CYCLOTRONS 2010 - List of Keywords (synchrotron)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOPCP010	Activities at the COSY/Jülich Injector Cyclotron JULIC	target, cyclotron, polarization, hadron	63
	R. Gebel, R. Brings, O. Felden, R. Maier FZJ, Jülich, Germany
	The institute for nuclear physics at the Forschungszentrum Jülich is dedicated to fundamental research in the field of hadron, particle, and nuclear physics. Main activities are the development of the HESR synchrotron, part of the GSI FAIR project, the 3.7 GeV/c Cooler Synchrotron COSY-Jülich with the injector cyclotron JULIC, as well as the design, preparation, and operation of experimental facilities at this large scale facility, and theoretical investigations accompanying the scientific research program. The operation and development of the accelerator facility COSY is based upon the availability and performance of the isochronous cyclotron JULIC as the pre-accelerator. The cyclotron is commissioned in 1968 and exceeded 240 000 hours of operation. In parallel to the operation of COSY the cyclotron beam is also used for irradiation and nuclide production. A brief overview of activities, performance, new and improved installations will be presented.

MOPCP085	Application of HTS Wire to Magnets	dipole, superconductivity, resonance, coupling	224
	K. Hatanaka, M. Fukuda, T. Yorita RCNP, Osaka, Japan T. Kawaguchi KT Science Ltd., Akashi, Japan K. Noda NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan Y. Sakemi CYRIC, Sendai, Japan
	We are developing magnets with High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) wire. A scanning magnet was designed, fabricated, and tested for its suitability as beam scanner. After successful cooling tests, the magnet performance was studied using DC and AC currents. In AC mode, the magnet was operated at frequencies of 30-59 Hz and a temperature of 77 K as well as 10-20 Hz and 20 K. The power loss dissipated in the coils was measured and compared with the model calculations. The observed loss per cycle was independent of the frequency and the scaling law of the excitation current was consistent with theoretical predictions for hysteretic losses in HTS wires. A 3 T dipole maget is under fablication now.

THA1CIO03	Innovations in Fixed-Field Accelerators: Design and Simulation	focusing, cyclotron, acceleration, controls	389
	C. Johnstone Fermilab, Batavia, USA M. Berz, K. Makino MSU, East Lansing, Michigan, USA S.R. Koscielniak TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada P. Snopok UCR, Riverside, California, USA
	The drive for high beam power, high duty cycle, and reliable beams has focused world interest on fixed field accelerators, notably Fixed-field Alternating Gradient accelerators (FFAGs) ' with cyclotrons representing a specific class of fixed-field accelerators. Recently, the concept of isochronous orbits has been developed for nonscaling FFAGs using new methodologies in FFAG design. The property of isochronous orbits enables the simplicity of fixed RF and, by tailoring a nonlinear radial field profile, the FFAG is isochronous well into the relativistic regime. The machine proposed here has the high current advantage and duty cycle of the cyclotron in combination with the strong focusing, smaller losses, and energy variability that are more typical of the synchrotron. Further, compact high-performance devices are often are operated in a regime where space charge effects become significant, but are complicated to analyze in fixed-field accelerators because of the cross talk between beams at different nearby radii. A new space charge simulation approach is under development in the code COSY INFINITY. This presentation reports on advances in FFAG accelerator design and simulation.
	Slides THA1CIO03 [1.527 MB]

THA1CCO04	Cyclotron and FFAG Studies Using Cyclotron Codes	cyclotron, focusing, lattice, proton	395
	M.K. Craddock UBC & TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Y.-N. Rao TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada
	This paper describes the use of cyclotron codes to study the beam dynamics of both high-energy isochronous cyclotrons using AG focusing and non-scaling (NS) FFAGs. The equilibrium orbit code CYCLOPS determines orbits, tunes and period at fixed energies, while the general orbit code GOBLIN tracks a representative bunch of particles through the acceleration process. The results for radial-sector cyclotrons show that the use of negative valley fields allows axial focusing to be maintained, and hence intense cw beams to be accelerated, to energies ≈10 GeV. The results for FFAGs confirm those obtained with lumped-element codes, and suggest that cyclotron codes will prove to be important tools for evaluating the measured fields of FFAG magnets.
	Slides THA1CCO04 [1.750 MB]

FRM1CIO01	Review on Cyclotrons for Cancer Therapy	proton, cyclotron, ion, hadron	398
	Y. Jongen IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
	The science and technology of proton and carbon therapy was initially developed in national and university laboratories. The first hospital based proton therapy facility was built at Loma Linda University with the help from Fermilab. After this initial phase, and starting with the tender for the proton therapy system at MGH, many proton and carbon beam facilities have been ordered from industry and built. Industrially made proton and carbon therapy facilities represent today the vast majority of the installed base.
	Slides FRM1CIO01 [2.015 MB]

FRM1CIO04	Fast Scanning Techniques for Cancer Therapy with Hadrons - a Domain of Cyclotrons	cyclotron, proton, extraction, ion	410
	J.M. Schippers PSI, Villigen, Switzerland
	In protontherapy fast 3D pencil beam scanning is regarded as the most optimal dose delivery method. The two transverse directions are covered by magnetic scanning and fast depth variations are achieved by changing beam energy with a degrader in the beam line. During the transversal scan the beam intensity is varied with kHz speed. This performance has a big impact on the accelerator concept. Routinely a very stable, reproducible and accurate beam intensity is needed, which is adjustable within a ms. Quick changes of the maximum intensity from the cyclotron are also needed when changing treatment room. The eye treatment room at PSI, for example, needs a 5-7 times higher intensity as the Gantry. Dedicated tools and setup procedures are used to switch area within a few seconds. Typical energy variations must be performed within 50-80 ms. In order to compensate the energy dependent variation (factor 100) of the transmission through the degrader it is convenient to compensate this, e.g. with an adjustable beam transport transmission or with Dee voltage. It will be shown that a cyclotron offers the most advantageous possibilities to achieve this ambitious performance.
	Slides FRM1CIO04 [9.164 MB]

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOPCP010

Activities at the COSY/Jülich Injector Cyclotron JULIC

target, cyclotron, polarization, hadron

63

R. Gebel, R. Brings, O. Felden, R. Maier
FZJ, Jülich, Germany

The institute for nuclear physics at the Forschungszentrum Jülich is dedicated to fundamental research in the field of hadron, particle, and nuclear physics. Main activities are the development of the HESR synchrotron, part of the GSI FAIR project, the 3.7 GeV/c Cooler Synchrotron COSY-Jülich with the injector cyclotron JULIC, as well as the design, preparation, and operation of experimental facilities at this large scale facility, and theoretical investigations accompanying the scientific research program. The operation and development of the accelerator facility COSY is based upon the availability and performance of the isochronous cyclotron JULIC as the pre-accelerator. The cyclotron is commissioned in 1968 and exceeded 240 000 hours of operation. In parallel to the operation of COSY the cyclotron beam is also used for irradiation and nuclide production. A brief overview of activities, performance, new and improved installations will be presented.

MOPCP085

Application of HTS Wire to Magnets

dipole, superconductivity, resonance, coupling

224

K. Hatanaka, M. Fukuda, T. Yorita
RCNP, Osaka, Japan
T. Kawaguchi
KT Science Ltd., Akashi, Japan
K. Noda
NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
Y. Sakemi
CYRIC, Sendai, Japan

We are developing magnets with High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) wire. A scanning magnet was designed, fabricated, and tested for its suitability as beam scanner. After successful cooling tests, the magnet performance was studied using DC and AC currents. In AC mode, the magnet was operated at frequencies of 30-59 Hz and a temperature of 77 K as well as 10-20 Hz and 20 K. The power loss dissipated in the coils was measured and compared with the model calculations. The observed loss per cycle was independent of the frequency and the scaling law of the excitation current was consistent with theoretical predictions for hysteretic losses in HTS wires. A 3 T dipole maget is under fablication now.

THA1CIO03

Innovations in Fixed-Field Accelerators: Design and Simulation

focusing, cyclotron, acceleration, controls

389

C. Johnstone
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
M. Berz, K. Makino
MSU, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
S.R. Koscielniak
TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada
P. Snopok
UCR, Riverside, California, USA

The drive for high beam power, high duty cycle, and reliable beams has focused world interest on fixed field accelerators, notably Fixed-field Alternating Gradient accelerators (FFAGs) ' with cyclotrons representing a specific class of fixed-field accelerators. Recently, the concept of isochronous orbits has been developed for nonscaling FFAGs using new methodologies in FFAG design. The property of isochronous orbits enables the simplicity of fixed RF and, by tailoring a nonlinear radial field profile, the FFAG is isochronous well into the relativistic regime. The machine proposed here has the high current advantage and duty cycle of the cyclotron in combination with the strong focusing, smaller losses, and energy variability that are more typical of the synchrotron. Further, compact high-performance devices are often are operated in a regime where space charge effects become significant, but are complicated to analyze in fixed-field accelerators because of the cross talk between beams at different nearby radii. A new space charge simulation approach is under development in the code COSY INFINITY. This presentation reports on advances in FFAG accelerator design and simulation.

Slides THA1CIO03 [1.527 MB]

THA1CCO04

Cyclotron and FFAG Studies Using Cyclotron Codes

cyclotron, focusing, lattice, proton

395

M.K. Craddock
UBC & TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Y.-N. Rao
TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada

This paper describes the use of cyclotron codes to study the beam dynamics of both high-energy isochronous cyclotrons using AG focusing and non-scaling (NS) FFAGs. The equilibrium orbit code CYCLOPS determines orbits, tunes and period at fixed energies, while the general orbit code GOBLIN tracks a representative bunch of particles through the acceleration process. The results for radial-sector cyclotrons show that the use of negative valley fields allows axial focusing to be maintained, and hence intense cw beams to be accelerated, to energies ≈10 GeV. The results for FFAGs confirm those obtained with lumped-element codes, and suggest that cyclotron codes will prove to be important tools for evaluating the measured fields of FFAG magnets.

Slides THA1CCO04 [1.750 MB]

FRM1CIO01

Review on Cyclotrons for Cancer Therapy

proton, cyclotron, ion, hadron

398

Y. Jongen
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

The science and technology of proton and carbon therapy was initially developed in national and university laboratories. The first hospital based proton therapy facility was built at Loma Linda University with the help from Fermilab. After this initial phase, and starting with the tender for the proton therapy system at MGH, many proton and carbon beam facilities have been ordered from industry and built. Industrially made proton and carbon therapy facilities represent today the vast majority of the installed base.

Slides FRM1CIO01 [2.015 MB]

FRM1CIO04

Fast Scanning Techniques for Cancer Therapy with Hadrons - a Domain of Cyclotrons

cyclotron, proton, extraction, ion

410

J.M. Schippers
PSI, Villigen, Switzerland

In protontherapy fast 3D pencil beam scanning is regarded as the most optimal dose delivery method. The two transverse directions are covered by magnetic scanning and fast depth variations are achieved by changing beam energy with a degrader in the beam line. During the transversal scan the beam intensity is varied with kHz speed. This performance has a big impact on the accelerator concept. Routinely a very stable, reproducible and accurate beam intensity is needed, which is adjustable within a ms. Quick changes of the maximum intensity from the cyclotron are also needed when changing treatment room. The eye treatment room at PSI, for example, needs a 5-7 times higher intensity as the Gantry. Dedicated tools and setup procedures are used to switch area within a few seconds. Typical energy variations must be performed within 50-80 ms. In order to compensate the energy dependent variation (factor 100) of the transmission through the degrader it is convenient to compensate this, e.g. with an adjustable beam transport transmission or with Dee voltage. It will be shown that a cyclotron offers the most advantageous possibilities to achieve this ambitious performance.

Slides FRM1CIO04 [9.164 MB]