RUPAC2012 - List of Keywords (cyclotron)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
WEXOR02	New Developments and a Review of the Accelerator Facilities at iThemba LABS	proton, ion, diagnostics, controls	98
	J.L. Conradie, R.A. Bark, A.H. Botha, J.C. Cornell, M.A. Crombie, J.G. De Villiers, J.L.G. Delsink, H. Du Plessis, J.S. Du Toit, W. Duckitt, D.T. Fourie, M.E. Hogan, I.H. Kohler, R.H. McAlister, H.W. Mostert, J.V. Pilcher, P.F. Rohwer, M. Sakildien, J.P. Slabbert, N. Stodart, R.W. Thomae, M.J. Van Niekerk, P.A. van Schalkwyk iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa J. Dietrich DELTA, Dortmund, Germany M. Poggi INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
	iThemba LABS is a multi-disciplinary research facility that provides accelerator-based facilities for physical, biomedical and material sciences, treatment of cancer patients with neutrons and protons and the production of radioisotopes and radiopharmaceuticals. The successful utilization of beam diagnostic equipment is critical and essential for the effective running of such a facility and will be discussed in more detail. The current status of the facility and future projects, which entail a radioactive-ion beam project as well as a dedicated facility for proton therapy, will also be discussed.
	Slides WEXOR02 [6.188 MB]

WEBOR01	The C-80 Cyclotron System. Technical Characteristics, Current Status, Progress and Prospects.	proton, controls, diagnostics, power-supply	106
	Yu.N. Gavrish, P.V. Bogdanov, A.V. Galchuck, S.V. Grigorenko, V.I. Grigoriev, L.E. Korolev, A.N. Kuzhlev, Yu.D. Menshov, V.G. Mudrolyubov, V.I. Ponomarenko, Yu.I. Stogov, A.P. Strokach, S.S. Tsygankov, I.N. Vasilchenko NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia S.A. Artamonov, E.M. Ivanov, G.F. Mikheev, G.A. Riabov, V.M. Samsonov PNPI, Gatchina, Leningrad District, Russia
	A C-80 cyclotron system is intended to produce proton beams with an energy ranging from 40 up to 80 MeV and current up to 200 mkA. The beams with these parameters will be used for commercial production of a wide spectrum of isotopes for medicine, proton radiation therapy of eye diseases and superficial oncologic diseases as well as for fundamental and applied researches. Manufacturing and installation of the cyclotron equipment and first section of the system for the beam transport to remote targets have been finished. Physical start-up of the cyclotron has been realized. In future, the C-80 cyclotron is supposed to be used as an injector of the C-230 synchrotron, which serves for additional acceleration of the extracted proton beam to energies of the order of 230 MeV. This will allow the Bragg's peak-based treatment procedures to be applied in the proton therapy of oncologic patients.

WEBOR02	Some Design Features of the 80 MeV H⁻ Isochronous Cyclotron at Gatchina	focusing, extraction, vacuum, injection	109
	G.A. Riabov, S.A. Artamonov, E.M. Ivanov, G.F. Mikheev, Yu.T. Mironov, B.B. Tokarev PNPI, Gatchina, Leningrad District, Russia V.G. Mudrolyubov NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia
	To minimize the expenditures while designing the cyclotron an attempt was made to use at most the existing synchrocyclotron infrastructure, i.e. the building with the radiation shielding, the bridge crane for 30 tones, the electric power, water cooling, ventilation systems, etc. The iron yoke of the existing synchrocyclotron magnet model is used for a magnet system. The special magnetic structure with very low value of the flatter 0.025 and extremely high spiral angle about 60 degree in the radii range from 0.3 up to 0.9 m was developed to provide acceleration of H-minus ions up to energy 80 MeV in the magnet with extraction radius 0.9 m. Special attention was paid to thoroughly study effects of the highly spiraled structure: decrease of the flatter with introduction of the spiral angle, discrepancy between the magnetic and geometrical spiral angles, the spiral angle inefficiency in the cyclotron central region.
	Slides WEBOR02 [1.952 MB]

THBCH01	High Precision Power Supply for Accelerator Magnets	power-supply, pick-up, controls, shielding	158
	A.S. Banerjee DAE/VECC, Calcutta, India
	High precision power supplies are used to power various accelerator magnets to generate stable magnetic field required for various dynamic functions of the charged particles in an Accelerator system. High current stability of the order of 5ppm to 100ppm depending on the various functional applications of the accelerator magnet is the main feature of these power supplies. The paper describes the various technical aspects and considerations depicting ripple reduction techniques, regulating loops, high precision temperature controller, R.F. pick-up attenuation, power dissipation control, handling of the input supply line power disturbances etc., which are important for achieving high stability of the power supply.
	Slides THBCH01 [1.036 MB]

FRXCH01	NIIEFA Accelerators for Industry and Medicine	radiation, electron, neutron, high-voltage	167
	M.F. Vorogushin NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia
	The D.V. Efremov Institute (NIIEFA) is one of the leading enterprises in Russia involved in designing and manufacturing of applied charged particle accelerators as well as electrophysical systems based on these accelerators. Since the foundation of the Institute, we have designed, manufactured and delivered to Russian customers and abroad more than three hundred accelerators for diverse applications, in particular, cyclotrons, linear electron accelerators, high-voltage accelerators and neutron generators. The activities of the Institute in the field of accelerating engineering encompasses all the stages of an accelerator manufacturing, starting from R&D works to manufacturing, installation and maintenance of the delivered equipment. The Institute is granted the license and the International Certificate for the Quality Management System based on the International Standard ISO 9001 for designing, development, production, installation and maintenance of charged particle accelerators. Nowadays, there are the following most promising fields of application of the accelerators designed and manufactured in NIIEFA, namely: nuclear medicine, radiotherapy and neutron therapy, non-destructive inspection, activation analysis, electron-beam sterilization, radiation processing in industry and environmental protection.
	Slides FRXCH01 [2.865 MB]

FRXCH04	FLNR Heavy Ion Cyclotrons for Investigation in the Field of Condensed Matter Physics Industrial Applications	ion, acceleration, heavy-ion, ECR	172
	B. Gikal JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	The cyclotron IC100 of the FLNR JINR provides industrial fabrication of nuclear filters. It is equipped with superconducting ECR-ion source as well as with axial injection system. The specialized beam channel with two coordinates scanning system and equipment for irradiation of polymer films has been installed in the implantation part of the complex. High intensity heavy ion beams of Ne, Ar, Fe,Kr, Xe, I, W have been accelerated up to energy of 1 MeV/nucl. The DC60 cyclotron with smoothly ion energy variation was designed by FLNR for research center at L.N.Gumilev Euroasia State University in Astana. The cyclotron equipped with ECR ion source accelerates ions from Carbon to Xenon. At the Lab of Nuclear Reactions a cyclotron complex for a wide spectrum of applied studies in the field of nanotechnologies has been developed. This complex includes a specialized DC110 cyclotron, which gives high intensity beams of accelerated Ar, Kr, and Xe ions with a fixed energy of 2.5 MeV/nucl. The DC110 cyclotron is in assembling stage now. Cyclotrons U400 and U400M, which are used basically for scientific researches, also are completed with the specialized channels and installations for applied researches. Since 2010 the heavy ion beam lines for SEE testing are used at the U400M and U400 cyclotrons. Ions of O, Ne, Ar, Fe, Kr, Xe, Bi with 3-6 MeV/nucl are available to users.
	Slides FRXCH04 [5.051 MB]

FRACH03	The CC1-3 Cyclotron System	vacuum, ion, controls, power-supply	191
	V.G. Mudrolyubov, A.V. Galchuck, Yu.N. Gavrish, S.V. Grigorenko, V.I. Grigoriev, L.E. Korolev, M.T. Kozienko, A.N. Kuzhlev, V.I. Ponomarenko, V.D. Shiltsev, Yu.I. Stogov, A.P. Strokach, S.S. Tsygankov, I.N. Vasilchenko NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia P. Beličev, A. Dobrosavljević, N. Nešković, V. Vujović VINCA, Belgrade, Serbia
	A СС1-3 cyclotron system has been designed to be installed in the Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia. This system will be operated in the laboratory of nuclear-physical methods of the elemental analysis. The system includes a compact cyclotron and a system for beam shaping with specified energy characteristics. The cyclotron ensures the acceleration of negative hydrogen ions up to energy in the range from 1 to 3 MeV and a beam of protons is extracted by stripping on a thin carbon foil. The beam-shaping system ensures the beam of protons with a spectrum width not more than 0.1%. The main unit of the beam-shaping system is a magnetic analyzer with a bending angle of 270 deg. To date, the equipment of the cyclotron system has been manufactured and tests have been carried out on test facilities in the D.V. Efremov Institute. Installation will be performed in 2012.
	Slides FRACH03 [0.684 MB]

FRACH04	Acceleration Technique Developed at JINR for Hadron Therapy	ion, electron, extraction, proton	194
	E. Syresin JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	The JINR activities are aimed on the construction of accelerators for proton and carbon ion therapy. JINR-IBA have developed and constructed the proton cyclotron C235-V3. The cyclotron will be delivered in the first Russian hospital center of the proton therapy in Dimitrovgrad in 2012. The project of the medical carbon synchrotron was developed in JINR. The project goal is accumulation of the superconducting Nuclotron technology at construction of the carbon synchrotron. Accelerated 12C ion beams are effectively used for cancer treatment. The PET is the most effective way of tumor diagnostics. The intensive radioactive 11C ion beam could allow both these advantages to be combined. JINR-NIRS collaboration develops formation of a primary radioactive ion beam at intensity on the tumor target of 10⁸ pps for the scanning radiation. A superconducting cyclotron C400 has been designed by the IBA-JINR collaboration. This cyclotron will be used for radiotherapy with proton, helium and carbon ions. Its construction was started in 2010 within the framework of the Archarde project (France). The interaction between delta electrons and DNA molecules is one of the important processes in the hadron therapy. The formation of low energy electrons and DNA ions are presented for the KEK electrostatic storage ring with the electron target developed by JINR-NIRS collaboration.
	Slides FRACH04 [2.934 MB]

FRACH05	Prospects for Introduction of Home-Made Equipment for Radionuclide Diagnostics	diagnostics, HOM, photon, positron	197
	A.P. Strokach, O.G. Filatov, A.V. Stepanov, M.F. Vorogushin NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia
	Radionuclide diagnostics that allows most diseases to be diagnosed at an early stage has recently been in the focus of attention. The current concept of radionuclide diagnostics advancement takes into account Russian geographic and demographic features and supports the application of the home-made equipment. As a basis, the concept assumes the establishment of regional diagnostic centers at hospitals in each Russian Federal district. In each such a center, a cyclotron of the CC-18/9 model, modules for radiopharmaceuticals' synthesis, single-photon emission (SPECT) and positron (PET) scanners should be installed. The yield of radiopharmaceuticals' production will satisfy the needs of such a center and of up to 30-35 SPECT-"satellites" located in diagnostic departments at hospitals situated up to 1000 km from the center. In future, on the basis of these diagnostic departments, autonomous PET-centers can be established, each equipped with СС-12 cyclotrons, modules for radiopharmaceuticals' synthesis and with 3-4 PET scanners. Implementation of the Federal Targeted Program on the serial production of cyclotrons and SPECT-scanners will allow the examination of population to be increased within 5-6 years up to 1.0-1.2 million people per year.

FRYOR01	Recent Development in ECR Ion Sources at FLNR JINR	ion, ion-source, injection, extraction	203
	S.L. Bogomolov, V.B. Bekhterev, A.A. Efremov, B. Gikal, G.G. Gulbekyan, Yu.K. Kostyukhov, N. Lebedev, V.N. Loginov, Yu. Yazvitsky JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	In the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions (JINR) the development of ion sources based on the plasma electrons heating at the frequency of electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) is stimulated by the necessity of the accelerator complex (U-400, U-400M and CI-100 cyclotrons) upgrading as well as by creation of the new high current cyclotrons for basic and applied research. Six ECR ion sources have been operated in the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions (JINR) supplying various ion species for the U400 and U400M cyclotrons correspondingly for experiments on the synthesis of heavy and exotic nuclei using ion beams of stable and radioactive isotopes, for solid state physics experiments and polymer membrane fabrication. In this paper the new development concerned with modernization of ECR4M ion source, development of the new superconducting ion source DECRIS-SC2 and creation of the DECRIS-5 ion source for the DC-110 cyclotron complex will be presented.
	Slides FRYOR01 [5.754 MB]

FRBCH01	Development of the IBA-JINR Cyclotron C235-V3 for Dimitrovgrad Hospital Center of the Proton Therapy	proton, extraction, beam-losses, focusing	221
	S.A. Kostromin, S. Gurskiy, G.A. Karamysheva, M.Y. Kazarinov, S.A. Korovkin, S.P. Mokrenko, N.A. Morozov, A.G. Olshevsky, V.M. Romanov, E. Samsonov, N.G. Shakun, G. Shirkov, S.G. Shirkov, E. Syresin JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia P. Cahay, Y. Jongen, Y. Paradis IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
	The Dimitrovgrad project, the first Russian hospital center of the proton therapy, was approved in 2010. The JINR-IBA collaboration developed and constructed the C235-V3 proton cyclotron for this center. The assembly and the beam tests of the machine were done in 2011-2012 in special experimental hall in JINR. This cyclotron is a substantially modified version C235-V3 of the IBA C235 serial cyclotron. C235-V3 has the improved extraction system which was constructed and tested. This system allows raise the extraction efficiency up to 77% from 50% in comparison with serial C235. Special mapping system (for Br-component) of the magnetic field was developed and constructed by JINR for the shimming of the Br-field in the middle plane of the cyclotron. Tests with accelerated and extracted beam were performed in August 2012 in JINR. Beam vertical motion in the cyclotron is in the acceptable limits (ΔZbeam≤3 mm). Transmission from r=300mm to 10³⁰ is 72% without beam cutting diaphragms. This allows reduce irradiation dose of the machine elements in comparison with serial C235. Extraction efficiency is 62%. Total efficiency of the machine is 45%. Recommendations are formulated to modify the magnetic system and reduce sensitivity of the machine to the magnetic field imperfections. Most of changes concerned with the increasing of the vertical focusing at the final radii.
	Slides FRBCH01 [6.282 MB]

FRBCH06	Project of the Radioisotope Facility RIC-80 (Radioactive Isotopes at Cyclotrone C-80) in PNPI	target, ion, proton, diagnostics	236
	V.N. Panteleev, A.E. Barzakh, L.Kh. Batist, D.V. Fedorov, A.M. Filatova, K.A. Mezilev, P.L. Molkanov, F.V. Moroz, Yu.M. Volkov PNPI, Gatchina, Leningrad District, Russia
	It is well known presently that radionuclides produced with cyclotrons have very good nuclear-physical characteristics for use in medicine and a set of these nuclides is much wider than produced with the reactors. At PNPI a high current cyclotron C-80 with the energy of extracted proton beam of 40-80 MeV and the current up to 200 mkA is under construction. It is planned to start its operation at the end of 2012. One of the main goals of C-80 is production of a wide spectrum of medical radio- nuclides for diagnostics and therapy. At present time a project is worked out for the construction of radioisotope complex RIC-80 (Radio Isotopes at the cyclotron C-80) at the beam of C-80. In the presented submission the project of RIC-80 complex is discussed, which includes four target stations for the production of a wide set of radionuclides for medicine. The peculiarity of the proposed radioisotope facility is the use of the mass-separator with the target-ion source device as one of the target stations for on-line, or semi on-line production of a high purity separated radioisotopes. The possibility of production of different medical radionuclides, including relatively short-lived ones, is discussed as well.
	Slides FRBCH06 [1.101 MB]

TUPPB008	SNOP – Beam Dynamics Analysis Code for Compact Cyclotrons	simulation, space-charge, extraction, acceleration	325
	V.L. Smirnov JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia S.B. Vorozhtsov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	The program complex intended for particle dynamic simulations in a compact cyclotron from an injection line to the extraction system is described. The main features of the program SNOP are usage of 3D electric and magnetic field maps, beam space charge effect calculation and analysis of the beam losses on structure elements of the facility under consideration. An optimal usage of the modern computer capabilities and graphic libraries for visualization is a key issue in the program development. The beam dynamic modeling results for various cyclotrons are presented.

TUPPB014	Cooling of Electron Beams	electron, synchrotron, radiation, storage-ring	342
	V.M. Khoruzhiy NSC/KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine
	Cooling of electron beams (transversal velocities reducing) in storage rings (cyclic accelerators) may be realized using gyromonotron device as part of storage ring at straight-line portion. The gyromonotron is a HF oscillator for cm and mm band of wavelength in which electron beam with nonzero transversal velocities is used for excitation electromagnetic wave. Energy of transversal motion of electron beam converts into energy of electromagnetic wave during multiple passing the same bunches with repetition frequency f0 through gyromonotron. We choose frequency f0 (and corresponding wavelength AL) as minimal frequency (H111 mode) for gyromonotron's resonator. As well known, frequency f0 of H111 mode gives possibility to determine radius of the resonator R~AL/(21.71). We assumed above that resonator's length L/(2R)>1. It is possible for gyromonotron's solenoid to determine longitudinal magnetic field Hz(kOE)=11/AL(cm) for low relativistic beam's energy. For gyromonotron's operation at given frequency it's needed realization of condition for relativistic cyclotron frequency Om_rel/(23.14)~ f0. Emitted beam radiation dissipates inside gyromonotron’s resonator (output window is absent). Q-quality gyromonotron’s resonator and pitch factor PF of electron beam have to satisfy condition Q PF>1 (for "warm" or superconducting (SC) resonators).

WEPPC015	Highly Accurate 3D Modeling of the C-80 Isochronous Cyclotron Magnetic Structure	ion, extraction, H-minus, simulation	475
	S.A. Artamonov, A.N. Chernov, E.M. Ivanov, G.A. Riabov PNPI, Gatchina, Leningrad District, Russia
	The very complicated magnetic structure with extremely high spiral angle and set of 17 correction shim types in each of 8 sectors is used in the H-minus ion isochronous cyclotron C-80. The 3D code MERMAID was applied to optimize geometry of the sectors and shims in the hill and value region. A precision finite-element model allows take into account the iron non-linear effects and the detailed magnet geometry. MERMAID makes use about 20.5 millions nodes and provides magnetic field calculation accuracy in 10^-20 Gs. The integral magnetic field parameters (isochronism, transversal motion frequency, H-minus ion electromagnetic dissociation) have been optimized by using the trajectory analyses. Program provides the significant reduction the time and efforts for the determination the necessary shims set in comparison with trial-and-error method.

WEPPC016	Update of Classical Cyclotron U-150 Magnetic System. Simulation and Experiment	simulation, vacuum, ECR, proton	478
	N.S. Azaryan, Yu.G. Alenitsky, A. Chesnov, O. Lepkina, E. Samsonov, I.M. Sedych, V.L. Smirnov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia I.R. Gulamov, Z.V. Shukurov, R.A. Umerov, Ya.M. Uzakov Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, The Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
	Classical cyclotron U-150 located in the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, was developed more than 50 years ago in Efremov’s institute for acceleration various particles (p, d, He). For magnetic field re-tuning the current coils are used. Nowadays U-150 is used to accelerate only protons to energy of 15-22 MeV for producing isotopes for medical or industrial applications. In order to save the electrical energy and operating simplification it is proposed to create a decreasing average magnetic field in cyclotron only by means of ferromagnetic parts. To create a negative gradient of the magnetic field steel parts are made and installed in the magnet. Analysis of measurement results showed the possibility of production of the required isotopes in updated U-150 with power economy of about 15%. Experimental irradiation of the target showed that the created field gradient did not provide an achievement of the required proton energy at radius of 64-65 cm. To achieve required energy one correction coil is kept in operation and measured magnetic field showed a satisfactory result. For estimation of possibility of creating the required magnetic field gradient without correction by coils the simulation of the cyclotron magnetic system were done and the results of calculations and its analysis are presented in this paper.

WEPPC055	High Efficiency [F18]Fluoride Target System for Efremov Institute CC-18/9 Cyclotron	target, proton, ion, niobium	554
	D. Sysoev RRCRST, Pesochniy, Russia
	Radionuclide fluoride-18 is produced by 18O(p,n)18F nuclear reaction in irradiating H2[18O] enriched water. The former fluoride-18 target system to this cyclotron, supplied by the cyclotron producer, The Efremov Institute, possesses insufficient productivity, not greater than 1 Ci of fluorine during 2 hour irradiation and also it doesn't allow achieving high radiochemical yields in producing radiopharmaceuticals due to contamination of irradiated water with metallic impurities from target body. To provide the radiopharmaceutical department of Russian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies with required amount of fluoride-18 radionuclide, the new target system has been designed and tested. This target system allows obtaining 5 Ci of fluoride-18 at beam current of 50 mkA during 2 hour irradiation and ensures minimum amount of metal contaminations and, hence, higher radiochemical yield (up to 90% decay corrected, F18-FDG).

WEPPD041	Acceleration of Low Charge Krypton Ions in the CYTRACK Cyclotron	ion, acceleration, injection, extraction	632
	G.A. Karamysheva, Yu.N. Denisov, O. Karamyshev JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	The basic results of numeric simulations of Krypton ion motion with decreased charge in cyclotron CYTRACK are presented. Cyclotron CYTRACK is the first world industrial cyclotron dedicated to produce the track membranes. Computer modeling confirms the possibility of ion acceleration in the formed magnetic field with increase of the magnetic field level by 1.6% on the 6 harmonic of the accelerating system. Beam energy will be sufficient for exposure of the film with thickness 10 um.

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

WEXOR02

New Developments and a Review of the Accelerator Facilities at iThemba LABS

proton, ion, diagnostics, controls

98

J.L. Conradie, R.A. Bark, A.H. Botha, J.C. Cornell, M.A. Crombie, J.G. De Villiers, J.L.G. Delsink, H. Du Plessis, J.S. Du Toit, W. Duckitt, D.T. Fourie, M.E. Hogan, I.H. Kohler, R.H. McAlister, H.W. Mostert, J.V. Pilcher, P.F. Rohwer, M. Sakildien, J.P. Slabbert, N. Stodart, R.W. Thomae, M.J. Van Niekerk, P.A. van Schalkwyk
iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa
J. Dietrich
DELTA, Dortmund, Germany
M. Poggi
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy

iThemba LABS is a multi-disciplinary research facility that provides accelerator-based facilities for physical, biomedical and material sciences, treatment of cancer patients with neutrons and protons and the production of radioisotopes and radiopharmaceuticals. The successful utilization of beam diagnostic equipment is critical and essential for the effective running of such a facility and will be discussed in more detail. The current status of the facility and future projects, which entail a radioactive-ion beam project as well as a dedicated facility for proton therapy, will also be discussed.

Slides WEXOR02 [6.188 MB]

WEBOR01

The C-80 Cyclotron System. Technical Characteristics, Current Status, Progress and Prospects.

proton, controls, diagnostics, power-supply

106

Yu.N. Gavrish, P.V. Bogdanov, A.V. Galchuck, S.V. Grigorenko, V.I. Grigoriev, L.E. Korolev, A.N. Kuzhlev, Yu.D. Menshov, V.G. Mudrolyubov, V.I. Ponomarenko, Yu.I. Stogov, A.P. Strokach, S.S. Tsygankov, I.N. Vasilchenko
NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia
S.A. Artamonov, E.M. Ivanov, G.F. Mikheev, G.A. Riabov, V.M. Samsonov
PNPI, Gatchina, Leningrad District, Russia

A C-80 cyclotron system is intended to produce proton beams with an energy ranging from 40 up to 80 MeV and current up to 200 mkA. The beams with these parameters will be used for commercial production of a wide spectrum of isotopes for medicine, proton radiation therapy of eye diseases and superficial oncologic diseases as well as for fundamental and applied researches. Manufacturing and installation of the cyclotron equipment and first section of the system for the beam transport to remote targets have been finished. Physical start-up of the cyclotron has been realized. In future, the C-80 cyclotron is supposed to be used as an injector of the C-230 synchrotron, which serves for additional acceleration of the extracted proton beam to energies of the order of 230 MeV. This will allow the Bragg's peak-based treatment procedures to be applied in the proton therapy of oncologic patients.

WEBOR02

Some Design Features of the 80 MeV H⁻ Isochronous Cyclotron at Gatchina

focusing, extraction, vacuum, injection

109

G.A. Riabov, S.A. Artamonov, E.M. Ivanov, G.F. Mikheev, Yu.T. Mironov, B.B. Tokarev
PNPI, Gatchina, Leningrad District, Russia
V.G. Mudrolyubov
NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia

To minimize the expenditures while designing the cyclotron an attempt was made to use at most the existing synchrocyclotron infrastructure, i.e. the building with the radiation shielding, the bridge crane for 30 tones, the electric power, water cooling, ventilation systems, etc. The iron yoke of the existing synchrocyclotron magnet model is used for a magnet system. The special magnetic structure with very low value of the flatter 0.025 and extremely high spiral angle about 60 degree in the radii range from 0.3 up to 0.9 m was developed to provide acceleration of H-minus ions up to energy 80 MeV in the magnet with extraction radius 0.9 m. Special attention was paid to thoroughly study effects of the highly spiraled structure: decrease of the flatter with introduction of the spiral angle, discrepancy between the magnetic and geometrical spiral angles, the spiral angle inefficiency in the cyclotron central region.

Slides WEBOR02 [1.952 MB]

THBCH01

High Precision Power Supply for Accelerator Magnets

power-supply, pick-up, controls, shielding

158

A.S. Banerjee
DAE/VECC, Calcutta, India

High precision power supplies are used to power various accelerator magnets to generate stable magnetic field required for various dynamic functions of the charged particles in an Accelerator system. High current stability of the order of 5ppm to 100ppm depending on the various functional applications of the accelerator magnet is the main feature of these power supplies. The paper describes the various technical aspects and considerations depicting ripple reduction techniques, regulating loops, high precision temperature controller, R.F. pick-up attenuation, power dissipation control, handling of the input supply line power disturbances etc., which are important for achieving high stability of the power supply.

Slides THBCH01 [1.036 MB]

FRXCH01

NIIEFA Accelerators for Industry and Medicine

radiation, electron, neutron, high-voltage

167

M.F. Vorogushin
NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia

The D.V. Efremov Institute (NIIEFA) is one of the leading enterprises in Russia involved in designing and manufacturing of applied charged particle accelerators as well as electrophysical systems based on these accelerators. Since the foundation of the Institute, we have designed, manufactured and delivered to Russian customers and abroad more than three hundred accelerators for diverse applications, in particular, cyclotrons, linear electron accelerators, high-voltage accelerators and neutron generators. The activities of the Institute in the field of accelerating engineering encompasses all the stages of an accelerator manufacturing, starting from R&D works to manufacturing, installation and maintenance of the delivered equipment. The Institute is granted the license and the International Certificate for the Quality Management System based on the International Standard ISO 9001 for designing, development, production, installation and maintenance of charged particle accelerators. Nowadays, there are the following most promising fields of application of the accelerators designed and manufactured in NIIEFA, namely: nuclear medicine, radiotherapy and neutron therapy, non-destructive inspection, activation analysis, electron-beam sterilization, radiation processing in industry and environmental protection.

Slides FRXCH01 [2.865 MB]

FRXCH04

FLNR Heavy Ion Cyclotrons for Investigation in the Field of Condensed Matter Physics Industrial Applications

ion, acceleration, heavy-ion, ECR

172

B. Gikal
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

The cyclotron IC100 of the FLNR JINR provides industrial fabrication of nuclear filters. It is equipped with superconducting ECR-ion source as well as with axial injection system. The specialized beam channel with two coordinates scanning system and equipment for irradiation of polymer films has been installed in the implantation part of the complex. High intensity heavy ion beams of Ne, Ar, Fe,Kr, Xe, I, W have been accelerated up to energy of 1 MeV/nucl. The DC60 cyclotron with smoothly ion energy variation was designed by FLNR for research center at L.N.Gumilev Euroasia State University in Astana. The cyclotron equipped with ECR ion source accelerates ions from Carbon to Xenon. At the Lab of Nuclear Reactions a cyclotron complex for a wide spectrum of applied studies in the field of nanotechnologies has been developed. This complex includes a specialized DC110 cyclotron, which gives high intensity beams of accelerated Ar, Kr, and Xe ions with a fixed energy of 2.5 MeV/nucl. The DC110 cyclotron is in assembling stage now. Cyclotrons U400 and U400M, which are used basically for scientific researches, also are completed with the specialized channels and installations for applied researches. Since 2010 the heavy ion beam lines for SEE testing are used at the U400M and U400 cyclotrons. Ions of O, Ne, Ar, Fe, Kr, Xe, Bi with 3-6 MeV/nucl are available to users.

Slides FRXCH04 [5.051 MB]

FRACH03

The CC1-3 Cyclotron System

vacuum, ion, controls, power-supply

191

V.G. Mudrolyubov, A.V. Galchuck, Yu.N. Gavrish, S.V. Grigorenko, V.I. Grigoriev, L.E. Korolev, M.T. Kozienko, A.N. Kuzhlev, V.I. Ponomarenko, V.D. Shiltsev, Yu.I. Stogov, A.P. Strokach, S.S. Tsygankov, I.N. Vasilchenko
NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia
P. Beličev, A. Dobrosavljević, N. Nešković, V. Vujović
VINCA, Belgrade, Serbia

A СС1-3 cyclotron system has been designed to be installed in the Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia. This system will be operated in the laboratory of nuclear-physical methods of the elemental analysis. The system includes a compact cyclotron and a system for beam shaping with specified energy characteristics. The cyclotron ensures the acceleration of negative hydrogen ions up to energy in the range from 1 to 3 MeV and a beam of protons is extracted by stripping on a thin carbon foil. The beam-shaping system ensures the beam of protons with a spectrum width not more than 0.1%. The main unit of the beam-shaping system is a magnetic analyzer with a bending angle of 270 deg. To date, the equipment of the cyclotron system has been manufactured and tests have been carried out on test facilities in the D.V. Efremov Institute. Installation will be performed in 2012.

Slides FRACH03 [0.684 MB]

FRACH04

Acceleration Technique Developed at JINR for Hadron Therapy

ion, electron, extraction, proton

194

E. Syresin
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

The JINR activities are aimed on the construction of accelerators for proton and carbon ion therapy. JINR-IBA have developed and constructed the proton cyclotron C235-V3. The cyclotron will be delivered in the first Russian hospital center of the proton therapy in Dimitrovgrad in 2012. The project of the medical carbon synchrotron was developed in JINR. The project goal is accumulation of the superconducting Nuclotron technology at construction of the carbon synchrotron. Accelerated 12C ion beams are effectively used for cancer treatment. The PET is the most effective way of tumor diagnostics. The intensive radioactive 11C ion beam could allow both these advantages to be combined. JINR-NIRS collaboration develops formation of a primary radioactive ion beam at intensity on the tumor target of 10⁸ pps for the scanning radiation. A superconducting cyclotron C400 has been designed by the IBA-JINR collaboration. This cyclotron will be used for radiotherapy with proton, helium and carbon ions. Its construction was started in 2010 within the framework of the Archarde project (France). The interaction between delta electrons and DNA molecules is one of the important processes in the hadron therapy. The formation of low energy electrons and DNA ions are presented for the KEK electrostatic storage ring with the electron target developed by JINR-NIRS collaboration.

Slides FRACH04 [2.934 MB]

FRACH05

Prospects for Introduction of Home-Made Equipment for Radionuclide Diagnostics

diagnostics, HOM, photon, positron

197

A.P. Strokach, O.G. Filatov, A.V. Stepanov, M.F. Vorogushin
NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia

Radionuclide diagnostics that allows most diseases to be diagnosed at an early stage has recently been in the focus of attention. The current concept of radionuclide diagnostics advancement takes into account Russian geographic and demographic features and supports the application of the home-made equipment. As a basis, the concept assumes the establishment of regional diagnostic centers at hospitals in each Russian Federal district. In each such a center, a cyclotron of the CC-18/9 model, modules for radiopharmaceuticals' synthesis, single-photon emission (SPECT) and positron (PET) scanners should be installed. The yield of radiopharmaceuticals' production will satisfy the needs of such a center and of up to 30-35 SPECT-"satellites" located in diagnostic departments at hospitals situated up to 1000 km from the center. In future, on the basis of these diagnostic departments, autonomous PET-centers can be established, each equipped with СС-12 cyclotrons, modules for radiopharmaceuticals' synthesis and with 3-4 PET scanners. Implementation of the Federal Targeted Program on the serial production of cyclotrons and SPECT-scanners will allow the examination of population to be increased within 5-6 years up to 1.0-1.2 million people per year.

FRYOR01

Recent Development in ECR Ion Sources at FLNR JINR

ion, ion-source, injection, extraction

203

S.L. Bogomolov, V.B. Bekhterev, A.A. Efremov, B. Gikal, G.G. Gulbekyan, Yu.K. Kostyukhov, N. Lebedev, V.N. Loginov, Yu. Yazvitsky
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

In the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions (JINR) the development of ion sources based on the plasma electrons heating at the frequency of electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) is stimulated by the necessity of the accelerator complex (U-400, U-400M and CI-100 cyclotrons) upgrading as well as by creation of the new high current cyclotrons for basic and applied research. Six ECR ion sources have been operated in the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions (JINR) supplying various ion species for the U400 and U400M cyclotrons correspondingly for experiments on the synthesis of heavy and exotic nuclei using ion beams of stable and radioactive isotopes, for solid state physics experiments and polymer membrane fabrication. In this paper the new development concerned with modernization of ECR4M ion source, development of the new superconducting ion source DECRIS-SC2 and creation of the DECRIS-5 ion source for the DC-110 cyclotron complex will be presented.

Slides FRYOR01 [5.754 MB]

FRBCH01

Development of the IBA-JINR Cyclotron C235-V3 for Dimitrovgrad Hospital Center of the Proton Therapy

proton, extraction, beam-losses, focusing

221

S.A. Kostromin, S. Gurskiy, G.A. Karamysheva, M.Y. Kazarinov, S.A. Korovkin, S.P. Mokrenko, N.A. Morozov, A.G. Olshevsky, V.M. Romanov, E. Samsonov, N.G. Shakun, G. Shirkov, S.G. Shirkov, E. Syresin
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
P. Cahay, Y. Jongen, Y. Paradis
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

The Dimitrovgrad project, the first Russian hospital center of the proton therapy, was approved in 2010. The JINR-IBA collaboration developed and constructed the C235-V3 proton cyclotron for this center. The assembly and the beam tests of the machine were done in 2011-2012 in special experimental hall in JINR. This cyclotron is a substantially modified version C235-V3 of the IBA C235 serial cyclotron. C235-V3 has the improved extraction system which was constructed and tested. This system allows raise the extraction efficiency up to 77% from 50% in comparison with serial C235. Special mapping system (for Br-component) of the magnetic field was developed and constructed by JINR for the shimming of the Br-field in the middle plane of the cyclotron. Tests with accelerated and extracted beam were performed in August 2012 in JINR. Beam vertical motion in the cyclotron is in the acceptable limits (ΔZbeam≤3 mm). Transmission from r=300mm to 10³⁰ is 72% without beam cutting diaphragms. This allows reduce irradiation dose of the machine elements in comparison with serial C235. Extraction efficiency is 62%. Total efficiency of the machine is 45%. Recommendations are formulated to modify the magnetic system and reduce sensitivity of the machine to the magnetic field imperfections. Most of changes concerned with the increasing of the vertical focusing at the final radii.

Slides FRBCH01 [6.282 MB]

FRBCH06

Project of the Radioisotope Facility RIC-80 (Radioactive Isotopes at Cyclotrone C-80) in PNPI

target, ion, proton, diagnostics

236

V.N. Panteleev, A.E. Barzakh, L.Kh. Batist, D.V. Fedorov, A.M. Filatova, K.A. Mezilev, P.L. Molkanov, F.V. Moroz, Yu.M. Volkov
PNPI, Gatchina, Leningrad District, Russia

It is well known presently that radionuclides produced with cyclotrons have very good nuclear-physical characteristics for use in medicine and a set of these nuclides is much wider than produced with the reactors. At PNPI a high current cyclotron C-80 with the energy of extracted proton beam of 40-80 MeV and the current up to 200 mkA is under construction. It is planned to start its operation at the end of 2012. One of the main goals of C-80 is production of a wide spectrum of medical radio- nuclides for diagnostics and therapy. At present time a project is worked out for the construction of radioisotope complex RIC-80 (Radio Isotopes at the cyclotron C-80) at the beam of C-80. In the presented submission the project of RIC-80 complex is discussed, which includes four target stations for the production of a wide set of radionuclides for medicine. The peculiarity of the proposed radioisotope facility is the use of the mass-separator with the target-ion source device as one of the target stations for on-line, or semi on-line production of a high purity separated radioisotopes. The possibility of production of different medical radionuclides, including relatively short-lived ones, is discussed as well.

Slides FRBCH06 [1.101 MB]

TUPPB008

SNOP – Beam Dynamics Analysis Code for Compact Cyclotrons

simulation, space-charge, extraction, acceleration

325

V.L. Smirnov
JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
S.B. Vorozhtsov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

The program complex intended for particle dynamic simulations in a compact cyclotron from an injection line to the extraction system is described. The main features of the program SNOP are usage of 3D electric and magnetic field maps, beam space charge effect calculation and analysis of the beam losses on structure elements of the facility under consideration. An optimal usage of the modern computer capabilities and graphic libraries for visualization is a key issue in the program development. The beam dynamic modeling results for various cyclotrons are presented.

TUPPB014

Cooling of Electron Beams

electron, synchrotron, radiation, storage-ring

342

V.M. Khoruzhiy
NSC/KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine

Cooling of electron beams (transversal velocities reducing) in storage rings (cyclic accelerators) may be realized using gyromonotron device as part of storage ring at straight-line portion. The gyromonotron is a HF oscillator for cm and mm band of wavelength in which electron beam with nonzero transversal velocities is used for excitation electromagnetic wave. Energy of transversal motion of electron beam converts into energy of electromagnetic wave during multiple passing the same bunches with repetition frequency f0 through gyromonotron. We choose frequency f0 (and corresponding wavelength AL) as minimal frequency (H111 mode) for gyromonotron's resonator. As well known, frequency f0 of H111 mode gives possibility to determine radius of the resonator R~AL/(2*1.71). We assumed above that resonator's length L/(2*R)>1. It is possible for gyromonotron's solenoid to determine longitudinal magnetic field Hz(kOE)=11/AL(cm) for low relativistic beam's energy. For gyromonotron's operation at given frequency it's needed realization of condition for relativistic cyclotron frequency Om_rel/(2*3.14)~ f0. Emitted beam radiation dissipates inside gyromonotron’s resonator (output window is absent). Q-quality gyromonotron’s resonator and pitch factor PF of electron beam have to satisfy condition Q* PF>1 (for "warm" or superconducting (SC) resonators).

WEPPC015

Highly Accurate 3D Modeling of the C-80 Isochronous Cyclotron Magnetic Structure

ion, extraction, H-minus, simulation

475

S.A. Artamonov, A.N. Chernov, E.M. Ivanov, G.A. Riabov
PNPI, Gatchina, Leningrad District, Russia

The very complicated magnetic structure with extremely high spiral angle and set of 17 correction shim types in each of 8 sectors is used in the H-minus ion isochronous cyclotron C-80. The 3D code MERMAID was applied to optimize geometry of the sectors and shims in the hill and value region. A precision finite-element model allows take into account the iron non-linear effects and the detailed magnet geometry. MERMAID makes use about 20.5 millions nodes and provides magnetic field calculation accuracy in 10^-20 Gs. The integral magnetic field parameters (isochronism, transversal motion frequency, H-minus ion electromagnetic dissociation) have been optimized by using the trajectory analyses. Program provides the significant reduction the time and efforts for the determination the necessary shims set in comparison with trial-and-error method.

WEPPC016

Update of Classical Cyclotron U-150 Magnetic System. Simulation and Experiment

simulation, vacuum, ECR, proton

478

N.S. Azaryan, Yu.G. Alenitsky, A. Chesnov, O. Lepkina, E. Samsonov, I.M. Sedych, V.L. Smirnov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
I.R. Gulamov, Z.V. Shukurov, R.A. Umerov, Ya.M. Uzakov
Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, The Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Classical cyclotron U-150 located in the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, was developed more than 50 years ago in Efremov’s institute for acceleration various particles (p, d, He). For magnetic field re-tuning the current coils are used. Nowadays U-150 is used to accelerate only protons to energy of 15-22 MeV for producing isotopes for medical or industrial applications. In order to save the electrical energy and operating simplification it is proposed to create a decreasing average magnetic field in cyclotron only by means of ferromagnetic parts. To create a negative gradient of the magnetic field steel parts are made and installed in the magnet. Analysis of measurement results showed the possibility of production of the required isotopes in updated U-150 with power economy of about 15%. Experimental irradiation of the target showed that the created field gradient did not provide an achievement of the required proton energy at radius of 64-65 cm. To achieve required energy one correction coil is kept in operation and measured magnetic field showed a satisfactory result. For estimation of possibility of creating the required magnetic field gradient without correction by coils the simulation of the cyclotron magnetic system were done and the results of calculations and its analysis are presented in this paper.

WEPPC055

High Efficiency [F18]Fluoride Target System for Efremov Institute CC-18/9 Cyclotron

target, proton, ion, niobium

554

D. Sysoev
RRCRST, Pesochniy, Russia

Radionuclide fluoride-18 is produced by 18O(p,n)18F nuclear reaction in irradiating H2[18O] enriched water. The former fluoride-18 target system to this cyclotron, supplied by the cyclotron producer, The Efremov Institute, possesses insufficient productivity, not greater than 1 Ci of fluorine during 2 hour irradiation and also it doesn't allow achieving high radiochemical yields in producing radiopharmaceuticals due to contamination of irradiated water with metallic impurities from target body. To provide the radiopharmaceutical department of Russian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies with required amount of fluoride-18 radionuclide, the new target system has been designed and tested. This target system allows obtaining 5 Ci of fluoride-18 at beam current of 50 mkA during 2 hour irradiation and ensures minimum amount of metal contaminations and, hence, higher radiochemical yield (up to 90% decay corrected, F18-FDG).

WEPPD041

Acceleration of Low Charge Krypton Ions in the CYTRACK Cyclotron

ion, acceleration, injection, extraction

632

G.A. Karamysheva, Yu.N. Denisov, O. Karamyshev
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

The basic results of numeric simulations of Krypton ion motion with decreased charge in cyclotron CYTRACK are presented. Cyclotron CYTRACK is the first world industrial cyclotron dedicated to produce the track membranes. Computer modeling confirms the possibility of ion acceleration in the formed magnetic field with increase of the magnetic field level by 1.6% on the 6 harmonic of the accelerating system. Beam energy will be sufficient for exposure of the film with thickness 10 um.