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linear-collider

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MPPT025 Field Quality and Magnetic Center Stability Achieved in a Variable Permanent Magnet Quadrupole for the ILC quadrupole, permanent-magnet, multipole, alignment 1913
 
  • Y. Iwashita, T. Mihara
    Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto
  • M. Kumada
    NIRS, Chiba-shi
  • C.M. Spencer
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  Funding: Work supported in part by Department of Energy contract DE–AC03–76SF00515 and by the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japan, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) 14204023.

The precise tolerances on the last two quadrupoles before the interaction point of the proposed, superconducting e+e- collider (ILC) have not been determined yet. These quads will be aligned with a beam-based alignment (BBA) process during which their integrated strengths will be decreased by 20%. Their magnetic centers must move by less than a few microns during the BBA else a systematic error will be introduced, yielding an increase in the beam spot size. These strong quads must be small to fit in the tight space. A compact, variable, superstrong permanent magnet quad (PMQ) has been fabricated and tested. The PMQ has inner and outer rings of NEOMAX; the outer ring is subdivided along its length and each section can rotate. By rotating different lengths one can vary the integrated strength in small steps. Because of the fixed inner ring and tight mechanical tolerances, the sensitivities of the magnetic center and pole angles to the rotation of the outer rings are largely suppressed. Measurements of the PMQ will be presented, plus how observed small center and angle shifts were further reduced by adjustments to the stopping angles of the rotating rings and by shimming these rings.

 
 
MPPT029 Performance of an Adjustable Strength Permanent Magnet Quadrupole quadrupole, permanent-magnet, collider, alignment 2071
 
  • S.C. Gottschalk, T.E. DeHart, K.W. Kangas
    STI, Washington
  • C.M. Spencer
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  • J.T. Volk
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
  Funding: Department of Energy Grant DE-FG03-01ER83305.

An adjustable strength permanent magnet quadrupole suitable for use in Next Linear Collider has been built and tested. The pole length is 42cm, aperture diameter 13mm, peak pole tip strength 1.03Tesla and peak integrated gradient * length (GL) is 68.7 Tesla. This paper describes measurements of strength, magnetic centerline and field quality made using an air bearing rotating coil system. The magnetic centerline stability during -20% strength adjustment proposed for beam based alignment was < 0.2 microns. Strength hysteresis was negligible. Thermal expansion of quadrupole and measurement parts caused a repeatable and easily compensated change in the vertical magnetic centerline. Calibration procedures as well as centerline measurements made over a wider tuning range of 100% to 20% in strength useful for a wide range of applications will be described. The impact of eddy currents in the steel poles on the magnetic field during strength adjustments will be reported.

 
 
MPPT033 Development of a Superconducting Helical Undulator for a Polarised Positron Source undulator, positron, electron, collider 2295
 
  • Y. Ivanyushenkov, F.S. Carr
    CCLRC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  • D.P. Barber
    DESY, Hamburg
  • E. Baynham, T.W. Bradshaw, J. Rochford
    CCLRC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  • J.A. Clarke, O.B. Malyshev, D.J. Scott, B.J.A. Shepherd
    CCLRC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
  • P. Cooke, J.B. Dainton, T. Greenshaw
    Liverpool University, Science Faculty, Liverpool
  • G.A. Moortgat-Pick
    Durham University, Durham
  A method of producing a polarised positron beam from e+e- pair production in a target by circularly polarised ?-radiation is being investigated. Polarised photons are to be generated by the passage of a high energy electron beam (250 GeV as anticipated in the International Linear Collider - ILC) through a helical undulator. For production of 20 MeV photons, an undulator with a period of 14 mm, a bore of approximately 4 mm and magnetic field on axis of 0.75 T is required. First prototypes have been constructed using both superconducting and permanent magnet technologies which are capable of producing the necessary magnetic field configuration in the undulator. This paper details the design, construction techniques and field measurement results of the first superconducting prototype and compares the results with simulation.  
 
MPPT034 Field Modelling for the CESR-c Superconducting Wiggler Magnets wiggler, damping, quadrupole, emittance 2336
 
  • J.A. Crittenden, A.A. Mikhailichenko, A. Temnykh
    Cornell University, Department of Physics, Ithaca, New York
  • E.N. Smith, K.W. Smolenski
    Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
  Funding: National Science Foundation.

Superconducting wiggler magnets for operation of the CESR electron-storage ring at energies as low as 1.5 \gev have been designed, built and installed in the years 2000 to 2004. Finite-element models of field quality have been developed, various sources of field errors investigated and compared to field measurements. Minimization algorithms providing accurate analytic representations of the wiggler fields have been established. We present quantitative descriptions of field modelling, of measured field quality and of the accuracy achieved in the analytic functions of the field.

 
 
TPAE012 Rectangular Diamond-Lined Accelerator Structure acceleration, impedance, vacuum, quadrupole 1282
 
  • C. Wang, V.P. Yakovlev
    Omega-P, Inc., New Haven, Connecticut
  • J.L. Hirshfield
    Yale University, Physics Department, New Haven, CT
  Funding: Work supported by U.S. DOE.

For high frequency accelerators with normal-conducting structures studied by the NLC/GLC collaboration and the CLIC group, rf breakdown is the main gradient limitation. In this paper, a Ka-band rectangular dielectric-lined structure is described as an attempt to increase accelerating gradient beyond the limits suitable for metallic structures. The structure is based on amorphous dielectrics that are known to exhibit high breakdown limits (~ GV/m). An example is artificial diamond that has already been successfully used on an industrial basis for large-diameter output windows of high power gyrotrons, and is produced industrially in increasing quantities. Artificial diamond has low loss tangent, moderate dielectric constant and high breakdown limit of ~2 GV/m. In the proposed structure diamond-slabs are employed to support high-gradient acceleration fields. Interposition of vacuum gaps between the dielectric slabs and the side walls is shown to reduce Ohmic losses substantially, leading to an increase in shunt impedance and reduced susceptibility to rf breakdown and fatigue on metal surfaces.

 
 
TPPE038 Thermal Hydraulic Design of PWT Accelerating Structures electron, feedback, simulation, collider 2524
 
  • D. Yu, A. Baxter, P. Chen, M. Lundquist, Y. Luo
    DULY Research Inc., Rancho Palos Verdes, California
  Funding: Work supported by DOE SBIR Grant No. DE-FG02-03ER83846.

Microwave power losses on the surfaces of accelerating structures will transform to heat which will deform the structures if it is not removed in time. Thermal hydraulic design of the disk and cooling rods of a Plane Wave Transformer (PWT) structure is presented. Experiments to measure the hydraulic (pressure vs flow rate) and cooling (heat removed vs flow rate) properties of the PWT disk are performed, and results compared with simulations using Mathcad models and the COSMOSM code. Both experimental and simulation results showed that the heat deposited on the structure could be removed effectively using specially designed water-cooling circuits and the temperature of the structure could be controlled within the range required.

 
 
TPPT009 High Gradient Study at KEK on X-Band Accelerator Structure for Linear Collider collider, linac, cathode, vacuum 1162
 
  • T. Higo, M. Akemoto, A. Enomoto, S. Fukuda, H. Hayano, N.K. Kudo, S.M. Matsumoto, T. Saeki, N. Terunuma, N. Toge, K.W. Watanabe
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • T.S. Suehara
    University of Tokyo, Tokyo
  We have fabricated accelerator structures for linear collider of the warm X-band design. These were composed of high-precision-machined parts for reliable wake-field suppression and possible cheap mass production. The structure design is mostly based on GLC/NLC design in collaboration with SLAC but the fabrication and the high-power test are being performed at KEK to conclude the feasibility, though the application to the present linear collider project was terminated. In this paper are presented the high gradient performance of these structures, such as the initial conditioning characteristics, the stability under high-field operation and various characteristics at high-gradient operation. We conclude that the stability requirement for the linear collider of the warm X-band design is barely satisfied but the preservation of the stability over very long period of more than several years is to be further studied.  
 
TPPT044 Beam Position Monitoring Using the HOM-Signals from a Damped and Detuned Accelerating Structure linac, collider, alignment, dipole 2804
 
  • S. Doebert, C. Adolphsen, R.M. Jones, J.R. Lewandowski, Z. Li, M.T.F. Pivi, J.W. Wang
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  • T. Higo
    KEK, Ibaraki
  Funding: Work Supported by DOE Contract DE-AC02-76F00515.

The Next Linear Collider (NLC) and Global Linear Collider (GLC) designs require precision beam-to-accelerator-structure alignment to reduce the effect of short range wakefields. For this purpose, the HOM signals from the structure dipole mode damping ports would be used to determine the beam position in the structure, and then the structures would be moved remotely to center them about the beam (a 5 micron rms alignment is required). In 2000, a test of a 1.8 m prototype structure in the ASSET facility at SLAC achieved 11 micron rms centering accuracy, which was limited by systematic effects caused by beam jitter. This year, such measurements were repeated for a pair of shorter structures (60 cm) that were developed to improve high gradient performance. In addition, the beam position resolution was determined by measuring simultaneously three signal frequencies (14.3, 15, 15.7 GHz) corresponding to modes localized at the beginning, the middle and the end of the structures. In this paper, we present results from the beam centering and position resolution measurements.

 
 
TPPT056 Design of a Low Loss SRF Cavity for the ILC damping, dipole, linac, collider 3342
 
  • J.S. Sekutowicz
    DESY, Hamburg
  • L. Ge, K. Ko, L. Lee, Z. Li, C.-K. Ng, G.L. Schussman, L. Xiao
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  • I.G. Gonin, T.K. Khabiboulline, N. Solyak
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
  • P. Kneisel
    Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
  • Y. Morozumi, K. Saito
    KEK, Ibaraki
  An international team comprising DESY, KEK, JLAB, FNAL and SLAC is collaborating on the design, fabrication and test of a low loss, 1.3 GHz 9-cell SRF structure as a potential improvement for the ILC main linac. The advantages of this structure over the TTF structure include lower cryogenic loss, shorter rise time, and less stored energy. Among the issues to be addressed in this design are HOM damping, Lorentz force detuning and multipacting. We will report on HOM damping calculations using the parallel finite element eigenmode solver Omega3P and the progress made towards an optimized design. Studies on multipacting and estimates of the Lorentz force detuning will also be presented.  
 
TPPT059 Improvement of the Blade Tuner Design for Superconducting RF Cavities linac, collider, superconducting-RF, proton 3456
 
  • C. Pagani, A. Bosotti, P. Michelato, N. Panzeri, P. Pierini
    INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI)
  Funding: This work is partially supported by the European Community-Research Infrastructure Activity under the FP6 "Structuring the European Research Area" programme (CARE, contract number RII3-CT-2003-506395).

As of today, no complete technological solution exists for a cold tuning system fulfilling the requirements envisaged for the International Linear Collider, based on the superconducting RF technology. We present here the design improvements for the blade tuner, a coaxial device, which can provide both the slow structure tuning and the fast tuning capabilities needed for Lorentz Force Detuning (LFD) compensation and microphonics stabilitization (by means of the integration with a piezoelectric system). The system has been originally built by INFN and installed and tested at DESY on the superstructures, since it is located around the cavity helium vessel and does not require longitudinal clearance. Its design here is parametrically reviewed in terms of the requirements for higher accelerating fields and of the mechanical integration with a piezoelectric based system for the LFD and microphonics compensation.

 
 
TPPT068 Optimized Shape of Cavity Cells for Apertures Smaller than in TESLA Geometry acceleration, coupling, collider, superconductivity 3748
 
  • V.D. Shemelin
    Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
  The accelerating rate (Eacc) of TESLA cavities can be increased for the same iris aperture if 1) some increase of Epk/Eacc is permitted so that the value of Hpk/Eacc can be lowered in comparison with the original cells (Epk and Hpk are maximal surface electric and magnetic fields); 2) shape of the cells is described by two elliptic arcs; 3) the reentrant cells obtained as a result of consecutive optimization with this geometry are treated as a possible version of cells in spite of some complications for fabrication. Not only the value of Hpk/Eacc can be improved but also values of cell-to-cell coupling and the geometry constants R/Q and G grow with the transition to the reentrant shapes. And these are not all benefits of this shape. The increased coupling prompts that the aperture of the original cell is big enough to be decreased without loss of field flatness in comparison with the original design. This decrease will lead to further increase of the Eacc for the same Hpk also as to improvement of others important parameters. Here, results of calculations for the original and for smaller apertures are presented and proposals for a better choice of TESLA cavity cells are derived.

Cornell University

 
 
TOPE002 Advances in Normal Conducting Accelerator Technology from the X-Band Linear Collider Program collider, linac, klystron, gun 204
 
  • C. Adolphsen
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  In the early 1990's, groups at SLAC and KEK began dedicated development of X-band (11.4 GHz) rf technology for a next generation, TeV-scale linear collider. The choice of a relatively high frequency, four times that of the SLAC 50 GeV Linac, was motivated by the cost benefits of having lower rf energy per pulse (hence fewer rf components) and reasonable efficiencies at high gradients (hence shorter linacs). However, to realize such savings requires operation at gradients and peak powers much higher than that hitherto achieved. During the past 15 years, these challenges were met through innovations on several fronts, and resulted in a viable rf system design for a linear collider. This paper reviews these achievements, which include developments in the generation and transport of high power rf, and new insights into high gradient limitations.  
 
WOAA001 The International Linear Collider (ILC) Organization and Plans collider, linac, damping, positron 94
 
  • M. Tigner
    Cornell University, Laboratory for Elementary-Particle Physics, Ithaca, New York
  A discussion of the current organization and Central Team functions will be given. A plan for evolution of the organization towards governance by the funding agencies will be presented. The work plan for the first year will be described and today’s ideas of a possible timeline laid out.  
 
WOAA005 Progress and Plans for R&D and the Conceptual Design of the ILC High Gradient Structures micro-particles, superconductivity, electron, collider 461
 
  • H. Padamsee
    Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
  Gradients and Q’s in the dominant ILC candidate structure have shown steady improvement, reaching 35–40 MV/m in the last year by using the best techniques of electropolishing, high pressure rinsing and 120 C baking for 48 hours. Progress and plans for t his structure will be reviewed. Above 40 MV/m, the surface magnetic field encroaches the rf critical magnetic field, believed to fall between 1750 and 2000 Oe, depending on the theory. One way to circumvent the limit is to modify the cavity shape to reduc e the ratio of peak magnetic to accelerating field. Two candidate shapes are evolving, the Re-entrant shape and the Low-Loss shape. Although field emission is aggravated by higher electric fields, it does not present a brick wall limit because high pressu re rinsing at 100 bar eliminates microparticles which cause field emission. Fundamental and higher mode properties of these new shapes will be compared with the dominant ILC candidate. Results of single and multicell cavities will be presented. The record field in a single cell re-entrant cavity is now 46 MV/m corresponding to a surface magnetic field of 1750 Oe and a surface electric field of 101 MV/m.N  
 
WPAT026 Status of 34 GHZ, 45 MW Pulsed Magnicon gun, electron, cathode, collider 1922
 
  • O.A. Nezhevenko, V.P. Yakovlev
    Omega-P, Inc., New Haven, Connecticut
  • J.L. Hirshfield, M.A. LaPointe
    Yale University, Physics Department, New Haven, CT
  • E.V. Kozyrev
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
  • S.V. Shchelkunov
    Columbia University, New York
  Funding: Research supported by the Department of Energy, Division of High Energy Physics.

A high efficiency, high power magnicon at 34.272 GHz has been designed and built as a microwave source to develop RF technology for a future multi-TeV electron-positron linear collider. To develop this technology, this new RF source is being perfected for necessary tests of accelerating structures, RF pulse compressors, RF components, and to determine limits of breakdown and metal fatigue. After preliminary RF conditioning the magnicon produced an output power of 10.5 MW in 0.25 microsecond pulses, with a gain of 54 dB. The new results of the experimental tests after the tube conditioning was resumed are presented in the paper.

 
 
WPAT028 High Power Ferrolelectric Switches at Centimeter and Millimeter Wavelengths resonance, coupling, extraction, vacuum 2056
 
  • V.P. Yakovlev, O.A. Nezhevenko
    Omega-P, Inc., New Haven, Connecticut
  • J.L. Hirshfield
    Yale University, Physics Department, New Haven, CT
  Funding: Research supported by the Department of Energy, Division of High Energy Physics.

High-power ultra-fast, electrically-controlled switches based on ferroelectric elements for accelerator applications in the centimeter and millimeter wavelength ranges are discussed. Examples of fast switches and phase shifters for pulse compression and power distribution systems at X– and Ka- band are presented. It is shown that such proposed switch designs based on modern ferroelectric materials allow the generation of pulsed power of hundreds of MW’s in both the centimeter and millimeter wave ranges.

 
 
WPAT044 Realization of an X-Band RF System for LCLS klystron, linac, vacuum, collective-effects 2801
 
  • P.A. McIntosh, R. Akre, J. Brooks, P. Emma, E. Rago
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  Funding: Work supported by Department of Energy contract DE-AC03-76SF00515.

A single X-band (11.424 GHz) accelerating structure is to be incorporated in the LCLS Linac design to linearize the energy-time correlation (or gradient) across each bunch, features which originate in the preceding accelerating structures (L0 and L1). This harmonic RF system will operate near the negative RF crest to decelerate the beam, reducing these non-linear components of the correlation, providing a more efficient compression in the downstream bunch compressor chicanes (BC1 and BC2). These non-linear correlation components, if allowed to grow, would lead to Coherent Synchrotron Radiation (CSR) instabilities in the chicanes, effectively destroying the coherence of the photon radiation in the main LCLS undulator. The many years devoted at SLAC in the development of X-band RF components for the NLC/JLC linear collider project, has enabled the technical and financial realization of such an RF system for LCLS. This paper details the requirements for the X-band system and the proposed scheme planned for achieving those requirements.

 
 
WPAT048 Solid State Modulators for the International Linear Collider (ILC) collider, power-supply, target, controls 2998
 
  • M.A. Kempkes, N. Butler, J.A. Casey, M.P.J. Gaudreau, I. Roth
    Diversified Technologies, Inc., Bedford
  Diversified Technologies, Inc. is developing two solid state modulator designs for the ILC under SBIR funding from the DOE. The first design consists of a 150 kV hard switch. The key development in this design is the energy storage system, which must provide 25 kJ per pulse, at very tight voltage regulation over the 1.5 millisecond pulse. DTI’s design uses a quasi-resonant bouncer (with a small auxiliary power supply and switch) to maintain the voltage flattop, eliminating the need for massive capacitor banks. The second design uses a solid state Marx bank, with ~10 kV stages, to drive the ILC klystron. In this design, staggered turn-on of the Marx stages provides voltage regulation without the need for large capacitor banks. This paper will discuss design tradeoffs, power supply and control considerations, and energy storage requirements and alternatives for both designs.  
 
WPAT094 Traveling Wave Accelerating Structure for a Superconducting Accelerator feedback, acceleration, superconductivity, simulation 4296
 
  • A. Kanareykin
    Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio
  • P.A. Avrakhov
    LPI, Moscow
  • N. Solyak
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
  We are presenting a superconducting traveling wave accelerating structure (STWA) concept, which may prove to be of crucial importance to the International Linear Collider. Compared to the existing design of a TESLA cavity, the traveling wave structure can provide ~20-40% higher accelerating gradient for the same aperture and the same peak surface magnetic RF field. The recently achieved SC structure gradient of 35 MV/m can be increased up to ~50 MV/m with the new STWA structure design. The STWA structure is supposed to be installed into the superconducting resonance ring and is fed by the two couplers with appropriate phase advance to excite a traveling wave inside the structure. The system requires two independent tuners to be able to adjust the cavity and feedback waveguide frequencies and hence to reduce the unwanted backward wave. In this presentation we discuss the structure design, optimization of the parameters, tuning requirements and plans for further development.  
 
WPAT095 Low-Loss Ferroelectric for Accelerator Application coupling, vacuum, resonance, collider 4305
 
  • A. Kanareykin
    Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio
  • A. Dedyk, S.F. Karmanenko
    Eltech University, St. Petersburg
  • E. Nenasheva
    Ceramics Ltd., St. Petersburg
  • V.P. Yakovlev
    Omega-P, Inc., New Haven, Connecticut
  Funding: U.S. Department of Energy.

Ferroelectric ceramics have an electric field-dependent dielectric permittivity that can be altered by applying a bias voltage. Ferroelectrics have unique intrinsic properties that makes them attractive for high-energy accelerator applications: very small response time of ~ 10-11 sec, considerably high breakdown limit of more than 100 kV/cm, good vacuum properties. Because of these features, bulk ferroelectrics may be used as active elements of tunable accelerator structures,* or in fast, electrically - controlled switches and phase shifters in pulse compressors or power distribution circuits of future linear colliders.** One of the most critical requirements for ferroelectric ceramic in these applications is the dielectric loss factor. In this paper, the new bulk ferroelectric ceramic is presented. The new composition shows a loss tangent of 4× 10-3 at 35 GHz. The ceramics have high tunability factor: the bias voltage of 50 kV/cm was enough to reduce the permittivity from 500 to 400. The material chemical compound, features of the technology process, and mechanical and electrical properties are discussed. The ways of BST ferrolectric parameters further improvement are discussed as well.

*A. Kanareykin, W. Gai, J. Power, E. Sheinman, and A. Altmark, AIP Conf. Proc. 647, Melville, N.Y., 2002, p. 565. **V.P. Yakovlev, O.A. Nezhevenko, J.L. Hirshfield, and A.D. Kanareykin, AIP Conf. Proc. 691, Melville, N.Y., 2003, p.187.

 
 
ROAC004 High Gradient Performance of NLC/GLC X-Band Accelerating Structures collider, vacuum, linac, target 372
 
  • S. Doebert, C. Adolphsen, G.B. Bowden, D.L. Burke, J. Chan, V.A. Dolgashev, J.C. Frisch, R.K. Jobe, R.M. Jones, R.E. Kirby, J.R. Lewandowski, Z. Li, D.J. McCormick, R.H. Miller, C.D. Nantista, J. Nelson, C. Pearson, M.C. Ross, D.C. Schultz, T.J. Smith, S.G. Tantawi, J.W. Wang
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  • T.T. Arkan, C. Boffo, H. Carter, I.G. Gonin, T.K. Khabiboulline, S.C. Mishra, G. Romanov, N. Solyak
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
  • Y. Funahashi, H. Hayano, N. Higashi, Y. Higashi, T. Higo, H. Kawamata, T. Kume, Y. Morozumi, K. Takata, T. T. Takatomi, N. Toge, K. Ueno, Y. Watanabe
    KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki
  Funding: Work Supported by DOE Contract DE-AC02-76F00515.

During the past five years, there has been an concerted effort at FNAL, KEK and SLAC to develop accelerator structures that meet the high gradient performance requirements for the Next Linear Collider (NLC) and Global Linear Collider (GLC) initiatives. The structure that resulted is a 60-cm-long, traveling-wave design with low group velocity (< 4% c) and a 150 degree phase advance per cell. It has an average iris size that produces an acceptable short-range wakefield in the linacs, and dipole mode damping and detuning that adequately suppresses the long-range wakefield. More than eight such structures have operated over 1000 hours at a 60 Hz pulse rate at the design gradient (65 MV/m) and pulse length (400 ns), and have reached breakdown rate levels below the limit for the linear collider. Moreover, the structures are robust in that the breakdown rates continue to decrease over time, and if the structures are briefly exposed to air, the rates recover to their low values within a few days. This paper presents a final summary of the results from this program, which effectively ended last August with the selection of ‘cold’ technology for a next generation linear collider.

 
 
ROAC007 RF Breakdown in Normal Conducting Single-cell Structures electron, vacuum, simulation, ion 595
 
  • V.A. Dolgashev, C.D. Nantista, S.G. Tantawi
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  • Y. Higashi, T. Higo
    KEK, Ibaraki
  Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy contract DE-AC02-76SF00515.

Operating accelerating gradient in normal conducting accelerating structures is often limited by rf breakdown. The limit depends on multiple parameters, including input rf power, rf circuit, cavity shape and material. Experimental and theoretical study of the effects of these parameters on the breakdown limit in full scale structures is difficult and costly. We use 11.4 GHz single-cell traveling wave and standing wave accelerating structures for experiments and modeling of rf breakdown behavior. These test structures are designed so that the electromagnetic fields in one cell mimic the fields in prototype multicell structures for the X-band linear collider. Fields elsewhere in the test structures are significantly lower than that of the single cell. The setup uses matched mode converters that launch the circular TM01 mode into short test structures. The test structures are connected to the mode launchers with vacuum rf flanges. This setup allows economic testing of different cell geometries, cell materials and preparation techniques with short turn-around time. Simple 2D geometry of the test structures simplifies modeling of the breakdown currents and their thermal effects.

 
 
RPPE061 SRF Accelerator Technology Transfer Experience from the Achievement of the SNS Cryomodule Production Run SNS, superconducting-RF, vacuum, collider 3517
 
  • J. Hogan, T.C. Cannella, E. Daly, M. A. Drury, J.F. Fischer, T. Hiatt, P. Kneisel, J. Mammosser, J.P. Preble, T.E. Whitlatch, K. Wilson, M. Wiseman
    Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
  This paper will discuss the technology transfer aspect of superconducting RF expertise, as it pertains to cryomodule production, beginning with the original design requirements through testing and concluding with product delivery to the end user. The success of future industrialization, of accelerator systems, is dependent upon a focused effort on accelerator technology transfer. Over the past twenty years the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab) has worked with industry to successfully design, manufacture, test and commission more superconducting RF cryomodules than any other entity in the United States. The most recent accomplishment of Jefferson Lab has been the successful production of twenty-four cryomodules designed for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS). Jefferson Lab was chosen, by the United States Department of Energy, to provide the superconducting portion of the SNS linac due to its reputation as a primary resource for SRF expertise. The successful partnering with, and development of, industrial resources to support the fabrication of the superconducting RF cryomodules for SNS by Jefferson Lab will be the focus of this paper.  
 
RPPP002 RF Sources of Super-Conducting Test Facility (STF) at KEK klystron, linac, feedback, proton 796
 
  • S. Fukuda, H. Hayano
    KEK, Ibaraki
  After the ITRP’s technical choice, KEK tried to seek the contribution for the international linear collider and made the plan of super-conducting test facility (STF) in KEK. The STF comprised of phase-I and phase-II; former is the plan for two years from FY2005 and aimed for the quick construction of test facility to evaluate the 4-35MV/m cavity structures and 4-45 MV/m cavity structures with a beam. Phase-II is the next plan of the test facility to extend the several 17m cryomodules. In this paper, general description of the STF is made at first, and rf source plan is shown.  
 
RPPP003 Proposal of the Next Incarnation of Accelerator Test Facility at KEK for the International Linear Collider optics, damping, collider, extraction 874
 
  • H. Hayano, S. Araki, H. Hayano, Y. Higashi, Y. Honda, K.-I. Kanazawa, K. Kubo, T. Kume, M. Kuriki, S. Kuroda, M. Masuzawa, T. Naito, T. Okugi, R. Sugahara, T. Tauchi, N. Terunuma, N. Toge, J.U. Urakawa, V.V. Vogel, H. Yamaoka, K. Yokoya
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • I.V. Agapov, G.A. Blair, G.E. Boorman, J. Carter, C.D. Driouichi, M.T. Price
    Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey
  • D.A.-K. Angal-Kalinin, R. Appleby, J.K. Jones, A. Kalinin
    CCLRC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
  • P. Bambade
    LAL, Orsay
  • K.L.F. Bane, A. Brachmann, T.M. Himel, T.W. Markiewicz, J. Nelson, N. Phinney, M.T.F. Pivi, T.O. Raubenheimer, M.C. Ross, R.E. Ruland, A. Seryi, C.M. Spencer, P. Tenenbaum, M. Woodley
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  • S.T. Boogert, A. Liapine, S. Malton
    UCL, London
  • H.-H. Braun, D. Schulte, F. Zimmermann
    CERN, Geneva
  • P. Burrows, G.B. Christian, S. Molloy, G.R. White
    Queen Mary University of London, London
  • J.Y. Choi, J.Y. Huang, H.-S. Kang, E.-S. Kim, S.H. Kim, I.S. Ko
    PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk
  • S. Danagoulian
    North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina
  • N. Delerue, D.F. Howell, A. Reichold, D. Urner
    OXFORDphysics, Oxford, Oxon
  • J. Gao, W. Liu, G. Pei, J.Q. Wang
    IHEP Beijing, Beijing
  • B.I. Grishanov, P.L. Logachev, F.V. Podgorny, V.I. Telnov
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
  • J.G. Gronberg
    LLNL, Livermore, California
  • Y. Iwashita, T. Mihara
    Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto
  • M. Kumada
    NIRS, Chiba-shi
  • S. Mtingwa
    North Carolina University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
  • O. Napoly, J. Payet
    CEA/DSM/DAPNIA, Gif-sur-Yvette
  • T.S. Sanuki, T.S. Suehara
    University of Tokyo, Tokyo
  • T. Takahashi
    Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima
  • E.T. Torrence
    University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
  • N.J. Walker
    DESY, Hamburg
  The realization of the International Linear Collider (ILC) will require the ability to create and reliably maintain nanometer size beams. The ATF damping ring is the unique facility where ILC emittancies are possible. In this paper we present and evaluate the proposal to create a final focus facility at the ATF which, using compact final focus optics and an ILC-like bunch train, would be capable of achieving 35nm beam size. Such a facility would enable the development of beam diagnostics and tuning methods, as well as the training of young accelerator physicists.  
 
RPPP013 Tests of the FONT3 Linear Collider Intra-Train Beam Feedback System at the ATF feedback, kicker, collider, electron 1359
 
  • P. Burrows, G.B. Christian, C.C. Clarke, A.F. Hartin, H.D. Khah, S. Molloy, G.R. White
    Queen Mary University of London, London
  • J.C. Frisch, T.W. Markiewicz, D.J. McCormick, M.C. Ross, S. Smith, T.J. Smith
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  • A. Kalinin
    CCLRC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
  • C. Perry
    OXFORDphysics, Oxford, Oxon
  We report preliminary results of beam tests of the FONT3 Linear Collider intra-train position feedback system prototype at the Accelerator Test Facility at KEK. The feedback system incorporates a novel beam position monitor (BPM) processor with a latency below 5 nanoseconds, and a kicker driver amplifier with similar low latency. The 56 nanosecond-long bunchtrain in the ATF extraction line was used to test the prototype with delay-loop feedback operation. The achieved latency represents a demonstration of intra-train feedback on timescales relevant even for the CLIC Linear Collider design.  
 
RPPP021 Multivariate Optimization of ILC Parameters linac, luminosity, collider, emittance 1736
 
  • I.V. Bazarov
    Cornell University, Department of Physics, Ithaca, New York
  • H. Padamsee
    Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
  Funding: This work is supported by the NSF.

We present results of multiobjective optimization of the International Linear Collider (ILC) which seeks to maximize luminosity at each given total cost of the linac (capital and operating costs of cryomodules, refrigeration and RF). Evolutionary algorithms allow quick exploration of optimal sets of parameters in a complicated system such as ILC in the presence of realistic constraints as well as investigation of various what-if scenarios in potential performance. Among the parameters we varied there were accelerating gradient and Q of the cavities (in a coupled manner following a realistic Q vs. E curve), the number of particles per bunch, the bunch length, number of bunches in the train, etc. We find an optimum which decreases (relative to TDR baseline) the total linac cost by 22 %, capital cost by 25 % at the same luminosity of 3·1038 1/m2/s. For this optimum the gradient is 35 MV/m, the final spot size is 3.6 nm, and the beam power is 15.9 MW. Dropping the luminosity to 2·1038 1/m2/s results in an additional 8 % reduction in the total linac cost. We have also explored the optimal fronts of luminosity vs. cost for several other scenarios using the same approach.

 
 
RPPP025 CESR-c Wiggler Studies in the Context of the International Linear Collider Damping Rings wiggler, damping, dynamic-aperture, emittance 1880
 
  • J.T. Urban, G. Dugan
    Cornell University, Laboratory for Elementary-Particle Physics, Ithaca, New York
  Funding: Work supported by the NSF.

We present a picture of the International Linear Collider (ILC) damping ring wiggler dynamics using the experience gained from the experimental and simulation-based research studying the wigglers used in the current configuration of the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR). CESR is currently running at 1.8 GeV with 12 superconducting wigglers that have been designed, fabricated, tested, and simulated on-site. We will present results which include frequency map analyses and conventional dynamic aperture studies of CESR-c and the ILC damping rings. We will also provide results from an initial look at physical limitations in the design of the ILC damping ring wigglers.

 
 
RPPP028 Simulation of Wake Field Effects on High Energy Particle Beams collimation, simulation, collider, optics 2018
 
  • R.J. Barlow, G.Yu. Kourevlev, A. Mercer
    UMAN, Manchester
  We discuss the wake fields that are liable to arise in the Beam Delivery System of a Future Linear Collider, and we present studies made using the MERLIN simulation program of the effects such fields would have on the bunch shape and hence the luminosity of the proposed design.  
 
RPPP036 A Test Facility for the International Linear Collider at SLAC End Station A for Prototypes of Beam Delivery and IR Components insertion, synchrotron, collider, wiggler 2461
 
  • M. Woods, R.A. Erickson, J.C. Frisch, C. Hast, R.K. Jobe, L. Keller, T.W. Markiewicz, T.V.M. Maruyama, D.J. McCormick, J. Nelson, N. Phinney, T.O. Raubenheimer, M.C. Ross, A. Seryi, S. Smith, Z. Szalata, P. Tenenbaum, M. Woodley
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  • D.A.-K. Angal-Kalinin, C.D. Beard, F.J. Jackson, A. Kalinin
    CCLRC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
  • R. Arnold
    University of Massachusetts, Amherst
  • D. Bailey
    ,
  • R.J. Barlow, G.Yu. Kourevlev, A. Mercer
    UMAN, Manchester
  • S.T. Boogert, A. Liapine, S. Malton, D.J. Miller, M.W. Wing
    UCL, London
  • P. Burrows, G.B. Christian, C.C. Clarke, A.F. Hartin, S. Molloy, G.R. White
    Queen Mary University of London, London
  • D. Burton, N. Shales, J. Smith, A. Sopczak, R. Tucker
    Microwave Research Group, Lancaster University, Lancaster
  • D. Cussans
    University of Bristol, Bristol
  • C. Densham, J. Greenhalgh
    CCLRC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
  • M.H. Hildreth
    Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, Iowa
  • Y.K. Kolomensky
    UCB, Berkeley, California
  • W.F.O. Müller, T. Weiland
    TEMF, Darmstadt
  • N. Sinev, E.T. Torrence
    University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
  • M.S. Slater, M.T. Thomson, D.R. Ward
    University of Cambridge, Cambridge
  • Y. Sugimoto
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • S.W. Walston
    LLNL, Livermore, California
  • N.K. Watson
    Birmingham University, Birmingham
  • I. Zagorodnov
    DESY, Hamburg
  • F. Zimmermann
    CERN, Geneva
  Funding: U.S. Department of Energy.

The SLAC Linac can deliver damped bunches with ILC parameters for bunch charge and bunch length to End Station A (ESA). A 10Hz beam at 28.5 GeV energy can be delivered to ESA, parasitic with PEP-II operation. During the engineering design phase for the ILC over the next 5 years, we plan to use this facility to prototype and test key components of the Beam Delivery System (BDS) and Interaction Region (IR). We discuss our plans for this ILC Test Facility and preparations for carrying out experiments related to Collimator Wakefields, Materials Damage Tests and Energy Spectrometers. We also plan an IR Mockup of the region within 5 meters of the ILC Interaction Point to investigate effects from backgrounds and beam rf higher-order modes (HOMs).

 
 
RPPP043 Emittance Dilution Due to Many-Band Long-Range Dipole Wakefields in the International Linear Collider Main Linacs emittance, linac, dipole, simulation 2792
 
  • R.M. Jones
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  • N. Baboi
    DESY, Hamburg
  Funding: This work is supported by Department of Energy grant number DE-AC02-76SF00515.

We investigate the emittance dilution that occurs due to long range wakefields in the ILC L-band linacs. The largest kick factors (proportional to the transverse fields which transversely kick the beam off axis) from the first six bands are included in our simulations. These higher order dipole modes are damped by carefully orientating higher order mode couplers at both ends of each cavity. We investigate the dilution in the emittance of a beam with a random misalignment of cavities down the complete linac. In particular, the impact of a poorly damped dipole mode, on the overall emittance dilution down the complete linac is focused upon. The transverse alignment tolerances imposed on the cavities due to these wakefields are also discussed.

 
 
RPPP044 Studies of Room Temperature Accelerator Structures for the ILC Positron Source positron, acceleration, impedance, coupling 2827
 
  • J.W. Wang, C. Adolphsen, V. Bharadwaj, G.B. Bowden, V.A. Dolgashev, R.M. Jones, E.N. Jongewaard, J.R. Lewandowski, Z. Li, R.H. Miller
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  Funding: Work supported by U.S. Department of Energy, contract DE-AC02-76F00515.

There are many challenges in the design of the normal-conducting portion of ILC positron injector system such as achieving adequate cooling with the high rf and particle loss heating, and sustaining high accelerator gradients during millisecond-long pulses in a strong magnetic field. The proposed design for the positron injector contains both standing-wave and traveling-wave L-band accelerator structures for high RF efficiency, low cost and ease of fabrication. This paper presents results from studies of particle energy deposition for both undulator based and conventional positron sources, cooling system design, accelerator structure optimization, RF pulse heating, cavity frequency stabilization, and RF feed system design.

 
 
FPAP017 Luminosity Optimization With Offset, Crossing Angle, and Distortion luminosity, electron, positron, simulation 1541
 
  • J. Wu, T.O. Raubenheimer
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  Funding: Work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-76SF00515.

In a linear collider, sources of beam jitter due to kicker noise, quadrupole vibration and long-range transverse wakefields will lead to beam offsets and tilts at the Intersection Point (IP). In addition, sources of emittance dilution such as short-range transverse wakefields or dispersive errors will lead to internal beam distortions. When the IP disruption parameter is large, these beam imperfections will be amplified by a single bunch kink instability which will lead to luminosity loss. In this paper, we study the luminosity loss and then the optimization required to cancel the luminosity loss first analytically and then with simulation.