Cyclotrons2019 - List of Keywords (resonance)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOP035	Extraction Beam Orbit of a 250 MeV Superconducting Cyclotron	extraction, cyclotron, MMI, proton	113
	H.J. Zhang, K. Fan, Y. Yan Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology,, Hubei, People’s Republic of China Y.-N. Rao TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada L.G. Zhang HUST, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
	Funding: The work is supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (11775087). A superconducting cyclotron based on proton therapy facility is being developed at Huazhong university of science and technology (HUST). Due to the compact size of the main magnet, the beam orbits at the extraction region are distributed densely, which creates difficulties for beam extraction leading to severe beam loss. In order to deal with these challenges, the orbit precession method has been employed in the extraction system design. In this paper, we introduce a method of employing a first harmonic field near the nu_r=1 resonance where the beam energy is about 248 MeV to adjust the amplitude of beam orbit oscillation. The optimum amplitude and phase of the first harmonic field are designed to obtain a large turn separation in the extraction region. Three different ways of generating the first harmonic field are compared for optimization.
	Poster MOP035 [0.777 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP035
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUP007	Operational Experience in the Treatment of Ocular Melanomas with a New Digital Low-level RF Control System	controls, LLRF, cyclotron, operation	162
	T. Fanselow, J. Bundesmann, A. Denker, U. Hiller HZB, Berlin, Germany J.K. Abraham, J.L. Conradie, W. Duckitt iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa
	Ocular melanomas have been treated for the last 20 years at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin in collaboration with the Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin. However, parts of the initial control system electronics date back to the 1970s, when the machine was installed. Facing a critical shortage of legacy and obsolete components and with the down-time due to failures in the electronics on the increase, a decision was made to install the digital low-level RF control system, developed by iThemba LABS, on our K=132 cyclotron. A short description of the installation and commissioning process, which occurred in April 2017, and the experiences of the first 2 years of operation with the new digital low-level RF control system is presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP007
About •	paper received ※ 14 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUP030	Reinforcement Learning Based RF Control System for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry	controls, cyclotron, network, cavity	227
	H.S. Kim, J.-S. Chai, Kh.M. Gad, M. Ghergherehchi, D.H. Ha, J.C. Lee, H. Namgoong SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
	Funding: Radiation Technology R&D program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning through the National Research Foundation of Korea Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) is a powerful method for separating rare isotopes and electrostatic type tandem accelerators have been widely used. At SungKyunKwan University, we are developing a AMS that can be used in a small space with higher resolution based on cyclotron. In contrast to the cyclotron used in conventional PET or proton therapy, the cyclotron-based AMS is characterized by high turn number and low dee voltage for high resolution. It is designed to accelerate not only 14C but also 13C or 12C. The AMS cyclotron RF control model has nonlinear characteristics due to the variable beam loading effect due to the acceleration of various particles and injected sample amounts. In this work, we proposed an AMS control system based on reinforcement learning. The proposed reinforcement learning finds the target control value in response to the environment through the learning process. We have designed a reinforcement learning based controller with RF system as an environment and verified the reinforcement learning based controller designed through the modeled cavity.
	Poster TUP030 [0.527 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP030
About •	paper received ※ 14 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUP036	Optical Design of AVF Weak-Focusing Accelerator	extraction, septum, focusing, cyclotron	242
	C. Hori, T. Aoki, T. Seki Hitachi Ltd., Ibaraki-ken, Japan T. Hae, H. Hiramoto Hitachi Ltd., Hitachi Research Laboratory, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
	A trend in proton beam therapy systems is downsizing their footprints. A larger main magnetic field for the downsizing, however, requires a septum magnet to generate a larger magnetic field for beam extraction. In order to relax the specification of the septum magnet, we consider an azimuthally varying field (AVF) weak-focusing accelerator. The magnetic fields of its hills and valleys can be designed while maintaining the average magnetic fields over the design orbits. Thus, by locating the septum magnet near one of the valleys, the specification is relaxed while keeping the footprint of the accelerator. In this study, we show an optical design of an AVF weak-focusing accelerator with cotangential orbits. The magnetic field in the valleys is smaller than the average magnetic field over the maximum energy orbit by 0.2 T. We evaluate gradient magnetic fields required for beam extraction and find the possibility of variable energy extraction by the static gradient fields.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP036
About •	paper received ※ 13 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THC03	Design of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Based on a Cyclotron	cyclotron, controls, ion-source, network	314
	H. Namgoong, J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi, D.H. Ha, H.S. Kim, J.C. Lee SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
	In this paper, we present a cyclotron-based accelerator mass spectrometry system. Conventional AMS systems use tandem accelerators for generating carbon-14 beams. We have developed an ion source, RF buncher, cyclotron, triplet quadrupole, detector and dipole magnet for an AMS system.
	Slides THC03 [9.741 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-THC03
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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FRA01	A New Solution for Cost Effective, High Average Power (2 GeV, 6 MW) Proton Accelerator and its R&D Activities	FFAG, cavity, cyclotron, proton	334
	T.J. Zhang, S. An, T.J. Bian, F.P. Guan, M. Li, S. Pei, C. Wang, F. Wang, Z.G. Yin CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	The 100 MeV compact cyclotron, CYCIAE-100 was approved to start the construction in 2011, and the first proton beam was extracted on July 4, 2014. In 2017, the 200 µA proton beam development was conducted, and in 2018, the production of high power beam from 20 kW to 52 kW had been delivered successfully to the beam dump. Due to the successful construction of 435 tons magnet for CYCIAE-100, it has been proved that the gradient adjustment of magnetic field along radius can effectively enhance the vertical focusing during the isochronous acceleration. This key technology was applied to the general design of a 2 GeV CW proton accelerator, the energy limitation of the isochronous machine is increased from ~1 GeV to 2 GeV, by our contribution of the beam dynamics study for high energy isochronous FFAG. This paper will introduce CIAE’s engineering experience of precision magnet, high power RF systems, and the advantages of beam dynamics simulation based on large-scale parallel computing. The cost-effective solution for such a 2 GeV high power circular accelerator complex will be presented in detail after the brief introduction about the high power proton beam production by the CYCIAE-100.
	Slides FRA01 [19.669 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-FRA01
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 23 June 2020 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOP035

Extraction Beam Orbit of a 250 MeV Superconducting Cyclotron

extraction, cyclotron, MMI, proton

113

H.J. Zhang, K. Fan, Y. Yan
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology,, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
Y.-N. Rao
TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
L.G. Zhang
HUST, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China

Funding: The work is supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (11775087).
A superconducting cyclotron based on proton therapy facility is being developed at Huazhong university of science and technology (HUST). Due to the compact size of the main magnet, the beam orbits at the extraction region are distributed densely, which creates difficulties for beam extraction leading to severe beam loss. In order to deal with these challenges, the orbit precession method has been employed in the extraction system design. In this paper, we introduce a method of employing a first harmonic field near the nu_r=1 resonance where the beam energy is about 248 MeV to adjust the amplitude of beam orbit oscillation. The optimum amplitude and phase of the first harmonic field are designed to obtain a large turn separation in the extraction region. Three different ways of generating the first harmonic field are compared for optimization.

Poster MOP035 [0.777 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP035

About •

paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUP007

Operational Experience in the Treatment of Ocular Melanomas with a New Digital Low-level RF Control System

controls, LLRF, cyclotron, operation

162

T. Fanselow, J. Bundesmann, A. Denker, U. Hiller
HZB, Berlin, Germany
J.K. Abraham, J.L. Conradie, W. Duckitt
iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa

Ocular melanomas have been treated for the last 20 years at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin in collaboration with the Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin. However, parts of the initial control system electronics date back to the 1970s, when the machine was installed. Facing a critical shortage of legacy and obsolete components and with the down-time due to failures in the electronics on the increase, a decision was made to install the digital low-level RF control system, developed by iThemba LABS, on our K=132 cyclotron. A short description of the installation and commissioning process, which occurred in April 2017, and the experiences of the first 2 years of operation with the new digital low-level RF control system is presented.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP007

About •

paper received ※ 14 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUP030

Reinforcement Learning Based RF Control System for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry

controls, cyclotron, network, cavity

227

H.S. Kim, J.-S. Chai, Kh.M. Gad, M. Ghergherehchi, D.H. Ha, J.C. Lee, H. Namgoong
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea

Funding: Radiation Technology R&D program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning through the National Research Foundation of Korea
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) is a powerful method for separating rare isotopes and electrostatic type tandem accelerators have been widely used. At SungKyunKwan University, we are developing a AMS that can be used in a small space with higher resolution based on cyclotron. In contrast to the cyclotron used in conventional PET or proton therapy, the cyclotron-based AMS is characterized by high turn number and low dee voltage for high resolution. It is designed to accelerate not only 14C but also 13C or 12C. The AMS cyclotron RF control model has nonlinear characteristics due to the variable beam loading effect due to the acceleration of various particles and injected sample amounts. In this work, we proposed an AMS control system based on reinforcement learning. The proposed reinforcement learning finds the target control value in response to the environment through the learning process. We have designed a reinforcement learning based controller with RF system as an environment and verified the reinforcement learning based controller designed through the modeled cavity.

Poster TUP030 [0.527 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP030

About •

paper received ※ 14 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUP036

Optical Design of AVF Weak-Focusing Accelerator

extraction, septum, focusing, cyclotron

242

C. Hori, T. Aoki, T. Seki
Hitachi Ltd., Ibaraki-ken, Japan
T. Hae, H. Hiramoto
Hitachi Ltd., Hitachi Research Laboratory, Ibaraki-ken, Japan

A trend in proton beam therapy systems is downsizing their footprints. A larger main magnetic field for the downsizing, however, requires a septum magnet to generate a larger magnetic field for beam extraction. In order to relax the specification of the septum magnet, we consider an azimuthally varying field (AVF) weak-focusing accelerator. The magnetic fields of its hills and valleys can be designed while maintaining the average magnetic fields over the design orbits. Thus, by locating the septum magnet near one of the valleys, the specification is relaxed while keeping the footprint of the accelerator. In this study, we show an optical design of an AVF weak-focusing accelerator with cotangential orbits. The magnetic field in the valleys is smaller than the average magnetic field over the maximum energy orbit by 0.2 T. We evaluate gradient magnetic fields required for beam extraction and find the possibility of variable energy extraction by the static gradient fields.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP036

About •

paper received ※ 13 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THC03

Design of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Based on a Cyclotron

cyclotron, controls, ion-source, network

314

H. Namgoong, J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi, D.H. Ha, H.S. Kim, J.C. Lee
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea

In this paper, we present a cyclotron-based accelerator mass spectrometry system. Conventional AMS systems use tandem accelerators for generating carbon-14 beams. We have developed an ion source, RF buncher, cyclotron, triplet quadrupole, detector and dipole magnet for an AMS system.

Slides THC03 [9.741 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-THC03

About •

paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

FRA01

A New Solution for Cost Effective, High Average Power (2 GeV, 6 MW) Proton Accelerator and its R&D Activities

FFAG, cavity, cyclotron, proton

334

T.J. Zhang, S. An, T.J. Bian, F.P. Guan, M. Li, S. Pei, C. Wang, F. Wang, Z.G. Yin
CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

The 100 MeV compact cyclotron, CYCIAE-100 was approved to start the construction in 2011, and the first proton beam was extracted on July 4, 2014. In 2017, the 200 µA proton beam development was conducted, and in 2018, the production of high power beam from 20 kW to 52 kW had been delivered successfully to the beam dump. Due to the successful construction of 435 tons magnet for CYCIAE-100, it has been proved that the gradient adjustment of magnetic field along radius can effectively enhance the vertical focusing during the isochronous acceleration. This key technology was applied to the general design of a 2 GeV CW proton accelerator, the energy limitation of the isochronous machine is increased from ~1 GeV to 2 GeV, by our contribution of the beam dynamics study for high energy isochronous FFAG. This paper will introduce CIAE’s engineering experience of precision magnet, high power RF systems, and the advantages of beam dynamics simulation based on large-scale parallel computing. The cost-effective solution for such a 2 GeV high power circular accelerator complex will be presented in detail after the brief introduction about the high power proton beam production by the CYCIAE-100.

Slides FRA01 [19.669 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-FRA01

About •

paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 23 June 2020 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)