Keyword: extraction
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MOM2CCO04 Recent Progress on the Facility Upgrade for Accelerated Radioactive Beams at Texas A&M ion, cyclotron, injection, ion-source 24
 
  • D.P. May, R.E. Tribble
    Texas A&M University Cyclotron Institute, College Station, Texas, USA
  • F.P. Abegglen, G. Chubaryan, G.J. Derrig, G.J. Kim, G. Tabacaru
    Texas A&M University, Cyclotron Institute, College Station, USA
  
  Funding: Supported by U. S. Dept. of Energy Grant DE-FG02-93ER40773
The Cyclotron Institute at Texas A&M University is involved in an upgrade, one goal of which is to provide radioactive ion beams accelerated to intermediate energies by the K500 superconducting cyclotron. The old 88" cyclotron, now the K150, has been refurbished to be used as a driver and also to provide higher intensity, low-energy, primary beams for experiments. Two external ion sources, an electron-cyclotron-resonance ion source (ECRIS) and a multi-cusp negative ion source, have been installed on a new axial line to inject beams into a modified K150 central region. Acceleration of negative ions of protons and deuterons with stripping for extraction will be used in order to mitigate activation of the K150. Beams from the K150 will be used to create radioactive species via a light-ion guide and a heavy-ion guide. Singly charged ions from either ion guide will be transported to an ECRIS that is configured to capture these ions and further ionize them. One charge-state from this second ECRIS will be selected for subsequent acceleration by the K500. Progress on the upgrade, including the acceleration and extraction of both negative and positive beams by the K150, is presented. 		 
slides icon Slides MOM2CCO04 [1.690 MB]  
 
MOA1CIO01 Intense Beam Operation of the NSCL/MSU Cyclotrons ion, cyclotron, injection, emittance 27
 
  • J.W. Stetson, G. Machicoane, F. Marti, D.R. Poe
    NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  
  Funding: Supported under National Science Foundation under grant No. PHY06-06007
Intense heavy ion beam acceleration by superconducting compact cyclotrons presents significant challenges since surfaces impacted by lost beam are subject to high thermal loads and consequent damage. High transmission efficiencies allow 0.7-1.0 kW beams to be routinely delivered for experiment at the NSCL, with minimal negative impact on reliability. Net beam transmission measured from just before the K500 to extracted beam from the K1200 can be about 30% depending on the ion used (factoring out the unavoidable loss due to the charge stripping foil in the K1200). Techniques and examples are discussed. 		 
slides icon Slides MOA1CIO01 [4.425 MB]  
 
MOA1CIO02 High Intensity Cyclotrons for Super Heavy Elements Research of FLNR JINR ion, cyclotron, target, injection 33
 
  • G.G. Gulbekyan
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  
  Main team of FLNR JINR is super heavy elements research. From 2000 up to 2010 there was synthesized elements 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118 and more the 40 isotopes of super heavy elements in the Lab. As a target we used 243Am, 242Pu, 248Cm, 249Bk, 249Cf et al. Full flux 48Ca ion beam through the targets on the level 5×10 20 ion with 48Ca matter consumption 0.4 mg/hour, and average beam intensity 1pμA. According plan after U400 cyclotron modernization (2012) 48Ca beam intensity will be up to 3pμA on the target and 48Ca beam intensity from new cyclotron DC200 will be 10 pμA (2014).  
 
MOA2CIO01 HIRFL-CSR Facility Status and Development ion, target, electron, injection 37
 
  • Y.J. Yuan, X.H. Cai, D.Q. Gao, Y. He, L.Z. Ma, X. Ma, R.S. Mao, Y.W. Su, X.L. Tu, J.W. Xia, H.S. Xu, Z. Xu, J.C. Yang, X.D. Yang, X.T. Yang, Y.P. Yang, W. Zhang, H.W. Zhao
    IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
  
  The HIRFL-CSR facility come into operation by the end of 2007. During operation in recent years, CSR supplied beam for experiments at several terminals and inside both CSRm and CSRe rings. The experiments covers high resolution mass measurement, cancer therapy research, neutron wall, atomic physics using electron target and internal gas target, using injection beam mainly from the SFC of cyclotron injector. New methods and further developments are required to improve the performance of CSR system including multi-gradients measurement method for beam spot commissioning and beam transfer, nonlinear effect correction and stabilization of isochronous mode of CSRe. For suppling of heverier ion beam with proper ernergy, the cyclotron complex should be enhanced and new injector is proposed to replace SFC as injector of SSC.  
slides icon Slides MOA2CIO01 [3.766 MB]  
 
MOPCP002 The Isochronous Magnetic Field Optimization of HITFiL Cyclotron cyclotron, focusing, ion, heavy-ion 48
 
  • L.Z. Ma, Q.G. Yao
    IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
  
  A new project named HITFiL (Heavy Ion Therapy Facility in Lanzhou) is being constructed. In this project, a 7 Mev 12C5+ cyclotron is selected as the initial injector providing a 10 μA carbon beam. The isochronous magnetic field optimization of the cyclotron is introduced in this paper. Optimization result shows that the deviations between calculation values and theory are smaller than 5 Gs. In the design process, the sofware OPERA has been utilized for the field calculation and optimization.  
 
MOPCP003 Application of Cyclotrons in Brachytherapy cyclotron, target, simulation, proton 51
 
  • P. Saidi Bidokhti
    PPRC, Tehran, Iran
  • M. Sadeghi
    Agricultural, Medical & Industrial Research School, Gohadasht, Iran
  • A. Shirazi
    Tehran University, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran, Iran
  
  Cyclotrons are particle accelerator machines which have many applications in industry, technology and medicine. Cyclotrons play an important role in medicine and about 50% of the all particle accelerators running in the world are used in medicine for radiation therapy, medical radioisotopes production, and biomedical research. In this short review the use of cyclotrons for a radiation therapy method, brachytherapy, is discussed. Brachytherapy is a form of radiotherapy where a radioactive source placed on or in the tissue to be irradiated. For a long period the production of radioactive isotopes for medical applications was essentially done in nuclear reactors but due to some advantages of radioisotopes production with cyclotron over a nuclear reactor, in the last two decades several types of cyclotrons have been developed to meet the specific demands of radionuclide production. This talk will briefly explain the technical design, beam transfer and beam delivery systems of cyclotron for brachytherapy radioisotope production; and also will shortly describe some detail of 103Pd production in the following: production, targetry, radiochemical separation and seed fabrication.  
 
MOPCP013 Magnetic Field Calculation and Magnet Shimming Simulation for the CYCHU-10 Cyclotron cyclotron, simulation, controls, ion-source 69
 
  • Z. Chen, D.Z. Chen, K.F. Liu, B. Qin
    HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
  
  The compact internal ion source cyclotron CYCHU-10 developed in Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) is in magnet machining, and will be assembled soon later. Difference between the ideal computation and practical measurement of the magnetic field is an important reference for magnet shimming. So in this paper, a further study on magnet field computation using FEM is implemented. By giving diverse boundaries and grid meshes, a quarter and a half models are both calculated to make sure correctness of the ideal model. Besides, the research on magnet shimming is also carried out. A new shim tool based on an improved matrix method combining the multiple linear regression is developed to simulate the practical shimming process. With the aid of 3D finite element code and beam dynamics code, an iterative shimming process has been accomplished successfully. The results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the shim tool.  
 
MOPCP014 Activation of a 250 MeV SC-cyclotron for Protontherapy cyclotron, proton, beam-losses, radioactivity 72
 
  • J.M. Schippers, D.C. Kiselev, R. Lüscher, O. Morath, M. Wohlmuther
    PSI, Villigen, Switzerland
  • B. Amrein, P. Frey, M. Kostezer, A. Schmidt, G. Steen
    PSI-LRF, Villigen, PSI, Switzerland
  
  Dedicated Cyclotrons of 230-250 MeV are used at protontherapy facilities since ~12 years. Beam losses at acceleration and extraction cause buildup of radioactivity in the cyclotron, having consequences for accessibility, service and decommissioning. At PSI a dedicated 250 MeV SC-cyclotron is used for proton therapy since 2007. The machine has been optimized to obtain a high extraction efficiency of over 80%. Apart from these losses, most other losses occur at a pair of phase slits at 21 cm radius. Here we report on a systematic study of the radioactivity at selected locations in the pole, the RF system and of some screws located near the median plane. The spectra of gamma rays emitted from iron plugs in the pole, copper disks in the liner and several screws have been measured with HPGe detectors. From these spectra the isotopic compositions have been derived and compared with activities calculated with the Monte Carlo transport code MCNPX. Dose rate measurements have been made as a function of time. The data and beam history of the cyclotron allow us predictions of the dose rate during service activities shortly after beam interruption as well as after a specified life time.  
 
MOPCP017 New High Intensity Compact Negative Hydrogen Ion Cyclotrons cyclotron, ion, ion-source, injection 81
 
  • V. Sabaiduc, D. Du, W. Gyles, R.R. Johnson, K. Suthanthiran
    BCSI, Vancouver, BC, Canada
  • E.P. Conard
    PAC sprl, Dion Valmont, Belgium
  • W.Z. Gelbart
    ASD, Garden Bay, Canada
  
  Best Cyclotron Systems Inc (BCSI) has been established in Springfield, Virginia, US, for the design and production of commercial cyclotrons. The company is a subsidiary of Best Medical International renowned in the field of medical instrumentation and radiation therapy. Cyclotrons are manufactured and tested at Best Theratronics, Ottawa. BCSI is initially focusing on three different energy cyclotrons. All have four radial sectors with two dees in opposite valleys and simultaneous beam extraction on opposite lines. The BEST14p is designed for fixed 14 MeV extraction 100 μA internal upgradable to 400 μA external ion source for PET isotopes and 99mTc production. The BEST35p is designed for variable energy extraction up to 35 MeV and combined current in excess of 1.5 mA. The BEST70p is designed for variable energy extraction up to 70 MeV with a combined current of 800 μA. It may be used as injector to a post-accelerator simultaneously with isotope production. BEST70p is most challenging given its present state of the art design. Design goals are total H− vacuum or e.m. losses ≤2%; dee voltage increasing with radius from 60 kV to 81 kV; extracted beam emittance <4π mm mrad.  
 
MOPCP020 Beam Extraction of the Heavy Ions from the U-400M Cyclotron ion, cyclotron, focusing, simulation 90
 
  • O.N. Borisov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  
  U400M is an isochronous cyclotron with pole diameter 4.0 m and 4 spiral sectors (maximal angle is equal 40°). The parameters of the cyclotron: A/Z=2-10; W=6-100 MeV/amu. A new physical channel for heavy ions beam extraction with low energies (W=5.0-9.0 MeV/amu) is constracted. Numerical simulation results of the beam extraction by stripping from the cyclotron are presented. Calculation of the transport line parameters were carried out.  
 
MOPCP021 Automated Operation and Optimization of the VARIAN 250 MeV Superconducting Compact Proton Cyclotron cyclotron, controls, proton, feedback 93
 
  • T. Stephani, U. Behrens, H. Röcken
    VMS-PT, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
  • C. Baumgarten
    PSI, Villigen, Switzerland
  
  The 250 MeV superconducting compact proton cyclotron of Varian Medical Systems Particle Therapy (the former ACCEL) is specially designed for the use in proton therapy systems. During medical operation typically no operator is required. Furthermore, several automated control system procedures guarantee a fast, simple, and reliable startup and beam optimization after overnight shutdown or regular service actions. We report on the automated startup procedures, automated beam centering, and automated optimization of extraction efficiency. Furthermore we present an automated beam current setting as used during medical operation by means of an electrostatic deflector located at the cyclotron center at low beam energies.  
 
MOPCP026 Beam Extraction System for CYCIAE-14 cyclotron, target, proton, emittance 105
 
  • S.M. Wei, S. An, W.P. Hu, M. Li, Y.L. Lu, L.P. Wen, H.D. Xie, J.S. Xing, Z.G. Yin, T.J. Zhang
    CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  
  A 14MeV medical cyclotron is under design and construction at CIAE, and H− ion will be accelerated and extracted by carbon stripper in dual opposite direction. Two stripping points are chosen in each extracting direction to extract proton beams to different targets or beam lines to extend the use of the machine. Two modes have been considered for the extraction system. One is designed to be installed on the wall of the vacuum cavity, and the other is designed to be inserted vertically from the sector poles. The final choice depends on the agility, simplicity and results of the experimentation. The angle between the stripper and the beam orbit is optimized to improve the extracted beam quality. The results of numerical simulation show the two stripping points at each extraction direction, the beam orbit and the beam characteristic at each extraction direction. The comparison of the beam envelope of different stripper azimuth is also presented in this paper to show the influence of the stripper azimuth. Based on the concept design, the mechanical design and the experimentation of the DC motor in magnetic field have been conducted, with the results shown in the paper as well.  
 
MOPCP031 Physics Design and Calculation of CYCIAE-70 Extraction System proton, cyclotron, target, beam-transport 114
 
  • S. An, F.P. Guan, M. Li, G.F. Song, C. Wang, S.M. Wei, F. Yang, T.J. Zhang, J.Q. Zhong
    CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  
  A cyclotron functioning as a driver with beam power of 50kW (70 MeV, 0.75 mA) based on compact H− cyclotron, CYCIAE-70, has been designed at CIAE in Beijing for the RIB production and application in the field of nuclear medicine recently. CYCIAE-70 is designed to be a dual particle cyclotron capable of delivering proton with energy in the range 35~70 MeV and deuteron beam with energy in a range of about 18~33 MeV. About 700 μA for H+ and 40 μA for D+ will be extracted in dual opposite directions by charge exchange stripping devices and the extraction beam energy is continuously adjustable. The physics design of CYCIAE-70 stripping system has been done and the optics calculations for the extraction proton and deuteron beam have been finished. The dispersion effects for the extracted beam are analyzed and the beam parameters after extraction are calculated with multi-particle tracking code COMA.  
 
MOPCP032 Design Study of Compact Cyclotron For Injection of K=100 SSC cyclotron, ion, ion-source, injection 117
 
  • B.N. Lee, J.-S. Chai, H.W. Kim, J.H. Oh
    SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
  
  Funding: Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Republic of Korea Department of Energy Science and School of Information and Communication Engineering of SungKyunKwan University
The Compact cyclotron was designed for injection of K=100 Separated Sector Cyclotron(SSC). It has four magnet sectors with pancake type and maximum magnetic fields is 1.92 T. The magnet adopting 4 harmonics has three kind of holes for beam injection, vacuum pumps and RF systems. The pole diameter was chosen about 70 cm with 50 kV dee-voltage and 40° dee-angles. The ion-source of this accelerator consists of a double gap buncher, Solenoid Qaudrupole Qaudrupole(SQQ) and a spiral inflector. It will provide a 4~8 MeV, ~1 mA of proton beams and 2~4 MeV, ~0.5mA of deuteron ion beam. In this paper we will describe the conceptual design of this machine including the Ion-source, Injection system, Magnet and RF system. etc. 		 
 
MOPCP033 Magnet Design of 70 MeV Separate Sector Cyclotron (KoRIA) cyclotron, simulation, resonance, focusing 120
 
  • Kh.M. Gad, J.-S. Chai, H.W. Kim, B.N. Lee, J.H. Oh, J.A. Park, H.S. Song
    SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
  
  Funding: Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Republic of Korea Department of Energy Science and School of Information and Communication Engineering of SungKyunKwan University
A k=100 separated sector cyclotron is being designed in SKKU university South Korea, this cyclotron is considered the main drive for ISOL to produce ~ 70-100 MeV proton beam and ~35-50 MeV deuteron beam for production of radioactive material as a basic nuclear research, in this paper we will describe Opera 3D (Tosca) numerical simulation for determining the basic magnet parameters, magnet material, deformation , imperfection fields and preliminary ion beam dynamics study for verifying the focusing properties of the designed magnet 		 
 
MOPCP037 Central Region Design of a Baby Cyclotron cyclotron, ion, ion-source, isotope-production 126
 
  • X. He
    TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  • K. Zhang
    CAEP/IFP, Mainyang, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
  
  Baby cyclotrons are widely used in short lived beta+ radioactive isotope production for PET. Central region design is one of the most important part of the design work of the cyclotron. Central region design, including design process and design results is presentd in this paper.  
 
MOPCP041 Beam Tuning in Kolkata Superconducting Cyclotron cyclotron, ion, injection, acceleration 132
 
  • M.K. Dey, R.K. Bhandari, U. Bhunia, J. Debnath, A. Dutta, C. Mallik, Z.A. Naser, S. Paul, J. Pradhan, M.H. Rashid
    DAE/VECC, Calcutta, India
  
  The Superconducting cyclotron at VECC, Kolkata, has accelerated ion beams up to extraction radius successfully confirmed by the neutrons produced by the nuclear reactions. The internal beam tuning process started with beam parameters calculated using the measured magnetic field data. Due to some mechanical and electrical problems we were forced to tune the beam with three major trim coils off. Accurate positioning of central region Dee-extensions ensuring the proper acceleration gaps in the first turn was required for successful acceleration of beam through the compact central region clearing the posts in the median plane. Here we present different aspects and results of initial beam tuning.  
 
MOPCP042 Determination of Isochronous Field Using Magnetic Field Map cyclotron, closed-orbit, ion, heavy-ion 135
 
  • N.Yu. Kazarinov, O.N. Borisov, V.I. Kazacha
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  
  In this work a new scheme for calculation of a cyclotron isochronous field using the previously calculated or measured map of the cyclotron magnetic field in its median plane is adduced. The calculating map of the cyclotron magnetic field was set by the matrix having the dimensions 201x181. The flutter part of the magnetic field obtained by subtraction of the zero azimuth harmonic from the magnetic field values were calculated in all net nodes. The magnetic rigidity value in the equation for the particle radius versus the angle was replaced by product of the mean radius and mean along the closed orbit magnetic field. The flutter function was interpolated with the help of the third order Lagrange's polynomials using 16 nodes of the net. At every given radius with the help of the nonlinear simplex method of optimization one can find such value of the isochronous field when the particle path is enclosed with accuracy of 10-9. The results of the fulfilled calculations for the cyclotron DC-110 and their comparison with results of other calculations are given.  
 
MOPCP045 Towards Quantitative Predictions of High Power Cyclotrons cyclotron, simulation, space-charge, proton 144
 
  • Y.J. Bi, J.J. Yang, T.J. Zhang
    CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  • A. Adelmann, R. Dölling, J.M. Humbel, W. Joho, M. Seidel
    PSI, Villigen, Switzerland
  • Y.J. Bi
    Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  • C.-X. Tang
    TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  
  The large and complex structure of cyclotrons poses great challenges in the precise simulation of high power beams. However, such simulation capabilities are mandatory in the design and operation of the next generation high power proton drivers. The powerful tool OPAL enables us to do large scale simulations including 3D space charge and particle matter interactions. A large scale simulation effort is presented in the paper, which leads to a better quantitative understanding of the existing PSI high power proton cyclotron facility and predicts the beam behavior of CYCIAE-100 under construction at CIAE. The beam power of 1.3 MW delivered by the PSI 590 MeV Ring Cyclotron together with stringent requirements regarding the controlled and uncontrolled beam losses poses great challenges to predictive simulations. The comparisons with measurements show that OPAL can precisely predict the radial beam pattern at extraction with large dynamic range (3-4 orders of magnitude). The new particle matter interaction model is used to obtain necessary beam loss statistics during the acceleration. This data is indispensable in the design of an efficient collimation system in CYCIAE-100.  
 
MOPCP053 ECR Ion Source Development at the AGOR Facility plasma, ion, emittance, simulation 156
 
  • V. Mironov, J.P.M. Beijers, S. Brandenburg, H.R. Kremers, J. Mulder, S. Saminathan
    KVI, Groningen, The Netherlands
  
  Funding: This work is supported by the European Union through EURONS, contract 506065 and the "Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie" (FOM).
This paper reports on recent work to improve the performance of the 14 GHz KVI-AECR ion source, which is used as an injector for the AGOR cyclotron. We have installed stainless-steel screens at the injection and extraction sides and an additional collar around the extraction aperture resulting in better plasma stability and an increase of extracted ion currents. Stability and output are also improved by the use of additional RF power at 12 GHz. Source tuning is aided by continuously observing the visible light output of the plasma through the extraction aperture with a ccd camera. We now routinely extract 700 μA of O6+ and 50 μA of Pb27+ ions. Source optimization is supported by extensive computational modeling of the ion transport in the low-energy beam line and measuring the transverse emittance of the extracted ion beam with a pepperpot emittance meter. These efforts have shown that second-order aberrations in the analyzing magnet lead to a significant increase of the effective beam emittance. Work to compensate these aberrations is underway 		 
 
MOPCP059 Theoritical Analysis and Fabrication of Coupling Capacitor for K500 Superconducting Cyclotron at Kolkata coupling, vacuum, cyclotron, radio-frequency 165
 
  • M. Ahammed, R.K. Bhandari, P. Bhattacharyya, J. Chaudhuri, M.K. Dey, A. Dutta Gupta, B. Hemram, B.C. Mandal, N. Mandal, B. Manna, S. Murali, Y.E. Rao, S. Saha, S. Sur
    DAE/VECC, Calcutta, India
  
  K500 SC cyclotron has already been constructed and commissioned after spiraling Ne3+ internal beam with 70 nA upto extraction radius(670 mm) at Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre at Kolkata, India. Several problems have been experienced related to the coupling capacitor of the radio frequency system including it's sever burning during commissioning of the cyclotron. Making of the dissimilar joints between alumina ceramic and copper of the coupling capacitor demands the usage of vacuum furnace to avoid the cracking of the ceramic. Therefore exhaustive analysis has been carried out to facilitate the in-house fabrication of the coupling capacitor without using the vacuum furnace in case of emergency. The maximum allowable rate of temperature rise for the ceramic and the optimum thickness ration of the copper to ceramic has been estimated. Finally fabrication of the coupling capacitor has been carried out in-house without employing vacuum furnace. At present the coupling capacitor is performing well as maximum 57 kV DEE voltages were been achieved the till date. This paper presents the details of the analysis and experiences gain during the fabrication of the coupling capacitor.  
 
MOPCP061 RF Cavity Simulations for Superconducting C400 Cyclotron simulation, cyclotron, ion, acceleration 171
 
  • G.A. Karamysheva, A.A. Glazov, S. Gurskiy, N.A. Morozov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • M. Abs, Y. Jongen, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, S. Zaremba
    IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
  • O. Karamyshev
    JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
  
  Compact superconducting isochronous cyclotron C400 has designed at IBA (Belgium) in collaboration with the JINR (Dubna). This cyclotron will be the first cyclotron in the world capable of delivering protons, carbon and helium ions for therapeutic use. 12C6+ and 4He2+ ions will be accelerated to 400 MeV/u energy and extracted by electrostatic deflector, H2+ ions will be accelerated to the energy 265 MeV/u and extracted by stripping. It is planed to use two normal conducting RF cavities for ion beam acceleration in cyclotron C400. Computer model of the double gap delta RF cavity with 4 stems was developed in is a general-purpose simulation software CST STUDIO SUITE. Necessary resonant frequency and increase of the voltage along the gaps were achieved. Optimization of the RF cavity parameters leads us to the cavity with quality factor about 14000, RF power dissipation is equal to about 50 kW per cavity.  
 
MOPCP070 Design of IBA Cyclone 30XP Cyclotron Magnet cyclotron, resonance, quadrupole, proton 189
 
  • E. Forton, M. Abs, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, B. Nactergal, D. Neuvéglise, S. Zaremba
    IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
  
  IBA is developing an evolution of its famous Cyclone 30 cyclotron. The Cyclone 30xp will be a multi-particle, multiport cyclotron capable of accelerating alpha particles up to 30 MeV, deuteron (D-) beams between 7.5 and 15 MeV and proton (H−) beams between 15 and 30 MeV. The magnet system has been improved with IBA Cyclone 18/9 and Cyclone 70 features. Coil dimensions have been updated in order to raise the free space in the median plane. This allows the mounting of a retractable electrostatic deflector system for the extraction of the alpha particle beam. Gradient corrector pole extensions have been added to ease the alpha beam extraction. Finally, compensation for relativistic effects between H− (q/m=1/1) and D-/alpha (q/m=1/2) beams is made by movable iron inserts located in two valleys, as in IBA Cyclone 18/9 cyclotrons. These modifications could have an adverse effect on the flutter. In addition, the second harmonic induced by the movable iron inserts drives the machine in the 2.νr=2 resonance close to the extraction. As a consequence, modifications on the pole sectors and chamfers have been made in order to improve the flutter and eliminate the harmful resonance.  
 
MOPCP072 Design of IBA Cyclone 11 Cyclotron Magnet cyclotron, betatron, proton, ion 192
 
  • V. Nuttens, M. Abs, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, B. Nactergal, D. Neuvéglise, T. Servais, S. Zaremba
    IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
  
  To extend customer choice in the low energy range, IBA is developing the Cyclone 11. It is a fixed energy 11 MeV H− cyclotron for the production of PET isotopes. The cyclotron magnet is based on the well known Cyclone 10/5, with the same yoke dimensions, which is compatible with the IBA self-shielding design. The higher proton energy compared to the 10 MeV machine takes the benefit of the higher PET isotope production yield. This poster presents the Cyclone 10 magnet modifications required to reach 11 MeV. At first, the magnetic field has been raised by a small reduction of the valley depth. Additionally, the main coil current has been increased. The pole edge milling has been used to obtain the isochronous magnetic field shape. Beam optics in the magnet is excellent. Extraction is ensured by means of stripper foils mounted on carousels located at different azimuths allowing for up to eight targets.  
 
MOPCP073 The Vacuum System of HIRFL Cyclotrons vacuum, cyclotron, ion, heavy-ion 195
 
  • X.T. Yang, J. Meng, J.H. Zhang
    IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
  
  HIRFL has 2 cyclotrons: a sector focus cyclotron (SFC) and a separate sector cyclotron (SSC). SFC was built in 1957. In the past 50 years, the vacuum system of SFC has been upgraded for three times. The vacuum chamber was redesigned to double-deck at the third upgrade. The working pressure in beam chamber was improved from 10-6 mbar to 10-8 mbar. SFC has delivered Pb, Bi and U beams in the past few years since the last upgrading of its vacuum chamber. SSC began to operate in 1987. The vacuum chamber of SSC has a volume of 100m3. 8 cryopumps keep the pressure from 4×10-7 mbar to 8×10-8 mbar depending on the used pump numbers (2~8). In the past 20 years, because of the contamination of oil vapour and leaks occurred in some components inside the SSC vacuum chamber, the vacuum condition has worsened than the beginning. It is a big problem to accelerate the heavier ions. The upgrade for the SSC vacuum system will be an urgent task for us. The rough pumping system of both SFC and SSC will be rebuilt recently. The oil pump units will be changed by large dry mechanical pumps. As a result, the oil vapour in two cyclotrons will be eliminated and the vacuum condition of them will be improved.  
 
MOPCP074 Upgrade of the IBA Cyclone 3D Cyclotron cyclotron, betatron, ion, target 197
 
  • W.J.G.M. Kleeven, M. Abs, E. Forton, B. Nactergal, D. Neuvéglise, T. Servais, S. Zaremba
    IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
  
  There is a need for 15O generator producing a continuous flow of PET tracer without disrupting the schedule of the hospital main cyclotron (usually used for 18F and 11C production) and to promote new emergency room evaluation of brain stroke and ischemic heart attack in PET centers without access to cyclotron short-lived isotopes. To answer, IBA improves the Cyclone 3D, originally developed for this purpose and accelerating D+ ions to more than 3 MeV. In the previous magnet design, vertical focusing is obtained by four straight pole-sectors. The new design has three spiralled pole-sectors. This improves the vertical focusing properties of the machine. Also the main coil and the return yoke are slightly modified. This will increase the extraction energy by about 10% from 3.3 MeV to 3.6 MeV. This new design will improve the transmission in the cyclotron and the extraction efficiency above 80%, using an electrostatic deflector. The goal is to obtain an extracted current of 50 μA with the prototype, then 70 μA for subsequent machines. This represents a doubling of the previous model performance. Results of magnetic field optimization and extraction calculations are presented.  
 
MOPCP075 Cyclotron Vacuum Model and H− Gas Stripping Losses cyclotron, vacuum, ion, target 200
 
  • V. Nuttens, M. Abs, J.L. Delvaux, Y. Jongen, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, L. Medeiros-Romao, M. Mehaudens, T. Servais, T. Vanderlinden, P. Verbruggen
    IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
  
  Many proton cyclotrons take the advantage of stripping for the extraction, by accelerating H− ions. However, before extraction, the negative ion beam can suffer losses from stripping by the residual gas. The higher is the pressure, the higher the losses. Moreover, the stripped beam will be stopped on the inner wall of the cyclotron, inducing an additional degassing and increasing the pressure and hence losses in the cyclotron. For high beam current, degassing can be too large compared to the pumping capacity and the beam transmission can drop down to zero. The pressure inside the cyclotron has therefore a large impact on the current that can be extracted from the cyclotron. A simple model has been set up at IBA to determine the vacuum pressure in the hills and in the valleys of the Cyclone 70 cyclotron. The transmission is then computed by integration of the gas stripping cross-section along the ion orbits in the cyclotron. Pressure and transmission provided by the model are in good agreement with experimental data in the ARRONAX Cyclone 70 cyclotron installed in Nantes.  
 
MOPCP077 Median Plane Effects and Measurement Method for Radial Component of Magnetic Field in AVF Cyclotrons cyclotron, vacuum, alignment, simulation 206
 
  • N.A. Morozov, G.A. Karamysheva
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • P. Shishlyannikov
    JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
  
  The median plane of the magnetic field in AVF cyclotrons rather often does not coincide with the mid-plane of their magnetic system. The idea of an effective median plane formulated by J.I.M.Botman and H.L.Hagedorn [*] for the central region of the cyclotron is extended to the entire working region and tolerances for the horizontal components of the magnetic field are estimated. Equipment based on the search coils is proposed and used for measurement of the radial component of the magnetic field and for correction of the magnetic field median plane.
[*] J.I.M.Botman, H.L.Hagedorn, 'Median Plane Effects in the Eindhoven AVF Cyclotron', IEEE Trans. On Nucl. Science, Vol. NS-28, No.3, p.2128.
 		 
 
MOPCP079 Optimization of Sector Geometry of a Compact Cyclotron by Random Search Method cyclotron, proton, betatron, ion-source 212
 
  • P. Sing Babu, A. Goswami, V.S. Pandit, P.R. Sarma
    DAE/VECC, Calcutta, India
  
  A compact four sector 10 MeV, 5 mA proton cyclotron is being developed at VECC, Kolkata. Proton beam at 80keV from a 2.45 GHz ion source (under testing) will be first collimated and bunched and will be injected axially in the central region where a spiral inflector will place the beam on the orbit. This paper describes the procedure of optimizing the sector geometry of the magnet to obtain the desired isochronous field. Due to fringe field effect, analytical formulae do not predict the correct sector shape particularly at the lower radii in the cases of compact cyclotrons, where hill gap is very small and valley gap is large. Hence a 3D code becomes necessary to obtain the correct shape and size of the magnet sectors. This involves a lengthy iterative procedure of determining the hill angle at a large number of radii. In our procedure magnet sector is described in terms of a small number of parameters which are iteratively determined by random search technique geared to minimize the frequency error. 3D magnetic field data and results of equilibrium orbit code are used as input to the code developed for the optimization.  
 
MOPCP081 Design Study of Magnetic Channel at NIRS-AVF930 cyclotron, proton, simulation, radiation 215
 
  • S. Hojo, T. Honma, M. Kanazawa, N. Miyahara, M. Muramatsu, K. Noda, Y. Sakamoto, A. Sugiura, K. Tashiro
    NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
  • T. Kamiya, T. Okada, Y. Takahashi
    AEC, Chiba, Japan
  
  In the NIRS (National Institute of Radiological Sciences) AVF930 cyclotron, a current magnetic channel has been used for ten years, and the flowing rate of cooling water at longest coil is gradually decreasing. Therefore, the high energy operation such as 70 MeV proton became difficult recently. As the design specification of this magnetic channel is very severe, the flow velocity of cooling water is very fast. The sectional area of the longest coil is expanded in the new design of magnetic channel. Details of the new design and results of calculated magnetic fields are discussed.  
 
MOPCP082 Design Study of AVF Magnet for Compact Cyclotron cyclotron, simulation, proton, vacuum 218
 
  • H.W. Kim, J.-S. Chai, B.N. Lee, J.H. Oh
    SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
  
  K=100 separated sector cyclotron and its injector cyclotron design is started on April, 2010 at Sungkyunkwan University. The main purpose of the K=100 separated sector cyclotron is producing proton and deuteron beam for ISOL which generate rare isotopes to accelerate RI beam for basic science research. In K=100 separated sector cyclotron facilities, two 8 MeV sector focused cyclotrons will be used as an injector cyclotron for the main cyclotron. In this paper, an Azimuthally Varying Field (AVF) magnet for the 8 MeV injector cyclotron is designed to produce 8 MeV proton beam and 4MeV deuteron beam. All field simulations have been performed by OPERA-3D TOSCA for 3D magnetic field simulation. The assignments of these injector cyclotrons are generating 8 MeV, 1 mA proton beam and 4MeV deuteron beam that inject to the main cyclotron.  
 
MOPCP090 Progress in Formation of Single-Pulse Beams by a Chopping System at the JAEA/TIARA facility cyclotron, acceleration, ion, controls 233
 
  • S. Kurashima, I. Ishibori, T. Nara, W. Yokota
    JAEA/TARRI, Gunma-ken, Japan
  • M. Taguchi
    JAEA/QuBS, Takasaki, Japan
  
  The intervals of beam pulses from a cyclotron is generally tens of ns and they are too short for pulse radiolysis experiments which require beam pulses at intervals ranging from 1 μs to 1 ms (single-pulse beam). A chopping system, consisting of two types of high voltage kickers, is used at the JAEA AVF cyclotron to form single-pulse beam. The first kicker installed in the injection line generates beam pulses with repetition period of 1 μs to 1 ms. The pulse width is about a cycle length of the acceleration frequency. The other kicker in the transport line thins out needless beam pulses caused by multi-turn extraction. We could not provide single-pulse beam stably over 30 min since the magnetic field of the cyclotron gradually decreased by 0.01 % and the number of multi-turn extraction increased. The magnetic field was stabilized within 0.001 % by keeping temperature of the cyclotron magnet constant. In addition, a new technique to measure and control an acceleration phase has enabled us to reduce the number of multi-turn extraction easier than before. We have succeeded to provide single-pulse beam of a 320 MeV carbon without retuning of the cyclotron over 4 h, as a result.  
 
MOPCP091 Status of Beam Diagnostic Components for Superconducting Cyclotron at Kolkata diagnostics, cyclotron, controls, injection 236
 
  • G.P. Pal, R.K. Bhandari, S. Bhattacharya, T. Bhattacharyya, T. Das, C. Mallik, S. Roy
    DAE/VECC, Calcutta, India
  
  VEC Centre Kolkata has constructed a K500 superconducting cyclotron (SCC). Several beam diagnostic components have been designed, fabricated and installed in SCC. In the low energy beam line, uncooled slits, faraday cup, beam viewers, and collimators are used. The inflector is also operated in a faraday cup mode to measure the beam inside SCC. The radial probe and viewer probe are respectively used to measure beam current and to observe the beam size and shape inside SCC. The magnetic channels, electro-static deflectors and M9 slit are also used to measure beam current at the extraction radius. Water cooled faraday cup and beam viewers are used in the external beam line. The radius of curvature of the radial probe track was reduced to align the internal and external track during its assembly. It was observed that the probe did not functioning properly during beam trials. Different modifications were incorporated. But, problem with the probe persisted. The paper describes the beam diagnostic components used in the cyclotron, discusses the problems faced in operating the radial probe, modifications tried and outlines the future steps planned to operate the beam diagnostic components.  
 
MOPCP093 Beam Extraction System and External Beam Line of Kolkata Superconducting Cyclotron cyclotron, optics, quadrupole, target 242
 
  • J. Debnath, S. Bhattacharya, T. Bhattacharyya, U. Bhunia, P.S. Chakraborty, M.K. Dey, C. Mallik, Z.A. Naser, G.P. Pal, S. Paul, J. Pradhan
    DAE/VECC, Calcutta, India
  
  All the major components of the extraction system of the Kolkata superconducting cyclotron are installed and functional. It includes the Electrostatic deflectors, magnetic channels, M9 slit etc. Internal beam acceleration has already been done successfully and now we are on the verge of extracting and transporting the beam to the cave. The external beam transport system has been designed comprising of quadrupole magnets, steering magnets, switching magnets, beam diagnostics etc. One of the four beam lines has been installed, which extends 20 meters up to the experimental cave - 1. Control and monitoring system for all these components have been developed and tested. All the beam dynamical and technical aspects of the beam extraction and beam transportation have been discussed in this paper.  
 
MOPCP095 Experiment and Analysis: Partial Loss of Insulation Vacuum in K-500 Superconducting Cyclotron During Energization vacuum, cyclotron, superconducting-magnet, controls 248
 
  • P. Bhattacharyya, M. Ahammed, S. Bandyopadhyay, R.K. Bhandari, U. Bhunia, J. Chaudhuri, A. De, A. Dutta Gupta, C. Mallik, A. Mukherjee, C. Nandi, U. Panda, S. Saha, S. Saha
    DAE/VECC, Calcutta, India
  
  At higher currents in superconducting coil of K-500 Superconducting cyclotron, it was found that the insulation vacuum surrounding the LHe vessel gets worsen with increased current in the coil,finally leading to slow dump of power of the coil. This is a limitation for further increasing current value in the superconducting magnet coil. But once the current value returned to zero, vacuum reading reaches its initial value. Experiment & analysis have been done to quantify the contribution of molecular gas conduction on heat load because of this partial loss of insulation vacuum. Experiment was done to quantify how much betterment in terms of heat load is possible by incorporating additional vacuum pump. The cryostat safety analysis because of loss of insulation vacuum has become very important at this new scenario. Analysis has been done to know what could be the maximum pressure rise with time in case of loss of vacuum. This data has been used to know what should be the relieving mass flow rate to avoid any pressure burst accident. Finally this data has been compared with the existing relief valve. It is found that the existing safety system can take care of such incident.  
 
MOPCP101 Beam Extraction System of Compact Cyclotron cyclotron, emittance, simulation, ion 256
 
  • H.F. Hao, K.D. Man, M.T. Song, Y.L. Su, B. Wang, Q.G. Yao, H.W. Zhao
    IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
  
  Based on the beam orbit and dynamics simulations, the extraction system of a compact cyclotron is determined, and the beam parameters of the extracted beam are calculated.  
 
MOPCP102 Transmission Efficiency Study of SSC injection, simulation, ion, heavy-ion 258
 
  • H.F. Hao, J.F. Gao, Q.X. Guo, G.H. Han, A.P. Li, X.M. Su, A.J. Wang, S.X. Wang, C.L. Xie, J.J. Yang, W.Q. Yang, Y.P. Yang, H.W. Zhao
    IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
  
  The transmission efficiency of HIFIL-SSC had been studied. We found the main reasons of the lower transmission efficiency, and some advices was put forward to improve the transmission efficiency.  
 
MOPCP106 Beam-Phase Measurement System for HIRFL cyclotron, controls, shielding, ion 263
 
  • J.H. Zheng, W. Liu, W. Ma, R.S. Mao, Y. Wang, J.X. Wu, Y. Yin
    IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
  
  The beam phase measurement system in HIRFL is introduced. The system had been improved using RF-signal mixing and filtering techniques and noise cancellation method. Therefore,the influence of strongly RF field disturbing signal was eliminated and the signal to noise rate was increased, and a stable and sensitive phase measurement system was developed. The phase history of the ion beam was detected by using 15 set of capacitive pick-up probes installed in the SSC cyclotron. The phase information of the measurement was necessary for tuning purposes to obtain an optimized isochronous magnetic field, where the beam intensity was increased and the beam quality was optimized . The measuremnet results before and after isochronous magnetic field for ion and ion in SSC was given . The phase measurement system was reliable by optimizing isochronous magnetic field test,and the precision reached ±0.5°,the sensitivity of the beam signal measurement was about 10nA as well.  
 
MOPCP108 Design of High Energy Hadron FFAGs for ADSR and other Applications proton, ion, injection, lattice 269
 
  • B. Qin, Y. Mori, T. Planche
    KURRI, Osaka, Japan
  • K. Okabe
    University of Fukui, Faculty of Engineering, Fukui, Japan
  
  Design study of high energy proton FFAG accelerator has been carried out at Kyoto University Research Reactor for the next generation ADSR experiment where the proton beam energy covers up to 700 MeV. The scaling type of FFAG with spiral sectors was employed. Details of the design, especially on the operational working points and dynamic apertures are described in this paper. Also, some possibility to apply this design to hadron therapy accelerators is presented.  
 
TUM1CIO01 Towards the 2MW Cyclotron and Latest Developments at PSI cyclotron, proton, target, scattering 275
 
  • M. Seidel
    PSI, Villigen, Switzerland
  
  PSI operates a cyclotron based high intensity proton accelerator routinely at an average beam power of 1.3MW. With this power the facility is at the worldwide forefront of high intensity proton accelerators. An upgrade program is under way to ensure high operational reliability and push the intensity to even higher levels. The beam current is practically limited by losses at extraction and the resulting activation of accelerator components. Further intensity upgrades are only possible if the relative losses can be lowered in proportion, thus keeping absolute losses at a constant level. The basic upgrade path involves the reduction of space charge induced extraction losses by implementing improved RF systems and resonators in both cyclotrons. The paper describes the ongoing upgrade program, achievements that were realized since the last cyclotron conference and several operational experiences and difficulties that were observed during routine operation.  
slides icon Slides TUM1CIO01 [8.697 MB]  
 
TUM1CCO03 Reliable Production of Multiple High Intensity Beams with the 500 MeV TRIUMF Cyclotron cyclotron, injection, emittance, ion 280
 
  • R.A. Baartman, F.W. Bach, I.V. Bylinskii, J.F. Cessford, G. Dutto, D.T. Gray, A. Hurst, K. Jayamanna, M. Mouat, Y.-N. Rao, W.R. Rawnsley, L.W. Root, R. Ruegg, V.A. Verzilov
    TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada
  
  In 2001, after 25 years of smooth cyclotron operation with up to ~200 μA H¯ acceleration, developments towards higher intensities became compelling because of the ISAC expansion. Recently average current of 300 μA, within a nominal ~90% duty cycle, was routinely achieved. Beam availability was 90-94% over the last five years. Development highlights are discussed in the paper. These include: ion source and beam transport re-optimized for this cyclotron acceptance; the 12 m long vertical injection line section was redesigned to accommodate higher space charge. In the centre region, a water cooled beam scraper was installed to absorb unwanted phases; other electrodes were realigned. Other activities were aimed at beam stability enhancement for ISAC. This included: reducing νr = 3/2 resonance effects at 420 MeV, stabilizing the intensity of the primary beam through pulser feedback regulation and improving beam quality at the target through beam optics optimization and target position stability feedback, etc. Extraction was also improved, using special stripping foils.  
slides icon Slides TUM1CCO03 [1.882 MB]  
 
TUM2CCO02 First Beam Acceleration in Kolkata Superconducting Cyclotron and Its Present Status cyclotron, vacuum, ion, ion-source 292
 
  • C. Mallik, R.K. Bhandari
    DAE/VECC, Calcutta, India
  
  Major systems of the superconducting cyclotron at Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre (VECC), Kolkata were functional and integrated by May 2009. After achieving the required acceleration condition internal beam trials were started in July 2009. First internal beam was observed on borescope viewer on August 14th. Ne3+ beam at 14 MHz was accelerated to full extraction radius and nuclear reaction observed on August 25th. The trials were not without difficulty and several problems did crop up during the initial phase. Major problems encountered were related to obtaining sufficient dee voltages primarily due to ceramic insulator degradation leading to vacuum breakdown. Earlier the 14 GHz ECR ion source was connected with injection line without much difficulty. The cyclotron magnet with the cryostat has been running smoothly and quite a valuable experience has been gained over the years. An analogue beam was also accelerated before taking a shutdown for installation of extraction system and augmentation of cryogenic plant. Very soon beam extraction and transportation to the experimental area will be started.  
slides icon Slides TUM2CCO02 [5.726 MB]  
 
TUA1CIO01 A Multi MegaWatt Cyclotron Complex to Search for CP Violation in the Neutrino Sector cyclotron, proton, injection, electron 298
 
  • L. Calabretta, M.M. Maggiore, L.A.C. Piazza, D. Rifuggiato
    INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
  
  Funding: I.N.F.N., Laboratorio Nazionale del Sud, Catania, Italy
Scientists of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) proposed a new approach to search for CP violation in the neutrino sector *. They proposed to use high-power proton accelerators able to deliver a proton beam whit energy 800 MeV, 1.5 MW power and duty cycle of 20% (100 μs beam on, 400 μs beam off). In the past, a layout for a similar accelerator complex to get a proton beam with 10MW of power was proposed by the LNS Accelerator Team **. This previous machines' proposal is now updated to meet the MIT requirements. It consists in a two cascade cyclotron complex. The injector cyclotron, is a four sector machine, which accelerates a beam of H2+ up to energy of 35 MeV/n. The extraction radius is set around 130 cm and the energy gain is fixed at 1.1 MeV/turn, to obtain a turn separation of about 11 mm and then to make very efficient the extraction by the electrostatic deflector. The beam is then injected inside a 8 sectors Superconducting Cyclotron Ring. The energy gain is set at about 3 MeV/turn to reduce the number of turns inside the Ring cyclotron. The beam is extracted by the stripper method. The main characteristics and features of the machines will be presented.
* J. M. Conrad and M. H. Shaevitz, "Multiple Cyclotron Method to Search for CP violation in the Neutrino Sector", Phys. Rev.Lett. 104:141802, 2010
** L. Calabretta et Al., EPAC(2000),pp.918 		 
slides icon Slides TUA1CIO01 [2.341 MB]  
 
TUA2CIO01 Progress on Construction of CYCIAE-100 vacuum, controls, ion, site 308
 
  • T.J. Zhang, Z.G. Li, Y.L. Lu
    CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  
  As a driving accelerator for RIB production, CYCIAE-100 will provide proton beam of 75MeV~100MeV with an intensity of 200 μA~500 μA. The design for each system has been accomplished and about 50% of fabricating work has been finished. The main magnet manufacture has entered the fine machining stage. Two main magnet coils have been completed, two 100 kW RF power supplies and transmission lines are tested with full output power, and the main vacuum chamber and main magnet elevating system will be completed soon. The construction designs and market surveys for other systems are finished and ready for purchase. Some key design and technology experiments are in process and significant results have been achieved in verifications. The Comprehensive Test Stand (CRM) has successfully passed the authoritative certification, and an important progress has been made for a full scale experimental RF cavity and its frequency and Q value measured agree well with the numerical data. The certification test of vacuum cryo-panel structure has been finished with valuable information to cryo-panel design. Key technical problems related to CYCIAE-100 are being solved along with the progress.  
slides icon Slides TUA2CIO01 [11.584 MB]  
 
TUA2CCO03 Design and Construction Progress of a 7 MeV/u Cyclotron cyclotron, ion, injection, ion-source 317
 
  • B. Wang, D.Q. Gao, H.F. Hao, L.Z. Ma, K.D. Man, M.T. Song, X.W. Wang, X.T. Yang, Q.G. Yao, Z.M. You, J.Q. Zhang, S.H. Zhang, X.Q. Zhang, H.W. Zhao
    IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
  
  The 7MeV/u cyclotron accelerates carbon ions with mass number 12, 5+ charges, the extraction energy of carbon ions is 7 MeV/u, and the beam current density is designed to be 10 eμA. It designed as injector for the HITFiL (Heavy Ions Therapy Facility in LanZhou) synchrotron, which accelerates carbon ions to the energy 300 MeV/u for tumors treatment. Computer modeling results on the axial injection, magnetic, accelerating and extraction systems of the cyclotron are given. Design of the main systems of the cyclotron and the results of beam dynamic simulations are introduced. The construction progress including the ECR ion source, the axial injection beam line, the magnet, the RF system, the vacuum system etc. will be described respectively.  
slides icon Slides TUA2CCO03 [1.679 MB]  
 
WEM1CIO02 28 GHz SC-ECRIS at RIBF ion, ion-source, plasma, heavy-ion 321
 
  • T. Nakagawa
    RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
  
  The next generation heavy ion accelerator facility (RIBF) for production of intense RI beam requires great variety of high charged heavy ions with higher beam intensity than currently available. In the last decade, performance of the ECR ion sources has been dramatically improved with increasing the magnetic field and RF frequency to enhance the density, confinement time of plasma and electron temperature. Furthermore, the effects of the key components (magnetic field configuration, gas pressure etc) of the ion source on the ECR plasma have been revealed. Such basic studies give us how to optimize the ion source structure. Based on these studies and superconducting technology, several SC-ECRISs with higher microwave frequency (>20 GHz) were constructed. In this contribution, I present status of SC-ECRIS for RIBF, how to increase the beam intensity to meet the requirements, and the technology of the SC-ECRIS with 28GHz microwave.  
slides icon Slides WEM1CIO02 [4.179 MB]  
 
WEM2CIO01 High Power RF Systems and Resonators for Sector Cyclotrons cyclotron, proton, simulation, pick-up 332
 
  • L. Stingelin, M. Bopp, M. Broennimann, J. Cherix, H. Fitze, M. Schneider, W. Tron
    PSI, Villigen, Switzerland
  
  In the framework of the high intensity upgrade of the PSI proton accelerator facility, it is planned to replace two existing 150 MHz resonators of the injector II cyclotron by two new 50 MHz resonators. The first prototype resonator has been manufactured by SDMS and first vacuum- and LLRF-tests were carried out. Tuners, coupler and pickups were mounted and high power RF tests are in progress at the teststand. A new building for the RF installation has been built and is ready to house the power amplifiers and LLRF-systems.  
slides icon Slides WEM2CIO01 [3.497 MB]  
 
FRM1CIO03 IBA-JINR 400 MeV/u Superconducting Cyclotron for Hadron Therapy cyclotron, ion, proton, resonance 404
 
  • N.A. Morozov, V. Aleksandrov, S. Gurskiy, G.A. Karamysheva, N.Yu. Kazarinov, S.A. Kostromin, E. Samsonov, V. Shevtsov, G. Shirkov, E. Syresin, A. Tuzikov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • M. Abs, A. Blondin, Y. Jongen, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, D. Vandeplassche, S. Zaremba
    IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
  • O. Karamyshev
    JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
  
  The compact superconducting isochronous cyclotron C400 [1] has been designed by the IBA-JINR collaboration. It will be the first cyclotron in the world capable of delivering protons, carbon and helium ions for cancer treatment. The cyclotron construction is started this year within the framework of the ARCHADE project [2] (Caen, France). 12C6+ and 4He2+ ions will be accelerated to 400 MeV/u energy and extracted by the electrostatic deflector, H2+ ions will be accelerated to the energy of 265 MeV/u and extracted by stripping. The magnet yoke has a diameter of 6.6 m, the total weight of the magnet is about 700 t. The designed magnetic field corresponds to 4.5 T in the hills and 2.45 T in the valleys. Superconducting coils will be enclosed in a cryostat; all other parts of the cyclotron will be warm. Three external ion sources will be mounted on the switching magnet on the injection line located below the cyclotron. The main parameters of the cyclotron, its design, the current status of the development work on the cyclotron systems are presented.
[1] Y.Jongen et al, 'IBA C400 Cyclotron Project for Hadron Therapy', The 18th International Conference on Cyclotrons and their Applications Cyclotrons 2007, Italy 2007.
[2] http://archade.fr/
 		 
slides icon Slides FRM1CIO03 [1.996 MB]  
 
FRM1CIO04 Fast Scanning Techniques for Cancer Therapy with Hadrons - a Domain of Cyclotrons cyclotron, proton, ion, synchrotron 410
 
  • J.M. Schippers
    PSI, Villigen, Switzerland
  
  In protontherapy fast 3D pencil beam scanning is regarded as the most optimal dose delivery method. The two transverse directions are covered by magnetic scanning and fast depth variations are achieved by changing beam energy with a degrader in the beam line. During the transversal scan the beam intensity is varied with kHz speed. This performance has a big impact on the accelerator concept. Routinely a very stable, reproducible and accurate beam intensity is needed, which is adjustable within a ms. Quick changes of the maximum intensity from the cyclotron are also needed when changing treatment room. The eye treatment room at PSI, for example, needs a 5-7 times higher intensity as the Gantry. Dedicated tools and setup procedures are used to switch area within a few seconds. Typical energy variations must be performed within 50-80 ms. In order to compensate the energy dependent variation (factor 100) of the transmission through the degrader it is convenient to compensate this, e.g. with an adjustable beam transport transmission or with Dee voltage. It will be shown that a cyclotron offers the most advantageous possibilities to achieve this ambitious performance.  
slides icon Slides FRM1CIO04 [9.164 MB]  
 
FRM2CIO02 Medical Cyclotron and Development in China cyclotron, ion, heavy-ion, ion-source 425
 
  • M. Fan
    HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
  
  The first medical cyclotron CYCIAE-30 in China was designed and constructed by China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE), and its construction was finished in 1994. Since then on, medical cyclotron got developed in China, several cyclotrons had been constructed, and some medical experiments and practice had been done with those cyclotrons. Now medical cyclotron develops even quickly in china, several medical cyclotrons are under design and construction. In the meantime, a compact cyclotron virtual prototyping was developed to help the cyclotron design and reduce cyclotron R & D cost.  
slides icon Slides FRM2CIO02 [4.205 MB]