and 4.8 MeV per unit mass. The first outlook of DC140 parameters, its features, layout of its casemate and general overview of the new FLNR facility for applied science will be presented.

Slides FRB02 [7.680 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-FRB02

About •

paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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