Keyword: radiation
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THXCH01 MARS: Fourth Generation X-Ray Light Source Based on Multiturn Energy-Recovery Linac undulator, electron, brightness, photon 123
 
  • G.N. Kulipanov, Ya.V. Getmanov, O.A. Shevchenko, A.N. Skrinsky, N. Vinokurov
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
  • V. Korchuganov
    RRC, Moscow, Russia
  • M.V. Kovalchuk
    NRC, Moscow, Russia
  
  In the recent years, Russian government and scientific society have been coming gradually to an understanding the way of development science in Russia. Government have accepted a program of building six mega-science projects, and one of them can be a new 4-th generation x-ray light source based on accelerator-recuperator. Multiturn energy recovery linacs (ERL) looks very promising for making modern synchrotron radiation sources, being less expensive and more flexible. At this time only one multiturn ERL exists. This Novosibirsk ERL operates with two orbits and two free electron lasers based on one linac now. The conception of Multiturn Accelerator-recuperator Radiation Source (MARS) was proposed in 1997 by G.N. Kulipanov, A.N. Skrinsky and N.A. Vinokurov. The use of the ERL with two separated accelerating structures allows to exclude main disadvantages of scheme with one linac, such as the pass of electron bunches with different energies through the same magnetic arcs. The feasibility study for such ERL-based high brightness x-ray source is presented.  
slides icon Slides THXCH01 [2.385 MB]  
 
THXCH03 Current FEL Physics Research at SLAC FEL, laser, electron, undulator 131
 
  • G.V. Stupakov
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
  
  Funding: Work is supported by Department of Energy contract DE-AC02-76SF00515
SLAC is a home of the first hard x-ray free electron laser - the Linac Coherent Light Source, or LCLS, based on Self-Amplified Stimulated Emission (SASE) principle. Being a user facility, LCLS, as well as some other installations at SLAC, are, at the same time, test beds of research aimed to improving fundamental characteristics of free electron lasers. In this presentation I will review results of some of these studies. They include studies of the FEL seeding based on the Echo-Enabled Harmonic Generation (EEGH) carried out at the NLCTA facility at SLAC, hard x-ray self seeding at LCLS, noise suppression experiments, and research aimed to achieve terawatt-scale power in FELs. A brief review of the plans for LCLS upgrade will be given. 		 
slides icon Slides THXCH03 [10.105 MB]  
 
THXCH04 Budker INP Free Electron Laser Facility – Current Status and Future Prospects FEL, undulator, electron, linac 136
 
  • O.A. Shevchenko, V.S. Arbuzov, K.N. Chernov, E.N. Dementyev, B.A. Dovzhenko, Ya.V. Getmanov, E.I. Gorniker, B.A. Knyazev, E.I. Kolobanov, A.A. Kondakov, V.R. Kozak, E.V. Kozyrev, V.V. Kubarev, G.N. Kulipanov, E.A. Kuper, I.V. Kuptsov, G.Y. Kurkin, L.E. Medvedev, L.A. Mironenko, V.K. Ovchar, B.Z. Persov, A.M. Pilan, V.M. Popik, V.V. Repkov, T.V. Salikova, M.A. Scheglov, I.K. Sedlyarov, G.V. Serdobintsev, S.S. Serednyakov, A.N. Skrinsky, S.V. Tararyshkin, V.G. Tcheskidov, N. Vinokurov, M.G. Vlasenko, P. Vobly, V. Volkov
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
  
  The free electron laser (FEL) facility at Budker INP is being developed for more than 15 years. It is based on the normal conducting CW energy recovery linac (ERL) with rather complicated magnetic system lattice. Up to now it is the only one in the world multiorbit ERL. It can operate in three different regimes providing electron beam for three different FELs. Its commissioning was naturally divided in three stages. The first stage ERL includes only one orbit placed in vertical plane. It serves as electron beam source for terahertz FEL which started working for users in 2003. Radiation of this FEL is used by several groups of scientists including biologists, chemists and physicists. Its high peak and average powers are utilized in experiments on material ablation and biological objects modification. The second stage ERL is composed of two orbits located in horizontal plane. The second stage FEL is installed on the bypass of the second orbit. The first lasing of this FEL was achieved in 2009. The last stage ERL will include four orbits. Its commissioning is in progress now. In this paper we report the latest results obtained from the operating FELs as well as our progress with the commissioning of the two remaining ERL beamlines. We also discuss possible options for the future upgrade.  
slides icon Slides THXCH04 [5.360 MB]  
 
THBOR03 A Possibility of High-Energy Bremsstrahlung Dosimetry by Indium Activation target, electron, simulation, photon 155
 
  • V.L. Uvarov, A.N. Dovbnya, V.V. Mytrochenko, V.I. Nikiforov, S.A. Perezhogin, Yu.V. Rogov, V.A. Shevchenko, I.N. Shlyakhov, B.I. Shramenko, A.Eh. Tenishev, A.V. Torgovkin
    NSC/KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine
  
  Development of a number of promising photonuclear technologies is connected with the use of bremsstrahlung sources having end-point energy up to 100 MeV and average radiation power of tens kW. Commonly, such sources are created on the basis of high-current electron linacs. A possibility of bremsstrahlung dosimetry by means of activation of a target from indium of natural composition and absorbed dose determination through the specific activity of the 115mIn isomer is reported. Preliminary study of isomer photoactivation as well as the yield of reference reactions from simultaneously irradiated natural molybdenum was conducted by simulation technique. Joint measurement of the 115mIn, 90Mo, 99Mo activity and absorbed dose in the PMMA standard dosimeters were carried out at LU-10 and LU-40 linacs of NSC KIPT in the electron energy range 8…70 MeV. It was found that, within the range of study, the ratio of the 115mIn specific activity to absorbed dose in the PMMA slightly depends on the bremsstrahlung end-point energy.  
slides icon Slides THBOR03 [0.553 MB]  
 
THBCH02 Beam Extraction System for Industrial Electron Accelerator ILU-14 electron, extraction, vacuum, controls 161
 
  • V.V. Bezuglov, A.A. Bryazgin, B.L. Faktorovich, E.N. Kokin, V.M. Radchenko, E.A. Shtarklev, A. YU. Vlasov
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
  
  This paper describes beam extraction system for pulse linear electron accelerator ILU-14 with energy range 7.5-10 MeV and beam power up to 100 kW. The main aim of this work was to achieve the uniform dose field in radiation zone. Admissible dose nonuniformity is of no more than ± 5% along the scanning length up to 1 m (if necessary, the scanning length may be reduced). Geometrical and electron-optical characteristics of all the beam channel elements were optimized after computer simulation of electron trajectories. To achieve the required nonuniformity of dose field additional electromagnets were installed. These magnets realize beam focusing and centering of the beam endwise of the channel, as well as correction of the scanning field. Control system of magnets power supply allows the online correction of electron beam.  
slides icon Slides THBCH02 [0.403 MB]  
 
FRXCH01 NIIEFA Accelerators for Industry and Medicine electron, cyclotron, neutron, high-voltage 167
 
  • M.F. Vorogushin
    NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia
  
  The D.V. Efremov Institute (NIIEFA) is one of the leading enterprises in Russia involved in designing and manufacturing of applied charged particle accelerators as well as electrophysical systems based on these accelerators. Since the foundation of the Institute, we have designed, manufactured and delivered to Russian customers and abroad more than three hundred accelerators for diverse applications, in particular, cyclotrons, linear electron accelerators, high-voltage accelerators and neutron generators. The activities of the Institute in the field of accelerating engineering encompasses all the stages of an accelerator manufacturing, starting from R&D works to manufacturing, installation and maintenance of the delivered equipment. The Institute is granted the license and the International Certificate for the Quality Management System based on the International Standard ISO 9001 for designing, development, production, installation and maintenance of charged particle accelerators. Nowadays, there are the following most promising fields of application of the accelerators designed and manufactured in NIIEFA, namely: nuclear medicine, radiotherapy and neutron therapy, non-destructive inspection, activation analysis, electron-beam sterilization, radiation processing in industry and environmental protection.  
slides icon Slides FRXCH01 [2.865 MB]  
 
FRXCH05 Irradiation Facilities and Complexes of INRP RFNC-VNIIEF electron, neutron, target, cathode 176
 
  • N.V. Zavyalov, V.F. Basmanov, A.A. Devyatkin, V.S. Gordeev, S.A. Gornostay-Polsky, A.V. Grishin, A.V. Grunin, V.F. Kolesov, G.A. Myskov, S.T. Nazarenko, V.T. Punin, V.A. Savchenko, A.V. Telnov, S. Vorintsov
    VNIIEF, Sarov (Nizhnii Gorod), Russia
  
  The given review presents installations produced and applied at the Nuclear Radiation Research Institute (NRRI) of RFNC – VNIIEF to simulate under laboratory conditions the effects of nuclear explosion and space ionizing radiation on the special-purpose installations. Available is a brief description of the installation itself and characteristics of different-type electron accelerators and two irradiation complexes PUL'SAR and LIU-10M-GIR2 created on the base of high-current linear induction electron accelerators and pulsed nuclear reactors. There are considered electron accelerators GAMMA and BETA-8 that are being created at present.  
 
FRXOR02 Beam Diagnostic Instrumentation for the NSLS-II Booster booster, diagnostics, vacuum, controls 186
 
  • V.V. Smaluk
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
  
  For the NSLS-II synchrotron light source, a Booster synchrotron has been designed and produced by Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics. The Booster accelerates an electron beam from 200 MeV up to 3 GeV in both single-bunch and multi-bunch modes with repetition rate of 1 Hz. Accurate measurements of beam parameters are required during every work cycle to provide feed-forward tuning of the Booster. A set of beam diagnostic instruments has been developed for the Booster commissioning and operation. Six fluorescent screens are used for the first-turn beam observation. Electrostatic BPMs with signal processing electronics developed by BNL provide measurements of closed orbit and lattice functions as well as single-pass beam measurements for commissioning. A DC current transformer is used to measure average beam current and lifetime; the filling pattern is monitored by a fast current transformer. Two light-output ports are set up for observation of the beam image. Tune measurement system provides frequent measurements of betatron tunes during the energy ramp. Design and performance of the Booster beam instrumentation are presented; the commissioning plan is also discussed.  
slides icon Slides FRXOR02 [5.121 MB]  
 
FRAOR02 Method of State and Alignment Monitoring for Crystal Deflectors of Relativistic Ions proton, simulation, photon, controls 200
 
  • A.S. Gogolev, S.R. Uglov
    TPU, Tomsk, Russia
  • A.M. Taratin
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  
  Funding: We acknowledge the partial support through the project GK No. 11.519.11.2030
Systems of relativistic particle beam steering based on the use of channeling effect are widely applied in leading research centers of Russia and foreign countries. An operative control is required in the case of using crystal deflectors for the accelerator beam collimation. The control should allow concluding about the state and alignment of the crystal collimator relative to the beam halo. The method of state and alignment monitoring for the crystal deflectors of relativistic ions using coherent X-rays generated by particles in crystals is suggested in this report. 		 
 
MOPPA003 A Coaxial Two-Channel Dielectric Wakefield Structure for Two-Beam Acceleration Experiments at SLAC wakefield, vacuum, simulation, collider 248
 
  • G.V. Sotnikov
    NSC/KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine
  • J.L. Hirshfield
    Yale University, Physics Department, New Haven, CT, USA
  • T.C. Marshall, G.V. Sotnikov
    Omega-P, Inc., New Haven, USA
  • S.V. Shchelkunov
    Yale University, Beam Physics Laboratory, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
  
  Funding: Research is supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of High Energy Physics
Results of analytical and numerical investigations of a coaxial dielectric wakefield accelerator structure (CDWA) for experiments at FACET (SLAC) on two-beam acceleration are presented. For these experiments it is proposed to use ~1 THz structure with two nested silica cylindrical shells having these diameters: outer shell, OD = 2 mm, ID = 1 mm; inner shell OD = 360 mkm, ID = 100 mkm. A conventional CDWA structure is energized by an annular drive bunch travelling in the annular vacuum channel. At present, FACET has no drive bunch of annular shape which is required for a CDWA. However, our analytical studies and numerical simulations prove clearly that an annular drive bunch can be substituted by a solid bunch having the same charge*. For the simulation we used the SLAC drive bunch parameters: energy is 23 GeV, charge is 3 nC, axial RMS size is 25 mkm, transverse RMS size is 10 mkm. This bunch sets up at the central channel axis an accelerating gradient of ~1 GeV/m. Questions of transverse stability of the solid drive and accelerated bunches in this dielectric accelerator structure are also discussed.
*G.V.Sotnikov, J.L. Hirshfield, T.C. Marshall, S.V. Shchelkunov, "A reciprocity principle for wakefields in a two-channel coaxial dielectric structure" IPAC’12, New Orleans, May 2012, WEPPP004. 		 
 
MOPPA008 Parameter Optimization of a Rectangular Dielectric Based Wakefield Accelerating Structure wakefield, electron, vacuum, accelerating-gradient 260
 
  • S. Baturin, A. Altmark, I.L. Sheynman
    LETI, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
  • A. Kanareykin
    Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA
  
  With this talk, we present the algorithm and simulation results of the wakefield parametric study of the rectangular dielectric based wakefield accelerating structure. Analytical solution of the wakefield generation in the rectangular dielectric structure has been considered to achieve optimal relations between both the geometrical parameters and dielectric constant of the structure, and the beam parameters like bunch charge and bunch length. Optimization has been carried out for maximization of the accelerating gradient at the single LSM11 mode approximation.  
 
MOPPA009 An Analytical Approach to Solution of Self-coordinated Beam Dynamics in Dielectric Wakefield Accelerating Structures wakefield, focusing, acceleration, electron 263
 
  • I.L. Sheynman
    LETI, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
  
  Self-coordinated transverse dynamics of the high current relativistic electronic bunches used for generation of wake fields in wakefield accelerating structures with dielectric filling is investigated. An analytical approach to solution of self-coordinated beam dynamics is developed.  
 
MOPPA010 Numerical and Analytical Methods of Modeling of Bunch Dynamics in Dielectric Filled Accelerating Structures wakefield, electron, acceleration, free-electron-laser 266
 
  • I.L. Sheynman
    LETI, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
  • A. Kanareykin
    Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA
  
  RF waveguide structures are a basis for development of new generation of accelerators on the basis of a wakefield method of the charged particle acceleration, and also free electron lasers. Numerical and analytical calculation methods of Vavilov-Cherenkov radiation generated by relativistic electronic bunches in wave guides with dielectric filling, and also self-coordinated bunch dynamics in own and external fields are considered.  
 
MOPPA019 RF Antenna Lead high-voltage, electron, simulation, cavity 284
 
  • A.M. Barnyakov, A.E. Levichev
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
  • Y.D. Chernousov
    ICKC, Novosibirsk, Russia
  • V. Ivannikov, I.V. Shebolaev
    ICKC SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
  
  RF antenna lead is described. This lead is used for RF power input to high voltage electrodes. The device consists of receiving and transmitting antennas realized as symmetrical parts of coaxial cavity with dielectric disk between the parts. Main operating characteristics are the following: high voltage is over 60 kV, coefficient of transmission at the operating frequency is over 0.97, bandpass is over 70% (at the level of -3dB). The scheme of the device, principle of work and measured results are presented.  
 
MOPPA030 X-ray Radiation High-Voltage Elements of the Tandem Accelerator With Vacuum Insulation vacuum, electron, high-voltage, neutron 299
 
  • I.N. Sorokin, A.G. Bashkirtsev, V.Ya. Chudaev, A.A. Ivanov, D.A. Kasatov, A.S. Kuznetsov, S.Yu. Taskaev
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
  
  In Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS the epithermal neutron source is entered into operation based on the tandem – accelerator with vacuum isolation. It was evaluated the accelerating installation components of a X-ray field causing dark current and breakdowns in accelerating gaps. The estimated account of equivalent doze capacity on different distances from the accelerator in the protected hall and behind its limits is made. The experimental measurements were carried out and the study results of the doze capacity dynamics are submitted, depending on change of a dark current in tandem accelerating gaps at a complete working voltage 1 MV without a beam. The spectrum of X-ray radiation is experimentally measured. It is experimentally revealed and the occurrence of powerful X-ray radiation is investigated at substantial growth of the aperture of the accelerating channel. Are offered and the changes of a design of installation for prevention of occurrence of powerful X-ray radiation are realized. The carried out research allows setting necessary parameters for designing medical installation on the basis of an accelerator - tandem with vacuum isolation with the purpose of realization in oncological clinics neutron-capture therapy of malignant tumours.  
 
TUPPB009 RF Self–Consistent Electron Beam Dynamics Simulation in THz Generator Based on Photoinjector and Cherenkov Decelerating System simulation, beam-loading, acceleration, electron 328
 
  • T.V. Bondarenko, S.M. Polozov, O.A. Tatsyuk
    MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
  
  The generator of high intensity monochromatic radiation in sub-mm band is currently under R&D at the Department of Electrophysical Facilities of MEPhI. This generator is based on photoinjector and irradiating Cherenkov capillary. It is necessary to have high brightness electron beams to generate of monochromatic radiation in this type of structure. These beams can be produced by photocathode and accelerated to energy of several MeV using short structure having high rate of energy gain. Irradiating capillary represents metal tube having inner radius of the radiation wavelength order and covered with dielectric layer or made of corrugated waveguide. It's important to study the self-consistent dynamics of the beam during the acceleration as the pulse current is equal several A, i.e. the beam dynamics should be studied taking into account RF (radiation) field and Coulomb field of self space charge. Another task is to study the electron beam dynamics and fields irradiated by it in decelerating structure in the absence of external fields. The scheme of the facility, its operation mode and high-current beam dynamics simulation results in accelerating and irradiating structures are presented.  
 
TUPPB013 Dependence on Betatron Oscillations of the Angular Velocity electron, synchrotron, synchrotron-radiation, quadrupole 340
 
  • O.E. Shishanin
    MSIU, Moscow, Russia
  
  An examination of this topic among other factors is necessary to an understanding of the role of electron vibrations at the formation of synchrotron radiation. Mentioned problem was resolved by author in various periodic magnetic fields. Influence on radiation of the correction terms to the angular velocity for storage rings is also discussed.  
 
TUPPB014 Cooling of Electron Beams electron, synchrotron, storage-ring, cyclotron 342
 
  • V.M. Khoruzhiy
    NSC/KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine
  
  Cooling of electron beams (transversal velocities reducing) in storage rings (cyclic accelerators) may be realized using gyromonotron device as part of storage ring at straight-line portion. The gyromonotron is a HF oscillator for cm and mm band of wavelength in which electron beam with nonzero transversal velocities is used for excitation electromagnetic wave. Energy of transversal motion of electron beam converts into energy of electromagnetic wave during multiple passing the same bunches with repetition frequency f0 through gyromonotron. We choose frequency f0 (and corresponding wavelength AL) as minimal frequency (H111 mode) for gyromonotron's resonator. As well known, frequency f0 of H111 mode gives possibility to determine radius of the resonator R~AL/(2*1.71). We assumed above that resonator's length L/(2*R)>1. It is possible for gyromonotron's solenoid to determine longitudinal magnetic field Hz(kOE)=11/AL(cm) for low relativistic beam's energy. For gyromonotron's operation at given frequency it's needed realization of condition for relativistic cyclotron frequency Omrel/(2*3.14)~ f0. Emitted beam radiation dissipates inside gyromonotron’s resonator (output window is absent). Q-quality gyromonotron’s resonator and pitch factor PF of electron beam have to satisfy condition Q* PF>1 (for "warm" or superconducting (SC) resonators).  
 
TUPPB029 Transverse Dynamics of a Ring Beam in a Coaxial Two-Channel Dielectric Waveguide wakefield, vacuum, simulation, acceleration 379
 
  • A. Altmark
    LETI, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
  • A. Kanareykin
    Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA
  
  The most critical issue of wakefield accelerating schemes is transformer ratio (maximum energy gain of the witness bunch/maximum energy loss of the drive bunch) which cannot exceed 2 in collinear wakefield accelerator with use of Gaussian bunches. We observe new scheme of wakefield acceleration in collinear two-channel waveguide where accelerating field created by electron bunch with annular charge distribution passing in vacuum layer. This radiation is used for acceleration of witness beam which passing through central vacuum channel. These vacuumareas separated by dielectric tube. Transformer ratio for this scheme can be much greater than 2. The main problem of wakefield accelerators is transverse beam dynamics of the driver bunch, because of high value of its charge and low energy of the particles. We present results of the beam dynamics calculation of the annular drive beam by "macroparticle" method based on analytical expressions for Cerenkov radiation. The upgraded BBU-3000 code has been used for calculation of the beam dynamics in coaxial dielectric wakefield accelerating structures. It is shown that dynamics depends on radial and azimuthally structures of HEM modes excited by the drive beam there. Initial beam imperfections to the beam dynamics was carried out.  
 
TUPPB030 Computer Simulation of the Electron Beam Energy Spectrum Measurement by the Magnetic Analyzer Method Based on Scanning System of the Sterilization Installation electron, induction, acceleration, simulation 382
 
  • P.A. Bystrov, M.A. Alekseev, N.E. Rozanov
    MRTI RAS, Moscow, Russia
  
  A method for measuring the characteristic, which makes possible to find the energy spectrum of the electron beam of the accelerator is described. This method uses the magnetic analyzer, which is based on the scanning system of the standing wave linear electron accelerator, mounted on the radiation sterilizer. This characteristic is the dependence of beam current, that reaches the induction sensor at the accelerator output window, on the magnetic field, deflecting the beam from the axis of the system. The results of the measurements of these characteristic, which were performed on the sterilization installation in MRTI, are presented. The computer simulation of electron beam dynamics in the scanning system for the case of these experiments was performed with the help of developed program "BEAM SCANNING". The similar dependence of the beam current on the magnetic field was obtained. The necessity of taking into account the effect of electron reflection from the walls of vacuum chamber is stated. To describe this effect the additional features were implemented in the program. As a result of calculations with the account of this effect, the correspondence of the calculated curve and experimental one was reached. This means that the calculated spectrum corresponds to the actual energy spectrum of the electron beam in the experiment.  
 
TUPPB040 Angiography X-ray Monochromatic Source Based on Radiation From Crystals electron, photon, scattering, laser 406
 
  • T.V. Bondarenko, G.B. Sharkov
    Siemens LLC, Moscow, Russia
  • Y.A. Bashmakov
    LPI, Moscow, Russia
  • S.M. Polozov
    MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
  
  Nowadays angiography has become one of the most commonly used medical procedures. However the X-ray tubes are mostly used in angiography imaging systems. The problem that encounters in using X-ray tubes is low monochromaticity due to bremsstrahlung while angiography imaging requires quasimonochromatic energy spectrum for better image quality and lower dose rate obtained by the patient. The use of the monocrystaline target at the medical electron LINAC can be one of the possible ways to obtain the monochromatic X-ray radiation. This type of X-ray generator will provide monochromatic radiation with photon energy dependent on the electron beam energy. The X-ray generation mechanism, possibilities of monocrystal usage as an X-ray source for angiography and requirements for beam parameters are discussed.  
 
TUPPB052 A ps-Pulsed E-gun Advanced to a T-wave Source of MW-level Peak Power laser, electron, FEL, cathode 430
 
  • A.V. Smirnov
    RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, USA
  
  Funding: Department of Energy
A coherent source based on a electron gun is considered to deliver high instantaneous power comparable to that available from just a few other non-FEL and most FEL sources at mm-submillimeter wavelengths. A DC or RF E-gun is integrated with a robust, compact, efficient, dismountable radiator inside the vacuum envelope. Wakefield radiator is driven by a low-energy photoinjector operated in a custom mode combining strong over-focusing, robust slow-wave structure, and pulse sub-ps photoinjectior employing on-cathode beam modulation with conventional optical multiplexing. Single pulse mode operation is enhanced with filed compression effect at high group velocity. The performance is analyzed analytically and numerically supported by experimental data on beam overfocusing. Radiation outcoupling is analyzed as well. 		 
 
WEPPC004 Maximum Value of the Standing Wave and Travelling Wave Accelerating Structures Electronic Efficiency electron, cavity, linac, coupling 453
 
  • S. Proskin, A. Kulago
    MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
  
  A new theoretical approach for a calculation of the standing wave structure electronic efficiency is described. As a result the electronic efficiency of the biperiodic structure is evaluated regarding a new definition  
 
WEPPC005 Extreme Density Charge Electron Bunches electron, target, linac, controls 456
 
  • S. Proskin, A. Kulago
    MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
  
  This paper presents untraditional approach for obtaining the DLWG limited bunch charge (LBC). The maximum energy of accelerated bunch is considered. As a result the bremsstrahlung maximum dose rate evaluation is obtained  
 
WEPPC035 System of Vacuum Monitoring of Synchrotron Radiation Source of National Research Center Kurchatov Institute vacuum, controls, synchrotron, high-voltage 518
 
  • N.I. Moseiko, V. Korchuganov, D.G. Odintsov
    NRC, Moscow, Russia
  • Y.V. Krylov, L.A. Moseiko, A.V. Shirokov
    RRC, Moscow, Russia
  • B.I. Semenov
    RRC KI, Moscow, Russia
  
  The source of synchrotron radiation of National Research Center Kurchatov Institute (KCSR) consists of the main ring on energy of electrons of 2.5 GeV, the booster ring on the maximum energy of 450 MeV and 80 MeV linac. The project of upgrade of KCSR vacuum system, including transition to new power supplies for sputter ion pumps is developed and is implemented. The vacuum system provides vacuum of 0.1 mkPa. The new vacuum system is developed on the basis of the modern high-voltage power supply of the VIP-27 type controlled by the interface units of the BUP-27 type, is placed in standard crate 3U Euromechanics. VIP-27 is controlled the four pumps of PVIG 250/600 type. The vacuum system is controlled from the Pentium computer on the CAN bus. Now the upgraded system serves about 100 vacuum pumps. Power supply unit provides voltage up to 7 kV. The vacuum monitoring is provided by measurements of the current of the power supply unit in the range of 0.0001-10 mA. The status display and the data archive based on MS SQL Server.  
 
WEPPC037 Cylindrical Phased Dipoles Array for Hyperthermia of Deep-Situated Tumors dipole, simulation, electromagnetic-fields, radio-frequency 521
 
  • A.M. Fadeev, V.N. Belyaev, S.M. Polozov
    MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
  • E.A. Perelstein
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  
  The treatment of deep-situated malignant tumors is often a difficult problem in which the purpose is to reduce the size of completely remove a tumor by using one or more modalities. The traditional methods are: radiation therapy, chemotherapy and surgery. Hyperthermia is another method which is used alone or coupled with other methods of cancer treatment. Hyperthermia is a heating of the tumor that makes it more sensitive to chemotherapy or radiation therapy and leads to it thermal damage. Temperature range for hyperthermia treatment is from 42.5 C to 45 C. It is important to prevent heating of healthy tissues and to produce sufficient heating at the site of a deep-situated tumor. This kind of hyperthermia is called the local hyperthermia. The electromagnetic field in 100-200 MHz frequency range is optimal for heating of deep-situated tumors. The system for local hyperthermia of cancer was simulated. This system is based on cylindrical phased array consisting of multiple dipole antennas with operating frequency 150 MHz. The electric fields and specific absorption rate distributions are calculated in cut of tissue-equivalent phantom. Shown that electric field can be focused in desirable region by means of varying of amplitudes and phases of each dipole. The advantages of using combined therapy of common hyperthermia with chemotherapy or radiation therapy are discussed.  
 
WEPPC039 Data Processing and Quantitation in Nuclear Medicine ion, diagnostics, extraction 526
 
  • E.D. Kotina, V.A. Ploskikh
    St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
  
  Accelerators of charged particles, radiation detectors are widely used in nuclear therapy and nuclear diagnostics. So there is necessity for diagnostic processing of data obtained using these devices. Nuclear diagnostics is based on analysis of radiation passing through the study object emitted from radiopharmaceuticals within the object or from external radiation source. First stage of data processing is presentation of detector signals in 2D or 3D image form. Further processing is based on mathematical modeling of processes within the investigated object. Mathematical modeling of static, dynamic and periodic processes is considered for quantitative analysis of studies in nephrology, osteology, endocrinology and cardiology. The data processing and quantitation software suite is presented. Clinical applications of the developed suite are discussed. Possibilities of software deployment in clinical centers are considered.  
 
WEPPC046 RF Photoinjector Parameters Optimization coupling, vacuum, impedance, electron 535
 
  • T.V. Bondarenko, S.M. Polozov
    MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
  
  Sources of high-power electromagnetic radiation in THz band are becoming promising as a new method of a low activation introscopy. Research and development of accelerating RF photoinjector for THz source are reported. The photoinjector is based on disk loaded waveguide (DLW). Photoinjector consists of two accelerating structures: widespread 1.6 cell DLW structure and travelling wave resonator structure based on 8 cells traveling wave accelerating structure. The resonant models of these structures and the structures with power ports were designed. Electrodynamics characteristics and electric field distribution for all models were acquired. Electrodynamics models were tuned to the resonant frequency of 3000 MHz. Magnetic field coupling between cells of accelerating structure and optimization of the diaphragms sizes were analyzed to enlarge the structures efficiency. Diaphragms windows profiles were optimized to decrease the overvoltage on the windows edges and to eliminate the breakdown possibility.  
 
WEPPC047 Operational Experience with 55 MeV Pulsed RTM linac, klystron, high-voltage, controls 538
 
  • V.V. Khankin, N.I. Pakhomov, V.I. Shvedunov
    MSU, Moscow, Russia
  • A.I. Karev, V.G. Raevsky
    LPI, Moscow, Russia
  
  Operational experience with 55 MeV RTM * is reported. After RTM commissioning described in * it was installed in specially built bunker with 60-80 cm thick barite concrete walls placed in accelerator hall in order to protect detector equipment from parasitic radiation. New equipment was installed at RTM including new pulsed modulator, high power vacuum window and circulator, new cooling system, additional steering coils. Control system software based on LabView was also modified to make RTM tuning easier. Introduced changes made RTM operation more stable, beam transmission through RTM was improved. After re-commissioning RTM is used for experiments in nuclear physics, in PET isotope production research, in explosive detection experiments etc.
*A.I.Karev, A.N.Lebedev, V.G.Raevsky, A.N.Ermakov, A.N.Kamanin, V.V.Khankin, N.I.Pahomov, V.I.Shvedunov, etc., 55 MeV special purpose race-track microtron commissioning, in Proc. RuPAC-2010, p.316-318 		 
 
WEPPC053 The IDK-6/9MeV Linear Electron Accelerator and its Application in the Customs Inspection System controls, electron, cathode, interlocks 549
 
  • V.P. Malyshev, B.O. Bolshakov, P.O. Klinovskiy, K.V. Kotenko, A.V. Sidorov, V. Smekalkin
    NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia
  
  A linear electron accelerator IDK-6/9МeV has been designed for operation as a source of ionizing radiation in a customs inspection system intended for inspection of large-scale cargos. The main operating mode of the accelerator is the X-ray mode with an energy of 6 MeV, which ensures the penetrability (for steel) more than 300 mm. The operating mode of the accelerator can be quickly changed for 9 Mev, which allows the objects under study to be discriminated based on the organics/non-organics criterion using the "two energies" method. A triode electron source with cathode and grid modulators is applied in the accelerator. A system of collimators located at the output of the accelerating device ensures shaping of an X-ray beam fan-shaped in the vertical plane with an opening angle of 460 directed towards the detector line. The accelerator is equipped with a computerized system of protective interlocks and control, which makes possible its operation both in the setting mode and as a component of the whole customs inspection system.  
 
WEPPC054 Updating of the "Electron-3M2" Accelerator in the Line for Radiation Curing of Polymer Coatings electron, shielding, extraction, high-voltage 551
 
  • V.P. Ovchinnikov, O.V. Borisov, I.V. Druzgalckiy, V.V. Koltsov, V.P. Maznev, A.I. Seleznev, M.P. Svinin
    NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia
  
  In 2008-2009, NIIEFA specialists performed works on updating the "ELECTRON-3M" accelerator previously delivered to FSUE "Admiralty Shipyards" to be operated on the line for radiation curing of polymer coatings. After obtaining nominal parameters on the updated accelerator "ELECTRON-3M2", the intensity of bremsstrahlung radiation on the surface of the accelerator shielding was measured; the obtained data confirmed the machine compliance with corresponding norms and regulation documents. Measurements of parameters of the accelerator electron radiation field have demonstrated that the uniformity coefficient of the beam current linear density is 5%, and the symmetry coefficient amounts to 1%. The beam current and accelerating voltage instability during one hour of operation does not exceed 1%. After the updating, the lifetime of the accelerator will be not less than 10 years.  
 
WEPPC056 Improving of Uniformity of the Electron-Beam Treatment of Materials by ELV Accelerators electron, controls, scattering, focusing 557
 
  • D.A. Kogut, S. Fadeev, N.K. Kuksanov
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
  
  The problem of the absorbed dose distribution during the EB treatment by ELV accelerator is considered. The value of the absorbed dose is determined by the speed of scanning electron beam along the accelerator exit window (i.e. the movement across the conveyor). It is determined both by the shape of scanning current and by the geometry of scanning magnets. A simple way to improve the dose distribution near the edges of the extraction device of accelerator is suggested. It allows to provide the non-uniformity less 4%.  
 
WEPPD002 Simulations and Design of THz Wiggler for 15-40 MeV FEL wiggler, simulation, electron, power-supply 569
 
  • E. Syresin, S.A. Kostromin, R.S. Makarov, N.A. Morozov, D. Petrov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  
  The electromagnetic wiggler is applied for narrow-band THz radiation in the 30 mkm to 9.35 mm wavelength range. This is a planar electromagnetic device with 6 regular periods, each 30 cm long. The end termination pattern structure is +1/4,-3/4,+1,…,- 1,+3/4,-1/4. This structure is more appreciable for compensation of the first and second fields, especially, to provide the small value of of second integral of 500 G*cm2. The peak magnetic field is up to 0.356 T, it is defined by large wiggler gap of 102 mm and available capacity of water cooling system of 70 kW. The parameter is varied in the range K=0.5-7.12 corresponding to a field range B=0.025-0.356 T peak field on axis. The wiggler is used in 15-40 MeV at beam currents up to 1.6 mA. The bunch compression scheme allows the whole wavelength range to be covered by super-radiant emission with a sufficient form factor. The wavelength range corresponds to 217 mkm - 9.35 mm at electron energy of 15 MeV, it is equal to 54 mkm - 2.3 mm at electron energy of 30 MeV and it is 30 mkm - 1.33 mm at electron energy of 40 MeV. The 3D Opera simulations and design of THz wiggler is under discussion.  
 
WEPPD003 Diagnostic Technique with Femtosecond Resolution Applied for FEL Electron Bunches electron, undulator, photon, FEL 572
 
  • E. Syresin, A.Yu. Grebentsov, R.S. Makarov, N.A. Morozov, M.V. Yurkov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • O.I. Brovko, A.V. Shabunov
    JINR/VBLHEP, Moscow, Russia
  
  Diagnostic technique applied for FEL ultrashort electron bunches is developed at JINR-DESY collaboration within the framework of the FLASH and XFEL projects. Photon diagnostics developed at JINR-DESY collaboration for ultrashort electron bunches are based on calorimetric measurements and detection of undulator radiation. The infrared undulator constructed at JINR and installed at FLASH is used for longitudinal bunch shape measurements and for two-color lasing provided by the FIR and VUV undulators. The pump probe experiments with VUV and FIR undulators provide the bunch profile measurements with resolution of several femtosecond. The MCP based radiation detectors are effectively used at FLASH for VUV pulse energy measurements. The new three MCP detectors operated in X-ray range are under development now in JINR for SASE1-SASE 3 XFEL.  
 
WEPPD009 Measurement of Speed of Light Emitted by Ultrarelativistic Source electron, synchrotron, synchrotron-radiation, cavity 584
 
  • A. Stirin, P. Aleksandrov, V. Korchuganov
    NRC, Moscow, Russia
  • E.B. Aleksandrov
    IOFFE, St. Petersburg, Russia
  • V.S. Zapasskii
    Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
  
  Funding: The work was supported by the Russian Fundation for Basic Research under Project No.11-02-00538-а.
The paper focuses on the results of experiments on direct measurement of speed of the light emitted by an ultrarelativistic source. The source of synchrotron radiation (SR), Siberia-1 electron storage ring at Kurchatov Institute, was used as a pulsed source of light. Experiments were made on the visible part of the SR emitted by ultrarelativistic electron bunch moving along a curved trajectory in the magnetic field of the bending magnet. The measured value of speed of the light pulse in vacuum coincided with the tabular value of the light speed within 0.5%. Results of the measurements support the second postulate of Einstein's special theory of relativity about independence of speed of light from the source velocity. The paper contains schematic of the experiment, description of its components, main parameters of Siberia-1 electron storage ring and electron bunches. Description of the method of direct measurement of light speed as well as experimental oscillograms and calculation data are also presented. 		 
 
WEPPD020 Helical 1Tx1cm Pulsed Insertion Devices for Production of Intense Polarized X- & Gamma-rays undulator, collider, linear-collider, polarization 596
 
  • A.V. Smirnov
    RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, USA
  
  Two types of high-field, pulse undulators are revisited as non-coherent or partially coherent sources capable of undulator factor approaching unity at substantial gap-to-period ratios exceeding 0.4 that cannot be achieved with conventional technology. One type is a microwave square-guide, cross-polarized undulator system fed by high-power wake-fields extracted with CLIC type scheme adapted for that 2-beam undulator. Another novel ID is represented here by a bifilar transmission line energized by a high voltage, ~ns-pulse, solid-state generator. These undulators fit well radiation facilities and future linear colliders based on high-gradient microwave linac technology.  
 
WEPPD021 HTS Wiggler Concept for a Damping Ring wiggler, damping, multipole, dynamic-aperture 599
 
  • A.V. Smirnov
    RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, USA
  • A.A. Mikhailichenko
    CLASSE, Ithaca, New York, USA
  
  A new design for the proposed ILC damping ring (DR) is based on 2G HTS cabling technology applied to the DC windings with yoke and mu-metal-shimmed pole to achieve ~2 T high-quality field within a 86 mm gap and 32-40 cm period. Low levels of current densities (~90-100 A/mm2) provide a robust, reliable operation of the wiggler at higher heat loads, up to LN2 temperatures with long leads, enhanced flexibility for cryostats and infrastructure in harsh radiation environment, and reduced failure rate compared to the baseline SC ILC DR wiggler design at very competitive cost.  
 
WEPPD039 Development of the New Control Systems for JINR e- Linac Accelerator Test-Bench controls, gun, electron, cathode 626
 
  • M.A. Nozdrin, N. Balalykin, V. Minashkin, V.Y. Schegolev, G. Shirkov, G.V. Trubnikov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  
  Linear accelerator test-bench in the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research is based on the part of the accelerator complex which was transferred to the possession of JINR by the National Institute for Subatomic Physics (NIKHEF, Amsterdam). Analysis of the transferred accelerator equipment has shown that full re-engineering is required for its control systems; all other systems are in good condition and have considerable endurance. Results of development and creation of the Electron Gun Control System (EGCS), Video and Analog Signals Control System (VASCS) and Automatic System of Radiation Safety Control (ASRSC) are presented. These systems allowed achieving a commissioning of the first accelerator section of the bench with current of 3 mA in 1 us pulse and at beam energy of 23-25 MeV.  
 
WEPPD050 Approximate Method for Calculation of Field of Charged Particle Moving through Dielectric Object vacuum, diagnostics, simulation, plasma 656
 
  • E.S. Belonogaya, S.N. Galyamin, A.V. Tyukhtin
    Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
  
  Cherenkov radiation is widely used for particle detection. As well, it is prospective for particle bunch diagnostics. Therefore, it is actual to elaborate methods for calculation of the fields of bunches moving in the presence of different dielectric objects. We offer the approximate method based on calculation of the field in unbounded medium and accounting of boundary influence by geometrical optics. First, we consider the problem concerning the field of charge crossing a dielectric plate. This problem has an exact solution. It is used as a "test" problem for estimation of precision of the approximate method. Computation of the field is performed using both methods and the results have a good agreement. Further, we analyze the cases of more complex objects, in particular, a dielectric cone. Note, that the offered method allows to obtain wave fields using neither complex analytical transformations nor laborious numerical calculations.  
 
WEPPD052 Modernization of the Automated Control System in the Kurchatov Synchrotron Radiation Source controls, vacuum, synchrotron, synchrotron-radiation 659
 
  • E.V. Kaportsev, V. Dombrovsky, Y.V. Efimov, V. Korchuganov, Y.V. Krylov, K. Moseev, N.I. Moseiko, A.G. Valentinov, Y.L. Yupinov
    NRC, Moscow, Russia
  
  The running cycle of Kurchatov Synchrotron Radiation Source (KSRS) includes the injection of electrons with energy 80 MeV from the linear accelerator in the booster storage ring Siberia-1, the accumulation of a electron current up to 300 mA and, then, electron energy ramping up to 450 MeV with the subsequent extraction of electrons in the main ring, storage ring Siberia-2, and accumulation there up to 200 mA, and at last the energy ramping up to 2.5 GeV. The current automated control system (ACS) of the accelerating-storage complex (ASC) "SIBERIA" was established more than 20 years ago on the basis of the control equipment in the CAMAC standard. It is physically and morally outdated and does not meet modern requirements for speed, accuracy and speed of data transmission. This paper presents some options for replacing the old control system ESC to more modern components, using high-speed processor modules VME, and high-speed industrial network CAN.  
 
WEPPD053 New Electron Beam Reference Orbit Measurement System at Dedicated Synchrotron Radiation Light Source SIBERIA-2 electron, brilliance, controls, synchrotron 662
 
  • Y.A. Fomin, V. Korchuganov, A.G. Valentinov
    NRC, Moscow, Russia
  • R. Hrovatin, P. Leban
    I-Tech, Solkan, Slovenia
  • N.I. Moseiko
    RRC, Moscow, Russia
  
  The paper focuses on the project of the electron beam closed orbit measurement system at SR source SIBERIA-2 realizing at present time at Kurchatov Institute. The main purpose of new closed orbit measurement system creation is an improvement of the electron beam diagnostic system at storage ring. In addition, it will be a part of fast feedback system which will damp the distortions of the closed orbit at SIBERIA-2. This system provides continuous measurements of the electron beam closed orbit during storing, ramping and operation for users. Besides, with the help of the system it is possible to carry out turn-by-turn measurements of the electron beam trajectory during injection process. The paper describes the new orbit measurement system, the principle of operation and its technical characteristics.