Cyclotrons2019 - List of Keywords (detector)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
TUA02	Novel Irradiation Methods for Theranostic Radioisotope Production With Solid Targets at the Bern Medical Cyclotron	target, cyclotron, radiation, proton	127
	S. Braccini LHEP, Bern, Switzerland C. Belver-Aguilar, T.S. Carzaniga, G. Dellepiane, P. Haeffner, P. Scampoli AEC, Bern, Switzerland P. Scampoli Naples University Federico II, Napoli, Italy
	The production of medical radioisotopes for theranostics is essential for the development of personalized nuclear medicine. Among them, radiometals can be used to label proteins and peptides and their supply in quantity and quality for clinical applications represents a challenge. A research program is ongoing at the Bern medical cyclotron, where a solid target station with a pneumatic delivery system is in operation. To bombard isotope-enriched materials in form of compressed powders, a specific target coin was realized. To assess the activity at EoB, a system based on a CZT detector was developed. For an optimized production yield with the required radio nuclide purity, precise knowledge of the cross-sections and of the beam energy is crucial. Specific methods were developed to assess these quantities. To further enhance the capabilities of solid target stations at medical cyclotrons, a novel irradiation system based on an ultra-compact ~50 cm long beam line and a two-dimensional beam monitoring detector is under development to bombard targets down to few mg and few mm diameter. The first results on the production of Ga-68, Cu-64, Sc-43, Sc-44 and Sc-47 are presented.
	Slides TUA02 [37.771 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUA02
About •	paper received ※ 13 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUA04	Characterization of Neutron Leakage Field Coming from 18O(p, n)18F Reaction in PET Production Cyclotron	neutron, proton, experiment, cyclotron	136
	M. Schulc, M. Antos, F. Brijar, M. Cuhra, T. Czakoj, M. Košťál, E. Losa, V. Rypar, J. Simon, S. Vadjak Nuclear Research Institute Řež plc, Řež, Czech Republic F. Cvachovec University of Defence, Brno, Czech Republic Z. Matej, F. Mravec Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
	This paper shows a new method for characterization of the secondary neutron field quantities, specifically neutron spectrum leaking from 18O enriched H₂O XL cylindrical target in IBA Cyclone 18/9 in the energy range of 1-15 MeV. Spectrum is measured by stilbene scintillation detector in different places. The neutron spectra are evaluated from the measured proton recoil spectra using deconvolution through maximum likelihood estimation. A leakage neutron field is an interesting option for irradiation experiments due to quite high flux, but also to the validation of high energy threshold reactions due to relatively high average energy. Measured neutron spectra are compared with calculations in MCNP6 model using TENDL-2017, FENDL-3, and default MCNP6 model calculations. TENDL-2017 and FENDL-3 libraries results differ significantly in the shape of the neutron spectrum for energies above 10 MeV while MCNP6 gives incorrect angular distributions. Activation measurements of different neutron induced reactions support characterization. The 18F production yield is in a good agreement with TENDL-2017 proton library calculation within respective uncertainties.
	Slides TUA04 [2.286 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUA04
About •	paper received ※ 05 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUP028	Bremsstrahlung Photons Emission in 28-GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance Plasma	ECR, photon, ion-source, electron	219
	M.J. Kumwenda, I.J. Lugendo Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea J.-K. Ahn, J.W. Lee Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea S.J. Kim, J.Y. Park, M. Won Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea
	Radial measurements of bremsstrahlung photons show high-energy intensity beyond a critical energy from electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) heating and its nature is not well understood so far. For the first time we have measured the bremsstrahlung photons energy intensity from 28-GHz ECR ion source at Busan Center of KBSI. Three round type NaI(Tl) detectors were used to measure the bremsstrahlung photons emitted at the center of the ECRIS at the same timeThe ECR ion source was operated at Radiofrequency (RF) power of 1 kW to extract 16O beam with a dominant fraction of O³⁺.We studied possible systematic uncertainties from different characteristics among the three NaI(Tl) detectors by repeating measurements alternatively. Geant4 simulation was performed to take the geometrical acceptance and energy-dependent detection efficiency into account due to large non-uniformity in the material budget. We extracted true bremsstrahlung energy spectra from the 28-GHz ECR ion source using the inverse-matrix unfolding method. The high energy intensities of the bremsstrahlung photons at the center of the ECRIS were explained by the internal structure and shape of ECR plasma.
	Poster TUP028 [1.240 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP028
About •	paper received ※ 13 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THB04	Development of a Transparent Profiler Based on Secondary Electrons Emission for Charged Particle Beams	radiation, electron, proton, cyclotron	302
	C. Thiebaux, Y. Geerebaert, F. Magniette, P. Manigot, M. Verderi LLR, Palaiseau, France G. Blain, F. Haddad, N. Michel, N. Servagent, T. Sounalet SUBATECH, Nantes, France B. Boyer, E. Delagnes, F.T. Gebreyohannes, O. Gevin CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France F. Haddad, C. Koumeir, F. Poirier Cyclotron ARRONAX, Saint-Herblain, France
	Funding: This study is supported by three programs of the Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR-17-CE31-0015, ANR- 11-EQPX-0004 and the LABEX P2IO. The PEPITES project* aims at realizing an operational prototype of an ultra-thin, radiation-resistant profiler able to permanently operate on mid-energy (O(100 MeV)) charged particle accelerators. PEPITES uses secondary electron emission (SEE) for the signal because it requires only a minimal thickness of material (10 nm); very linear, it also offers a great dynamic. The lateral beam profile is sampled using segmented electrodes, constructed by thin film methods. Gold strips, as thin as the electrical conductivity allows (~ 50 nm), are deposited on an as thin as possible insulating substrate. When crossing the gold, the beam ejects the electrons by SEE, the current thus formed in each strip allows the sampling. The technique was validated at ARRONAX with 68 MeV proton beams for intensities from 100 fA to 10 nA. SEE is characterized up to 100 nA at ARRONAX and medical energies at CPO*. Electrodes were subjected to doses of up to 10⁹ Gy without showing significant degradation. A demonstrator with dedicated electronics (CEA) will be installed at ARRONAX and used routinely. The performances of the system and its behavior over time will thus be characterized. LLR, ARRONAX cyclotron and CEA **Orsay Protontherapy Center (Institut Curie)
	Slides THB04 [16.785 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-THB04
About •	paper received ※ 13 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

FRA04	Cyclotrons Based Facilities for Single Event Effects Testing of Spacecraft Electronics	radiation, electron, heavy-ion, proton	348
	P.A. Chubunov, A.S. Bychkov ISDE, Moscow, Russia V.S. Anashin, A.E. Koziukov United Rocket and Space Corporation, Institute of Space Device Engineering, Moscow, Russia I.V. Kalagin, S.V. Mitrofanov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	Space radiation is the main factor limiting the operation time of the onboard equipment of the spacecraft due to the radiation effects occurring in the electronic components. With a decrease in the size of semiconductor structures, the sensitivity to the effects of individual nuclear particles increases and hitting one such particle can cause an upset or even failure of a component or system as a whole. Since the phenomenon occurs due to the impact of a separate particle, these radiation effects are called Single Event Effects (SEE). To be sure that the electronic component is operational in space, ground tests are necessary. SEE tests are carried out on test facilities that allow accelerating heavy ions from C to Bi to energies from 3 to a few dozen MeV/A. Cyclotrons are best suited for this purpose. In this paper, the installations created by request of ISDE based on the cyclotrons of FLNR JINR are described.
	Slides FRA04 [0.849 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-FRA04
About •	paper received ※ 17 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 27 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

TUA02

Novel Irradiation Methods for Theranostic Radioisotope Production With Solid Targets at the Bern Medical Cyclotron

target, cyclotron, radiation, proton

127

S. Braccini
LHEP, Bern, Switzerland
C. Belver-Aguilar, T.S. Carzaniga, G. Dellepiane, P. Haeffner, P. Scampoli
AEC, Bern, Switzerland
P. Scampoli
Naples University Federico II, Napoli, Italy

The production of medical radioisotopes for theranostics is essential for the development of personalized nuclear medicine. Among them, radiometals can be used to label proteins and peptides and their supply in quantity and quality for clinical applications represents a challenge. A research program is ongoing at the Bern medical cyclotron, where a solid target station with a pneumatic delivery system is in operation. To bombard isotope-enriched materials in form of compressed powders, a specific target coin was realized. To assess the activity at EoB, a system based on a CZT detector was developed. For an optimized production yield with the required radio nuclide purity, precise knowledge of the cross-sections and of the beam energy is crucial. Specific methods were developed to assess these quantities. To further enhance the capabilities of solid target stations at medical cyclotrons, a novel irradiation system based on an ultra-compact ~50 cm long beam line and a two-dimensional beam monitoring detector is under development to bombard targets down to few mg and few mm diameter. The first results on the production of Ga-68, Cu-64, Sc-43, Sc-44 and Sc-47 are presented.

Slides TUA02 [37.771 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUA02

About •

paper received ※ 13 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUA04

Characterization of Neutron Leakage Field Coming from 18O(p, n)18F Reaction in PET Production Cyclotron

neutron, proton, experiment, cyclotron

136

M. Schulc, M. Antos, F. Brijar, M. Cuhra, T. Czakoj, M. Košťál, E. Losa, V. Rypar, J. Simon, S. Vadjak
Nuclear Research Institute Řež plc, Řež, Czech Republic
F. Cvachovec
University of Defence, Brno, Czech Republic
Z. Matej, F. Mravec
Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic

This paper shows a new method for characterization of the secondary neutron field quantities, specifically neutron spectrum leaking from 18O enriched H₂O XL cylindrical target in IBA Cyclone 18/9 in the energy range of 1-15 MeV. Spectrum is measured by stilbene scintillation detector in different places. The neutron spectra are evaluated from the measured proton recoil spectra using deconvolution through maximum likelihood estimation. A leakage neutron field is an interesting option for irradiation experiments due to quite high flux, but also to the validation of high energy threshold reactions due to relatively high average energy. Measured neutron spectra are compared with calculations in MCNP6 model using TENDL-2017, FENDL-3, and default MCNP6 model calculations. TENDL-2017 and FENDL-3 libraries results differ significantly in the shape of the neutron spectrum for energies above 10 MeV while MCNP6 gives incorrect angular distributions. Activation measurements of different neutron induced reactions support characterization. The 18F production yield is in a good agreement with TENDL-2017 proton library calculation within respective uncertainties.

Slides TUA04 [2.286 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUA04

About •

paper received ※ 05 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUP028

Bremsstrahlung Photons Emission in 28-GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance Plasma

ECR, photon, ion-source, electron

219

M.J. Kumwenda, I.J. Lugendo
Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
J.-K. Ahn, J.W. Lee
Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
S.J. Kim, J.Y. Park, M. Won
Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea

Radial measurements of bremsstrahlung photons show high-energy intensity beyond a critical energy from electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) heating and its nature is not well understood so far. For the first time we have measured the bremsstrahlung photons energy intensity from 28-GHz ECR ion source at Busan Center of KBSI. Three round type NaI(Tl) detectors were used to measure the bremsstrahlung photons emitted at the center of the ECRIS at the same timeThe ECR ion source was operated at Radiofrequency (RF) power of 1 kW to extract 16O beam with a dominant fraction of O³⁺.We studied possible systematic uncertainties from different characteristics among the three NaI(Tl) detectors by repeating measurements alternatively. Geant4 simulation was performed to take the geometrical acceptance and energy-dependent detection efficiency into account due to large non-uniformity in the material budget. We extracted true bremsstrahlung energy spectra from the 28-GHz ECR ion source using the inverse-matrix unfolding method. The high energy intensities of the bremsstrahlung photons at the center of the ECRIS were explained by the internal structure and shape of ECR plasma.

Poster TUP028 [1.240 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUP028

About •

paper received ※ 13 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 25 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THB04

Development of a Transparent Profiler Based on Secondary Electrons Emission for Charged Particle Beams

radiation, electron, proton, cyclotron

302

C. Thiebaux, Y. Geerebaert, F. Magniette, P. Manigot, M. Verderi
LLR, Palaiseau, France
G. Blain, F. Haddad, N. Michel, N. Servagent, T. Sounalet
SUBATECH, Nantes, France
B. Boyer, E. Delagnes, F.T. Gebreyohannes, O. Gevin
CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
F. Haddad, C. Koumeir, F. Poirier
Cyclotron ARRONAX, Saint-Herblain, France

Funding: This study is supported by three programs of the Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR-17-CE31-0015, ANR- 11-EQPX-0004 and the LABEX P2IO.
The PEPITES project* aims at realizing an operational prototype of an ultra-thin, radiation-resistant profiler able to permanently operate on mid-energy (O(100 MeV)) charged particle accelerators. PEPITES uses secondary electron emission (SEE) for the signal because it requires only a minimal thickness of material (10 nm); very linear, it also offers a great dynamic. The lateral beam profile is sampled using segmented electrodes, constructed by thin film methods. Gold strips, as thin as the electrical conductivity allows (~ 50 nm), are deposited on an as thin as possible insulating substrate. When crossing the gold, the beam ejects the electrons by SEE, the current thus formed in each strip allows the sampling. The technique was validated at ARRONAX with 68 MeV proton beams for intensities from 100 fA to 10 nA. SEE is characterized up to 100 nA at ARRONAX and medical energies at CPO**. Electrodes were subjected to doses of up to 10⁹ Gy without showing significant degradation. A demonstrator with dedicated electronics (CEA) will be installed at ARRONAX and used routinely. The performances of the system and its behavior over time will thus be characterized.
*LLR, ARRONAX cyclotron and CEA
**Orsay Protontherapy Center (Institut Curie)

Slides THB04 [16.785 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-THB04

About •

paper received ※ 13 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

FRA04

Cyclotrons Based Facilities for Single Event Effects Testing of Spacecraft Electronics

radiation, electron, heavy-ion, proton

348

P.A. Chubunov, A.S. Bychkov
ISDE, Moscow, Russia
V.S. Anashin, A.E. Koziukov
United Rocket and Space Corporation, Institute of Space Device Engineering, Moscow, Russia
I.V. Kalagin, S.V. Mitrofanov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

Space radiation is the main factor limiting the operation time of the onboard equipment of the spacecraft due to the radiation effects occurring in the electronic components. With a decrease in the size of semiconductor structures, the sensitivity to the effects of individual nuclear particles increases and hitting one such particle can cause an upset or even failure of a component or system as a whole. Since the phenomenon occurs due to the impact of a separate particle, these radiation effects are called Single Event Effects (SEE). To be sure that the electronic component is operational in space, ground tests are necessary. SEE tests are carried out on test facilities that allow accelerating heavy ions from C to Bi to energies from 3 to a few dozen MeV/A. Cyclotrons are best suited for this purpose. In this paper, the installations created by request of ISDE based on the cyclotrons of FLNR JINR are described.

Slides FRA04 [0.849 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-FRA04

About •

paper received ※ 17 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 27 September 2019 issue date ※ 20 June 2020

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)