RUPAC2012 - List of Keywords (cathode)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
FRXCH05	Irradiation Facilities and Complexes of INRP RFNC-VNIIEF	electron, radiation, neutron, target	176
	N.V. Zavyalov, V.F. Basmanov, A.A. Devyatkin, V.S. Gordeev, S.A. Gornostay-Polsky, A.V. Grishin, A.V. Grunin, V.F. Kolesov, G.A. Myskov, S.T. Nazarenko, V.T. Punin, V.A. Savchenko, A.V. Telnov, S. Vorintsov VNIIEF, Sarov (Nizhnii Gorod), Russia
	The given review presents installations produced and applied at the Nuclear Radiation Research Institute (NRRI) of RFNC – VNIIEF to simulate under laboratory conditions the effects of nuclear explosion and space ionizing radiation on the special-purpose installations. Available is a brief description of the installation itself and characteristics of different-type electron accelerators and two irradiation complexes PUL'SAR and LIU-10M-GIR2 created on the base of high-current linear induction electron accelerators and pulsed nuclear reactors. There are considered electron accelerators GAMMA and BETA-8 that are being created at present.

FRBOR01	Progress in the Negative Ion Sources Development	ion, plasma, ion-source, brightness	213
	V.G. Dudnikov Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA
	Modern trends and recent progress in development of negative ion sources will be considered and analyzed. Surface Plasma Sources (SPS) rely on cesium-enhanced plasma surface reactions to produce negative ions are main sources delivering the negative ion beam for charge exchange injection in accelerators and fusion devices. After development of the SPS with cesiation the negative ion beam intensity has increased up to ~10⁴ times, from a record 3 mA to more than 40 A. Since the original conception of SPS with cesiation, many modifications and improvements have been made such that they constitute a mature and reliable technology today. The world-wide effort on the development and use of SPS with cesiation has increased to more than a thousand highly qualified scientists, engineers, technicians, workers, and administrators. The cost scale of advanced SPS has increased from ~ k to ~ M. SPS with cesiation have become "sources of life" and "working horses" for big installations such as SNS, LANSCE, BNL, FNAL, ISIS, KEK, JT 60 (Japanese tokamak), and the LHD (Large Helicon Device). Large development projects include the SPS for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). The development and fabrication of injectors with cesiated SPS has become a billion dollar scale industry.
	Slides FRBOR01 [8.083 MB]

FRBOR03	Non-gated Field Emission Array as Low-Energy Electron Source: Experiment and Simulation	vacuum, high-voltage, electron, simulation	218
	K.A. Nikiforov, L.I. Antonova, N.V. Egorov, V.V. Trofimov St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
	A non-gated NbN on Si wafer field emission arrays are studied. The I-V measurements and emission characteristics of edge-shaped cathodes in atmosphere low-voltage regime are considered. Mathematical and computer models are presented. The current density obtained from experiment was up to 384 Ampere per square centimeter in emission area 9 sq.mm. Low-voltage regime (20 V) for near (~ 1mkm) interelectrode distance in diode configuration is discussed.

MOPPA022	Status of INR DTL RF System	cavity, DTL, linac, vacuum	293
	A.I. Kvasha, A. Feschenko, V.L. Serov RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia
	INR Linac is in regular operation since 1993. The accelerator incorporates DTL and DAW structures operating at 198.2 MHz and 991 MHz correspondingly. Initially two types of high power vacuum tubes specially designed for INR linac (GI-54A for final amplifier and GI-51A for intermediate amplifier) were used in DTL RF power system. However production of these tubes has been terminated resulting in a need of DTL RF system upgrade. The main goal of the recent upgrade is replacement of the old tubes by modern ones. The difficulty of replacement arises due to a need to minimize mechanical changes of the existing equipment. Another goal is improving of operational reliability. The reliability depends on vacuum tube reliability and to a large extent - on crowbar operation. The results and the experience of INR DTL RF system upgrade are presented

MOPPA023	Investigation of INR DTL RF System Operation at 100 Hz Repetition Rate	DTL, cavity, linac, controls	296
	V.L. Serov, A.N. Drugakov, A. Feschenko, A.I. Kvasha, A.N. Naboka RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia
	INR Linac has been operating with 50 Hz beam repetition rate so far. Increasing the repetition rate up to 100 Hz is of importance as it results in doubling of the beam intensity. To solve the task several accelerator systems must be modernized but the most critical one is the DTL rf system (up to 100 MeV). The problems related to the DTL rf system repetition rate increasing are described. One of them is a 50 Hz modulation of a 100 Hz rf pulse sequence. Though the instabilities of accelerating field due to the modulation are reduced by the feedback systems, nevertheless exploration of the effect and its minimizing is of importance. The analysis of the effect is given and the results of experimental studies are presented.

TUPPB034	Low Energy Cooler for NICA Booster	electron, gun, ion, booster	391
	A.V. Bubley, M.I. Bryzgunov, V.M. Panasyuk, V.V. Parkhomchuk, V.B. Reva BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Low energy cooler for NICA project is being currently designed at BINP in collaboration with JINR. From the point of view of its features it is similar to previous low energy coolers manufactured at BINP, i.e. equipped with variable electron beam, electrostatic bending, high precision solenoid etc. The article describes some technical solutions applied to the cooler design.

TUPPB043	Program Complex for Vacuum Nanoelectronics Finite Element Simulations	electron, simulation, vacuum, gun	409
	K.A. Nikiforov, N.V. Egorov St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
	The program complex in MATLAB intended for vacuum nanoelectronics simulations is described. Physical and mathematical models, computational methods and algorithms of program complex are presented. Electrostatic simulation of electron transport processes is discussed under electron massless approximation; current function method and Matlab PDE Toolbox finite element solutions are used. Developed program complex is able to simulate diode and triode structures with complicated submicron geometry, current-voltage characteristics, calculate electric field distribution, estimate electric line interaction. The modelling results by the example of two different triode structures are presented. Matlab stand-alone application with graphical user interface for demonstration purposes is presented.

TUPPB044	The Knife-Edged Field Emitter Mathematical Modeling	vacuum, space-charge, controls, background	412
	E.M. Vinogradova, M.G. Fomenko Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
	Numerous nano-scale electronic devices are based on the field emitters such as carbon nanotubes. The field emitters are extensively applied in the various domains of an instrument engineering. In the present work the problem of a field emission cathode as the knife-edged field emitter mathematical modeling is solved. The supposed shapes of the emission diode system with the field emitter are the lune's type (as a cathode) and the infinitely thin spherical segment (as an anode). The effect of the space charge is neglected. The boundary - value problem for the Laplace equation in the toroidal coordinate system is presented. To solve the electrostatic problem the variable separation method is used. The potential distribution is represented as the series with respect to Legendre functions. The boundary conditions and the normal derivative continuity conditions lead to the linear algebraic equations system relative to the series coefficients. In this way the distribution of the potentials for the whole region of the considered electro-optical systems was obtained.

TUPPB045	The Field Cathodes with the Effect of Space Charge Modeling	space-charge, electron, vacuum, brightness	415
	M.A. Makarova, E.M. Vinogradova Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
	This work is devoted to the question of the effect of space charge on the field electron emission. The electrostatic potential distributions for the diode emission systems are calculated. The diode systems, which can be readily constructed, is generally used for the characterization of field emission properties of novel materials. They have some effective applications in vacuum nano- and microelectronics. In this work the plane diode emission system and cylindrical diode emission system are investigated. The solutions of Poisson's equation for the electrostatic potential distribution are received for the boundary-value problems. The right side of Poisson's equation is assumed to be the piecewise constant function. The charge conservation law and the energy conservation law are used. One and two dimensional cases are investigated.

TUPPB047	The Triode-type System on the Basis of the Field Emitter Modeling	electron, controls, vacuum, ion-source	418
	D.S. Televnyi St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia E.M. Vinogradova Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
	The mathematical model of a cylindrical triode-type system on the basis of the field emitter is under consideration. The internal area of the system is filled of two different dielectrics. Effect of space charge is not considered. The field emitter is modeled by a charged filament of finite length, which located on the system's axis. The modulator has a form of a circular diaphragm. The Poisson equation with the given values of potentials at the electrodes is solved. The variable separation method is used to determine distribution of electrostatic potential. An unknown function of the charge density is approximated by a piecewise constant linear function. The problem of finding unknown coefficients in the potential eigenfunction expansion is reduced to the linear algebraic equations system. Numerical calculations emitter's forms are represented.

TUPPB048	The Multi-Tip Field Emission Cathode Mathematical Modeling	lattice, electron, vacuum, space-charge	421
	N.V. Egorov, E.M. Vinogradova Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
	The multi-tip field cathode as the field emission cathode arrays for rectangular lattice is considered. The field emission cathodes are of interest for vacuum nano-scale electronic devices. The electrostatic potential distribution is presented for the periodic system of free-number thin tips on a plane substrate as a field emission cathode and a plane substrate as an anode. The tips shape may be various. The potential of the substrate and cathode is equal the zero, the anode's potential is equal a constant. The effect of space charge is neglected. The each tip is represented as a system of the point charges. The point charges are determined to the zero equipotential coincides with the cathode's shape. The potential distribution is found for whole region of the field emission cathode arrays. The exact three-dimensional solution to the Laplace/Poisson equation has been obtained in the Cartesian coordinate system. This solution has direct applications in three-dimensional calculations of electron trajectories in micron- and submicron-sized field-emitter arrays.

TUPPB050	The System of Power Supplies, Control and Modulation of Electron Gun for Free Electron Laser	controls, electron, FEL, free-electron-laser	427
	V.K. Ovchar, V.R. Kozak, E.A. Kuper, V.R. Mamkin, V.V. Repkov, S.S. Serednyakov, S.V. Tararyshkin, D.A. Zverev BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	The system of power supplies, control and modulation based on triode cathode-grid unit was designed for producing of pulsed electron beam for free electron laser FEL The main part of the system located inside the tank filled with SF6 gas and has -300 kV potential. It's supplied through the isolated transformer and controlled through the fiber optic link with CAN interface. The GaN RF transistor in the output stage of modulator composed of hybrid assembly on the BeO ceramic plate. Pulsed output voltage of modulator can be regulated 0-120 V on the load 25 Ohm. Time duration is <1 ns. Repetition rate is 0-90 MHz. Start of modulator from timer performed through the 1GHz fiber optic link. The control code was written on C++ language under Windows operating system using QT framework.

TUPPB052	A ps-Pulsed E-gun Advanced to a T-wave Source of MW-level Peak Power	laser, electron, FEL, radiation	430
	A.V. Smirnov RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, USA
	Funding: Department of Energy A coherent source based on a electron gun is considered to deliver high instantaneous power comparable to that available from just a few other non-FEL and most FEL sources at mm-submillimeter wavelengths. A DC or RF E-gun is integrated with a robust, compact, efficient, dismountable radiator inside the vacuum envelope. Wakefield radiator is driven by a low-energy photoinjector operated in a custom mode combining strong over-focusing, robust slow-wave structure, and pulse sub-ps photoinjectior employing on-cathode beam modulation with conventional optical multiplexing. Single pulse mode operation is enhanced with filed compression effect at high group velocity. The performance is analyzed analytically and numerically supported by experimental data on beam overfocusing. Radiation outcoupling is analyzed as well.

WEPPC053	The IDK-6/9MeV Linear Electron Accelerator and its Application in the Customs Inspection System	controls, electron, interlocks, radiation	549
	V.P. Malyshev, B.O. Bolshakov, P.O. Klinovskiy, K.V. Kotenko, A.V. Sidorov, V. Smekalkin NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia
	A linear electron accelerator IDK-6/9МeV has been designed for operation as a source of ionizing radiation in a customs inspection system intended for inspection of large-scale cargos. The main operating mode of the accelerator is the X-ray mode with an energy of 6 MeV, which ensures the penetrability (for steel) more than 300 mm. The operating mode of the accelerator can be quickly changed for 9 Mev, which allows the objects under study to be discriminated based on the organics/non-organics criterion using the "two energies" method. A triode electron source with cathode and grid modulators is applied in the accelerator. A system of collimators located at the output of the accelerating device ensures shaping of an X-ray beam fan-shaped in the vertical plane with an opening angle of 460 directed towards the detector line. The accelerator is equipped with a computerized system of protective interlocks and control, which makes possible its operation both in the setting mode and as a component of the whole customs inspection system.

WEPPD033	The System for Control of an Electron Beam Welding Machines	controls, power-supply, high-voltage, gun	620
	V.V. Repkov, E.A. Kuper, A.Yu. Protopopov, A.A. Zharikov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	The report examines the main problems that had to be overcome in developing the system for control of an electron beam welding machines. The electronics of the system is under potential of the accelerating voltage (60 kV), therefore it required solving the problem of power transmission and control signals. The volume of the device had to be minimized as the place to put the electronics was limited. The electronics must be resistant to high voltage breakdowns as when breakdowns there may be a voltage pulse of 60 kV with energy to 20 J in any of the cathode electrode unit. The power, necessary for the heater, can reach 250 W. To solve this task the stabilized power supply with an adustment range of 0-125 A (2.5 V) current was developed. The power needed for this power supply operating is transmitted via a special high frequency (25 kHz) transformer. The isolation voltage between the primary and secondary windings of the transformer is 100 kV. To control the current of the beam (welding current), a linear amplifier, which generates the voltage on the control grid in the range 0–4 kV, was developed. The amplifier bandwidth is 1 kHz. To control the current beam, current intensity, and to control the parameters of the gun, a specialized controller was developed. The connection of the controller with a computer is carried out with the help of optical links.

WEPPD039	Development of the New Control Systems for JINR e^- Linac Accelerator Test-Bench	controls, radiation, gun, electron	626
	M.A. Nozdrin, N. Balalykin, V. Minashkin, V.Y. Schegolev, G. Shirkov, G.V. Trubnikov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	Linear accelerator test-bench in the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research is based on the part of the accelerator complex which was transferred to the possession of JINR by the National Institute for Subatomic Physics (NIKHEF, Amsterdam). Analysis of the transferred accelerator equipment has shown that full re-engineering is required for its control systems; all other systems are in good condition and have considerable endurance. Results of development and creation of the Electron Gun Control System (EGCS), Video and Analog Signals Control System (VASCS) and Automatic System of Radiation Safety Control (ASRSC) are presented. These systems allowed achieving a commissioning of the first accelerator section of the bench with current of 3 mA in 1 us pulse and at beam energy of 23-25 MeV.

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

FRXCH05

Irradiation Facilities and Complexes of INRP RFNC-VNIIEF

electron, radiation, neutron, target

176

N.V. Zavyalov, V.F. Basmanov, A.A. Devyatkin, V.S. Gordeev, S.A. Gornostay-Polsky, A.V. Grishin, A.V. Grunin, V.F. Kolesov, G.A. Myskov, S.T. Nazarenko, V.T. Punin, V.A. Savchenko, A.V. Telnov, S. Vorintsov
VNIIEF, Sarov (Nizhnii Gorod), Russia

The given review presents installations produced and applied at the Nuclear Radiation Research Institute (NRRI) of RFNC – VNIIEF to simulate under laboratory conditions the effects of nuclear explosion and space ionizing radiation on the special-purpose installations. Available is a brief description of the installation itself and characteristics of different-type electron accelerators and two irradiation complexes PUL'SAR and LIU-10M-GIR2 created on the base of high-current linear induction electron accelerators and pulsed nuclear reactors. There are considered electron accelerators GAMMA and BETA-8 that are being created at present.

FRBOR01

Progress in the Negative Ion Sources Development

ion, plasma, ion-source, brightness

213

V.G. Dudnikov
Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA

Modern trends and recent progress in development of negative ion sources will be considered and analyzed. Surface Plasma Sources (SPS) rely on cesium-enhanced plasma surface reactions to produce negative ions are main sources delivering the negative ion beam for charge exchange injection in accelerators and fusion devices. After development of the SPS with cesiation the negative ion beam intensity has increased up to ~10⁴ times, from a record 3 mA to more than 40 A. Since the original conception of SPS with cesiation, many modifications and improvements have been made such that they constitute a mature and reliable technology today. The world-wide effort on the development and use of SPS with cesiation has increased to more than a thousand highly qualified scientists, engineers, technicians, workers, and administrators. The cost scale of advanced SPS has increased from ~ k to ~ M. SPS with cesiation have become "sources of life" and "working horses" for big installations such as SNS, LANSCE, BNL, FNAL, ISIS, KEK, JT 60 (Japanese tokamak), and the LHD (Large Helicon Device). Large development projects include the SPS for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). The development and fabrication of injectors with cesiated SPS has become a billion dollar scale industry.

Slides FRBOR01 [8.083 MB]

FRBOR03

Non-gated Field Emission Array as Low-Energy Electron Source: Experiment and Simulation

vacuum, high-voltage, electron, simulation

218

K.A. Nikiforov, L.I. Antonova, N.V. Egorov, V.V. Trofimov
St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

A non-gated NbN on Si wafer field emission arrays are studied. The I-V measurements and emission characteristics of edge-shaped cathodes in atmosphere low-voltage regime are considered. Mathematical and computer models are presented. The current density obtained from experiment was up to 384 Ampere per square centimeter in emission area 9 sq.mm. Low-voltage regime (20 V) for near (~ 1mkm) interelectrode distance in diode configuration is discussed.

MOPPA022

Status of INR DTL RF System

cavity, DTL, linac, vacuum

293

A.I. Kvasha, A. Feschenko, V.L. Serov
RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia

INR Linac is in regular operation since 1993. The accelerator incorporates DTL and DAW structures operating at 198.2 MHz and 991 MHz correspondingly. Initially two types of high power vacuum tubes specially designed for INR linac (GI-54A for final amplifier and GI-51A for intermediate amplifier) were used in DTL RF power system. However production of these tubes has been terminated resulting in a need of DTL RF system upgrade. The main goal of the recent upgrade is replacement of the old tubes by modern ones. The difficulty of replacement arises due to a need to minimize mechanical changes of the existing equipment. Another goal is improving of operational reliability. The reliability depends on vacuum tube reliability and to a large extent - on crowbar operation. The results and the experience of INR DTL RF system upgrade are presented

MOPPA023

Investigation of INR DTL RF System Operation at 100 Hz Repetition Rate

DTL, cavity, linac, controls

296

V.L. Serov, A.N. Drugakov, A. Feschenko, A.I. Kvasha, A.N. Naboka
RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia

INR Linac has been operating with 50 Hz beam repetition rate so far. Increasing the repetition rate up to 100 Hz is of importance as it results in doubling of the beam intensity. To solve the task several accelerator systems must be modernized but the most critical one is the DTL rf system (up to 100 MeV). The problems related to the DTL rf system repetition rate increasing are described. One of them is a 50 Hz modulation of a 100 Hz rf pulse sequence. Though the instabilities of accelerating field due to the modulation are reduced by the feedback systems, nevertheless exploration of the effect and its minimizing is of importance. The analysis of the effect is given and the results of experimental studies are presented.

TUPPB034

Low Energy Cooler for NICA Booster

electron, gun, ion, booster

391

A.V. Bubley, M.I. Bryzgunov, V.M. Panasyuk, V.V. Parkhomchuk, V.B. Reva
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

Low energy cooler for NICA project is being currently designed at BINP in collaboration with JINR. From the point of view of its features it is similar to previous low energy coolers manufactured at BINP, i.e. equipped with variable electron beam, electrostatic bending, high precision solenoid etc. The article describes some technical solutions applied to the cooler design.

TUPPB043

Program Complex for Vacuum Nanoelectronics Finite Element Simulations

electron, simulation, vacuum, gun

409

K.A. Nikiforov, N.V. Egorov
St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

The program complex in MATLAB intended for vacuum nanoelectronics simulations is described. Physical and mathematical models, computational methods and algorithms of program complex are presented. Electrostatic simulation of electron transport processes is discussed under electron massless approximation; current function method and Matlab PDE Toolbox finite element solutions are used. Developed program complex is able to simulate diode and triode structures with complicated submicron geometry, current-voltage characteristics, calculate electric field distribution, estimate electric line interaction. The modelling results by the example of two different triode structures are presented. Matlab stand-alone application with graphical user interface for demonstration purposes is presented.

TUPPB044

The Knife-Edged Field Emitter Mathematical Modeling

vacuum, space-charge, controls, background

412

E.M. Vinogradova, M.G. Fomenko
Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

Numerous nano-scale electronic devices are based on the field emitters such as carbon nanotubes. The field emitters are extensively applied in the various domains of an instrument engineering. In the present work the problem of a field emission cathode as the knife-edged field emitter mathematical modeling is solved. The supposed shapes of the emission diode system with the field emitter are the lune's type (as a cathode) and the infinitely thin spherical segment (as an anode). The effect of the space charge is neglected. The boundary - value problem for the Laplace equation in the toroidal coordinate system is presented. To solve the electrostatic problem the variable separation method is used. The potential distribution is represented as the series with respect to Legendre functions. The boundary conditions and the normal derivative continuity conditions lead to the linear algebraic equations system relative to the series coefficients. In this way the distribution of the potentials for the whole region of the considered electro-optical systems was obtained.

TUPPB045

The Field Cathodes with the Effect of Space Charge Modeling

space-charge, electron, vacuum, brightness

415

M.A. Makarova, E.M. Vinogradova
Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

This work is devoted to the question of the effect of space charge on the field electron emission. The electrostatic potential distributions for the diode emission systems are calculated. The diode systems, which can be readily constructed, is generally used for the characterization of field emission properties of novel materials. They have some effective applications in vacuum nano- and microelectronics. In this work the plane diode emission system and cylindrical diode emission system are investigated. The solutions of Poisson's equation for the electrostatic potential distribution are received for the boundary-value problems. The right side of Poisson's equation is assumed to be the piecewise constant function. The charge conservation law and the energy conservation law are used. One and two dimensional cases are investigated.

TUPPB047

The Triode-type System on the Basis of the Field Emitter Modeling

electron, controls, vacuum, ion-source

418

D.S. Televnyi
St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
E.M. Vinogradova
Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

The mathematical model of a cylindrical triode-type system on the basis of the field emitter is under consideration. The internal area of the system is filled of two different dielectrics. Effect of space charge is not considered. The field emitter is modeled by a charged filament of finite length, which located on the system's axis. The modulator has a form of a circular diaphragm. The Poisson equation with the given values of potentials at the electrodes is solved. The variable separation method is used to determine distribution of electrostatic potential. An unknown function of the charge density is approximated by a piecewise constant linear function. The problem of finding unknown coefficients in the potential eigenfunction expansion is reduced to the linear algebraic equations system. Numerical calculations emitter's forms are represented.

TUPPB048

The Multi-Tip Field Emission Cathode Mathematical Modeling

lattice, electron, vacuum, space-charge

421

N.V. Egorov, E.M. Vinogradova
Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

The multi-tip field cathode as the field emission cathode arrays for rectangular lattice is considered. The field emission cathodes are of interest for vacuum nano-scale electronic devices. The electrostatic potential distribution is presented for the periodic system of free-number thin tips on a plane substrate as a field emission cathode and a plane substrate as an anode. The tips shape may be various. The potential of the substrate and cathode is equal the zero, the anode's potential is equal a constant. The effect of space charge is neglected. The each tip is represented as a system of the point charges. The point charges are determined to the zero equipotential coincides with the cathode's shape. The potential distribution is found for whole region of the field emission cathode arrays. The exact three-dimensional solution to the Laplace/Poisson equation has been obtained in the Cartesian coordinate system. This solution has direct applications in three-dimensional calculations of electron trajectories in micron- and submicron-sized field-emitter arrays.

TUPPB050

The System of Power Supplies, Control and Modulation of Electron Gun for Free Electron Laser

controls, electron, FEL, free-electron-laser

427

V.K. Ovchar, V.R. Kozak, E.A. Kuper, V.R. Mamkin, V.V. Repkov, S.S. Serednyakov, S.V. Tararyshkin, D.A. Zverev
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

The system of power supplies, control and modulation based on triode cathode-grid unit was designed for producing of pulsed electron beam for free electron laser FEL The main part of the system located inside the tank filled with SF6 gas and has -300 kV potential. It's supplied through the isolated transformer and controlled through the fiber optic link with CAN interface. The GaN RF transistor in the output stage of modulator composed of hybrid assembly on the BeO ceramic plate. Pulsed output voltage of modulator can be regulated 0-120 V on the load 25 Ohm. Time duration is <1 ns. Repetition rate is 0-90 MHz. Start of modulator from timer performed through the 1GHz fiber optic link. The control code was written on C++ language under Windows operating system using QT framework.

TUPPB052

A ps-Pulsed E-gun Advanced to a T-wave Source of MW-level Peak Power

laser, electron, FEL, radiation

430

A.V. Smirnov
RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, USA

Funding: Department of Energy
A coherent source based on a electron gun is considered to deliver high instantaneous power comparable to that available from just a few other non-FEL and most FEL sources at mm-submillimeter wavelengths. A DC or RF E-gun is integrated with a robust, compact, efficient, dismountable radiator inside the vacuum envelope. Wakefield radiator is driven by a low-energy photoinjector operated in a custom mode combining strong over-focusing, robust slow-wave structure, and pulse sub-ps photoinjectior employing on-cathode beam modulation with conventional optical multiplexing. Single pulse mode operation is enhanced with filed compression effect at high group velocity. The performance is analyzed analytically and numerically supported by experimental data on beam overfocusing. Radiation outcoupling is analyzed as well.

WEPPC053

The IDK-6/9MeV Linear Electron Accelerator and its Application in the Customs Inspection System

controls, electron, interlocks, radiation

549

V.P. Malyshev, B.O. Bolshakov, P.O. Klinovskiy, K.V. Kotenko, A.V. Sidorov, V. Smekalkin
NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia

A linear electron accelerator IDK-6/9МeV has been designed for operation as a source of ionizing radiation in a customs inspection system intended for inspection of large-scale cargos. The main operating mode of the accelerator is the X-ray mode with an energy of 6 MeV, which ensures the penetrability (for steel) more than 300 mm. The operating mode of the accelerator can be quickly changed for 9 Mev, which allows the objects under study to be discriminated based on the organics/non-organics criterion using the "two energies" method. A triode electron source with cathode and grid modulators is applied in the accelerator. A system of collimators located at the output of the accelerating device ensures shaping of an X-ray beam fan-shaped in the vertical plane with an opening angle of 460 directed towards the detector line. The accelerator is equipped with a computerized system of protective interlocks and control, which makes possible its operation both in the setting mode and as a component of the whole customs inspection system.

WEPPD033

The System for Control of an Electron Beam Welding Machines

controls, power-supply, high-voltage, gun

620

V.V. Repkov, E.A. Kuper, A.Yu. Protopopov, A.A. Zharikov
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

The report examines the main problems that had to be overcome in developing the system for control of an electron beam welding machines. The electronics of the system is under potential of the accelerating voltage (60 kV), therefore it required solving the problem of power transmission and control signals. The volume of the device had to be minimized as the place to put the electronics was limited. The electronics must be resistant to high voltage breakdowns as when breakdowns there may be a voltage pulse of 60 kV with energy to 20 J in any of the cathode electrode unit. The power, necessary for the heater, can reach 250 W. To solve this task the stabilized power supply with an adustment range of 0-125 A (2.5 V) current was developed. The power needed for this power supply operating is transmitted via a special high frequency (25 kHz) transformer. The isolation voltage between the primary and secondary windings of the transformer is 100 kV. To control the current of the beam (welding current), a linear amplifier, which generates the voltage on the control grid in the range 0–4 kV, was developed. The amplifier bandwidth is 1 kHz. To control the current beam, current intensity, and to control the parameters of the gun, a specialized controller was developed. The connection of the controller with a computer is carried out with the help of optical links.

WEPPD039

Development of the New Control Systems for JINR e^- Linac Accelerator Test-Bench

controls, radiation, gun, electron

626

M.A. Nozdrin, N. Balalykin, V. Minashkin, V.Y. Schegolev, G. Shirkov, G.V. Trubnikov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

Linear accelerator test-bench in the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research is based on the part of the accelerator complex which was transferred to the possession of JINR by the National Institute for Subatomic Physics (NIKHEF, Amsterdam). Analysis of the transferred accelerator equipment has shown that full re-engineering is required for its control systems; all other systems are in good condition and have considerable endurance. Results of development and creation of the Electron Gun Control System (EGCS), Video and Analog Signals Control System (VASCS) and Automatic System of Radiation Safety Control (ASRSC) are presented. These systems allowed achieving a commissioning of the first accelerator section of the bench with current of 3 mA in 1 us pulse and at beam energy of 23-25 MeV.