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MOPB003 | Superconducting Cavity for the Measurements of Frequency, Temperature, RF Field Dependence of the Surface Resistance | cavity, plasma, coupling, cryogenics | 70 |
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In order to better understand the contributions of the various physical processes to the surface resistance of superconductors the ODU Center for Accelerator Science is developing a half-wave resonator capable of operating between 325 MHz and 1.3 GHz. This will allow the measurement of the temperature and rf field dependence of the surface resistance on the same surface over the range of frequency of interest for particle accelerators and identify the various sources of power dissipation. | |||
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MOPB009 | Model of Flux Trapping in Cooling Down Process | target, cavity, interface, framework | 90 |
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Recent findings that cooling conditions affect an amount of trapped magnetic flux attract much attention as a way to achieve a high-Q0 by SRF cavity*,**,***. Q0~2*1011 has already been achieved by the full flux expulsion****. While much experimental studies have been conducted, not much theoretical progress followed on it. In this paper, I introduce a simple model that can explain how trapped fluxoids are expelled in cooling process.
*J.M.Vogt et al., PRSTAB 16, 102002 (2013) **A.Romanenko et al., JAP 115, 184903 (2014) ***J.M.Vogt et al., PRSTAB 18, 042001 (2015) ****A.Romanenko et al., APL 105, 234103 (2014) |
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MOPB036 | TOF-SIMS Study of Nitrogen Doping Niobium Samples | niobium, cavity, vacuum, ion | 169 |
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Nitrogen doping treatment with the subsequent electropolishing (EP) of the niobium superconducting cavity can significantly increase the cavity’s quality factor up to a factor of 3. The nitrogen doping experiment has been successfully repeated and demonstrated. But the mechanism of the nitrogen doping effect remains unclear. Nitrogen doping study on niobium samples was carried out in Peking University. The niobium samples were manual processed to avoid heat generation. The experiment condition is close to that of the Fermilab. After the nitrogen doping treatment, the samples were mildly electropolished with the thickness of 1.3μm, 1.9μm, 3.3μm, 4.2μm, 5.1μm, 5.9μm and 7.0μm. The time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) measurements show that the samples directly after nitrogen doping have a much higher nitrogen concentration in the depth of about 90nm. When the EP removal is larger than 1.3μm, the samples’ impurity elements is remarkably reduced and their distribution is similar to each other. Also the measured results to some extent prove that EP removal can introduce H to the niobium surface. | |||
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MOPB045 | Study of Slip and Deformation in High Purity Single Crystal Nb for Accelerator Cavities | niobium, SRF, factory, cavity | 191 |
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Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of High Energy Physics, through Grant No. DE-FG02-09ER41638. High purity Nb has been used to build accelerator cavities over the past couple decades, and there is a growing interest in using ingot Nb as an alternative to the fine grain sheets. Plastic deformation governed by slip is complicated in body-centered cubic metals like Nb. Besides the crystal orientation with respect to the applied stress (Schmid effect), slip is also affected by other factors including temperature, strain rate, strain history, and non-Schmid effects such as twinning/anti-twinning asymmetry and non-glide shear stresses. A clear understanding of slip is an essential step towards modeling the deep drawing of large grain ingot slices, hence predicting the final microstructure/performance of cavities. Two groups of single crystals, with and without a prior heat treatment, were deformed to 40% engineering strain in uniaxial tension. Differences in flow stresses and active slip systems between the two groups were observed, likely due to the removal of preexisting dislocations. Crystal plasticity modeling of the stress-strain behavior suggests that the non-Schmid effect is small in Nb, and that the deep drawing process might be approximated with a Schmid model. |
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MOPB049 | High Flux Three Dimensional Heat Transport in Superfluid Helium and Its Application to a Trilateration Algorithm for Quench Localization With OSTs | cavity, detector, niobium, software | 201 |
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Oscillating superleak transducers of second sound can be used to localize quench spots on superconducting cavities by trilateration. However propagation speeds faster than the velocity of second sound are usually observed imped- ing the localization. Dedicated experiments show that the fast propagation cannot be correlated to the dependence of the velocity on the heat flux density, but rather to boiling effects in the vicinity of the hot spot. 17 OSTs were used to detect quenches on a 704MHz one-cell elliptical cavity. Two different algorithms for quench localization have been tested and implemented in a computer program enabling direct crosschecks. The new algorithm gives more consis- tent results for different OST signals analyzed for the same quench spot. | |||
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Poster MOPB049 [0.901 MB] | ||
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MOPB054 | An Investigation of Correlations Between Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of High Purity Polycrystalline Niobium | niobium, SRF, database, software | 219 |
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Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of High Energy Physics, through Grant No. DE-FG02-09ER41638. An understanding of the relationship between mechanical and functional properties, and processing history is essential in order to manufacture polycrystalline niobium cavities with consistent performance. The crystallographic texture (preferred crystal orientation) and microstructure in polycrystalline sheet varies considerably, so identifying its influence on properties is needed to achieve a better understanding of how to control properties of high purity niobium. Samples extracted from many lots produced by Tokyo Denkai and Ningxia sheet were examined. Through-thickness texture of the undeformed niobium samples was measured using electron backscattered pattern mapping. Texture is identified with pole figures, orientation distribution function, and grain misorientation relationships. Stress-strain tests were done to identify ultimate tensile stress, elongation, 0.2% yield strength, and hardening rate. From tests on many lots, there is no clear trend between the mechanical and material properties in high purity niobium and correlations between various microstructural and mechanical properties show significant scatter and few apparent correlations. |
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MOPB057 | Crystal Plasticity Modeling of Single Crystal Nb | cavity, niobium, SRF, software | 228 |
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Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of High Energy Physics, through Grant No. DE-FG02-09ER41638. Deformation behavior of niobium (Nb) is not thoroughly studied, although it is widely used in manufacturing superconducting cavities. This deficiency of knowledge limits the predictibality in raw material properties for fine grain sheets, which are less anisotropic and easier to deform uniformly than large grain sheets. Studies on modeling and simulation of deformation of Nb are also limited. Therefore design of a new manufacturing procedure becomes a costly process, because models predicting the deformation of Nb are not accurate. A polycrystal is an aggregate of single crystals. Tensile tests were performed on single crystal with different orientations, to study the deformation behavior of Nb. A number of crystal plasticity models were developed, calibrated and finally used to predict the deformation of single crystal tensile samples. This study compares the predictions of these models. This provides a foundation for physically realistic polycrystal deformation models. |
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MOPB083 | Cooling Front Measurement of a 9-Cell Cavity via the Multi-Cell Temperature-Mapping System at Cornell University | cavity, SRF, electronics, linac | 324 |
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Cooling speed significantly affects flux trapping of a SRF cavity, which will determine the residual resistance and the quality factor of the cavity. We measured the temperature distribution of a 9-cell cavity at different cooling speeds by the multi-cell T-map system of Cornell University. This paper proposed a method to evaluate the formation of a normal conducting island at different cooling speed. The fast cool-down and slow cool-down has been compared. We conclude that the slow cool-down freezes less normal conducting islands. | |||
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MOPB085 | Efforts of the Improvement of Cavity Q-Value by Plasma Cleaning Technology: Plan and Results From Cornell University | plasma, cavity, SRF, ECR | 333 |
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We reported the plasma works at Cornell University. The plasma has been generated for 1) surface cleaning to reduce field emission; 2) the cavity quality factor improvement. The experiment design, including RF design, the gas type and pressure selection, the external DC magnetic field calculation, had been discussed. The plasma experiment set-up by using a 1.3GHz single-cell cavity is shown. Argon and helium plasma was successfully ignited in the cavity; the results of the plasma processing will be displayed. | |||
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MOPB098 | Improvement of Temperature Control During Nb 9-Cell SRF Cavity Vertical Electro-Polishing (VEP) and Progress of VEP Quality | cavity, cathode, controls, SRF | 381 |
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Marui Galvanizing Co.,Ltd. has been developing Nb 9-cell SRF cavity vertical electro-polishing (VEP) facility and technique for mass production in collaboration with KEK. Our first 9-cell cavity VEP facility was not enough to control temperature during VEP, so the polishing quality was not so high. In this article, we will report the progress of temperature distribution and polishing quality due to the improvement of temperature control system of electrolyte and cavity during VEP. | |||
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Poster MOPB098 [0.988 MB] | ||
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MOPB105 | Symmetric Removal of Niobium Superconducting RF Cavity in Vertical Electropolishing | cavity, cathode, accumulation, niobium | 409 |
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Vertical electropolishing (VEP) leads several advantages over horizontal EP in respect of easy operation and mechanism of an EP system resulting in lower cost. However, till yet VEP always resulted inhomogeneous removal of a niobium (Nb) cavity along its length and bubble traces especially on the top iris of a vertically set cavity. In this work we performed lab EP and VEP experiments in order to study and solve these two problems. A coupon cavity which contains 6 disk type Nb coupons positioned at beam pipes, irises and equator was vertically electropolished to optimize VEP parameters so as to get almost uniform removal of Nb and a smooth surface of the cavity without bubble traces. Our patented unique i-Ninja cathode having 4 wings was used with an optimized rotation speed to get homogeneous removal of Nb. The homogeneous removal and the surface without bubble traces might be result of a uniform thickness of a viscous layer on the surface of the cavity cell and no accumulation of hydrogen bubbles on the top iris surface. The surfaces of the coupons were studied in detail with surface analytical tools. | |||
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MOPB106 | Analysis of High Pressure Rinsing Characteristics for SRF Cavities | cavity, target, SRF, niobium | 414 |
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High pressure rinsing (HPR) treatment has been widely used in the SRF cavity fabrication. This well- known process helps remove effectively undesirable emission tips from the inner surface of cavities, which are responsible for a different level's multipaction and hellium quenching. Also, the HPR treatment can clean or polish the RF (Radio Frequency) surface, which is critically sensitive to an applied magnetic field, by removing contaminants such as an organic oil, a remnant metal debris and dirty etchants from the cavity surface. Consequently, the HPR treatment contributes to improve quality factor during the cavity operation both by decreasing various field emission sites and by removing defects from the cavity surface. In this paper, we performed HPR experiments by using a simplified cavity structure, intentionally painted with a pattern on the inner surface. Therefore, we report how the surface treatment by HPR was carried out as functions of the distance between a target to be cleaned and a nozzle, and a water pressure. | |||
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MOPB117 | Identification and Evaluation of Contamination Sources During Clean Room Preparation of SRF Cavities | cavity, hardware, SRF, superconductivity | 448 |
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Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contracts DE-AC05-06OR23177 and DE-AC02-76SF00515 for the LCLS-II Project. Particles are one possible cause of field emission issues in SRF cavity operations. During clean room cavity preparation, several processes could contribute to the generation of particles. One of them is friction between hardware during assembly and disassembly. It is important to understand the behaviours that generate and propagate particles into cavities. Using a single cell cavity, particle shedding between flanges and other materials have been tested. The number of particles is recorded with an airborne particle counter, and the generated particles are examined with microscope. The migration of particles into a cavity due to different movements is studied. Suggestions are made to reduce particle generation and prevent contamination of the cavity interior area. |
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Poster MOPB117 [2.832 MB] | ||
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TUPB004 | Vertical Cavity Test Facility at Fermilab | cavity, controls, instrumentation, SRF | 534 |
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After a recent upgrade, the vertical test facility for SRF cavities at Fermilab features a low level RF system capable of testing 325MHz, 650MHz, 1.3GHz, and 3.9GHz cavities, helium liquefying plant, three test cryostats, and the interlock safety system. The cryostats can accommodate measurements of multiple cavities in a given cryogenic cycle in the range of temperatures from 4.2K to 1.4K. We present a description of the components of the vertical test facility. We also discuss cavity instrumentation that is used for diagnostics of cavity ambient conditions and quench characterization. | |||
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TUPB042 | Low Energy Muon Spin Rotation and Point Contact Tunneling Applied to Niobium Films for SRF Cavities | niobium, cavity, scattering, data-analysis | 656 |
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Muon spin rotation (muSR) and point contact tunneling (PCT) are used since several years for bulk niobium studies. Here we present studies on niobium thin film samples of different deposition techniques (diode, magnetron and HIPIMS) and compare the results with RF measurements and bulk niobium results. It is consistently found from muSR and RF measurements that HIPIMS can be used to produce thin films of high RRR. Hints for magnetism are especially found on the HIPIMS samples. These could possibly contribute to the field dependent losses of superconducting cavities, which are strongly pronounced on niobium on copper cavities. | |||
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Poster TUPB042 [0.932 MB] | ||
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TUPB058 | Characterization of Thin Films Using Local Magneometer | SRF, superconductivity, operation, cavity | 712 |
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Funding: CEA SIS nanocomposite (Superconductor/Insulator/Superconductor) could improve efficiency of accelerating cavities. The SRF multilayers concept focuses on the enhancement of HC1 using thin layers (d~λ). The use of thin layers makes it easier to avoid avalanche penetration of vortices in case of local defects. Several layers are needed in order to attenuate the external field to values below Nb HC1, decoupled using dielectric layers. We don’t know yet how the predicted properties evolve in realistic conditions; hence it seems reasonable to do their optimization. Two parameters need to be measured to study their behavior in cavity operating conditions: HC1 and Rs surface resistance (especially residual). For that purpose two instruments were developed in Saclay and in Orsay. A local magnetometer allows measuring the vortex penetration on samples without the orientation and edge effects encountered in SQUID magnetometers. Its operating conditions range from 2-40 K, with field up to 150 mT, and upgradation to higher field. A pill-box cavity working on TE011 and TE012 modes with removable sample/top measures surface resistance up to 60 mT based on calorimetric method from 1.6-4.5 K.* *SRF cavities, 3rd Harmonic Analysis |
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Poster TUPB058 [1.581 MB] | ||
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TUPB059 | A Facility for Magnetic Field Penetration Measurements on Multilayer S-I-S Structures | niobium, SRF, superconducting-magnet, data-acquisition | 716 |
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Funding: STFC and US Department of Energy under contract No. DE-SC0010081. Superconducting RF cavities made of bulk Nb has reached a breakdown field of about 200 mT which is close to the superheating field for Nb. As it was theoretically shown* a multilayer coating can be used to enhance the breakdown field of SRF cavities. The simple example is a superconductor-insulator-superconductor (S-I-S), for example bulk niobium (S) coated with a thin film of insulator (I) followed by a thin layer of a superconductor (S) which could be a dirty niobium**. To verify such an enhancement in a presence of a DC magnetic field at 4.2 K a simple experimental facility was designed, built and tested in ASTeC. The details of experimental setup and results of the measurements will be shown at the conference. *A. Gurevich, APL 88, 012511 (2006) **A. Gurevich, AIP Advances, 5, 017112 (2015) |
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THBA02 | Recent Development in Vertical Electropolishing | cavity, cathode, ion, SRF | 1024 |
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Horizontal electropolishing (HEP) is being used for final surface treatment of niobium SRF cavities. However a HEP system is equipped with complicated mechanism that makes it expensive and enhances cost of surface treatment of cavities especially when mass production is considered. Vertical electropolishing (VEP) has been introduced by other labs and the research is being carried out to establish the VEP technique. The VEP system requires simple mechanism and has advantages over HEP setup. Positive results have been obtained from the VEPed cavities also as shown by other labs. However further improvement in a VEP setup, cathode and VEP parameters is required. Marui Galvanizing Co., Ltd in collaboration with KEK has been working for development of VEP system, optimization of cathode and VEP parameters to obtain uniform Nb removal with a smooth surface of a cavity. Here we report our recent development of VEP system, unique Ninja cathode and parameter optimization with a 1-cell coupon cavity containing 6 Nb disk coupons at the beam pipes, irises and equator. The coupon surfaces were analyzed to obtain detail of the cavity surface. | |||
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Slides THBA02 [5.703 MB] | ||
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THPB040 | Hydroforming of Large Grain Niobium Tube | niobium, cavity, vacuum, electron | 1171 |
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Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of High Energy Physics, through Grant No. DE-FG02-09ER41638. Currently most of Niobium (Nb) cavities are manufactured from fine grain Nb sheets. As-cast ingots go through a series of steps including forging, milling, rolling, and intermediate annealing, before they are deep-drawn into a half-cell shape and subsequently electron beam welded to make a full cavity. Tube hydroforming, a manufacturing technique where a tube is deformed using a pressurized fluid, is an alternative to the current costly manufacturing process. A whole cavity can be made from a tube using tube hydroforming. This study focuses on deformation of large grain Nb tubes during hydroforming. The crystal orientation of the grains is recorded. The tube is marked with a square-circle-grid which is used to measure the strain after deformation. The deformation of the tube is going to be modeled with crystal plasticity finite element and compared with experiments. This paper only covers the characterization of the tube and the hydroforming process. |
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FRAA05 | A 1.3 GHz Cryomodule with 2x9-Cell Cavity for SETF at Peking University | cavity, SRF, cryomodule, operation | 1443 |
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Funding: Work supported by National Basic Research Project (No. 2011CB808304 and 2011CB808302)and NDRC project. The straight beam line of SETF at Peking University is under construction, which consists of a DC-SRF photoinjector and a superconducting linac with two 9-cell cavities. Stable operation of the DC-SRF photoinjector has been realized and the design, manufacture and assembly of the cryomodule with two 9-cell cavities have been completed. Improved capacitive coupling RF power coupler and fast tuner with piezo are adopted |
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Slides FRAA05 [3.709 MB] | ||
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