LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
The many applications of accelerators are presented, with pictures and comments, upon the machines and the results obtained with them. Attention is then given to possible future applications, along with comments as to what is requited for these applications. Finally, some remarks are made as to what might be the future development of accelerators. In short, the presentation should serve as an introduction to the Conference itself where there shall be many – wonderfully detailed - contributions to all of this.
JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
Advances in many scientific and technical fields depend on availability of instruments, which can probe the structure of materials or molecules on unprecedented levels of spatial or temporal resolution. Many of such instruments are based on accelerators of charged particles, with particular examples of synchrotron radiation light sources and coherent X-ray Free Electron Lasers. The high cost of such facilities, however, preclude wide spread of such instruments. Modern accelerator science witnesses emergence of a new direction – compact x-ray sources are coming to the scene, enabled by the synergy of accelerators and lasers, where high gradient laser-plasma acceleration can significantly reduce the size and cost of the facilities. Compact x-ray sources will be developed in the nearest future and will share their scientific and market niche with large national scale x-ray facilities. The compact sources will in particular be suitable for placement in universities and medical or technological centres. The compact x-ray light sources are being developed by many centres in UK. Development of compact x-ray FEL is a promising topic for scientific and technological collaboration between UK and Russia, where expertise of partners will cross-fertilize their ability to solve scientific and technological challenges.
DELTA, Dortmund, Germany
Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
MPI-K, Heidelberg, Germany
TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China
Kyoto University, Institute for Advanced Energy, Kyoto, Japan
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
HU/AdSM, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
JAEA/TARRI, Gunma-ken, Japan
With the use of S-LSR, an ion storage and cooler ring at ICR, Kyoto University, approach to attain the low temperature beam has been continued in these several years. Based on the realization of one dimensional ordered state of 7 MeV proton beam by an electron cooling*, effort to reach lower temperature by laser cooling with much stronger cooling force, has been continued for 40 keV Mg ion beam. With the use of synchro-betatron resonance coupling(SBRC), longitudinal cooling effect can be well expected to be transferred to the transverse directions** and we have experimentally demonstrated of such effect***. The transverse cooling efficiency is, however, not so good deteriorated by intra-beam scattering (IBS) effect for the beam intensities higher than 107. Although the reduction of the beam intensity keeping enough S/N ratio for observation of the beam, is not so easy, we are now challenging "controlled scraping", which controls the horizontal scraper position according to the extent of the indirect horizontal laser cooling by SBRC. In the present paper, our research stream from electron cooling to multi-dimensional laser cooling is surveyed at first and then challenge toward the crystalline beam is to be presented.
*: T. Shirai et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol.98 (2007)204801.
**:H. Okamoto, A.M. Sessler and D. Möhl, Phys. Rev. Lett. Vol.72 (1994) 3977.
***: M. Nakao et al., to be submitted to Phys. Rev. ST-AB.
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
SLAC is a home of the first hard x-ray free electron laser - the Linac Coherent Light Source, or LCLS, based on Self-Amplified Stimulated Emission (SASE) principle. Being a user facility, LCLS, as well as some other installations at SLAC, are, at the same time, test beds of research aimed to improving fundamental characteristics of free electron lasers. In this presentation I will review results of some of these studies. They include studies of the FEL seeding based on the Echo-Enabled Harmonic Generation (EEGH) carried out at the NLCTA facility at SLAC, hard x-ray self seeding at LCLS, noise suppression experiments, and research aimed to achieve terawatt-scale power in FELs. A brief review of the plans for LCLS upgrade will be given.
ITEP, Moscow, Russia
The plasma lens can carry out sharp focusing of ion beam with considerable reduction sizes of focal spot. At those stages of the plasma discharge at which the magnetic field is nonlinear, formation of other interesting configurations of beams is possible. The report presents the results of studies transformation the Gaussian beam into hollow one and into beam with homogeneous spatial distribution. The discharge current distributions obtained by numerical calculation ensure the experimental beam transformations. Thus possibility of the research of the plasma discharge dynamics by means of relativistic ions beams is shown. The plasma lens represents the universal device for scientific and technical applications in particular for irradiation of medical objects.
MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
* T. Tajima, J.M. Dowson. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1979, v. 43, 4, 267.
** S.V. Bulanovet al. Physics of Plasmas, 2008, 15, 073111.
*** E.Esarey et al. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1997, 79, 2682.
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
Uni HH, Hamburg, Germany
Short and highly intense laser pulses focused into a gas target, ionise the gas and may excite large amplitude plasma waves that support extreme electric fields (>10 GV/m) for acceleration of charged particles. The REGAE facility at DESY, which provides 2-5 MeV of ~10 fs bunches, offers the unique possibility to study the external injection of pre-accelerated electron bunches from a conventional accelerator, and their subsequent acceleration in plasma wakefields. Simulations were performed with the particle-in-cell code OSIRIS, showing a wide variety of effects which can be explored in the future at REGAE. External controlled injection allows to study effects which require precise information about the beam quality, position and momentum at the initial point of injection. Topics of a particular interest are: bunch emittance growth suppression, controlled betatron motion, and longitudinal bunch compression.
ICT SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
ICM&MG SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
UMD, College Park, Maryland, USA
INFLPR, Bucharest - Magurele, Romania
Siemens LLC, Moscow, Russia
LPI, Moscow, Russia
MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, USA
A coherent source based on a electron gun is considered to deliver high instantaneous power comparable to that available from just a few other non-FEL and most FEL sources at mm-submillimeter wavelengths. A DC or RF E-gun is integrated with a robust, compact, efficient, dismountable radiator inside the vacuum envelope. Wakefield radiator is driven by a low-energy photoinjector operated in a custom mode combining strong over-focusing, robust slow-wave structure, and pulse sub-ps photoinjectior employing on-cathode beam modulation with conventional optical multiplexing. Single pulse mode operation is enhanced with filed compression effect at high group velocity. The performance is analyzed analytically and numerically supported by experimental data on beam overfocusing. Radiation outcoupling is analyzed as well.