NAPAC2016 - List of Keywords (injection)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOPOB28	Progress on the Design of a Perpendicularly Biased 2nd Harmonic Cavity for the Fermilab Booster	ion, cavity, booster, simulation	130
	R.L. Madrak, J.E. Dey, K.L. Duel, J. Kuharik, W. Pellico, J. Reid, G.V. Romanov, M. Slabaugh, D. Sun, C.-Y. Tan, I. Terechkine Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	A perpendicular biased 2nd harmonic cavity is being designed and built for the Fermilab Booster. Its purpose is to flatten the bucket at injection and thus change the longitudinal beam distribution to decrease space charge effects. It can also help with transition crossing. The cavity frequency range is 76 - 10⁶ MHz. It is modeled using CST microwave studio and COMSOL. The power amplifier will use the same tetrode as is used for the fundamental mode cavities in the Fermilab Booster (Y567B). We discuss recent progress on the cavity design, plans for testing the tuner's garnet material, and tests of the power source.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2016-MOPOB28
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MOPOB58	Eddy Current Calculations for a 1.495 GHz Injection-Locked Magnetron	ion, interaction-region, cavity, klystron	198
	S.A. Kahn, A. Dudas, R.P. Johnson, M.L. Neubauer Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA H. Wang JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	An injection-locked amplitude modulated magnetron is being developed as a reliable, efficient RF source that could replace klystrons used in particle accelerators. The magnetron amplitude is modulated using a trim magnetic coil to alter the magnetic field in conjunction with the anode voltage to suppress the emittance growth due to microphonics and changing beam loads. The rate for microphonic noise can have frequencies in the range 10-50 Hz. This is competitive to the inductive decay time of the trim coil. Eddy currents will be induced in the copper anode of the magnetron that will buck the field from the trim coil in the interaction region. This paper will describe the magnetic circuit of the proposed magnetron as well as the calculation and handling of the Eddy currents on the magnetic field.
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TUB1CO03	ALS-U: A Soft X-Ray Diffraction Limited Light Source	ion, emittance, undulator, impedance	263
	C. Steier, A. Anders, J.M. Byrd, K. Chow, S. De Santis, R.M. Duarte, J.-Y. Jung, T.H. Luo, H. Nishimura, T. Oliver, J.R. Osborn, H.A. Padmore, G.C. Pappas, S. Persichelli, D. Robin, F. Sannibale, D. Schlueter, C. Sun, C.A. Swenson, M. Venturini, W.L. Waldron, E.J. Wallén, W. Wan, Y.C. Yang LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	Funding: This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Improvements in brightness and coherent flux of about two orders of magnitude over operational storage ring based light sources are possible using multi bend achromat lattice designs. These improvements can be implemented as upgrades of existing facilities, like the proposed upgrade of the Advanced Light Source (ALS-U). The upgrade proposal will reuse much of the existing infrastructure, thereby reducing cost and time needed to reach full scientific productivity on a large number of beamlines. We will report on the accelerator design progress as well as the details of the ongoing R+D program.
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TUB2IO01	Accelerator Physics Challenges in the Design of Multi Bend Achromat Based Storage Rings	ion, lattice, emittance, storage-ring	278
	M. Borland ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA R.O. Hettel SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA S.C. Leemann MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden D. Robin LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. With the recent success in commissioning of MAX IV, the multi-bend achromat (MBA) lattice has begun to deliver on its promise to usher in a new generation of higher-brightness synchrotron light sources. In this paper, we begin by reviewing the challenges, recent success, and lessons learned of the MAX-IV project. Drawing on these lessons, we then describe the physics challenges in even more ambitious rings and how these can be met. In addition, we touch on engineering issues and choices that are tightly linked with the physics design.
	Slides TUB2IO01 [3.723 MB]
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TUPOA71	Beam Stability During Top Off Operation at NSLS-II Storage Ring	ion, feedback, operation, storage-ring	425
	W.X. Cheng, B. Bacha, Y. Li, O. Singh, Y. Tian BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	NSLS-II storage ring started top off operation since Oct 2015. User operation current has been gradually increased to 250mA. Observations of beam stabilities during top-off operations will be presented. Total beam current was typically maintained within ±0.5% and bunch to bunch current variation was less than 20%. Injection transition during top-off was measured bunch by bunch digitizer, and BPM to analyze the orbit motion at various bandwidths (turn by turn, 10kHz and 10Hz rate). Coupled bunch unstable motions were monitored. As the vacuum pressure improves, fast-ion instability is not as severe compared to early stage of commissioning/operation, but still observed as the dominant instability. Resistive wall instability is noticed as more in-vacuum-undulator (IVU) gaps closed. xBPM measured photon stability and electron beam stability at top off injection have been evaluated. Short term and long term orbit stabilities will be reported.
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TUPOB04	A More Compact Design for the JLEIC Ion Pre-Booster Ring	ion, booster, dipole, linac	483
	B. Mustapha, P.N. Ostroumov ANL, Argonne, USA B. Erdelyi Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
	Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 for ANL The original design of the JLEIC pre-booster was a 3-GeV figure-8 shaped synchrotron with a circumference of about 240 m. In the current baseline design, the 3-GeV pre-booster was converted into an 8-GeV booster of the same shape and size but using super-ferric magnets with fields up to 3 Tesla. In order to limit the foot-print of the JLEIC ion complex and reduce its total cost, we have designed a more compact and cost-effective octagonal 3-GeV ring about half the size of the original one. At 3 GeV, the figure-8 shape is not required to preserve ion polarization; Siberian snakes with reasonable magnetic fields can be used for spin correction. As the ion collider ring requires an injection energy of at least 8 GeV, we propose to use the existing electron storage ring, which is part of the electron complex, as a large booster for the ions up to 11 GeV. The design optimization of the pre-booster ring will be presented leading to the final octagonal ring design. Preliminary beam simulations will also be presented and discussed.
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TUPOB50	Beam-Induced Heating of the Kicker Ceramics Chambers at NSLS-II	ion, kicker, impedance, ECR	599
	A. Blednykh, B. Bacha, G. Bassi, G. Ganetis, C. Hetzel, H.-C. Hseuh, T.V. Shaftan, V.V. Smaluk, G.M. Wang BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: This work was supported by Department of Energy contract DE-AC02-98CH10886. First experience with the beam-induced heating of the ceramics chambers in the NSLS-II storage ring has been discussed. Total five ceramics chambers are considered to be replaced due to overheating concern during of upcoming I_av=500mA operations. The air cooling fans has been installed as a temporarily solution to remove heat.
	Poster TUPOB50 [1.629 MB]
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WEA1CO03	Simulations of Booster Injection Efficiency for the APS-Upgrade	ion, booster, lattice, simulation	647
	J.R. Calvey, M. Borland, K.C. Harkay, R.R. Lindberg, C. Yao ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
	The APS-Upgrade will require the injector chain to provide high single bunch charge for swap-out injection. One possible limiting factor to achieving this is an observed reduction of injection efficiency into the booster synchrotron at high charge. We have simulated booster injection using the particle tracking code elegant, including a model for the booster impedance and beam loading in the RF cavities. The simulations point to two possible causes for reduced efficiency: energy oscillations leading to losses at high dispersion locations, and a vertical beam size blowup caused by ions in the particle accumulator ring. We also show that the efficiency is much higher in an alternate booster lattice with smaller vertical beta function and zero dispersion in the straight sections.
	Slides WEA1CO03 [0.682 MB]
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WEPOA01	Effect of Proton Bunch Parameter Variation on AWAKE	ion, wakefield, plasma, electron	684
	N. Savard University of Victoria, Victoria BC, Canada P. Muggli MPI, Muenchen, Germany J. Vieira IPFN, Lisbon, Portugal
	In AWAKE, long proton bunches propagate through a plasma, generating wakefields through the self-modulation instability (SMI). The phase velocity of these wakefields changes during the first 4 m of propagation and growth of the SMI, after which it stabilizes at the proton bunch velocity. This means that the ideal injection point for electrons to be accelerated is after 4 m into the plasma. Using the PIC code OSIRIS, we study how small changes in the initial proton bunch parameters (such as charge, radial and longitudinal bunch length, etc) to be expected in the experiment affect the phase velocity of the wakefields, primarily by looking at the difference in the phase of the wakefields at the point of injection (along the bunch and along the plasma) when changing these parameters by a small amount (±5%). We also look for the region of optimal acceleration/focusing for electron injection. Ultimately, it is found that small changes in the initial proton bunch parameters are not expected to significantly impact electron injection experiments in the future.
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WEPOA14	Resistive Wall Growth Rate Measurements in the Fermilab Recycler	ion, impedance, cavity, operation	719
	R. Ainsworth, P. Adamson, A.V. Burov, I. Kourbanis Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Impedance could represent a limitation of running high intensity beams in the Fermilab recycler. With high intensity upgrades foreseen, it is important to quantify the impedance. To do this, studies have been performed measuring the growth rate of presumably the resistive wall instability. The growth rates at varying intensities and chromaticities are shown. The measured growth rates are compared to ones calculated with the resistive wall impedance.
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WEPOA46	The Muon Injection Simulation Study for the Muon g-2 Experiment at Fermilab	ion, kicker, storage-ring, simulation	803
	S-C. Kim Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA N.S. Froemming University of Washington, CENPA, Seattle, USA D. L. Rubin Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA D. Stratakis Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. De-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy. The new experiment, under construction at Fermilab, to measure the muon magnetic moment anomaly, aims to reduce measurement uncertainty by a factor of four to 140 ppb. The required statistics depend on efficient production and delivery of the highly polarized muon beams from production target into the g-2 storage ring at the design "magic"-momentum of 3.094 GeV/c, with minimal pion and proton contamination. We have developed the simulation tools for the muon transport based on G4Beamline and BMAD, from the target station, through the pion decay line and delivery ring and into the storage ring, ending with detection of decay positrons. These simulation tools are being used for the optimization of the various beam line guide field parameters related to the muon capture efficiency, and the evaluation of systematic measurement uncertainties. We describe the details of the model and some key findings of the study.
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WEPOB02	Simulation of Swap-Out Reliability for the Advance Photon Source Upgrade	ion, operation, simulation, lattice	881
	M. Borland ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The proposed upgrade of the Advanced Photon Source (APS) to a multibend achromat lattice relies on the use of swap-out injection to accommodate the small dynamic acceptance, allow use of unusual insertion devices, and minimize collective effects at high single-bunch charge. This, combined with the short beam lifetime, will make injector reliability even more important than it is for top-up operation. We used historical data for the APS injector complex to obtain probability distributions for injector up-time and down-time durations. Using these distributions, we simulated several years of swap-out operation for the upgraded lattice for several operating modes. The results indicate that obtaining very high availability of beam in the storage ring will require improvements to injector reliability.
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WEPOB08	Collective Effects at Injection for the APS-U MBA Lattice	ion, feedback, collective-effects, lattice	901
	R.R. Lindberg, M. Borland ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA A. Blednykh BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: U.S. Dept. of Energy Office of Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 The Advanced Photon Source has proposed an upgrade to a multi-bend achromat (MBA) with a proposed timing mode calls for 48 bunches of 15 nC each. In this mode of operation we find that phase space mismatch from the booster can drive large wakefields that in turn may limit the current below that of the nominal collective instability threshold. We show that collective effects at injection lead to emittance growth that makes usual off-axis accumulation very challenging. On-axis injection ameliorates many of these issues, but we find that transverse feedback is still required. We explore the role of impedance, feedback, and phase-space mismatch on transverse instabilities at injection.
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WEPOB10	Simulation Study of the Helical Superconducting Undulator Installation at the Advanced Photon Source	ion, lattice, undulator, sextupole	907
	V. Sajaev, M. Borland, Y.P. Sun, A. Xiao ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. A helical superconducting undulator is planned for installation at the APS. Such an installation would be first of its kind – helical devices were never installed in synchrotron light sources before. Due to its reduced horizontal aperture, a lattice modification is required to accommodate for large horizontal oscillations during injection. We describe the lattice change details and show the new lattice experimental test results. To understand the effect of the undulator on single-particle dynamics, first, its kick maps were computed using different methods. We have found that often-used Elleaume formula* for kick maps gives wrong results for this undulator. We then used the kick maps obtained by other methods to simulate the effect of the undulator on injection and lifetime. *P. Elleaume, EPAC 1992
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WEPOB14	APS-U Lattice Design for Off-Axis Accumulation	ion, lattice, emittance, quadrupole	920
	Y.P. Sun, M. Borland, R.R. Lindberg, V. Sajaev ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
	A 67-pm hybrid-seven-bend achromat (H7BA) lattice is being proposed for a future Advanced Photon Source (APS) multi-bend-achromat (MBA) upgrade project. This lattice design pushes for smaller emittance and requires use of a swap-out (on-axis) injection scheme due to limited dynamic acceptance. Alternate lattice design work has also been performed for the APS upgrade to achieve better beam dynamics performance than the nominal APS MBA lattice, in order to allow off-axis accumulation. Two such alternate H7BA lattice designs, which target a still-low emittance of 90 pm, are discussed in detail in this paper. Although the single-particle-dynamics performance is good, simulations of collective effects indicate that surprising difficulty would be expected accumulating high single-bunch charge in this lattice. The brightness of the 90-pm lattice is also a factor of two lower than the 67-pm H7BA lattice.
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WEPOB22	Beam Loss Simulation and Collimator System Configurations for the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade	ion, simulation, beam-losses, shielding	943
	A. Xiao, M. Borland ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The proposed multi-bend achromat lattice for the Advanced Photon Source upgrade (APS-U) has a design emittance of less than 70 pm. The Touschek loss rate is high: compared with the current APS ring, which has an average beam lifetime ∼ 10 h, the simulated beam lifetime for APS-U is only ~2 h when operated in the high flux mode (I=200 mA in 48 bunches). An additional consequence of the short lifetime is that injection must be more frequent, which provides another potential source of particle loss. In order to provide information for the radiation shielding system evaluation and to avoid particle loss in sensitive locations around the ring (for example, insertion device straight sections), simulations of the detailed beam loss distribution have been performed. Several possible collimation configurations have been simulated and compared.
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WEPOB36	Upgrade of the Cornell Electron Storage Ring as a Synchrotron Light Source	ion, undulator, lattice, emittance	980
	D. L. Rubin, J.A. Crittenden, J.P. Shanks, S. Wang Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
	Funding: NSF-DMR 13-32208 The planned upgrade of the Cornell Electron Storage Ring as an X-ray source for CHESS will include an increase in beam energy and decrease in emittance from 100 nm-rad at 5.3 GeV to 30 nm-rad at 6 GeV, increase in beam current from 120 to 200 mA, continuous top-off injection of the single circulating beam, and four new zero dispersion inser- tion straights that can each accommodate a pair of canted undulators. The existing sextant of the storage ring arc that serves as the source for all of the CHESS X-ray beam lines will be reconfigured with 6 double-bend achromats, each consisting of two pairs of horizontally focusing quadrupoles, and a single pair of combined-function gradient bend magnets. The chromaticity will be compensated by the existing sextupoles in the legacy FODO arcs. We describe details of the linear optics, sextupole distributions to maximize dynamic aperture and injection efficiency, and characterization of magnetic field and alignment error tolerance.
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THPOA41	Simulations of Hole Injection in Diamond Detectors	ion, electron, simulation, detector	1184
	G.I. Bell, D.A. Dimitrov, C.D. Zhou Tech-X, Boulder, Colorado, USA I. Ben-Zvi, M. Gaowei, T. Rao, J. Smedley BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA E.M. Muller SBU, Stony Brook, New York, USA
	Funding: This work is supported by the US DOE Office of Science, department of Basic Energy Sciences, under grant DE-SC0007577. We present simulations of a semiconductor beam detector using the code VSIM. The 3D simulations involve the movement and scattering of electrons and holes in the semiconductor, voltages which may be applied to external contacts, and self-consistent electrostatic fields inside the device. Electrons may experience a Schottky barrier when attempting to move from the semiconductor into a metal contact. The strong field near the contact, due to trapped electrons, can result in hole injection into the semiconductor due to transmission of electrons from the valence band of the semiconductor into the metal contact. Injected holes are transported in the applied field leading to current through the detector. We compare our simulation results with experimental results from a prototype diamond X-ray detector.
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THPOA63	Septum Magnet Design for APS-U	ion, septum, ECR, multipole	1231
	M. Abliz, M. Borland, H. Cease, G. Decker, M.S. Jaski, J.S. Kerby, U. Wienands, A. Xiao ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
	Funding: * Work supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE AC02 06CH11357 The Advanced Photon Source is in the process of developing an upgrade (APS-U) of the storage ring from a double-bend to a multi-bend lattice. A swap-out injection is planned for the APS-U lattice to keep a constant beam current and accommodate small, dynamic aperture. A septum magnet that has a minimum thickness of 2 mm with an injection field of 1.06 T has been designed. The stored beam chamber has an 8 mm x 6 mm super-ellipsoidal aperture. The required total deflecting angle is 89 mrad with a ring energy of 6 GeV. The magnet is straight, but is tilted in yaw, roll, and pitch from the stored beam chamber in order to meet the swap out injection requirements for the APS-U lattice. In order to minimize the leakage field inside the stored beam chamber, four different techniques were utilized in the design. As a result, the horizontal deflecting angle of the stored beam was held to only 5 μrad, and the integrated skew quadrupole inside the stored beam chamber was held to 0.09 T. The detailed techniques that were applied to the design, the field multipoles, and the resulting trajectories of the injected and stored beams are reported.
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THPOA65	Double Triple Bend Achromat for Next Generation 3 GeV Light Sources	ion, lattice, optics, SRF	1237
	A. Alekou, R. Bartolini Oxford University, Physics Department, Oxford, Oxon, United Kingdom A. Alekou, R. Bartolini JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom A. Alekou, R. Bartolini, T. Pulampong, R.P. Walker DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom N. Carmignani, S.M. Liuzzo, P. Raimondi ESRF, Grenoble, France
	The Double Triple Bend Achromat (DTBA) is a newly designed cell for a next generation 3 GeV synchrotron light source. DTBA is inspired by the Double-Double Bend Achromat (DDBA) cell designed for Diamond and originates from a modification of the ESRF HMBA 6 GeV cell, combining in this way the best characteristics of each lattice. The lattice achieves a natural emittance as low as 131 pm, together with a sufficient Dynamic Aperture (DA) for injection and lifetime. Two cells are designed with different end-drift lengths providing two different Long Straight Sections (LSS) for insertion devices, 5 and 7.5 m long, in addition to a new middle-straight section of 3 m. The characteristics of the lattice together with the results on emittance, DA and Touschek lifetime are presented after extensive linear and non-linear optimisations, with and without the presence of errors and corrections.
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FRA2IO01	Development and Application of Online Optimization Algorithms	ion, GUI, coupling, operation	1287
	X. Huang SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	Funding: DOE Automated tuning is an online optimization process. It can be faster and more efficient than manual tuning and can lead to better performance. Automated tuning is an online optimization process. It is more efficient than manual tuning and can lead to better performance. It may also substitute or improve upon model based methods. Noise tolerance is a fundamental challenge to online optimization algorithms. We discuss our experience in developing a high efficiency, noise-tolerant optimization algorithm, the RCDS method, and the successful application of the algorithm to various real-life accelerator problems. Experience with a few other online optimization algorithms are also discussed. A performance stabilizer and an interactive optimization GUI are presented.
	Slides FRA2IO01 [3.601 MB]
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Paper

Title

Other Keywords

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MOPOB28

Progress on the Design of a Perpendicularly Biased 2nd Harmonic Cavity for the Fermilab Booster

ion, cavity, booster, simulation

130

R.L. Madrak, J.E. Dey, K.L. Duel, J. Kuharik, W. Pellico, J. Reid, G.V. Romanov, M. Slabaugh, D. Sun, C.-Y. Tan, I. Terechkine
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

A perpendicular biased 2nd harmonic cavity is being designed and built for the Fermilab Booster. Its purpose is to flatten the bucket at injection and thus change the longitudinal beam distribution to decrease space charge effects. It can also help with transition crossing. The cavity frequency range is 76 - 10⁶ MHz. It is modeled using CST microwave studio and COMSOL. The power amplifier will use the same tetrode as is used for the fundamental mode cavities in the Fermilab Booster (Y567B). We discuss recent progress on the cavity design, plans for testing the tuner's garnet material, and tests of the power source.

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MOPOB58

Eddy Current Calculations for a 1.495 GHz Injection-Locked Magnetron

ion, interaction-region, cavity, klystron

198

S.A. Kahn, A. Dudas, R.P. Johnson, M.L. Neubauer
Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA
H. Wang
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

An injection-locked amplitude modulated magnetron is being developed as a reliable, efficient RF source that could replace klystrons used in particle accelerators. The magnetron amplitude is modulated using a trim magnetic coil to alter the magnetic field in conjunction with the anode voltage to suppress the emittance growth due to microphonics and changing beam loads. The rate for microphonic noise can have frequencies in the range 10-50 Hz. This is competitive to the inductive decay time of the trim coil. Eddy currents will be induced in the copper anode of the magnetron that will buck the field from the trim coil in the interaction region. This paper will describe the magnetic circuit of the proposed magnetron as well as the calculation and handling of the Eddy currents on the magnetic field.

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TUB1CO03

ALS-U: A Soft X-Ray Diffraction Limited Light Source

ion, emittance, undulator, impedance

263

C. Steier, A. Anders, J.M. Byrd, K. Chow, S. De Santis, R.M. Duarte, J.-Y. Jung, T.H. Luo, H. Nishimura, T. Oliver, J.R. Osborn, H.A. Padmore, G.C. Pappas, S. Persichelli, D. Robin, F. Sannibale, D. Schlueter, C. Sun, C.A. Swenson, M. Venturini, W.L. Waldron, E.J. Wallén, W. Wan, Y.C. Yang
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Funding: This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
Improvements in brightness and coherent flux of about two orders of magnitude over operational storage ring based light sources are possible using multi bend achromat lattice designs. These improvements can be implemented as upgrades of existing facilities, like the proposed upgrade of the Advanced Light Source (ALS-U). The upgrade proposal will reuse much of the existing infrastructure, thereby reducing cost and time needed to reach full scientific productivity on a large number of beamlines. We will report on the accelerator design progress as well as the details of the ongoing R+D program.

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TUB2IO01

Accelerator Physics Challenges in the Design of Multi Bend Achromat Based Storage Rings

ion, lattice, emittance, storage-ring

278

M. Borland
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
R.O. Hettel
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
S.C. Leemann
MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
D. Robin
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
With the recent success in commissioning of MAX IV, the multi-bend achromat (MBA) lattice has begun to deliver on its promise to usher in a new generation of higher-brightness synchrotron light sources. In this paper, we begin by reviewing the challenges, recent success, and lessons learned of the MAX-IV project. Drawing on these lessons, we then describe the physics challenges in even more ambitious rings and how these can be met. In addition, we touch on engineering issues and choices that are tightly linked with the physics design.

Slides TUB2IO01 [3.723 MB]

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TUPOA71

Beam Stability During Top Off Operation at NSLS-II Storage Ring

ion, feedback, operation, storage-ring

425

W.X. Cheng, B. Bacha, Y. Li, O. Singh, Y. Tian
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

NSLS-II storage ring started top off operation since Oct 2015. User operation current has been gradually increased to 250mA. Observations of beam stabilities during top-off operations will be presented. Total beam current was typically maintained within ±0.5% and bunch to bunch current variation was less than 20%. Injection transition during top-off was measured bunch by bunch digitizer, and BPM to analyze the orbit motion at various bandwidths (turn by turn, 10kHz and 10Hz rate). Coupled bunch unstable motions were monitored. As the vacuum pressure improves, fast-ion instability is not as severe compared to early stage of commissioning/operation, but still observed as the dominant instability. Resistive wall instability is noticed as more in-vacuum-undulator (IVU) gaps closed. xBPM measured photon stability and electron beam stability at top off injection have been evaluated. Short term and long term orbit stabilities will be reported.

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TUPOB04

A More Compact Design for the JLEIC Ion Pre-Booster Ring

ion, booster, dipole, linac

483

B. Mustapha, P.N. Ostroumov
ANL, Argonne, USA
B. Erdelyi
Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA

Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 for ANL
The original design of the JLEIC pre-booster was a 3-GeV figure-8 shaped synchrotron with a circumference of about 240 m. In the current baseline design, the 3-GeV pre-booster was converted into an 8-GeV booster of the same shape and size but using super-ferric magnets with fields up to 3 Tesla. In order to limit the foot-print of the JLEIC ion complex and reduce its total cost, we have designed a more compact and cost-effective octagonal 3-GeV ring about half the size of the original one. At 3 GeV, the figure-8 shape is not required to preserve ion polarization; Siberian snakes with reasonable magnetic fields can be used for spin correction. As the ion collider ring requires an injection energy of at least 8 GeV, we propose to use the existing electron storage ring, which is part of the electron complex, as a large booster for the ions up to 11 GeV. The design optimization of the pre-booster ring will be presented leading to the final octagonal ring design. Preliminary beam simulations will also be presented and discussed.

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TUPOB50

Beam-Induced Heating of the Kicker Ceramics Chambers at NSLS-II

ion, kicker, impedance, ECR

599

A. Blednykh, B. Bacha, G. Bassi, G. Ganetis, C. Hetzel, H.-C. Hseuh, T.V. Shaftan, V.V. Smaluk, G.M. Wang
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: This work was supported by Department of Energy contract DE-AC02-98CH10886.
First experience with the beam-induced heating of the ceramics chambers in the NSLS-II storage ring has been discussed. Total five ceramics chambers are considered to be replaced due to overheating concern during of upcoming I_av=500mA operations. The air cooling fans has been installed as a temporarily solution to remove heat.

Poster TUPOB50 [1.629 MB]

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WEA1CO03

Simulations of Booster Injection Efficiency for the APS-Upgrade

ion, booster, lattice, simulation

647

J.R. Calvey, M. Borland, K.C. Harkay, R.R. Lindberg, C. Yao
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA

The APS-Upgrade will require the injector chain to provide high single bunch charge for swap-out injection. One possible limiting factor to achieving this is an observed reduction of injection efficiency into the booster synchrotron at high charge. We have simulated booster injection using the particle tracking code elegant, including a model for the booster impedance and beam loading in the RF cavities. The simulations point to two possible causes for reduced efficiency: energy oscillations leading to losses at high dispersion locations, and a vertical beam size blowup caused by ions in the particle accumulator ring. We also show that the efficiency is much higher in an alternate booster lattice with smaller vertical beta function and zero dispersion in the straight sections.

Slides WEA1CO03 [0.682 MB]

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WEPOA01

Effect of Proton Bunch Parameter Variation on AWAKE

ion, wakefield, plasma, electron

684

N. Savard
University of Victoria, Victoria BC, Canada
P. Muggli
MPI, Muenchen, Germany
J. Vieira
IPFN, Lisbon, Portugal

In AWAKE, long proton bunches propagate through a plasma, generating wakefields through the self-modulation instability (SMI). The phase velocity of these wakefields changes during the first 4 m of propagation and growth of the SMI, after which it stabilizes at the proton bunch velocity. This means that the ideal injection point for electrons to be accelerated is after 4 m into the plasma. Using the PIC code OSIRIS, we study how small changes in the initial proton bunch parameters (such as charge, radial and longitudinal bunch length, etc) to be expected in the experiment affect the phase velocity of the wakefields, primarily by looking at the difference in the phase of the wakefields at the point of injection (along the bunch and along the plasma) when changing these parameters by a small amount (±5%). We also look for the region of optimal acceleration/focusing for electron injection. Ultimately, it is found that small changes in the initial proton bunch parameters are not expected to significantly impact electron injection experiments in the future.

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WEPOA14

Resistive Wall Growth Rate Measurements in the Fermilab Recycler

ion, impedance, cavity, operation

719

R. Ainsworth, P. Adamson, A.V. Burov, I. Kourbanis
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Impedance could represent a limitation of running high intensity beams in the Fermilab recycler. With high intensity upgrades foreseen, it is important to quantify the impedance. To do this, studies have been performed measuring the growth rate of presumably the resistive wall instability. The growth rates at varying intensities and chromaticities are shown. The measured growth rates are compared to ones calculated with the resistive wall impedance.

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WEPOA46

The Muon Injection Simulation Study for the Muon g-2 Experiment at Fermilab

ion, kicker, storage-ring, simulation

803

S-C. Kim
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
N.S. Froemming
University of Washington, CENPA, Seattle, USA
D. L. Rubin
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
D. Stratakis
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: Operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. De-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy.
The new experiment, under construction at Fermilab, to measure the muon magnetic moment anomaly, aims to reduce measurement uncertainty by a factor of four to 140 ppb. The required statistics depend on efficient production and delivery of the highly polarized muon beams from production target into the g-2 storage ring at the design "magic"-momentum of 3.094 GeV/c, with minimal pion and proton contamination. We have developed the simulation tools for the muon transport based on G4Beamline and BMAD, from the target station, through the pion decay line and delivery ring and into the storage ring, ending with detection of decay positrons. These simulation tools are being used for the optimization of the various beam line guide field parameters related to the muon capture efficiency, and the evaluation of systematic measurement uncertainties. We describe the details of the model and some key findings of the study.

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WEPOB02

Simulation of Swap-Out Reliability for the Advance Photon Source Upgrade

ion, operation, simulation, lattice

881

M. Borland
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
The proposed upgrade of the Advanced Photon Source (APS) to a multibend achromat lattice relies on the use of swap-out injection to accommodate the small dynamic acceptance, allow use of unusual insertion devices, and minimize collective effects at high single-bunch charge. This, combined with the short beam lifetime, will make injector reliability even more important than it is for top-up operation. We used historical data for the APS injector complex to obtain probability distributions for injector up-time and down-time durations. Using these distributions, we simulated several years of swap-out operation for the upgraded lattice for several operating modes. The results indicate that obtaining very high availability of beam in the storage ring will require improvements to injector reliability.

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WEPOB08

Collective Effects at Injection for the APS-U MBA Lattice

ion, feedback, collective-effects, lattice

901

R.R. Lindberg, M. Borland
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
A. Blednykh
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: U.S. Dept. of Energy Office of Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357
The Advanced Photon Source has proposed an upgrade to a multi-bend achromat (MBA) with a proposed timing mode calls for 48 bunches of 15 nC each. In this mode of operation we find that phase space mismatch from the booster can drive large wakefields that in turn may limit the current below that of the nominal collective instability threshold. We show that collective effects at injection lead to emittance growth that makes usual off-axis accumulation very challenging. On-axis injection ameliorates many of these issues, but we find that transverse feedback is still required. We explore the role of impedance, feedback, and phase-space mismatch on transverse instabilities at injection.

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WEPOB10

Simulation Study of the Helical Superconducting Undulator Installation at the Advanced Photon Source

ion, lattice, undulator, sextupole

907

V. Sajaev, M. Borland, Y.P. Sun, A. Xiao
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
A helical superconducting undulator is planned for installation at the APS. Such an installation would be first of its kind – helical devices were never installed in synchrotron light sources before. Due to its reduced horizontal aperture, a lattice modification is required to accommodate for large horizontal oscillations during injection. We describe the lattice change details and show the new lattice experimental test results. To understand the effect of the undulator on single-particle dynamics, first, its kick maps were computed using different methods. We have found that often-used Elleaume formula* for kick maps gives wrong results for this undulator. We then used the kick maps obtained by other methods to simulate the effect of the undulator on injection and lifetime.
*P. Elleaume, EPAC 1992

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WEPOB14

APS-U Lattice Design for Off-Axis Accumulation

ion, lattice, emittance, quadrupole

920

Y.P. Sun, M. Borland, R.R. Lindberg, V. Sajaev
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA

A 67-pm hybrid-seven-bend achromat (H7BA) lattice is being proposed for a future Advanced Photon Source (APS) multi-bend-achromat (MBA) upgrade project. This lattice design pushes for smaller emittance and requires use of a swap-out (on-axis) injection scheme due to limited dynamic acceptance. Alternate lattice design work has also been performed for the APS upgrade to achieve better beam dynamics performance than the nominal APS MBA lattice, in order to allow off-axis accumulation. Two such alternate H7BA lattice designs, which target a still-low emittance of 90 pm, are discussed in detail in this paper. Although the single-particle-dynamics performance is good, simulations of collective effects indicate that surprising difficulty would be expected accumulating high single-bunch charge in this lattice. The brightness of the 90-pm lattice is also a factor of two lower than the 67-pm H7BA lattice.

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WEPOB22

Beam Loss Simulation and Collimator System Configurations for the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade

ion, simulation, beam-losses, shielding

943

A. Xiao, M. Borland
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
The proposed multi-bend achromat lattice for the Advanced Photon Source upgrade (APS-U) has a design emittance of less than 70 pm. The Touschek loss rate is high: compared with the current APS ring, which has an average beam lifetime ∼ 10 h, the simulated beam lifetime for APS-U is only ~2 h when operated in the high flux mode (I=200 mA in 48 bunches). An additional consequence of the short lifetime is that injection must be more frequent, which provides another potential source of particle loss. In order to provide information for the radiation shielding system evaluation and to avoid particle loss in sensitive locations around the ring (for example, insertion device straight sections), simulations of the detailed beam loss distribution have been performed. Several possible collimation configurations have been simulated and compared.

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WEPOB36

Upgrade of the Cornell Electron Storage Ring as a Synchrotron Light Source

ion, undulator, lattice, emittance

980

D. L. Rubin, J.A. Crittenden, J.P. Shanks, S. Wang
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA

Funding: NSF-DMR 13-32208
The planned upgrade of the Cornell Electron Storage Ring as an X-ray source for CHESS will include an increase in beam energy and decrease in emittance from 100 nm-rad at 5.3 GeV to 30 nm-rad at 6 GeV, increase in beam current from 120 to 200 mA, continuous top-off injection of the single circulating beam, and four new zero dispersion inser- tion straights that can each accommodate a pair of canted undulators. The existing sextant of the storage ring arc that serves as the source for all of the CHESS X-ray beam lines will be reconfigured with 6 double-bend achromats, each consisting of two pairs of horizontally focusing quadrupoles, and a single pair of combined-function gradient bend magnets. The chromaticity will be compensated by the existing sextupoles in the legacy FODO arcs. We describe details of the linear optics, sextupole distributions to maximize dynamic aperture and injection efficiency, and characterization of magnetic field and alignment error tolerance.

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THPOA41

Simulations of Hole Injection in Diamond Detectors

ion, electron, simulation, detector

1184

G.I. Bell, D.A. Dimitrov, C.D. Zhou
Tech-X, Boulder, Colorado, USA
I. Ben-Zvi, M. Gaowei, T. Rao, J. Smedley
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
E.M. Muller
SBU, Stony Brook, New York, USA

Funding: This work is supported by the US DOE Office of Science, department of Basic Energy Sciences, under grant DE-SC0007577.
We present simulations of a semiconductor beam detector using the code VSIM. The 3D simulations involve the movement and scattering of electrons and holes in the semiconductor, voltages which may be applied to external contacts, and self-consistent electrostatic fields inside the device. Electrons may experience a Schottky barrier when attempting to move from the semiconductor into a metal contact. The strong field near the contact, due to trapped electrons, can result in hole injection into the semiconductor due to transmission of electrons from the valence band of the semiconductor into the metal contact. Injected holes are transported in the applied field leading to current through the detector. We compare our simulation results with experimental results from a prototype diamond X-ray detector.

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THPOA63

Septum Magnet Design for APS-U

ion, septum, ECR, multipole

1231

M. Abliz, M. Borland, H. Cease, G. Decker, M.S. Jaski, J.S. Kerby, U. Wienands, A. Xiao
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA

Funding: * Work supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE AC02 06CH11357
The Advanced Photon Source is in the process of developing an upgrade (APS-U) of the storage ring from a double-bend to a multi-bend lattice. A swap-out injection is planned for the APS-U lattice to keep a constant beam current and accommodate small, dynamic aperture. A septum magnet that has a minimum thickness of 2 mm with an injection field of 1.06 T has been designed. The stored beam chamber has an 8 mm x 6 mm super-ellipsoidal aperture. The required total deflecting angle is 89 mrad with a ring energy of 6 GeV. The magnet is straight, but is tilted in yaw, roll, and pitch from the stored beam chamber in order to meet the swap out injection requirements for the APS-U lattice. In order to minimize the leakage field inside the stored beam chamber, four different techniques were utilized in the design. As a result, the horizontal deflecting angle of the stored beam was held to only 5 μrad, and the integrated skew quadrupole inside the stored beam chamber was held to 0.09 T. The detailed techniques that were applied to the design, the field multipoles, and the resulting trajectories of the injected and stored beams are reported.

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THPOA65

Double Triple Bend Achromat for Next Generation 3 GeV Light Sources

ion, lattice, optics, SRF

1237

A. Alekou, R. Bartolini
Oxford University, Physics Department, Oxford, Oxon, United Kingdom
A. Alekou, R. Bartolini
JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
A. Alekou, R. Bartolini, T. Pulampong, R.P. Walker
DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
N. Carmignani, S.M. Liuzzo, P. Raimondi
ESRF, Grenoble, France

The Double Triple Bend Achromat (DTBA) is a newly designed cell for a next generation 3 GeV synchrotron light source. DTBA is inspired by the Double-Double Bend Achromat (DDBA) cell designed for Diamond and originates from a modification of the ESRF HMBA 6 GeV cell, combining in this way the best characteristics of each lattice. The lattice achieves a natural emittance as low as 131 pm, together with a sufficient Dynamic Aperture (DA) for injection and lifetime. Two cells are designed with different end-drift lengths providing two different Long Straight Sections (LSS) for insertion devices, 5 and 7.5 m long, in addition to a new middle-straight section of 3 m. The characteristics of the lattice together with the results on emittance, DA and Touschek lifetime are presented after extensive linear and non-linear optimisations, with and without the presence of errors and corrections.

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FRA2IO01

Development and Application of Online Optimization Algorithms

ion, GUI, coupling, operation

1287

X. Huang
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Funding: DOE
Automated tuning is an online optimization process. It can be faster and more efficient than manual tuning and can lead to better performance. Automated tuning is an online optimization process. It is more efficient than manual tuning and can lead to better performance. It may also substitute or improve upon model based methods. Noise tolerance is a fundamental challenge to online optimization algorithms. We discuss our experience in developing a high efficiency, noise-tolerant optimization algorithm, the RCDS method, and the successful application of the algorithm to various real-life accelerator problems. Experience with a few other online optimization algorithms are also discussed. A performance stabilizer and an interactive optimization GUI are presented.

Slides FRA2IO01 [3.601 MB]

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