Cyclotrons2019 - List of Keywords (extraction)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOP002	Recent Progress on Ion Source of SC200 Cyclotron	ion-source, cyclotron, proton, experiment	24
	Y. Zhao, G. Chen ASIPP, Hefei, People’s Republic of China L. Calabretta INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy O. Karamyshev JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia G.A. Karamysheva, G. Shirkov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia S.W. Xu USTC, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
	Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No. 11775258 & 11575237 and International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Project of Anhui (grant No. 1704e1002207). A 200MeV compact superconducting cyclotron, named SC200, for proton therapy is under development by collaboration of ASIPP (Hefei, China) and JINR (Dubna, Russia). The ion source is a significant subsystem of the cyclotron. A hot cathode internal ion source has been designed and tested for SC200 cyclotron. The ion source has been successfully arc discharged on the test bench. The extracted beam current has been measured over 100 uA and filament lifetime of ion source exceeded 100 h, which indicated that the ion source meets the design requirements. The stability of the filament under strong magnetic field has also been tested and the differences between the two kinds of filament are compared.
	Poster MOP002 [0.519 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP002
About •	paper received ※ 09 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP003	Optimal Design and Fluid-Solid Coupling Thermal Analysis of SC200 Superconducting Proton Cyclotron Electrostatic Deflector	septum, proton, simulation, cyclotron	27
	Y. Xu, Y. Chen, K.Z. Ding, X.Y. Huang, J. Li, K. Pei, Y. Song ASIPP, Hefei, People’s Republic of China K. Gu HFCIM, HeFei, People’s Republic of China
	Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No. 11775258 & 11575237 and International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Project of Anhui (grant No. 1704e1002207). In recent years, the study of proton therapy equipment has received increasing attention in China. Hefei CAS Ion Medical and Technical Devices Co., Ltd. (HFCIM) is developing a proton medical device based on the super-conducting proton cyclotron. The electrostatic deflector (ESD) is the key extraction component of the SC200 superconducting cyclotron, which uses a high-intensity electric field to bend the beam from the track. The fierce interaction between the proton beam and the deflector septum, causes a great loss of beam and unwanted excess heat accumulation and radiation. In order to minimize the risk of damage caused by the proton beam loss, the fluid solid-thermal coupling analysis of the deflector was per-formed by applying computational fluid dynamics (CFD) on ANSYS. The maximum temperatures of the septum in various cases of the cooling water speed, the septum thickness and material have been investigated respective-ly. The result based on analysis provide a valuable refer-ence for the further optimization on the material selection and structural design for ESD.
	Poster MOP003 [0.735 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP003
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP004	Beam Dynamics Simulation of the Extraction for a Superconducting Cyclotron SC240	cyclotron, proton, simulation, emittance	31
	Z. Wu, K.Z. Ding, J. Li, Y. Song ASIPP, Hefei, People’s Republic of China Z. Wang HFCIM, HeFei, People’s Republic of China
	In order to diversify the company’s cyclotron, a design study has been carried out on a 240 MeV superconducting cyclotron SC240 for proton therapy, which is based on our experience in design of SC200. In order to increase turn separation and extraction efficiency, resonant precessional extraction method is employed in the extraction system. A first harmonic field consistent with the Gaussian distribution is added to introduce beam precessional motion. Its effects on phase space evolution and turn separation increase is studied by a high efficiency beam dynamics simulation code. According to the study, its amplitude and phase have been optimized to meet the requirements of extraction beam dynamics. Based on beam dynamics simulation, the parameters of extraction system elements (two electrostatic deflectors and six magnetic channels) are chosen. Besides, the effects of sectors spiral direction on beam extraction are studied. Extraction efficiencies and beam parameters have been calculated.
	Poster MOP004 [1.696 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP004
About •	paper received ※ 14 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP006	The Design and Simulation on the Extraction System for CYCIAE-50	proton, cyclotron, simulation, radiation	35
	S. An, F.P. Guan, P. Huang, L.Y. Ji, M. Li, Y.L. Lv, S.M. Wei, L.P. Wen, H.D. Xie, J.S. Xing, T.J. Zhang, X. Zheng CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	A 50 MeV H⁻ compact cyclotron (CYCIAE-50) as a proton irradiation facility is under construction at China Institute of Atomic Energy. The proton beam with the energy of 30 MeV to 50 MeV and the current of 10 uA will be extracted by a single stripping extraction system. In order to reduce the beam loss, the combination magnet is fixed inside the magnetism yoke. The positions of stripping points for the different extraction energy are calculated and the extracted beam trajectories after stripping foil are simulated in detail in this paper. The extracted beam distribution after stripping foil and the extracted beam characters will be studied in this paper. The beam parameters after extraction will be given by the extracting orbit simulation. The design on the whole stripping extraction system has been finished and will be presented in this paper.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP006
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP013	Mechanical Modifications of the Median Plane for the Superconducting Cyclotron Upgrade	cyclotron, superconducting-magnet, simulation, vacuum	51
	G. Gallo, L. Allegra, L. Calabretta, A.C. Caruso, G. Costa, E. Messina, M.S. Musumeci, D. Rifuggiato, E. Zappalà INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
	The Superconducting Cyclotron (CS) is a three sectors, compact accelerator with a wide operating diagram, capable of accelerating heavy ions with q/A from 0.1 to 0.5 up to energies from 2 to 100 MeV/u. Recently a significant upgrade has been proposed to increase the light ion beam intensity by means of extraction by stripping. For the implementation of the new extraction mode, many relevant modifications are needed in the median plane. The biggest upgrade action is the replacement of the present superconducting magnet with a new one, compatible with the beam trajectory and envelope in the extraction by stripping. The extraction by stripping mode implies the installation of two stripper systems, one in a hill and the other in a valley, that allow to extract all the ions requested by the users. Finally, since the present electrostatic extraction mode will be maintained, several relevant mechanical issues have to be faced when switching from one extraction mode to the other one, the location of one electrostatic deflector being the same as the stripper system. The focus of this paper will be the presentation of the different mechanical features involved in the upgrade.
	Poster MOP013 [1.583 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP013
About •	paper received ※ 12 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP014	3D Magnetic Optimization of the New Extraction Channel for the LNS Superconducting Cyclotron	cyclotron, simulation, focusing, acceleration	54
	L. Neri, L. Allegra, L. Calabretta, G. Costa, G. D’Agostino, G. Gallo, D. Rifuggiato, A.D. Russo, G. Torrisi INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
	The upgrade of the Superconducting Cyclotron operating at INFN-LNS is the main objective of the general upgrade of the LNS facility, consisting in the enhancement of light ion beam intensity. To overcome the present maximum power of 100 W of the beam extracted by electrostatic deflector and achieve a beam power as high as 10 kW, the implementation of the extraction by stripping method has been proposed. Intense ion beams with mass in the range 10 to 40 amu (12C, 18O, 20Ne, 40Ar) in the energy range of interest (15-70 MeV/u) will be delivered to the NUMEN experiment, as well as used for production of in-flight radioactive beams. The present work consists in the optimization of the magnetic channels needed to limit the radial and axial beam envelopes. The design of the magnetic channels has been accomplished by fully three-dimensional magneto-static simulations using Comsol Multiphysics and a custom transport code developed in Matlab along the last year at INFN-LNS. The effect of a magnetic shielding structure in the extraction channel is presented, together with the possibility of producing a magnetic gradient from an asymmetric coil.
	Poster MOP014 [2.968 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP014
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP020	Simulation of the Beam Extraction System of DC140 Cyclotron of FLNR JINR	cyclotron, simulation, radiation, betatron	73
	N.Yu. Kazarinov, G.G. Gulbekyan, I.A. Ivanenko JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reaction of Joint Institute for Nuclear Research carries out the works under creating FLNR JINR Irradiation Facility based on the cyclotron DC140. The facility is intended for SEE testing of microchip, for production of track membranes and for solving of applied physics problems. The main systems of DC140 are based on the DC72 cyclotron ones that now are under reconstruction. The DC140 cyclotron is intended for acceleration of heavy ions with mass-to-charge ratio A/Z within interval from 5 to 5.5 up to two fixed energies 2.136 and 4.8 MeV per unit mass. The intensity of the accelerated ions will be about 1 pµAmps for light ions (A<86) and about 0.1 pµAmps for heavier ions (A>132). The beam extraction system consists of electrostatic deflector and two magnetic channels. The simulation of the extraction system of the cyclotron is presented in this report. The extracted beams characteristics outside the cyclotron, that will serve as initial conditions for the design of experimental beam lines of FLNR JINR IF are determined.
	Poster MOP020 [9.336 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP020
About •	paper received ※ 29 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP021	Simulation of Beam Extraction from TR24 Cyclotron at IPHC	cyclotron, emittance, betatron, experiment	76
	N.Yu. Kazarinov, I.A. Ivanenko JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia T. Adam, F.R. Osswald, E.K. Traykov IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
	The CYRCé (CYclotron pour la ReCherche et Enseignement) TR24 cyclotron is used at IPHC (Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien) for the production of radio-isotopes for diagnostics, medical treatments and fundamental research in radiobiology. The TR24 cyclotron produced and commercialized by ACSI delivers a 16-25 MeV proton beam with intensity from few nA up to 500 µA. The TR24 is a compact isochronous cyclotron with normal-conducting magnet and stripper foil for the beam extraction. The calculation model for OPERA 3D program code is described. The magnetic field map in the working region of the cyclotron is generated. The beam characteristics outside the cyclotron, that will serve as initial conditions for the design of future beam lines are determined.
	Poster MOP021 [15.509 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP021
About •	paper received ※ 29 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP022	Project of a Novel Multi-Orbital Beam Bunching and Extraction from the U-120M Cyclotron	cyclotron, target, neutron, bunching	80
	M. Čihák, R. Běhal, P. Krist, T. Matlocha, J. Stursa, V. Zach NPI, Řež near Prague, Czech Republic
	We introduce the bunching system for a time structure control of the U-120M cyclotron beam. The system is based on a unique pulsed vertical deflection of the selected final orbits of the internal accelerated beam of the H⁻ ions to an extractor-stripper (a thin carbon foil positioned below the cyclotron median plane). A set of home-made programs have been developed for simulations and parameters determination of the system. Results of some simulations (i.e. dimensions of the deflection system, parameters of the pulsed high voltage power supply, position of the stripper, beam trajectories, beam parameters, beam losses, Be target position etc.) are presented. The system will be used for fast neutron generation and consequently for spectrometric measurement of neutron energy by the time of flight (ToF) method. The system will provide beam bunch interval up to 1000 ns range of a defined beam time structure (up to beam bunch period to beam bunch width ratio min 100).
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP022
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP031	Design of High Sensitive Magnet and Beam Dynamics for AMS Cyclotron	cyclotron, ion-source, radio-frequency, simulation	103
	H. Namgoong, J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi, D.H. Ha, H.S. Kim, J.C. Lee SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
	To produce a carbon-14 for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS), AMS Cyclotron magnet was designed. For the AMS system, Cyclotron magnet has been required high mass resolution. In order to realize high mass resolution, the phase error is designed within ±10 and the mass resolution was 5000. We used CST particle studio and Cyclone for beam dynamics simulation of this cyclotron magnet. This paper describes the AMS cyclotron magnet and beam dynamics design.
	Poster MOP031 [2.281 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP031
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP035	Extraction Beam Orbit of a 250 MeV Superconducting Cyclotron	cyclotron, MMI, resonance, proton	113
	H.J. Zhang, K. Fan, Y. Yan Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology,, Hubei, People’s Republic of China Y.-N. Rao TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada L.G. Zhang HUST, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
	Funding: The work is supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (11775087). A superconducting cyclotron based on proton therapy facility is being developed at Huazhong university of science and technology (HUST). Due to the compact size of the main magnet, the beam orbits at the extraction region are distributed densely, which creates difficulties for beam extraction leading to severe beam loss. In order to deal with these challenges, the orbit precession method has been employed in the extraction system design. In this paper, we introduce a method of employing a first harmonic field near the nu_r=1 resonance where the beam energy is about 248 MeV to adjust the amplitude of beam orbit oscillation. The optimum amplitude and phase of the first harmonic field are designed to obtain a large turn separation in the extraction region. Three different ways of generating the first harmonic field are compared for optimization.
	Poster MOP035 [0.777 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP035
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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MOP036	The Magnetic Field Design of Cyclotron at IMP	cyclotron, focusing, MMI, cryogenics	116
	Q.G. Yao, B. Wang, B.M. Wu, W. Wu, L. Yang IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
	A cyclotron magnet is studied at Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMP, CAS), and the whole system include one main magnet and other magnetic gradient correctors, which is used to accelerate the Kr²⁶⁺ beam. The structure of superconducting coils and room-temperature iron core are adopted for the main magnet. This paper describes the magnetic field design of the cyclotron, and several shimming methods are used to meet the isochronous magnetic field of Kr²⁶⁺ beam, including pole face shimming method and side shimming method. The final optimization results show that the error between simulation and theory value is small. In addition, the magnet structure is also described.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP036
About •	paper received ※ 17 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUB02	JINR PROJECTS of CYCLOTRON FOR PROTON THERAPY	cyclotron, cavity, proton, simulation	140
	O. Karamyshev, K. Bunyatov, S. Gurskiy, G.A. Karamysheva, D.P. Popov, G. Shirkov, S.G. Shirkov, V.L. Smirnov, S.B. Vorozhtsov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia V. Malinin JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
	Physical design of the compact superconducting cyclotron SC230 (91.5MHz) has been performed. The cyclotron can deliver up to 230 MeV beam for proton therapy and medico-biological research. As the cyclotron will have a relatively small magnet field, it is possible to use both superconducting and resistive coil. Besides a superconducting cyclotron we simulate design of the cyclotron with a conventional copper water-cooled coil. Such a solution allows us to achieve a lower price compared to superconducting options, but it becomes a bit heavier.
	Slides TUB02 [8.397 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUB02
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUP008	The Cyclotron TR-FLEX at the Center for Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf	target, cyclotron, operation, proton	166
	M. Kreller, T. Knieß HZDR, Dresden, Germany S. Preusche Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
	The new Center for Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research was established at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e. V. to centralize the main units: a high current proton cyclotron, a radiopharmaceutical production – GMP unit including quality control, laboratories for PET-radiochemistry, chemical and biochemical laboratories and laboratories for small animal imaging. The cyclotron TR-Flex was put into operation in 2017 and it is equipped with two extraction ports. Both are movable to adjust the proton energy in the range from 15 MeV up to 30 MeV. One extraction port is coupled with a combination magnet and two beam lines. A [123I]I-gas target station is installed at the first beam line and a four-port target selector at beamline two and at the second extraction port. Two [18F]F-water targets, a [18F]F2-gas target, a [11C]CH₄-gas target, a [11C]CO₂-gas target, a 30° and a 90° solid state target are mounted on the target selectors. In our contribution we report our experience of the new cyclotron during the first two operation years. Typical beam parameters and the reliability of the TR-FLEX are presented. Furthermore we describe the new home-built Radionuclide Distribution System.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP008
About •	paper received ※ 18 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUP011	Upgrade of the Central Region of the Superconducting Cyclotron at INFN-LNS	cyclotron, injection, simulation, acceleration	177
	G. D’Agostino, L. Calabretta, D. Rifuggiato INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy W.J.G.M. Kleeven IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
	The Superconducting Cyclotron (CS) at INFN-LNS is regularly operated with beam power up to 100 W. The present efforts in upgrading the cyclotron are directed towards an increase of beam power up to 10 kW for ions with mass number A < 40 and energies between 15 and 70 AMeV by means of increase of beam intensity. Moreover, a beam energy resolution of 0.1% is requested by the NUMEN project at INFN-LNS. We plan to achieve high beam power by increasing the efficiency of the injection and extraction processes. The current extraction efficiency is lower than 60%. We expect to increase it to a value close to 100% by extracting the specific ion beams by stripping and no longer by electrostatic deflectors. A spiral inflector is used to bent onto the median plane the ion beams produced by the two ECR ion sources. Including the effect of a drift buncher placed in the axial injection line, the current injection efficiency is about 15%. The study of an upgraded CS central region is ongoing at INFN-LNS. First results of simulation study aimed to increase the injection efficiency are presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP011
About •	paper received ※ 14 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUP014	Deflecting System Upgrade Initial Simulations for 37 MeV Cyclotron at NPI Řež	cyclotron, septum, simulation, proton	185
	T. Matlocha NPI, Řež near Prague, Czech Republic
	NPI Řež U-120M multi-particle variable energy cyclotron system for positive ions extraction consists of three electrostatic deflectors, one active magnetic channel and an electromagnetic bump exciter. The deflectors transmission ratio for deuterons, alpha particles and Helium 3 ions is rather low, usually about 10%, for protons it is far below 5%. Based on an experience from other cyclotron laboratories, the general concept of the extraction system has been modified and the last two electrostatic deflectors were replaced with two magnetic channels. In the early stage of the upgrade, simulations were performed for protons at 28 MeV and Helium 3 ions at 44 MeV with and without the magnetic bump exciter. The extraction efficiency and beam losses along the extraction path are evaluated. The presented modified extraction system simulations suggest promising results. The total transmission ratio of the deflecting system has increased significantly, allowing work to continue and expect a positive final result.
	Poster TUP014 [1.241 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP014
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUP017	Manufacturing and Commissioning of Cyclotrons in a Series Production at Varian	MMI, cyclotron, radiation, proton	192
	O. Boldt, M. Eichel, S. Lucht, L. Netterdon, A. Roth, M. Seher, T. Stephani, M. Wiesner VMS-PT, Troisdorf, Germany
	On 16th March 2019, Varian celebrated the 10th anniversary of first patient treatment in the Munich Proton Center, Germany. Since the first cyclotron installation, 22 more 250 MeV superconducting isochronous proton cyclotrons have successfully been manufactured, commissioned, and tested in our Troisdorf production line. During this process, an increasing experience with the cyclotron’s internal mechanisms and underlying physics allowed for a nowadays significant faster commissioning lead time without having changed the hardware setup substantially. Furthermore, we can already verify full clinical performance of each cyclotron in the factory test cells before delivery to the customer. Essential improvements in the areas of qualification of magnetic field configuration, RF conditioning, and beam commissioning are presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP017
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUP024	Muon Cyclotron for Transmission Muon Microscope	cyclotron, acceleration, flattop, cavity	208
	T. Yamazaki, Y. Nagatani KEK, Tokai Branch, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki, Japan T. Adachi, Y. Miyake KEK, Ibaraki, Japan A. Goto, J. Ohnishi RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan Y. Kumata, S. Kusuoka, T. Onda, H. Tsutsui SHI, Tokyo, Japan
	Funding: This work is supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP17H06126 and JP19H05194. A transmission muon microscope is an unprecedented tool which enables its users to reconstruct 3D image of samples such as a living cell. Muons can gain penetrative power as their energy increase, though electrons above 1 MeV start to trigger electromagnetic showers and protons above 1 GeV cause nuclear reactions. Muons accelerated up to about 5 MeV are able to penetrate a living cell (~ 10 um), which is impossible with ultra-high voltage (1 MeV) electron microscopes. In order to accelerate muons, efficient acceleration is necessary because the lifetime of muons is only 2.2 us. In addition, it is important to accelerate muons without increasing their energy dispersion. A cyclotron with a flat-top acceleration system is the best suited for the transmission muon microscope and is being developed at the J-PARC muon facility (MUSE). In this poster, the transmission muon microscope project and the development of the muon cyclotron will be presented.
	Poster TUP024 [1.366 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP024
About •	paper received ※ 14 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUP025	Feasibility Study for Converting the CS-30 Into a Variable Energy Cyclotron for Isotopes Production Using the Internal Target System	target, cyclotron, radiation, proton	212
	H.A. Kassim KSU, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia H.F. Akhdar Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia F.M. Alrumayan, A.M. Hendy King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
	Funding: This project was supported by the NSTIP Strategic Technologies Program in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, award no. 14-MAT-1233-20. This paper reports a method to reduce the beam energy of the CS-30 cyclotron from 26.5 up to 10 MeV using the internal target system in CS-30 cyclotrons for isotopes production. Irradiation of solid targets, in this type of cyclotrons, take place when the target is positioned horizontally inside the cyclotron tank. In its final position, the target plate interrupts the beam from completing its orbit and nuclear reactions take place. Calculations are made to determine the beam energy as a function of radius. Verification of the new method was achieved by producing pure Ga-68 at an energy level of 11.5 MeV. [1] Gordon, M. M., Calculation of isochronous fields for sector-focused cyclotrons, Part. Accel., 13 (1983) 67-84 [2] Smith, Lloyd, ORBIT DYNAMICS IN THE SPIRAL-RIDGED CYCLOTRON, (2010) [3] Kleeven, W. J. G. M., Theory of accelerated orbits and space charge effects in an AVF cyclotron Eindhoven: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, (1988)DOI: 10.6100/IR288492
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP025
About •	paper received ※ 13 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUP029	A 15-Mev/nucleon Iso-Cyclotron for Security and Radioisotope Production	cyclotron, cavity, acceleration, injection	223
	C. Johnstone PAC, Batavia, Illinois, USA R.B. Agustsson, S. Boucher, S.V. Kutsaev, A.Yu. Smirnov RadiaBeam, Marina del Rey, California, USA R.C. Lanza MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
	Funding: Work supported by US Dept of Energy under a Small Business Innovation Research Grant Cargo inspection systems exploit the broad bremsstrahlung spectrum from a 6-10 MeV, low-duty cycle electron accelerator which in the presence of significant backgrounds presents challenges in image and material identification. An alternative approach is to use ions which can excite nuclear states either directly, or through generation of secondary high-energy signature gammas produced from nuclear interactions in a target. RadiaBeam is designing a compact sector isocyclotron 1.25 m in radius, with high-gradient cavities to accelerate multi-ion species up to 15-20 MeV/u with large turn-to turn, centimeter-level separation for low-loss extraction without lossy foil stripping. A strong-focusing radial field profile will be optimized in a separated-sector format for control over machine tune simultaneous with isochronous orbist requirements for high-current (~0.5 milliamp) operation. Innovation in injection will be introduced to replace the high-loss central region. Non-security applications of the cyclotron include medical isotope production, ion radiobiology, as well as material science research and ion instrumentation development.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP029
About •	paper received ※ 19 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUP035	Development of a Center Region for New Sumitomo Cyclotron	cyclotron, ion-source, proton, cathode	240
	N. Kamiguchi, M. Hirabayashi, J. Kanakura, Y. Kumata, Y. Mikami, H. Murata, H. Oda, T. Tachikawa, T. Takahashi, T. Tsurudome, H. Tsutsui, J.Y. Yoshida SHI, Kanagawa, Japan
	We, Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd., have been developing a new AVF cyclotron which employs a super-conducting magnet. This cyclotron purposes proton therapy fields and is most compact and high intensity among AVF cyclotrons which can accelerate to 230 MeV. In this paper we report and focus on its center region. The center region consists of bellows. The PIG ion source with hot cathode is located at the center of the cyclotron. As this cyclotron has 3 T magnetic field, the filament receives the Lorentz force strongly. To avoid the filament deformation, AC current heating is newly introduced into this ion source. The over 40 µA output have been already confirmed in our test bench. The extraction of the proton beam is conducted with an RF electric field. On one counter dee electrode a beam chopper is equipped and on the other counter dee electrode, phase slits, a pair of vertical beam dumpers and a beam probe are equipped. To control the beam current, static electric beam choppers deflect the beam direction vertically. C-H coils are put on outside of the center region in the valley. In this paper, the concept of the center region of this new cyclotron will be discussed.
	Poster TUP035 [1.416 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP035
About •	paper received ※ 13 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUP036	Optical Design of AVF Weak-Focusing Accelerator	septum, focusing, cyclotron, resonance	242
	C. Hori, T. Aoki, T. Seki Hitachi Ltd., Ibaraki-ken, Japan T. Hae, H. Hiramoto Hitachi Ltd., Hitachi Research Laboratory, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
	A trend in proton beam therapy systems is downsizing their footprints. A larger main magnetic field for the downsizing, however, requires a septum magnet to generate a larger magnetic field for beam extraction. In order to relax the specification of the septum magnet, we consider an azimuthally varying field (AVF) weak-focusing accelerator. The magnetic fields of its hills and valleys can be designed while maintaining the average magnetic fields over the design orbits. Thus, by locating the septum magnet near one of the valleys, the specification is relaxed while keeping the footprint of the accelerator. In this study, we show an optical design of an AVF weak-focusing accelerator with cotangential orbits. The magnetic field in the valleys is smaller than the average magnetic field over the maximum energy orbit by 0.2 T. We evaluate gradient magnetic fields required for beam extraction and find the possibility of variable energy extraction by the static gradient fields.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP036
About •	paper received ※ 13 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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TUP037	Compact Cotangential Orbit Accelerator for Particle Therapy	kicker, septum, cavity, proton	245
	T. Hae, H. Hiramoto Hitachi Ltd., Hitachi Research Laboratory, Ibaraki-ken, Japan T. Aoki, C. Hori, Y. Nakashima, F. Noda, T. Seki Hitachi Ltd., Ibaraki-ken, Japan
	A new type accelerator is being developed for the next generation particle therapy system. This accelerator utilizes a weak focusing DC magnetic field and a frequency modulated RF acceleration. Since a superconducting magnet is applicable to the main magnet, the accelerator can be compact. The accelerator characteristically has cotangential orbits to form an orbit-concentrated region. A beam is extracted from the region by using a new extraction method with the trans-verse RF kicker, peeler and regenerator magnetic fields. In this method an extracted beam energy can be controlled by applied time of the acceleration RF voltage without using an energy selection system (ESS). Intensity and pulse width of the extracted beam can be controlled by a voltage and / or a frequency pattern of the RF kicker.
	Poster TUP037 [0.740 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP037
About •	paper received ※ 13 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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WEA02	The Developments of the RF System Related to the K-800 Superconducting Cyclotron Upgrade	cyclotron, cavity, acceleration, LLRF	262
	A.C. Caruso, L. Calabretta, G. Costa, G. Gallo, A. Longhitano, D. Rifuggiato, A. Spartà, G. Torrisi, E. Zappalà INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
	The K-800 superconducting cyclotron has been in operation at Laboratori Nazionali del Sud for almost 25 years. It has been subjected to continuous upgrades and modifications since 1994: the RF couplers have been redesigned, the new dees have been changed from aluminium to copper, as has the new central region from radial to axial injection of the beam, the hybrid configuration solid state - tube of the power amplifiers, the digital LLRF, etc. The next scheduled important upgrade of the Cyclotron mainly consists in a new extraction beam line able to support the increase of the beam current intensity. The accelerated beam will be extracted in two ways: by stripper and by electrostatic deflector and, consequently, one of the most important features of the new upgrade is the new cryostat. Further upgrades and refurbishments of the other main parts of the cyclotron, such as a new liner, the modification of the RF cavities and dees, the refurbishment of HLRF-LLRF, the insertion of the stripper extraction system, to name but a few, are in progress, too. This work focuses on the RF system upgrade.
	Slides WEA02 [10.816 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-WEA02
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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WEC01	Conceptual Design of Central Region for High-Temperature Superconducting Skeleton Cyclotron (HTS-SC)	cyclotron, injection, space-charge, neutron	279
	H.W. Koay, M. Fukuda, H. Kanda, M. Nakao, T. Yorita RCNP, Osaka, Japan
	A compact high-current accelerator is highly desirable for short and effective Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) as well as radioisotopes production in a hospital environment. In accordance with this, a compact high-temperature superconducting skeleton cyclotron (HTS-SC) was proposed. HTS-SC is an air-core K-80 cyclotron with a relatively small extraction radius of 40 cm for a 50 MeV H⁺ and 40 MeV D⁺ beam. Owing to its compactness, a relatively high central magnetic field (>2.4 T) remains as a significant challenge for high current injection. This work describes a preliminary study of the injection using a spiral inflector and the central region design of the HTS-SC. Besides, the transverse beam dynamics are also discussed in order to investigate the upper limit of injection current.
	Slides WEC01 [3.191 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-WEC01
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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THB02	Production of 70 MeV Proton Beam in a Superconducting Cyclotron	cyclotron, proton, acceleration, focusing	294
	V.L. Smirnov, S.B. Vorozhtsov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	Production of 70 MeV proton beams with help of a cyclotron-type facility is one of highly requested tasks presently. Such beams are used for medical applications including direct tumor irradiation and also for production of medical isotopes. The applications mentioned above dictate corresponding requirements imposed on the beam quality and intensity. For proton therapy treatment it is sufficient to have 300-600 nA output beam current with rather strict tolerance on the transverse beam quality. On the other hand, for the isotope production the major requirement is high enough beam intensity (hundreds µA) with less demanding beam quality. Nowadays, for production of the proton beams in the energy range considered cyclotrons with resistive coil weighting ~200 tons are mostly used. In these cyclotrons two extraction methods - with electrostatic deflector and with stripping foils - can provide somewhat different quality of the output beam. In given report a possibility of using a superconducting cyclotron instead of room-temperature one is considered. To this end, acceleration of various ions was investigated with analysis of the main facility parameters and resulting output beams.
	Slides THB02 [2.733 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-THB02
About •	paper received ※ 06 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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THB03	Conceptual Design of TR¹⁰⁰⁺: An Innovative Superconducting Cyclotron for Commercial Isotopes Production	cyclotron, proton, acceleration, electron	298
	Y.-N. Rao, R.A. Baartman, Y. Bylinskii, T. Planche, L.G. Zhang TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
	Utilizing dedicated cyclotrons to produce medical isotopes is an arising technology in hospitals across Canada. Thus, in January 2015, the CycloMed99 team, led by TRIUMF, demonstrated a breakthrough in producing the world’s most highly used medical isotope, technetium-99m (Tc-99m), on existing medical cyclotrons. Now we propose to design an innovative superconducting cyclotron for production of commercially valuable radioisotopes. This project will be focusing on a proton energy of 70-150 MeV and proton current of 2 mA. In this energy range, numerous increasingly demanded radioÂnuclides can be produced, either as parent nuclei for generator use, or directly as a active pharmaceutical ingredient, e.g. Strontium-82 (Sr-82), Actinium-235 (Ac-235) and Bismuth-213 (Bi-213). Our machine shall be designed to accelerate H²⁺, by injection from external ion source and extraction by stripping. This shall allow to simultaneously extract multiple cw proton beams of variable currents and potentially variable energies to multiple experimental stations with extremely high extraction efficiency. The basic parameters of the machine and the simulations of stripping extraction will be presented.
	Slides THB03 [3.030 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-THB03
About •	paper received ※ 17 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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THD03	An Improved Concept for Self-Extraction Cyclotrons	cyclotron, ion-source, simulation, site	330
	W.J.G.M. Kleeven, E. Forton IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
	A study is made for an improved concept of self-extraction in low and medium energy cyclotrons to be used for production of medical isotopes. The prototype of the self-extracting cyclotron was realized around the year 2001. From this machine, currents higher than 1 mA were extracted and transported to a Pd-10³ production target. However, at the higher intensities, the extraction efficiency was dropping to about 70-75%, and the extracted emittance was rather poor, leading to additional losses in the beamline. Several improvements of the original concept are proposed: i) the beam coherent oscillation (as needed for good extraction) is no longer generated with harmonic coils, but is obtained from a significant off-centring of the ion source, ii) the cyclotron magnet has perfect 2-fold symmetry, allowing the placement of two internal sources and dual extraction on two opposite hill sectors, iii) a substantial improvement of the magnetic profile of the hill sectors. Simulations show an extraction efficiency up to almost 95% and emittances at least a factor 3 lower as compared to the original design. The new magnetic design is shown, and results of beam simulation are discussed. W. Kleeven et al., 16th Int. Conf. Cycl. Appl. 2001, East-Lansing.
	Slides THD03 [4.060 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-THD03
About •	paper received ※ 19 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 27 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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FRA02	Current Status of Sumitomo’s Superconducting Cyclotron Development for Proton Therapy	cyclotron, cavity, proton, ion-source	340
	H. Tsutsui, Y. Arakawa, Y. Ebara, A. Hashimoto, M. Hirabayashi, T. Hirayama, N. Kamiguchi, J. Kanakura, Y. Kumata, Y. Mikami, H. Mitsubori, T. Miyashita, T. Morie, H. Murata, H. Oda, H. Ookubo, T. Sakemi, M. Sano, T. Tachikawa, T. Takahashi, K. Taki, T. Tsurudome, T. Watanabe, J.Y. Yoshida SHI, Tokyo, Japan
	Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. is developing a com-pact superconducting isochronous 230 MeV cyclotron for proton therapy. It is designed to produce 1000 nA proton beams for high dose rate cancer treatment. The cyclotron magnet, which includes a liquid-helium-free cryostat, has been fabricated and the magnetic field has been measured. Magnetic field distribution and pa-rameters such as horizontal and vertical tunes agreed well with the original design. A 120 kW solid-state RF system is being tested. Other components such as the ion source and electrostatic deflector are being fabricated. After the testing of individual components, they will be assembled and beam testing will be scheduled at a new test site.
	Slides FRA02 [8.556 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-FRA02
About •	paper received ※ 13 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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FRA03	Energy Reduction of Varian’s ProBeam 250 MeV Cyclotron to 226 MeV	cyclotron, proton, MMI, simulation	344
	A. Roth, E.M. Akcöltekin, O. Boldt, F. Klarner, H. Röcken, T. Stephani, J.C. Wittschen VMS-PT, Troisdorf, Germany
	With its superconducting 250 MeV isochronous proton cyclotron AC250, Varian uses a powerful accelerator for the ProBeam particle therapy systems. However, data from clinical operation has shown that the vast majority of treatments is only making use of proton ranges of less than 30 cm WET (water equivalent thickness), i.e. beam energy of 218 MeV at the patient. This led to a decision at Varian in Dec 2018 to conduct a redesign program with the goal to reduce extraction energy of the ProBeam cyclotron to 226 MeV. We present beam dynamics simulations for the AC226 beam acceleration and extraction. They actually show that only a reduced main coil current and adapted magnetic shimming process, as well as a slightly lower RF frequency is needed for re-tune. Furthermore, results indicate that a similar performance as compared to the AC250 can be expected. A first of its kind (FOIK) AC226 cyclotron is built by seamless integration into Varian’s production process. The magnetic field measurement and shimming is completed, in-house RF and beam commissioning is planned for autumn 2019. We report on the status of the FOIK machine.
	Slides FRA03 [4.697 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-FRA03
About •	paper received ※ 14 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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FRB03	3D Radio Frequency Simulation of the INFN-LNS Superconducting Cyclotron	cyclotron, simulation, cavity, experiment	361
	G. Torrisi, L. Allegra, L. Calabretta, A.C. Caruso, G. Costa, G. Gallo, A. Longhitano, L. Neri, D. Rifuggiato INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
	An upgrade plan of the Superconducting Cyclotron operating at INFN-LNS is ongoing. In this paper, a 3D numerical model of the Cyclotron radio frequency cavity is presented. Simulations include the coaxial sliding shorts, liner vacuum chamber, coupler, trimming capacitor and the Dees structures. CST microwave studio software has been used for numerical computation. RF simulations are mandatory also in order to analyze the field in the beam region and evaluate the impact of different Dees geometry and eventual field asymmetries. Moreover, 3D COMSOL Multiphysics simulations have been carried out in order to couple the electromagnetic field solution to a custom beam-dynamics code developed in Matlab as a future plan. Time evolution of accelerated beam and electromagnetic field make also possible to verify the magnetic field synchronization. Experimental validation of the developed model will be also presented.
	Slides FRB03 [19.931 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-FRB03
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
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Paper

Title

Other Keywords

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MOP002

Recent Progress on Ion Source of SC200 Cyclotron

ion-source, cyclotron, proton, experiment

24

Y. Zhao, G. Chen
ASIPP, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
L. Calabretta
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
O. Karamyshev
JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
G.A. Karamysheva, G. Shirkov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
S.W. Xu
USTC, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China

Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No. 11775258 & 11575237 and International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Project of Anhui (grant No. 1704e1002207).
A 200MeV compact superconducting cyclotron, named SC200, for proton therapy is under development by collaboration of ASIPP (Hefei, China) and JINR (Dubna, Russia). The ion source is a significant subsystem of the cyclotron. A hot cathode internal ion source has been designed and tested for SC200 cyclotron. The ion source has been successfully arc discharged on the test bench. The extracted beam current has been measured over 100 uA and filament lifetime of ion source exceeded 100 h, which indicated that the ion source meets the design requirements. The stability of the filament under strong magnetic field has also been tested and the differences between the two kinds of filament are compared.

Poster MOP002 [0.519 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP002

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paper received ※ 09 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOP003

Optimal Design and Fluid-Solid Coupling Thermal Analysis of SC200 Superconducting Proton Cyclotron Electrostatic Deflector

septum, proton, simulation, cyclotron

27

Y. Xu, Y. Chen, K.Z. Ding, X.Y. Huang, J. Li, K. Pei, Y. Song
ASIPP, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
K. Gu
HFCIM, HeFei, People’s Republic of China

Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No. 11775258 & 11575237 and International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Project of Anhui (grant No. 1704e1002207).
In recent years, the study of proton therapy equipment has received increasing attention in China. Hefei CAS Ion Medical and Technical Devices Co., Ltd. (HFCIM) is developing a proton medical device based on the super-conducting proton cyclotron. The electrostatic deflector (ESD) is the key extraction component of the SC200 superconducting cyclotron, which uses a high-intensity electric field to bend the beam from the track. The fierce interaction between the proton beam and the deflector septum, causes a great loss of beam and unwanted excess heat accumulation and radiation. In order to minimize the risk of damage caused by the proton beam loss, the fluid solid-thermal coupling analysis of the deflector was per-formed by applying computational fluid dynamics (CFD) on ANSYS. The maximum temperatures of the septum in various cases of the cooling water speed, the septum thickness and material have been investigated respective-ly. The result based on analysis provide a valuable refer-ence for the further optimization on the material selection and structural design for ESD.

Poster MOP003 [0.735 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP003

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paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOP004

Beam Dynamics Simulation of the Extraction for a Superconducting Cyclotron SC240

cyclotron, proton, simulation, emittance

31

Z. Wu, K.Z. Ding, J. Li, Y. Song
ASIPP, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
Z. Wang
HFCIM, HeFei, People’s Republic of China

In order to diversify the company’s cyclotron, a design study has been carried out on a 240 MeV superconducting cyclotron SC240 for proton therapy, which is based on our experience in design of SC200. In order to increase turn separation and extraction efficiency, resonant precessional extraction method is employed in the extraction system. A first harmonic field consistent with the Gaussian distribution is added to introduce beam precessional motion. Its effects on phase space evolution and turn separation increase is studied by a high efficiency beam dynamics simulation code. According to the study, its amplitude and phase have been optimized to meet the requirements of extraction beam dynamics. Based on beam dynamics simulation, the parameters of extraction system elements (two electrostatic deflectors and six magnetic channels) are chosen. Besides, the effects of sectors spiral direction on beam extraction are studied. Extraction efficiencies and beam parameters have been calculated.

Poster MOP004 [1.696 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP004

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paper received ※ 14 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOP006

The Design and Simulation on the Extraction System for CYCIAE-50

proton, cyclotron, simulation, radiation

35

S. An, F.P. Guan, P. Huang, L.Y. Ji, M. Li, Y.L. Lv, S.M. Wei, L.P. Wen, H.D. Xie, J.S. Xing, T.J. Zhang, X. Zheng
CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

A 50 MeV H⁻ compact cyclotron (CYCIAE-50) as a proton irradiation facility is under construction at China Institute of Atomic Energy. The proton beam with the energy of 30 MeV to 50 MeV and the current of 10 uA will be extracted by a single stripping extraction system. In order to reduce the beam loss, the combination magnet is fixed inside the magnetism yoke. The positions of stripping points for the different extraction energy are calculated and the extracted beam trajectories after stripping foil are simulated in detail in this paper. The extracted beam distribution after stripping foil and the extracted beam characters will be studied in this paper. The beam parameters after extraction will be given by the extracting orbit simulation. The design on the whole stripping extraction system has been finished and will be presented in this paper.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP006

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paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOP013

Mechanical Modifications of the Median Plane for the Superconducting Cyclotron Upgrade

cyclotron, superconducting-magnet, simulation, vacuum

51

G. Gallo, L. Allegra, L. Calabretta, A.C. Caruso, G. Costa, E. Messina, M.S. Musumeci, D. Rifuggiato, E. Zappalà
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy

The Superconducting Cyclotron (CS) is a three sectors, compact accelerator with a wide operating diagram, capable of accelerating heavy ions with q/A from 0.1 to 0.5 up to energies from 2 to 100 MeV/u. Recently a significant upgrade has been proposed to increase the light ion beam intensity by means of extraction by stripping. For the implementation of the new extraction mode, many relevant modifications are needed in the median plane. The biggest upgrade action is the replacement of the present superconducting magnet with a new one, compatible with the beam trajectory and envelope in the extraction by stripping. The extraction by stripping mode implies the installation of two stripper systems, one in a hill and the other in a valley, that allow to extract all the ions requested by the users. Finally, since the present electrostatic extraction mode will be maintained, several relevant mechanical issues have to be faced when switching from one extraction mode to the other one, the location of one electrostatic deflector being the same as the stripper system. The focus of this paper will be the presentation of the different mechanical features involved in the upgrade.

Poster MOP013 [1.583 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP013

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paper received ※ 12 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOP014

3D Magnetic Optimization of the New Extraction Channel for the LNS Superconducting Cyclotron

cyclotron, simulation, focusing, acceleration

54

L. Neri, L. Allegra, L. Calabretta, G. Costa, G. D’Agostino, G. Gallo, D. Rifuggiato, A.D. Russo, G. Torrisi
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy

The upgrade of the Superconducting Cyclotron operating at INFN-LNS is the main objective of the general upgrade of the LNS facility, consisting in the enhancement of light ion beam intensity. To overcome the present maximum power of 100 W of the beam extracted by electrostatic deflector and achieve a beam power as high as 10 kW, the implementation of the extraction by stripping method has been proposed. Intense ion beams with mass in the range 10 to 40 amu (12C, 18O, 20Ne, 40Ar) in the energy range of interest (15-70 MeV/u) will be delivered to the NUMEN experiment, as well as used for production of in-flight radioactive beams. The present work consists in the optimization of the magnetic channels needed to limit the radial and axial beam envelopes. The design of the magnetic channels has been accomplished by fully three-dimensional magneto-static simulations using Comsol Multiphysics and a custom transport code developed in Matlab along the last year at INFN-LNS. The effect of a magnetic shielding structure in the extraction channel is presented, together with the possibility of producing a magnetic gradient from an asymmetric coil.

Poster MOP014 [2.968 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP014

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paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOP020

Simulation of the Beam Extraction System of DC140 Cyclotron of FLNR JINR

cyclotron, simulation, radiation, betatron

73

N.Yu. Kazarinov, G.G. Gulbekyan, I.A. Ivanenko
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reaction of Joint Institute for Nuclear Research carries out the works under creating FLNR JINR Irradiation Facility based on the cyclotron DC140. The facility is intended for SEE testing of microchip, for production of track membranes and for solving of applied physics problems. The main systems of DC140 are based on the DC72 cyclotron ones that now are under reconstruction. The DC140 cyclotron is intended for acceleration of heavy ions with mass-to-charge ratio A/Z within interval from 5 to 5.5 up to two fixed energies 2.136 and 4.8 MeV per unit mass. The intensity of the accelerated ions will be about 1 pµAmps for light ions (A<86) and about 0.1 pµAmps for heavier ions (A>132). The beam extraction system consists of electrostatic deflector and two magnetic channels. The simulation of the extraction system of the cyclotron is presented in this report. The extracted beams characteristics outside the cyclotron, that will serve as initial conditions for the design of experimental beam lines of FLNR JINR IF are determined.

Poster MOP020 [9.336 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP020

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paper received ※ 29 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOP021

Simulation of Beam Extraction from TR24 Cyclotron at IPHC

cyclotron, emittance, betatron, experiment

76

N.Yu. Kazarinov, I.A. Ivanenko
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
T. Adam, F.R. Osswald, E.K. Traykov
IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France

The CYRCé (CYclotron pour la ReCherche et Enseignement) TR24 cyclotron is used at IPHC (Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien) for the production of radio-isotopes for diagnostics, medical treatments and fundamental research in radiobiology. The TR24 cyclotron produced and commercialized by ACSI delivers a 16-25 MeV proton beam with intensity from few nA up to 500 µA. The TR24 is a compact isochronous cyclotron with normal-conducting magnet and stripper foil for the beam extraction. The calculation model for OPERA 3D program code is described. The magnetic field map in the working region of the cyclotron is generated. The beam characteristics outside the cyclotron, that will serve as initial conditions for the design of future beam lines are determined.

Poster MOP021 [15.509 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP021

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paper received ※ 29 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOP022

Project of a Novel Multi-Orbital Beam Bunching and Extraction from the U-120M Cyclotron

cyclotron, target, neutron, bunching

80

M. Čihák, R. Běhal, P. Krist, T. Matlocha, J. Stursa, V. Zach
NPI, Řež near Prague, Czech Republic

We introduce the bunching system for a time structure control of the U-120M cyclotron beam. The system is based on a unique pulsed vertical deflection of the selected final orbits of the internal accelerated beam of the H⁻ ions to an extractor-stripper (a thin carbon foil positioned below the cyclotron median plane). A set of home-made programs have been developed for simulations and parameters determination of the system. Results of some simulations (i.e. dimensions of the deflection system, parameters of the pulsed high voltage power supply, position of the stripper, beam trajectories, beam parameters, beam losses, Be target position etc.) are presented. The system will be used for fast neutron generation and consequently for spectrometric measurement of neutron energy by the time of flight (ToF) method. The system will provide beam bunch interval up to 1000 ns range of a defined beam time structure (up to beam bunch period to beam bunch width ratio min 100).

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP022

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paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOP031

Design of High Sensitive Magnet and Beam Dynamics for AMS Cyclotron

cyclotron, ion-source, radio-frequency, simulation

103

H. Namgoong, J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi, D.H. Ha, H.S. Kim, J.C. Lee
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea

To produce a carbon-14 for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS), AMS Cyclotron magnet was designed. For the AMS system, Cyclotron magnet has been required high mass resolution. In order to realize high mass resolution, the phase error is designed within ±10 and the mass resolution was 5000. We used CST particle studio and Cyclone for beam dynamics simulation of this cyclotron magnet. This paper describes the AMS cyclotron magnet and beam dynamics design.

Poster MOP031 [2.281 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP031

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paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOP035

Extraction Beam Orbit of a 250 MeV Superconducting Cyclotron

cyclotron, MMI, resonance, proton

113

H.J. Zhang, K. Fan, Y. Yan
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology,, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
Y.-N. Rao
TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
L.G. Zhang
HUST, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China

Funding: The work is supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (11775087).
A superconducting cyclotron based on proton therapy facility is being developed at Huazhong university of science and technology (HUST). Due to the compact size of the main magnet, the beam orbits at the extraction region are distributed densely, which creates difficulties for beam extraction leading to severe beam loss. In order to deal with these challenges, the orbit precession method has been employed in the extraction system design. In this paper, we introduce a method of employing a first harmonic field near the nu_r=1 resonance where the beam energy is about 248 MeV to adjust the amplitude of beam orbit oscillation. The optimum amplitude and phase of the first harmonic field are designed to obtain a large turn separation in the extraction region. Three different ways of generating the first harmonic field are compared for optimization.

Poster MOP035 [0.777 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP035

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paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 24 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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MOP036

The Magnetic Field Design of Cyclotron at IMP

cyclotron, focusing, MMI, cryogenics

116

Q.G. Yao, B. Wang, B.M. Wu, W. Wu, L. Yang
IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China

A cyclotron magnet is studied at Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMP, CAS), and the whole system include one main magnet and other magnetic gradient correctors, which is used to accelerate the Kr²⁶⁺ beam. The structure of superconducting coils and room-temperature iron core are adopted for the main magnet. This paper describes the magnetic field design of the cyclotron, and several shimming methods are used to meet the isochronous magnetic field of Kr²⁶⁺ beam, including pole face shimming method and side shimming method. The final optimization results show that the error between simulation and theory value is small. In addition, the magnet structure is also described.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-MOP036

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paper received ※ 17 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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TUB02

JINR PROJECTS of CYCLOTRON FOR PROTON THERAPY

cyclotron, cavity, proton, simulation

140

O. Karamyshev, K. Bunyatov, S. Gurskiy, G.A. Karamysheva, D.P. Popov, G. Shirkov, S.G. Shirkov, V.L. Smirnov, S.B. Vorozhtsov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
V. Malinin
JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia

Physical design of the compact superconducting cyclotron SC230 (91.5MHz) has been performed. The cyclotron can deliver up to 230 MeV beam for proton therapy and medico-biological research. As the cyclotron will have a relatively small magnet field, it is possible to use both superconducting and resistive coil. Besides a superconducting cyclotron we simulate design of the cyclotron with a conventional copper water-cooled coil. Such a solution allows us to achieve a lower price compared to superconducting options, but it becomes a bit heavier.

Slides TUB02 [8.397 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUB02

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paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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TUP008

The Cyclotron TR-FLEX at the Center for Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf

target, cyclotron, operation, proton

166

M. Kreller, T. Knieß
HZDR, Dresden, Germany
S. Preusche
Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany

The new Center for Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research was established at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e. V. to centralize the main units: a high current proton cyclotron, a radiopharmaceutical production – GMP unit including quality control, laboratories for PET-radiochemistry, chemical and biochemical laboratories and laboratories for small animal imaging. The cyclotron TR-Flex was put into operation in 2017 and it is equipped with two extraction ports. Both are movable to adjust the proton energy in the range from 15 MeV up to 30 MeV. One extraction port is coupled with a combination magnet and two beam lines. A [123I]I-gas target station is installed at the first beam line and a four-port target selector at beamline two and at the second extraction port. Two [18F]F-water targets, a [18F]F2-gas target, a [11C]CH₄-gas target, a [11C]CO₂-gas target, a 30° and a 90° solid state target are mounted on the target selectors. In our contribution we report our experience of the new cyclotron during the first two operation years. Typical beam parameters and the reliability of the TR-FLEX are presented. Furthermore we describe the new home-built Radionuclide Distribution System.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP008

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paper received ※ 18 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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TUP011

Upgrade of the Central Region of the Superconducting Cyclotron at INFN-LNS

cyclotron, injection, simulation, acceleration

177

G. D’Agostino, L. Calabretta, D. Rifuggiato
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
W.J.G.M. Kleeven
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

The Superconducting Cyclotron (CS) at INFN-LNS is regularly operated with beam power up to 100 W. The present efforts in upgrading the cyclotron are directed towards an increase of beam power up to 10 kW for ions with mass number A < 40 and energies between 15 and 70 AMeV by means of increase of beam intensity. Moreover, a beam energy resolution of 0.1% is requested by the NUMEN project at INFN-LNS. We plan to achieve high beam power by increasing the efficiency of the injection and extraction processes. The current extraction efficiency is lower than 60%. We expect to increase it to a value close to 100% by extracting the specific ion beams by stripping and no longer by electrostatic deflectors. A spiral inflector is used to bent onto the median plane the ion beams produced by the two ECR ion sources. Including the effect of a drift buncher placed in the axial injection line, the current injection efficiency is about 15%. The study of an upgraded CS central region is ongoing at INFN-LNS. First results of simulation study aimed to increase the injection efficiency are presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP011

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paper received ※ 14 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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TUP014

Deflecting System Upgrade Initial Simulations for 37 MeV Cyclotron at NPI Řež

cyclotron, septum, simulation, proton

185

T. Matlocha
NPI, Řež near Prague, Czech Republic

NPI Řež U-120M multi-particle variable energy cyclotron system for positive ions extraction consists of three electrostatic deflectors, one active magnetic channel and an electromagnetic bump exciter. The deflectors transmission ratio for deuterons, alpha particles and Helium 3 ions is rather low, usually about 10%, for protons it is far below 5%. Based on an experience from other cyclotron laboratories, the general concept of the extraction system has been modified and the last two electrostatic deflectors were replaced with two magnetic channels. In the early stage of the upgrade, simulations were performed for protons at 28 MeV and Helium 3 ions at 44 MeV with and without the magnetic bump exciter. The extraction efficiency and beam losses along the extraction path are evaluated. The presented modified extraction system simulations suggest promising results. The total transmission ratio of the deflecting system has increased significantly, allowing work to continue and expect a positive final result.

Poster TUP014 [1.241 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP014

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paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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TUP017

Manufacturing and Commissioning of Cyclotrons in a Series Production at Varian

MMI, cyclotron, radiation, proton

192

O. Boldt, M. Eichel, S. Lucht, L. Netterdon, A. Roth, M. Seher, T. Stephani, M. Wiesner
VMS-PT, Troisdorf, Germany

On 16th March 2019, Varian celebrated the 10th anniversary of first patient treatment in the Munich Proton Center, Germany. Since the first cyclotron installation, 22 more 250 MeV superconducting isochronous proton cyclotrons have successfully been manufactured, commissioned, and tested in our Troisdorf production line. During this process, an increasing experience with the cyclotron’s internal mechanisms and underlying physics allowed for a nowadays significant faster commissioning lead time without having changed the hardware setup substantially. Furthermore, we can already verify full clinical performance of each cyclotron in the factory test cells before delivery to the customer. Essential improvements in the areas of qualification of magnetic field configuration, RF conditioning, and beam commissioning are presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP017

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paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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TUP024

Muon Cyclotron for Transmission Muon Microscope

cyclotron, acceleration, flattop, cavity

208

T. Yamazaki, Y. Nagatani
KEK, Tokai Branch, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki, Japan
T. Adachi, Y. Miyake
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
A. Goto, J. Ohnishi
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
Y. Kumata, S. Kusuoka, T. Onda, H. Tsutsui
SHI, Tokyo, Japan

Funding: This work is supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP17H06126 and JP19H05194.
A transmission muon microscope is an unprecedented tool which enables its users to reconstruct 3D image of samples such as a living cell. Muons can gain penetrative power as their energy increase, though electrons above 1 MeV start to trigger electromagnetic showers and protons above 1 GeV cause nuclear reactions. Muons accelerated up to about 5 MeV are able to penetrate a living cell (~ 10 um), which is impossible with ultra-high voltage (1 MeV) electron microscopes. In order to accelerate muons, efficient acceleration is necessary because the lifetime of muons is only 2.2 us. In addition, it is important to accelerate muons without increasing their energy dispersion. A cyclotron with a flat-top acceleration system is the best suited for the transmission muon microscope and is being developed at the J-PARC muon facility (MUSE). In this poster, the transmission muon microscope project and the development of the muon cyclotron will be presented.

Poster TUP024 [1.366 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP024

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paper received ※ 14 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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TUP025

Feasibility Study for Converting the CS-30 Into a Variable Energy Cyclotron for Isotopes Production Using the Internal Target System

target, cyclotron, radiation, proton

212

H.A. Kassim
KSU, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
H.F. Akhdar
Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
F.M. Alrumayan, A.M. Hendy
King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Funding: This project was supported by the NSTIP Strategic Technologies Program in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, award no. 14-MAT-1233-20.
This paper reports a method to reduce the beam energy of the CS-30 cyclotron from 26.5 up to 10 MeV using the internal target system in CS-30 cyclotrons for isotopes production. Irradiation of solid targets, in this type of cyclotrons, take place when the target is positioned horizontally inside the cyclotron tank. In its final position, the target plate interrupts the beam from completing its orbit and nuclear reactions take place. Calculations are made to determine the beam energy as a function of radius. Verification of the new method was achieved by producing pure Ga-68 at an energy level of 11.5 MeV.
[1] Gordon, M. M., Calculation of isochronous fields for sector-focused cyclotrons, Part. Accel., 13 (1983) 67-84
[2] Smith, Lloyd, ORBIT DYNAMICS IN THE SPIRAL-RIDGED CYCLOTRON, (2010)
[3] Kleeven, W. J. G. M., Theory of accelerated orbits and space charge effects in an AVF cyclotron Eindhoven: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, (1988)DOI: 10.6100/IR288492

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP025

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paper received ※ 13 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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TUP029

A 15-Mev/nucleon Iso-Cyclotron for Security and Radioisotope Production

cyclotron, cavity, acceleration, injection

223

C. Johnstone
PAC, Batavia, Illinois, USA
R.B. Agustsson, S. Boucher, S.V. Kutsaev, A.Yu. Smirnov
RadiaBeam, Marina del Rey, California, USA
R.C. Lanza
MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

Funding: Work supported by US Dept of Energy under a Small Business Innovation Research Grant
Cargo inspection systems exploit the broad bremsstrahlung spectrum from a 6-10 MeV, low-duty cycle electron accelerator which in the presence of significant backgrounds presents challenges in image and material identification. An alternative approach is to use ions which can excite nuclear states either directly, or through generation of secondary high-energy signature gammas produced from nuclear interactions in a target. RadiaBeam is designing a compact sector isocyclotron 1.25 m in radius, with high-gradient cavities to accelerate multi-ion species up to 15-20 MeV/u with large turn-to turn, centimeter-level separation for low-loss extraction without lossy foil stripping. A strong-focusing radial field profile will be optimized in a separated-sector format for control over machine tune simultaneous with isochronous orbist requirements for high-current (~0.5 milliamp) operation. Innovation in injection will be introduced to replace the high-loss central region. Non-security applications of the cyclotron include medical isotope production, ion radiobiology, as well as material science research and ion instrumentation development.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP029

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paper received ※ 19 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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TUP035

Development of a Center Region for New Sumitomo Cyclotron

cyclotron, ion-source, proton, cathode

240

N. Kamiguchi, M. Hirabayashi, J. Kanakura, Y. Kumata, Y. Mikami, H. Murata, H. Oda, T. Tachikawa, T. Takahashi, T. Tsurudome, H. Tsutsui, J.Y. Yoshida
SHI, Kanagawa, Japan

We, Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd., have been developing a new AVF cyclotron which employs a super-conducting magnet. This cyclotron purposes proton therapy fields and is most compact and high intensity among AVF cyclotrons which can accelerate to 230 MeV. In this paper we report and focus on its center region. The center region consists of bellows. The PIG ion source with hot cathode is located at the center of the cyclotron. As this cyclotron has 3 T magnetic field, the filament receives the Lorentz force strongly. To avoid the filament deformation, AC current heating is newly introduced into this ion source. The over 40 µA output have been already confirmed in our test bench. The extraction of the proton beam is conducted with an RF electric field. On one counter dee electrode a beam chopper is equipped and on the other counter dee electrode, phase slits, a pair of vertical beam dumpers and a beam probe are equipped. To control the beam current, static electric beam choppers deflect the beam direction vertically. C-H coils are put on outside of the center region in the valley. In this paper, the concept of the center region of this new cyclotron will be discussed.

Poster TUP035 [1.416 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP035

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paper received ※ 13 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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TUP036

Optical Design of AVF Weak-Focusing Accelerator

septum, focusing, cyclotron, resonance

242

C. Hori, T. Aoki, T. Seki
Hitachi Ltd., Ibaraki-ken, Japan
T. Hae, H. Hiramoto
Hitachi Ltd., Hitachi Research Laboratory, Ibaraki-ken, Japan

A trend in proton beam therapy systems is downsizing their footprints. A larger main magnetic field for the downsizing, however, requires a septum magnet to generate a larger magnetic field for beam extraction. In order to relax the specification of the septum magnet, we consider an azimuthally varying field (AVF) weak-focusing accelerator. The magnetic fields of its hills and valleys can be designed while maintaining the average magnetic fields over the design orbits. Thus, by locating the septum magnet near one of the valleys, the specification is relaxed while keeping the footprint of the accelerator. In this study, we show an optical design of an AVF weak-focusing accelerator with cotangential orbits. The magnetic field in the valleys is smaller than the average magnetic field over the maximum energy orbit by 0.2 T. We evaluate gradient magnetic fields required for beam extraction and find the possibility of variable energy extraction by the static gradient fields.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP036

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paper received ※ 13 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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TUP037

Compact Cotangential Orbit Accelerator for Particle Therapy

kicker, septum, cavity, proton

245

T. Hae, H. Hiramoto
Hitachi Ltd., Hitachi Research Laboratory, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
T. Aoki, C. Hori, Y. Nakashima, F. Noda, T. Seki
Hitachi Ltd., Ibaraki-ken, Japan

A new type accelerator is being developed for the next generation particle therapy system. This accelerator utilizes a weak focusing DC magnetic field and a frequency modulated RF acceleration. Since a superconducting magnet is applicable to the main magnet, the accelerator can be compact. The accelerator characteristically has cotangential orbits to form an orbit-concentrated region. A beam is extracted from the region by using a new extraction method with the trans-verse RF kicker, peeler and regenerator magnetic fields. In this method an extracted beam energy can be controlled by applied time of the acceleration RF voltage without using an energy selection system (ESS). Intensity and pulse width of the extracted beam can be controlled by a voltage and / or a frequency pattern of the RF kicker.

Poster TUP037 [0.740 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP037

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paper received ※ 13 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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WEA02

The Developments of the RF System Related to the K-800 Superconducting Cyclotron Upgrade

cyclotron, cavity, acceleration, LLRF

262

A.C. Caruso, L. Calabretta, G. Costa, G. Gallo, A. Longhitano, D. Rifuggiato, A. Spartà, G. Torrisi, E. Zappalà
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy

The K-800 superconducting cyclotron has been in operation at Laboratori Nazionali del Sud for almost 25 years. It has been subjected to continuous upgrades and modifications since 1994: the RF couplers have been redesigned, the new dees have been changed from aluminium to copper, as has the new central region from radial to axial injection of the beam, the hybrid configuration solid state - tube of the power amplifiers, the digital LLRF, etc. The next scheduled important upgrade of the Cyclotron mainly consists in a new extraction beam line able to support the increase of the beam current intensity. The accelerated beam will be extracted in two ways: by stripper and by electrostatic deflector and, consequently, one of the most important features of the new upgrade is the new cryostat. Further upgrades and refurbishments of the other main parts of the cyclotron, such as a new liner, the modification of the RF cavities and dees, the refurbishment of HLRF-LLRF, the insertion of the stripper extraction system, to name but a few, are in progress, too. This work focuses on the RF system upgrade.

Slides WEA02 [10.816 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-WEA02

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paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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WEC01

Conceptual Design of Central Region for High-Temperature Superconducting Skeleton Cyclotron (HTS-SC)

cyclotron, injection, space-charge, neutron

279

H.W. Koay, M. Fukuda, H. Kanda, M. Nakao, T. Yorita
RCNP, Osaka, Japan

A compact high-current accelerator is highly desirable for short and effective Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) as well as radioisotopes production in a hospital environment. In accordance with this, a compact high-temperature superconducting skeleton cyclotron (HTS-SC) was proposed. HTS-SC is an air-core K-80 cyclotron with a relatively small extraction radius of 40 cm for a 50 MeV H⁺ and 40 MeV D⁺ beam. Owing to its compactness, a relatively high central magnetic field (>2.4 T) remains as a significant challenge for high current injection. This work describes a preliminary study of the injection using a spiral inflector and the central region design of the HTS-SC. Besides, the transverse beam dynamics are also discussed in order to investigate the upper limit of injection current.

Slides WEC01 [3.191 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-WEC01

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paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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THB02

Production of 70 MeV Proton Beam in a Superconducting Cyclotron

cyclotron, proton, acceleration, focusing

294

V.L. Smirnov, S.B. Vorozhtsov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

Production of 70 MeV proton beams with help of a cyclotron-type facility is one of highly requested tasks presently. Such beams are used for medical applications including direct tumor irradiation and also for production of medical isotopes. The applications mentioned above dictate corresponding requirements imposed on the beam quality and intensity. For proton therapy treatment it is sufficient to have 300-600 nA output beam current with rather strict tolerance on the transverse beam quality. On the other hand, for the isotope production the major requirement is high enough beam intensity (hundreds µA) with less demanding beam quality. Nowadays, for production of the proton beams in the energy range considered cyclotrons with resistive coil weighting ~200 tons are mostly used. In these cyclotrons two extraction methods - with electrostatic deflector and with stripping foils - can provide somewhat different quality of the output beam. In given report a possibility of using a superconducting cyclotron instead of room-temperature one is considered. To this end, acceleration of various ions was investigated with analysis of the main facility parameters and resulting output beams.

Slides THB02 [2.733 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-THB02

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paper received ※ 06 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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THB03

Conceptual Design of TR¹⁰⁰⁺: An Innovative Superconducting Cyclotron for Commercial Isotopes Production

cyclotron, proton, acceleration, electron

298

Y.-N. Rao, R.A. Baartman, Y. Bylinskii, T. Planche, L.G. Zhang
TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada

Utilizing dedicated cyclotrons to produce medical isotopes is an arising technology in hospitals across Canada. Thus, in January 2015, the CycloMed99 team, led by TRIUMF, demonstrated a breakthrough in producing the world’s most highly used medical isotope, technetium-99m (Tc-99m), on existing medical cyclotrons. Now we propose to design an innovative superconducting cyclotron for production of commercially valuable radioisotopes. This project will be focusing on a proton energy of 70-150 MeV and proton current of 2 mA. In this energy range, numerous increasingly demanded radioÂnuclides can be produced, either as parent nuclei for generator use, or directly as a active pharmaceutical ingredient, e.g. Strontium-82 (Sr-82), Actinium-235 (Ac-235) and Bismuth-213 (Bi-213). Our machine shall be designed to accelerate H²⁺, by injection from external ion source and extraction by stripping. This shall allow to simultaneously extract multiple cw proton beams of variable currents and potentially variable energies to multiple experimental stations with extremely high extraction efficiency. The basic parameters of the machine and the simulations of stripping extraction will be presented.

Slides THB03 [3.030 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-THB03

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paper received ※ 17 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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THD03

An Improved Concept for Self-Extraction Cyclotrons

cyclotron, ion-source, simulation, site

330

W.J.G.M. Kleeven, E. Forton
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

A study is made for an improved concept of self-extraction in low and medium energy cyclotrons to be used for production of medical isotopes. The prototype of the self-extracting cyclotron was realized around the year 2001*. From this machine, currents higher than 1 mA were extracted and transported to a Pd-10³ production target. However, at the higher intensities, the extraction efficiency was dropping to about 70-75%, and the extracted emittance was rather poor, leading to additional losses in the beamline. Several improvements of the original concept are proposed: i) the beam coherent oscillation (as needed for good extraction) is no longer generated with harmonic coils, but is obtained from a significant off-centring of the ion source, ii) the cyclotron magnet has perfect 2-fold symmetry, allowing the placement of two internal sources and dual extraction on two opposite hill sectors, iii) a substantial improvement of the magnetic profile of the hill sectors. Simulations show an extraction efficiency up to almost 95% and emittances at least a factor 3 lower as compared to the original design. The new magnetic design is shown, and results of beam simulation are discussed.
* W. Kleeven et al., 16th Int. Conf. Cycl. Appl. 2001, East-Lansing.

Slides THD03 [4.060 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-THD03

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paper received ※ 19 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 27 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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FRA02

Current Status of Sumitomo’s Superconducting Cyclotron Development for Proton Therapy

cyclotron, cavity, proton, ion-source

340

H. Tsutsui, Y. Arakawa, Y. Ebara, A. Hashimoto, M. Hirabayashi, T. Hirayama, N. Kamiguchi, J. Kanakura, Y. Kumata, Y. Mikami, H. Mitsubori, T. Miyashita, T. Morie, H. Murata, H. Oda, H. Ookubo, T. Sakemi, M. Sano, T. Tachikawa, T. Takahashi, K. Taki, T. Tsurudome, T. Watanabe, J.Y. Yoshida
SHI, Tokyo, Japan

Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. is developing a com-pact superconducting isochronous 230 MeV cyclotron for proton therapy. It is designed to produce 1000 nA proton beams for high dose rate cancer treatment. The cyclotron magnet, which includes a liquid-helium-free cryostat, has been fabricated and the magnetic field has been measured. Magnetic field distribution and pa-rameters such as horizontal and vertical tunes agreed well with the original design. A 120 kW solid-state RF system is being tested. Other components such as the ion source and electrostatic deflector are being fabricated. After the testing of individual components, they will be assembled and beam testing will be scheduled at a new test site.

Slides FRA02 [8.556 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-FRA02

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paper received ※ 13 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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FRA03

Energy Reduction of Varian’s ProBeam 250 MeV Cyclotron to 226 MeV

cyclotron, proton, MMI, simulation

344

A. Roth, E.M. Akcöltekin, O. Boldt, F. Klarner, H. Röcken, T. Stephani, J.C. Wittschen
VMS-PT, Troisdorf, Germany

With its superconducting 250 MeV isochronous proton cyclotron AC250, Varian uses a powerful accelerator for the ProBeam particle therapy systems. However, data from clinical operation has shown that the vast majority of treatments is only making use of proton ranges of less than 30 cm WET (water equivalent thickness), i.e. beam energy of 218 MeV at the patient. This led to a decision at Varian in Dec 2018 to conduct a redesign program with the goal to reduce extraction energy of the ProBeam cyclotron to 226 MeV. We present beam dynamics simulations for the AC226 beam acceleration and extraction. They actually show that only a reduced main coil current and adapted magnetic shimming process, as well as a slightly lower RF frequency is needed for re-tune. Furthermore, results indicate that a similar performance as compared to the AC250 can be expected. A first of its kind (FOIK) AC226 cyclotron is built by seamless integration into Varian’s production process. The magnetic field measurement and shimming is completed, in-house RF and beam commissioning is planned for autumn 2019. We report on the status of the FOIK machine.

Slides FRA03 [4.697 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-FRA03

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paper received ※ 14 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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FRB03

3D Radio Frequency Simulation of the INFN-LNS Superconducting Cyclotron

cyclotron, simulation, cavity, experiment

361

G. Torrisi, L. Allegra, L. Calabretta, A.C. Caruso, G. Costa, G. Gallo, A. Longhitano, L. Neri, D. Rifuggiato
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy

An upgrade plan of the Superconducting Cyclotron operating at INFN-LNS is ongoing. In this paper, a 3D numerical model of the Cyclotron radio frequency cavity is presented. Simulations include the coaxial sliding shorts, liner vacuum chamber, coupler, trimming capacitor and the Dees structures. CST microwave studio software has been used for numerical computation. RF simulations are mandatory also in order to analyze the field in the beam region and evaluate the impact of different Dees geometry and eventual field asymmetries. Moreover, 3D COMSOL Multiphysics simulations have been carried out in order to couple the electromagnetic field solution to a custom beam-dynamics code developed in Matlab as a future plan. Time evolution of accelerated beam and electromagnetic field make also possible to verify the magnetic field synchronization. Experimental validation of the developed model will be also presented.

Slides FRB03 [19.931 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-FRB03

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paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

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