CYCLOTRONS 2010 - List of Keywords (controls)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOA2CCO02	Current Status of the Cyclotron Facilities and Future Projects at iThemba Labs	cyclotron, ion, vacuum, proton	42
	J.L. Conradie, L.S. Anthony, A.H. Botha, M.A. Crombie, J.G. De Villiers, J.L.G. Delsink, W. Duckitt, D.T. Fourie, M.E. Hogan, I.H. Kohler, C. Lussi, R.H. McAlister, H.W. Mostert, S.S. Ntshangase, J.V. Pilcher, P.F. Rohwer, M. Sakildien, N. Stodart, R.W. Thomae, M.J. Van Niekerk, D. de Villiers, P.A. van Schalkwyk iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa C. Böhme UniDo/IBS, Dortmund, Germany J. Dietrich FZJ, Jülich, Germany Z. Kormány ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary
	For nearly 25 years the cyclotron facilities at iThemba LABS have been utilized for radioisotope production, nuclear physics research, and proton and neutron therapy. The aging systems require continual upgrading and replacement to limit interruptions to the scheduled beam delivery. The distributed computer control system is being migrated to a system running on the EPICS platform. The analogue low-level RF control systems will be replaced with digital systems. The Minimafios ECR ion source has been replaced with an ECR source from the former Hahn Meitner Institute and a second source, based on the design of the Grenoble test source, will be commissioned later this year. To increase the production of radio-isotopes, the 66 MeV proton beam is split to deliver beam simultaneously to two production targets. The first result with the beam splitter will be reported. A beam phase measurement system comprising 21 fixed probes has been installed in the separated sector cyclotron. Progress with these projects and the status of the facilities will be presented. Proposals for new facilities for proton therapy and for acceleration of radioactive beams will also be discussed.
	Slides MOA2CCO02 [4.496 MB]

MOPCP008	Control System of Cryogenic Plant for Superconducting Cyclotron at VECC	cyclotron, cryogenics, monitoring, superconducting-magnet	57
	U. Panda, T. Bhattacharjee, R. Dey, A. Mandal, S. Pal DAE/VECC, Calcutta, India
	Cryogenic Plant of Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre consists of two Helium refrigerators (250 W and 415 W @ 4.5K), valve box with sub-cooler and associated sub systems like pure gas storage, helium purifier and impure gas recovery etc. The system also consists of 3.1K liters of liquid Nitrogen (LN2) storage and delivery system. The plant is designed to cater the cryogenic requirements of the Superconducting Cyclotron. The control system is fully automated and does not require any human intervention once it is started. EPICS architecture has been adopted to design the SCADA module. The EPICS Input Output Controller (IOC) communicates with four Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) over Ethernet based control LAN to control/monitor 618 numbers of field inputs/ outputs. The plant is running very reliably round the clock, however, the historical data trending of important parameters during plant operation has been integrated to the system for plant maintenance and easy diagnosis. The 400 kVA UPS with 10 minutes back up time have been installed to keep the cryogenic system running with one 160 kW cycle compressor during utility power interruptions.

MOPCP009	Development of Power Supplies for 3-Ф, 240 kW RF System with Crowbar Protection for Superconducting Cyclotron at VECC	power-supply, cyclotron, monitoring, coupling	60
	S.K. Thakur, R.K. Bhandari, A. De, Y. Kumar, J.S.P. Prasad, S. Saha, S.S. Som, T.P. Tiwari DAE/VECC, Calcutta, India
	RF system of K-500 super conducting cyclotron at VECC is a complex three phase system operating in the frequency range of 9 MHz to 27 MHz with maximum acceleration potential of around 100 kV feeding to each of three Dee cavities placed in median plane of cyclotron 120° apart through coupling capacitors. Each phase consists of chain of amplifiers and resonator operating in synchronization and at final stage of each phase, a high power water cooled Tetrode Tube (Eimac 4CW 150,000 E) as an RF high power amplifier each capable of delivering 80 kW of RF power. Individual power supplies for biasing Anode (20 kV, 22 Amp), Filament (16 V, 225 Amp), Screen (1600 V, 1 Amp) and grid (-500 V, 0.1 Amp) each for all three high power Tetrode Tubes are designed, developed and commissioned indigenously in VECC Cyclotron building and have been in operation from last few months successfully. Anode supply is common to all three tubes, rated at 20 kV, 22 Amp, 450 kW along with fast acting crowbar protection using Ignitron. This paper describes about the technical challenges in the development of the power supplies and special features of protection systems.

MOPCP011	25 Years of Continuous Operation of the Seattle Clinical Cyclotron Facility	cyclotron, target, isotope-production, radiation	66
	R. Risler, S.P. Banerian, J.G. Douglas, R.C. Emery, I.J. Kalet, G.E. Laramore, D.D. Reid University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, USA
	The clinical cyclotron facility at the University of Washington Medical Center has now been in continuous operation for over 25 years. It is highly reliable, and its primary use is still for fast neutron therapy, mostly for salivary gland tumors. Neutron therapy accounts for about 85% of the facility use time. In cases where the tumor involves the base of the skull, significant improvements of patient outcome have been achieved by combining the neutron treatment with a gamma knife boost to areas where the neutron dose is limited by adjacent healthy tissue. Production of 211-At and 117m-Sn with alpha particles at 29.0 and 47.3 MeV and currents between 50 and 70 μA have become routine. These isotopes are used in medical applications presently under development. The introduction of a new control system using EPICS (Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System) is progressing systematically. All the user interfaces are up and running, and several accelerator subsystems have been migrated to the new controls. No interruption of therapy or isotope production operation is planned for the conversion to the new control system.

MOPCP013	Magnetic Field Calculation and Magnet Shimming Simulation for the CYCHU-10 Cyclotron	cyclotron, extraction, simulation, ion-source	69
	Z. Chen, D.Z. Chen, K.F. Liu, B. Qin HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
	The compact internal ion source cyclotron CYCHU-10 developed in Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) is in magnet machining, and will be assembled soon later. Difference between the ideal computation and practical measurement of the magnetic field is an important reference for magnet shimming. So in this paper, a further study on magnet field computation using FEM is implemented. By giving diverse boundaries and grid meshes, a quarter and a half models are both calculated to make sure correctness of the ideal model. Besides, the research on magnet shimming is also carried out. A new shim tool based on an improved matrix method combining the multiple linear regression is developed to simulate the practical shimming process. With the aid of 3D finite element code and beam dynamics code, an iterative shimming process has been accomplished successfully. The results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the shim tool.

MOPCP015	Status of the HZB# Cyclotron: Eye Tumour Therapy in Berlin	proton, cyclotron, ion, rfq	75
	A. Denker, C.R. Rethfeldt, J.R. Röhrich HZB, Berlin, Germany D. Cordini, J. Heufelder, R. Stark, A. Weber Charite, Berlin, Germany
	The ion beam laboratory ISL at the Hahn-Meitner-Institut Berlin supplied light to heavy ions for solid state physics and medicine. Since 1998, eye tumours are treated with protons together with the University Hospital Benjamin Franklin, Charité. In 12/2006, ISL was closed and a Charité - HMI agreement was signed to continue the tumour therapy, to this day the only facility in Germany for eye treatments. We have now experienced the first three years under the new terms; treating more than 600 patients in that time. The main challenge is to supply protons for therapy with less man-power but keeping the same high reliability as before. A new injector for protons has been installed and commissioned. The conversion process is not yet finished. In general, the operation of the machine went smoothly. Only in spring last year, we had for the first time an interruption of the therapy due to a water leak in the RF system. In spite of major structural changes we could keep a high quality standard and even increased the number of treated patients per year. In addition to the routine treatment, we established proton therapy of ocular tumours for very young children under general anaesthesia. # The new Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie has been formed by the merger of the former Hahn-Meitner-Institut Berlin (HMI) and the Berlin electron synchrotron BESSY

MOPCP018	Experience of Cyclotron Operation with Beam Sharing at TSL, Uppsala	proton, cyclotron, ion, target	84
	D. van Rooyen, K.J. Gajewski, B. Gålnander, B. Lundström, M. Pettersson, A.V. Prokofiev TSL, Uppsala, Sweden
	TSL (The Svedberg Laboratory) has a long history of producing beams of accelerated particles. Originally it was conceptualized as an accelerator for radioisotope production and nuclear chemistry by The(odor) Svedberg, and later used for nuclear physics, biological radiation effects and medical therapy with protons. A major upgrade during the 1980's with the extension of new experimental areas and a storage ring, the CELSIUS-ring, enabled the facility to get involved in new areas of nuclear physics, and neutron physics. The laboratory was restructured in 2005/2006 and the focus of activities was shifted towards, mainly, proton therapy and, in addition, radiation effects testing using protons and neutrons in a beam sharing mode. Specific attention will be given to a discussion of the development of a range of software utilities, for example switching of the beam between users by the principal user instead of being controlled via a cyclotron operator, which naturally enables a much more effective use of beam time. A range of features were developed that enables the end user to easily and effectively evaluate the beam quality as well as some further specific beam characteristics.

MOPCP021	Automated Operation and Optimization of the VARIAN 250 MeV Superconducting Compact Proton Cyclotron	cyclotron, extraction, proton, feedback	93
	T. Stephani, U. Behrens, H. Röcken VMS-PT, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany C. Baumgarten PSI, Villigen, Switzerland
	The 250 MeV superconducting compact proton cyclotron of Varian Medical Systems Particle Therapy (the former ACCEL) is specially designed for the use in proton therapy systems. During medical operation typically no operator is required. Furthermore, several automated control system procedures guarantee a fast, simple, and reliable startup and beam optimization after overnight shutdown or regular service actions. We report on the automated startup procedures, automated beam centering, and automated optimization of extraction efficiency. Furthermore we present an automated beam current setting as used during medical operation by means of an electrostatic deflector located at the cyclotron center at low beam energies.

MOPCP022	Present Operational Status of NIRS Cyclotrons (AVF930, HM18)	cyclotron, target, proton, radiation	96
	M. Kanazawa, S. Hojo, T. Honma, A. Sugiura, K. Tashiro NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan T. Kamiya, T. Okada, Y. Takahashi AEC, Chiba, Japan
	Since Japanese government launched a new program of the 'Molecular Imaging Research Program' in 2005, NIRS AVF930 cyclotron has been mainly operated to produce radio-isotopes together with a small cyclotron (HM18) for PET diagnosis. There is also machine operation of AVF930 for physical experiments and tests of radiation damage on electric devices. To carry out the cyclotron operations for these purposes, some improvements have been done in the facility. In this report, we will present recent operational status of NIRS cyclotron facility (AVF930, HM18).

MOPCP044	New Magnetic Einzel Lens and Its Beam Optical Features	focusing, optics, electron, ion	141
	M.H. Rashid, R.K. Bhandari, C. Mallik DAE/VECC, Calcutta, India
	Magnetic cylindrical lens is used mostly in beam lines to focus and transport low energy beam. It is well known that focusing power of a magnetic solenoid lens depends on the ratio of particle momentum and electric charge. A solenoid rotates also an ion beam while focusing it and the phase space areas of the beam in x- and y-plane get entangled and increased. The paper reported here describes an effort to design a new magnetic Einzel lens using a pair of Glaser lens in anti-solenoid mode for the first time to get zero rotation of the exit beam. Analytical formulae have been generated to deduce the scalar magnetic potential and field along the central axis of the lens. Thereafter, beam optics and particle tracking is done using the combined field of a pair of Glaser Lenses constituting the magnetic Einzel lens. The required focusing power of the designed lens is achieved for a beam of given rigidity.

MOPCP057	A Compact Solution for DDS-Generator, Turn-on and Protections in RF Accelerator Systems	cyclotron, pick-up, radio-frequency, resonance	159
	A.C. Caruso, F. Consoli, A. Spartà INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy A. Longhitano ALTEK, San Gregorio (CATANIA), Italy
	A single compact rack that includes a Direct Digital Synthesizer generator, a turn-on and protection system provides the smart solution in RF accelerator systems. It synthesizes a high stable RF signal up to 120 MHz, turns the power on into the RF cavities through a step-ramp modulator, protects the RF system against mismatching, sparks and multipactoring. A preliminary prototype has been designed, assembled and tested on the RF system of the k-800 superconducting cyclotron at Infn-Lns. This solution is part of the new computer-based RF control system. The hardware, software, and first test results will be shown in this paper.

MOPCP058	Commissioning Experience of the RF System of K500 Superconducting Cyclotron at VECC	cyclotron, vacuum, radio-frequency, impedance	162
	S.S. Som, R.K. Bhandari, P. Gangopadhyay, A. Mandal, S.P. Pal, P.R. Raj, S. Saha, S. Seth DAE/VECC, Calcutta, India
	Funding: Department of Atomic Energy, Govt. of India. Radio frequency system of Superconducting cyclotron at VECC, has been developed to achieve accelerating voltage of 100 kV max. with frequency, amplitude and phase stability of 0.1 ppm, 100 ppm and ±0.5 degree respectively within 9~27 MHz frequency. Each of the three half-wave coaxial cavity is fed with rf power (80kW max.) from a high power final rf amplifier based on Eimac 4CW150,000E tetrodes. Initially, the whole three-phase RF system has been tuned for operation with RF power to the cavities at 19.1994 MHz and thereafter commissioned the cyclotron with neon 3+ beam at external radius at 14.0 MHz. In this paper, we present brief description of the rf system and behaviour observed during initial conditioning of the cavities with rf power and the way to get out of multipacting zone together with discussion on our operational experience. We have so far achieved dee voltage up to 52 kV at 14 MHz with 20 kW of RF power fed at each of the three dees and achieved vacuum level of 4.5 x 10^-7 mbar inside the beam chamber. We also present discussion on the problems and failures of some RF components during commissioning stage and rectifications done to solve the same.

MOPCP062	TRIUMF Cyclotron Booster Frequency Tuning System	booster, cyclotron	174
	Q. Zheng, K. Fong, M.P. Laverty TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada
	For auto frequency tuning of TRIUMF cyclotron booster, a new control module based upon VXI Bus has been designed, tested and put into commission. This new auto tuning control module, which replaced the old analogue control box, has more features including the implementation of PIC16C71 microprocessor to generate Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) pulse, the utilization of digital RF phase detector and the most important aspect of computer control capability. Thus, the resonant frequency of cyclotron booster RF cavity is tuned automatically by this control module and the reflected RF power is kept at the minimum level in the operation.

MOPCP065	Closed Loop RF Tuning for Superconducitng Cyclotron at VECC	cyclotron, impedance, coupling, pick-up	180
	A. Mandal, R.K. Bhandari, S.P. Pal, U. Panda, S. Saha, S. Seth, S.S. Som DAE/VECC, Calcutta, India
	The RF system of Superconducting cyclotron has been operational within 9 - 27 MHz frequency. It has three tunable half-wave coaxial cavities as main resonators and three tunable RF amplifier cavities. A PC-based system takes care of stepper motor driven coarse tuning of cavities with positional accuracy ~20 μm and hydraulically driven three couplers and three trimmers. The couplers, in open loop, match the cavity impedance to 50 Ω in order to feed power from RF amplifier. Trimmers operate in closed loop for fine tuning the cavity, if detuned thermally at high RF power. The control logic has been simulated and finally implemented with Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). Precision control of trimmer (~20 μm) is essential to achieve the accelerating (Dee) voltage stability better than 100 ppm and also minimizing the RF power to maintain it. Phase difference between Dee-in and Dee-pick-off signals and the reflected power signals (from cavity) together act in closed loop for fine tuning of the cavity. The close loop PID control determines the final positioning of the trimmer in each power level and achieved the required voltage stability.

MOPCP068	Stable Operation of RF Systems for RIBF	cyclotron, pick-up, monitoring, heavy-ion	186
	K. Suda, M. Fujimaki, N. Fukunishi, M. Hemmi, O. Kamigaito, M. Kase, R. Koyama, K. Kumagai, N. Sakamoto, T. Watanabe, K. Yamada RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
	At RIKEN RI-Beam Factory (RIBF), heavy ion beams are accelerated up to 345 MeV/u by using the RIKEN heavy ion linac (RILAC) and four ring cyclotrons. In order to provide high intensity beams up to 1puA, all the RF systems must be stable enough for a long term (a few weeks), within ±0.1% in voltages and ±0.1 degrees in phases. For a stable operation of RIBF, we have started to monitor for the RF voltages and phases for all the RF systems, and beam intensity and phases using lock-in amplifiers. We have investigated a degree of stability of the RF systems. Then, we have performed several improvements. The Automatic Gain Control units for RILAC were replaced for a better stability. It was found that the stability of RF systems was considerably affected by the fluctuation of reference signals. The fluctuation was mainly caused by the temperature dependence of power dividers used for a reference signal distribution. Therefore, we have changed the distribution method. The reference signal is first amplified to 40 dBm and divided by directional couplers, and they are delivered to low level circuits. The present degree of stability of the RF systems will be presented.

MOPCP076	Operational Experience of Superconducting Cyclotron Magnet at VECC, Kolkata	vacuum, cyclotron, cryogenics, coupling	203
	U. Bhunia, M. Ahmed, R.K. Bhandari, T. Bhattacharyya, M.K. Dey, R. Dey, A. Dutta, A. Dutta Gupta, C. Mallik, C. Nandi, Z.A. Naser, G.P. Pal, U. Panda, S. Paul, J. Pradhan, S. Saha DAE/VECC, Calcutta, India
	The Kolkata Superconducting cyclotron magnet has been operational in the center since last few years and enabled us to extensively map magnetic fields over a year covering the operating range of the machine and successful commissioning of internal beam. The magnet cryostat coupled with the liquid helium refrigerator performs satisfactorily with moderate currents (<550A) in both the coils. The superconducting coil did not undergo any training and over the years has not suffered from any quench. Author would share the experience and difficulties of enhanced overall heat load to the liquid helium refrigerator at higher excitations of coils. This creates instability in the operation of liquid helium refrigerator and finally leads to slow dump. Rigorous study has been carried out in this regard to understand the problems and operational logic of liquid helium refrigerator has been modified accordingly to alleviate from. Some other measures have also been taken from cryostat and cryogenic distribution point of view in order to reduce the heat load at higher excitations.

MOPCP087	Beamloss Monitoring and Control for High Intensity Beams at the AGOR-Facility	beam-losses, cyclotron, pick-up, injection	227
	M.A. Hevinga, S. Brandenburg, T.W. Nijboer, J. Vorenholt KVI, Groningen, The Netherlands
	Funding: This work is supported by the European Union through EURONS, contract 506065 and the "Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie" (FOM). The experiments at the AGOR facility require intense heavy ion beams with a beam power up to 500 W. Examples are 6 x 10¹² pps of ²⁰Ne at 23 MeV/A and 10¹² pps ²⁰⁶Pb at 8.5 MeV/A. To prevent damage to components by the beam (power density >100 W/mm³ in unfavorable cases) a modular beam loss monitoring and control system has been developed for the cyclotron and high energy beam lines. The architecture of the system will be described and the considerations for the major design choices discussed. The system uses the CAN-bus for communication and verification of system integrity. The injected beam is chopped at 1 kHz with a variable duty factor up to 90 %. The beam intensity at injection and a number of locations in the high energy beam line is measured by inductive pick-ups. Furthermore localized beam losses on slits and diaphragms are directly measured. When beam loss in any section exceeds the predefined maximum value the duty factor of the beam is automatically reduced. Beam diagnostics are protected by switching off the beam when they are inserted at too high intensity.

MOPCP090	Progress in Formation of Single-Pulse Beams by a Chopping System at the JAEA/TIARA facility	cyclotron, extraction, acceleration, ion	233
	S. Kurashima, I. Ishibori, T. Nara, W. Yokota JAEA/TARRI, Gunma-ken, Japan M. Taguchi JAEA/QuBS, Takasaki, Japan
	The intervals of beam pulses from a cyclotron is generally tens of ns and they are too short for pulse radiolysis experiments which require beam pulses at intervals ranging from 1 μs to 1 ms (single-pulse beam). A chopping system, consisting of two types of high voltage kickers, is used at the JAEA AVF cyclotron to form single-pulse beam. The first kicker installed in the injection line generates beam pulses with repetition period of 1 μs to 1 ms. The pulse width is about a cycle length of the acceleration frequency. The other kicker in the transport line thins out needless beam pulses caused by multi-turn extraction. We could not provide single-pulse beam stably over 30 min since the magnetic field of the cyclotron gradually decreased by 0.01 % and the number of multi-turn extraction increased. The magnetic field was stabilized within 0.001 % by keeping temperature of the cyclotron magnet constant. In addition, a new technique to measure and control an acceleration phase has enabled us to reduce the number of multi-turn extraction easier than before. We have succeeded to provide single-pulse beam of a 320 MeV carbon without retuning of the cyclotron over 4 h, as a result.

MOPCP091	Status of Beam Diagnostic Components for Superconducting Cyclotron at Kolkata	diagnostics, cyclotron, extraction, injection	236
	G.P. Pal, R.K. Bhandari, S. Bhattacharya, T. Bhattacharyya, T. Das, C. Mallik, S. Roy DAE/VECC, Calcutta, India
	VEC Centre Kolkata has constructed a K500 superconducting cyclotron (SCC). Several beam diagnostic components have been designed, fabricated and installed in SCC. In the low energy beam line, uncooled slits, faraday cup, beam viewers, and collimators are used. The inflector is also operated in a faraday cup mode to measure the beam inside SCC. The radial probe and viewer probe are respectively used to measure beam current and to observe the beam size and shape inside SCC. The magnetic channels, electro-static deflectors and M9 slit are also used to measure beam current at the extraction radius. Water cooled faraday cup and beam viewers are used in the external beam line. The radius of curvature of the radial probe track was reduced to align the internal and external track during its assembly. It was observed that the probe did not functioning properly during beam trials. Different modifications were incorporated. But, problem with the probe persisted. The paper describes the beam diagnostic components used in the cyclotron, discusses the problems faced in operating the radial probe, modifications tried and outlines the future steps planned to operate the beam diagnostic components.

MOPCP092	Study on PXI and PAC-Based HIL Simulation Control System of CYCHU-10 Cyclotron	simulation, cyclotron, target, ion-source	239
	X. Hu, D. Li, Y.Q. Xiong, J. Yang, T. Yu HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
	Using the technology of hardware in loop (HIL), control system simulation model of the CYCHU-10 cyclotron is developed with real-time, simulation and statechart module under the LabVIEW environment. A prototyping design method based on NI PXI operation condition virtual platform and PAC controller is presented. The result indicates that the platform is feasible and effective in completing control system test under hardware virtual environment and shortening development time.

MOPCP095	Experiment and Analysis: Partial Loss of Insulation Vacuum in K-500 Superconducting Cyclotron During Energization	vacuum, cyclotron, superconducting-magnet, extraction	248
	P. Bhattacharyya, M. Ahammed, S. Bandyopadhyay, R.K. Bhandari, U. Bhunia, J. Chaudhuri, A. De, A. Dutta Gupta, C. Mallik, A. Mukherjee, C. Nandi, U. Panda, S. Saha, S. Saha DAE/VECC, Calcutta, India
	At higher currents in superconducting coil of K-500 Superconducting cyclotron, it was found that the insulation vacuum surrounding the LHe vessel gets worsen with increased current in the coil,finally leading to slow dump of power of the coil. This is a limitation for further increasing current value in the superconducting magnet coil. But once the current value returned to zero, vacuum reading reaches its initial value. Experiment & analysis have been done to quantify the contribution of molecular gas conduction on heat load because of this partial loss of insulation vacuum. Experiment was done to quantify how much betterment in terms of heat load is possible by incorporating additional vacuum pump. The cryostat safety analysis because of loss of insulation vacuum has become very important at this new scenario. Analysis has been done to know what could be the maximum pressure rise with time in case of loss of vacuum. This data has been used to know what should be the relieving mass flow rate to avoid any pressure burst accident. Finally this data has been compared with the existing relief valve. It is found that the existing safety system can take care of such incident.

MOPCP106	Beam-Phase Measurement System for HIRFL	cyclotron, shielding, ion, extraction	263
	J.H. Zheng, W. Liu, W. Ma, R.S. Mao, Y. Wang, J.X. Wu, Y. Yin IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	The beam phase measurement system in HIRFL is introduced. The system had been improved using RF-signal mixing and filtering techniques and noise cancellation method. Therefore,the influence of strongly RF field disturbing signal was eliminated and the signal to noise rate was increased, and a stable and sensitive phase measurement system was developed. The phase history of the ion beam was detected by using 15 set of capacitive pick-up probes installed in the SSC cyclotron. The phase information of the measurement was necessary for tuning purposes to obtain an optimized isochronous magnetic field, where the beam intensity was increased and the beam quality was optimized . The measuremnet results before and after isochronous magnetic field for ion and ion in SSC was given . The phase measurement system was reliable by optimizing isochronous magnetic field test,and the precision reached ±0.5°,the sensitivity of the beam signal measurement was about 10nA as well.

MOPCP107	A Design of Switch Magnet Power Supply	power-supply, pulsed-power, induction, simulation	266
	H.H. Yan, Y.X. Chen, X.M. Feng, D.Q. Gao, Y.L. Gao, J.B. Shangguan, Y. Tang, J.Y. Xin, H.B. Yan, Z.D. Yuan, X.L. Zhang, Z.Z. Zhou IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	The paper introduces a design of power supply for switch magnet in HIRFL. The main circuit topology used Buck chopper regulator, full-bridge inverter output and power units in parallel in the power supply is introduced. The operation principle and control strategy is analyzed in this article. The power supply can be operated in DC and pulse mode, has the very good output current long-term stability, high reliability and dynamic response characteristics. Finally, some experimental data and waveforms of the power supply are shown to demonstrate the performance of the design.

MOPCP109	The Design of Transverse Emittance Measurement at HIRFL-CSR	emittance, heavy-ion, ion, storage-ring	272
	P. Li, J.X. Wu, Y.Q. Yang, Y.J. Yuan IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	Funding: *Work supported by HIRFL-CSR project #lipeng@impcas.ac.cn HIRFL-CSR is a multi-purpose heavy ion storage ring in Lanzhou. In order to measure the transverse emittance of the injected beam on the transfer channel to the HIRFL-CSR, two kinds of emittance measurement devices which included pepper-pot and slit-grid were proposed. The pepper-pot is unique in providing an instantaneous measurement of the two-dimensional emittance of a beam. The data acquired by this method is only an image. The slit-grid is a one dimensional emittance measurement device. During the measurement, the slit, driven by the stepper motor is moved stepwise across the beam, and then the signal induced on the grid will be stored in the computer for further analysis. Because slit-grid is one dimensional device, two sets of this device are needed for transverse measurement. In this paper, we introduce the design, parameters, data acquisition and analysis of these two methods. Especially the software integration is given in this paper. Main interest is directed on the software development for emittance front-end control and data analysis such as evaluation algorithms.

TUM1CCO04	The VARIAN 250 MeV Superconducting Compact Proton Cyclotron: Medical Operation of the 2nd Machine, Production and Commissioning Status of Machines No. 3 to 7	cyclotron, proton, factory, induction	283
	H. Röcken, M. Abdel-Bary, E.M. Akcoeltekin, P. Budz, T. Stephani, J.C. Wittschen VMS-PT, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
	Varian Medical Systems Particle Therapy (the former ACCEL) has successfully finalized in 2008 the commissioning of its 2nd superconducting compact proton cyclotron for use in proton therapy. The 250 MeV machine serves as proton source for treatments at the first clinical proton therapy center in Germany which opened in early 2009. Furthermore, Varian is currently commissioning and factory testing its 3rd machine. We report on the operation and performance of the 2nd machine as well as on the successful cool-down, quench testing, and magnetic shimming of the 3rd machine. In addition we present RF commissioning plans using a newly developed solid state amplifier, and plans for the upcoming factory beam commissioning in the new Varian cyclotron test cell, scheduled for October 2010. Finally we provide a brief status and outlook on machines no. 4 to 7.
	Slides TUM1CCO04 [5.761 MB]

TUM2CCO03	Commissioning of the JYFL MCC30/15 Cyclotron	cyclotron, proton, ion, ion-source	295
	P. M.T. Heikkinen JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland
	The new MCC30/15 cyclotron from NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia, arrived at Jyväskylä on 10th of August 2009, as a partial compensation of the Former Soviet Union debt to Finland. The cyclotron required an extension for the old experimental hall. The building of the extension started in late August, 2008. Both the cyclotron and the building projects took a little more time than planned. However, the delay of both projects was less than two months, and so the building was ready to host the cyclotron by the beginning of August, 2009. The installation of the cyclotron was done by the manufacturer's (NIIEFA) specialists. Before the end of November 2009 the maximum extracted proton intensity (in pulses) was twice the guaranteed value and 24 % over the guaranteed value for deuterons. The final acceptance protocol was signed on 30th of April, 2010. In addition to the scientific work (IGISOL), the new MCC30/15 cyclotron is planned to be used for medical radioisotope production, mainly ¹²³I and ¹⁸F. Negotiations on the isotope production are underway.
	Slides TUM2CCO03 [4.824 MB]

TUA2CIO01	Progress on Construction of CYCIAE-100	vacuum, extraction, ion, site	308
	T.J. Zhang, Z.G. Li, Y.L. Lu CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	As a driving accelerator for RIB production, CYCIAE-100 will provide proton beam of 75MeV~100MeV with an intensity of 200 μA~500 μA. The design for each system has been accomplished and about 50% of fabricating work has been finished. The main magnet manufacture has entered the fine machining stage. Two main magnet coils have been completed, two 100 kW RF power supplies and transmission lines are tested with full output power, and the main vacuum chamber and main magnet elevating system will be completed soon. The construction designs and market surveys for other systems are finished and ready for purchase. Some key design and technology experiments are in process and significant results have been achieved in verifications. The Comprehensive Test Stand (CRM) has successfully passed the authoritative certification, and an important progress has been made for a full scale experimental RF cavity and its frequency and Q value measured agree well with the numerical data. The certification test of vacuum cryo-panel structure has been finished with valuable information to cryo-panel design. Key technical problems related to CYCIAE-100 are being solved along with the progress.
	Slides TUA2CIO01 [11.584 MB]

THA1CIO02	First Commissioning Results from the Non-Scaling FFAG Accelerator, EMMA	septum, acceleration, injection, lattice	384
	S.L. Smith STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	The first results from commissioning EMMA - the Electron Model of Many Applications- are summarised in this paper. EMMA is a 10 to 20 MeV electron ring designed to test our understanding of beam dynamics in a relativistic linear non-scaling fixed field alternating gradient accelerator (FFAG). EMMA will be the world's first non-scaling FFAG and the paper will outline the characteristics of the beam injected in to the accelerator as well as summarising the results of the 4 sector 'gantry-type' commissioning which took place at Daresbury Laboratory. The paper will report on recent progress made with the full EMMA ring commissioning, giving details of tune and orbit measurements as well as their correction to the desired lattice.
	Slides THA1CIO02 [5.404 MB]

THA1CIO03	Innovations in Fixed-Field Accelerators: Design and Simulation	focusing, cyclotron, acceleration, synchrotron	389
	C. Johnstone Fermilab, Batavia, USA M. Berz, K. Makino MSU, East Lansing, Michigan, USA S.R. Koscielniak TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada P. Snopok UCR, Riverside, California, USA
	The drive for high beam power, high duty cycle, and reliable beams has focused world interest on fixed field accelerators, notably Fixed-field Alternating Gradient accelerators (FFAGs) ' with cyclotrons representing a specific class of fixed-field accelerators. Recently, the concept of isochronous orbits has been developed for nonscaling FFAGs using new methodologies in FFAG design. The property of isochronous orbits enables the simplicity of fixed RF and, by tailoring a nonlinear radial field profile, the FFAG is isochronous well into the relativistic regime. The machine proposed here has the high current advantage and duty cycle of the cyclotron in combination with the strong focusing, smaller losses, and energy variability that are more typical of the synchrotron. Further, compact high-performance devices are often are operated in a regime where space charge effects become significant, but are complicated to analyze in fixed-field accelerators because of the cross talk between beams at different nearby radii. A new space charge simulation approach is under development in the code COSY INFINITY. This presentation reports on advances in FFAG accelerator design and simulation.
	Slides THA1CIO03 [1.527 MB]

Paper

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MOA2CCO02

Current Status of the Cyclotron Facilities and Future Projects at iThemba Labs

cyclotron, ion, vacuum, proton

42

J.L. Conradie, L.S. Anthony, A.H. Botha, M.A. Crombie, J.G. De Villiers, J.L.G. Delsink, W. Duckitt, D.T. Fourie, M.E. Hogan, I.H. Kohler, C. Lussi, R.H. McAlister, H.W. Mostert, S.S. Ntshangase, J.V. Pilcher, P.F. Rohwer, M. Sakildien, N. Stodart, R.W. Thomae, M.J. Van Niekerk, D. de Villiers, P.A. van Schalkwyk
iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa
C. Böhme
UniDo/IBS, Dortmund, Germany
J. Dietrich
FZJ, Jülich, Germany
Z. Kormány
ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary

For nearly 25 years the cyclotron facilities at iThemba LABS have been utilized for radioisotope production, nuclear physics research, and proton and neutron therapy. The aging systems require continual upgrading and replacement to limit interruptions to the scheduled beam delivery. The distributed computer control system is being migrated to a system running on the EPICS platform. The analogue low-level RF control systems will be replaced with digital systems. The Minimafios ECR ion source has been replaced with an ECR source from the former Hahn Meitner Institute and a second source, based on the design of the Grenoble test source, will be commissioned later this year. To increase the production of radio-isotopes, the 66 MeV proton beam is split to deliver beam simultaneously to two production targets. The first result with the beam splitter will be reported. A beam phase measurement system comprising 21 fixed probes has been installed in the separated sector cyclotron. Progress with these projects and the status of the facilities will be presented. Proposals for new facilities for proton therapy and for acceleration of radioactive beams will also be discussed.

Slides MOA2CCO02 [4.496 MB]

MOPCP008

Control System of Cryogenic Plant for Superconducting Cyclotron at VECC

cyclotron, cryogenics, monitoring, superconducting-magnet

57

U. Panda, T. Bhattacharjee, R. Dey, A. Mandal, S. Pal
DAE/VECC, Calcutta, India

Cryogenic Plant of Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre consists of two Helium refrigerators (250 W and 415 W @ 4.5K), valve box with sub-cooler and associated sub systems like pure gas storage, helium purifier and impure gas recovery etc. The system also consists of 3.1K liters of liquid Nitrogen (LN2) storage and delivery system. The plant is designed to cater the cryogenic requirements of the Superconducting Cyclotron. The control system is fully automated and does not require any human intervention once it is started. EPICS architecture has been adopted to design the SCADA module. The EPICS Input Output Controller (IOC) communicates with four Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) over Ethernet based control LAN to control/monitor 618 numbers of field inputs/ outputs. The plant is running very reliably round the clock, however, the historical data trending of important parameters during plant operation has been integrated to the system for plant maintenance and easy diagnosis. The 400 kVA UPS with 10 minutes back up time have been installed to keep the cryogenic system running with one 160 kW cycle compressor during utility power interruptions.

MOPCP009

Development of Power Supplies for 3-Ф, 240 kW RF System with Crowbar Protection for Superconducting Cyclotron at VECC

power-supply, cyclotron, monitoring, coupling

60

S.K. Thakur, R.K. Bhandari, A. De, Y. Kumar, J.S.P. Prasad, S. Saha, S.S. Som, T.P. Tiwari
DAE/VECC, Calcutta, India

RF system of K-500 super conducting cyclotron at VECC is a complex three phase system operating in the frequency range of 9 MHz to 27 MHz with maximum acceleration potential of around 100 kV feeding to each of three Dee cavities placed in median plane of cyclotron 120° apart through coupling capacitors. Each phase consists of chain of amplifiers and resonator operating in synchronization and at final stage of each phase, a high power water cooled Tetrode Tube (Eimac 4CW 150,000 E) as an RF high power amplifier each capable of delivering 80 kW of RF power. Individual power supplies for biasing Anode (20 kV, 22 Amp), Filament (16 V, 225 Amp), Screen (1600 V, 1 Amp) and grid (-500 V, 0.1 Amp) each for all three high power Tetrode Tubes are designed, developed and commissioned indigenously in VECC Cyclotron building and have been in operation from last few months successfully. Anode supply is common to all three tubes, rated at 20 kV, 22 Amp, 450 kW along with fast acting crowbar protection using Ignitron. This paper describes about the technical challenges in the development of the power supplies and special features of protection systems.

MOPCP011

25 Years of Continuous Operation of the Seattle Clinical Cyclotron Facility

cyclotron, target, isotope-production, radiation

66

R. Risler, S.P. Banerian, J.G. Douglas, R.C. Emery, I.J. Kalet, G.E. Laramore, D.D. Reid
University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, USA

The clinical cyclotron facility at the University of Washington Medical Center has now been in continuous operation for over 25 years. It is highly reliable, and its primary use is still for fast neutron therapy, mostly for salivary gland tumors. Neutron therapy accounts for about 85% of the facility use time. In cases where the tumor involves the base of the skull, significant improvements of patient outcome have been achieved by combining the neutron treatment with a gamma knife boost to areas where the neutron dose is limited by adjacent healthy tissue. Production of 211-At and 117m-Sn with alpha particles at 29.0 and 47.3 MeV and currents between 50 and 70 μA have become routine. These isotopes are used in medical applications presently under development. The introduction of a new control system using EPICS (Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System) is progressing systematically. All the user interfaces are up and running, and several accelerator subsystems have been migrated to the new controls. No interruption of therapy or isotope production operation is planned for the conversion to the new control system.

MOPCP013

Magnetic Field Calculation and Magnet Shimming Simulation for the CYCHU-10 Cyclotron

cyclotron, extraction, simulation, ion-source

69

Z. Chen, D.Z. Chen, K.F. Liu, B. Qin
HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China

The compact internal ion source cyclotron CYCHU-10 developed in Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) is in magnet machining, and will be assembled soon later. Difference between the ideal computation and practical measurement of the magnetic field is an important reference for magnet shimming. So in this paper, a further study on magnet field computation using FEM is implemented. By giving diverse boundaries and grid meshes, a quarter and a half models are both calculated to make sure correctness of the ideal model. Besides, the research on magnet shimming is also carried out. A new shim tool based on an improved matrix method combining the multiple linear regression is developed to simulate the practical shimming process. With the aid of 3D finite element code and beam dynamics code, an iterative shimming process has been accomplished successfully. The results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the shim tool.

MOPCP015

Status of the HZB# Cyclotron: Eye Tumour Therapy in Berlin

proton, cyclotron, ion, rfq

75

A. Denker, C.R. Rethfeldt, J.R. Röhrich
HZB, Berlin, Germany
D. Cordini, J. Heufelder, R. Stark, A. Weber
Charite, Berlin, Germany

The ion beam laboratory ISL at the Hahn-Meitner-Institut Berlin supplied light to heavy ions for solid state physics and medicine. Since 1998, eye tumours are treated with protons together with the University Hospital Benjamin Franklin, Charité. In 12/2006, ISL was closed and a Charité - HMI agreement was signed to continue the tumour therapy, to this day the only facility in Germany for eye treatments. We have now experienced the first three years under the new terms; treating more than 600 patients in that time. The main challenge is to supply protons for therapy with less man-power but keeping the same high reliability as before. A new injector for protons has been installed and commissioned. The conversion process is not yet finished. In general, the operation of the machine went smoothly. Only in spring last year, we had for the first time an interruption of the therapy due to a water leak in the RF system. In spite of major structural changes we could keep a high quality standard and even increased the number of treated patients per year. In addition to the routine treatment, we established proton therapy of ocular tumours for very young children under general anaesthesia.
# The new Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie has been formed by the merger of the former Hahn-Meitner-Institut Berlin (HMI) and the Berlin electron synchrotron BESSY

MOPCP018

Experience of Cyclotron Operation with Beam Sharing at TSL, Uppsala

proton, cyclotron, ion, target

84

D. van Rooyen, K.J. Gajewski, B. Gålnander, B. Lundström, M. Pettersson, A.V. Prokofiev
TSL, Uppsala, Sweden

TSL (The Svedberg Laboratory) has a long history of producing beams of accelerated particles. Originally it was conceptualized as an accelerator for radioisotope production and nuclear chemistry by The(odor) Svedberg, and later used for nuclear physics, biological radiation effects and medical therapy with protons. A major upgrade during the 1980's with the extension of new experimental areas and a storage ring, the CELSIUS-ring, enabled the facility to get involved in new areas of nuclear physics, and neutron physics. The laboratory was restructured in 2005/2006 and the focus of activities was shifted towards, mainly, proton therapy and, in addition, radiation effects testing using protons and neutrons in a beam sharing mode. Specific attention will be given to a discussion of the development of a range of software utilities, for example switching of the beam between users by the principal user instead of being controlled via a cyclotron operator, which naturally enables a much more effective use of beam time. A range of features were developed that enables the end user to easily and effectively evaluate the beam quality as well as some further specific beam characteristics.

MOPCP021

Automated Operation and Optimization of the VARIAN 250 MeV Superconducting Compact Proton Cyclotron

cyclotron, extraction, proton, feedback

93

T. Stephani, U. Behrens, H. Röcken
VMS-PT, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
C. Baumgarten
PSI, Villigen, Switzerland

The 250 MeV superconducting compact proton cyclotron of Varian Medical Systems Particle Therapy (the former ACCEL) is specially designed for the use in proton therapy systems. During medical operation typically no operator is required. Furthermore, several automated control system procedures guarantee a fast, simple, and reliable startup and beam optimization after overnight shutdown or regular service actions. We report on the automated startup procedures, automated beam centering, and automated optimization of extraction efficiency. Furthermore we present an automated beam current setting as used during medical operation by means of an electrostatic deflector located at the cyclotron center at low beam energies.

MOPCP022

Present Operational Status of NIRS Cyclotrons (AVF930, HM18)

cyclotron, target, proton, radiation

96

M. Kanazawa, S. Hojo, T. Honma, A. Sugiura, K. Tashiro
NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
T. Kamiya, T. Okada, Y. Takahashi
AEC, Chiba, Japan

Since Japanese government launched a new program of the 'Molecular Imaging Research Program' in 2005, NIRS AVF930 cyclotron has been mainly operated to produce radio-isotopes together with a small cyclotron (HM18) for PET diagnosis. There is also machine operation of AVF930 for physical experiments and tests of radiation damage on electric devices. To carry out the cyclotron operations for these purposes, some improvements have been done in the facility. In this report, we will present recent operational status of NIRS cyclotron facility (AVF930, HM18).

MOPCP044

New Magnetic Einzel Lens and Its Beam Optical Features

focusing, optics, electron, ion

141

M.H. Rashid, R.K. Bhandari, C. Mallik
DAE/VECC, Calcutta, India

Magnetic cylindrical lens is used mostly in beam lines to focus and transport low energy beam. It is well known that focusing power of a magnetic solenoid lens depends on the ratio of particle momentum and electric charge. A solenoid rotates also an ion beam while focusing it and the phase space areas of the beam in x- and y-plane get entangled and increased. The paper reported here describes an effort to design a new magnetic Einzel lens using a pair of Glaser lens in anti-solenoid mode for the first time to get zero rotation of the exit beam. Analytical formulae have been generated to deduce the scalar magnetic potential and field along the central axis of the lens. Thereafter, beam optics and particle tracking is done using the combined field of a pair of Glaser Lenses constituting the magnetic Einzel lens. The required focusing power of the designed lens is achieved for a beam of given rigidity.

MOPCP057

A Compact Solution for DDS-Generator, Turn-on and Protections in RF Accelerator Systems

cyclotron, pick-up, radio-frequency, resonance

159

A.C. Caruso, F. Consoli, A. Spartà
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
A. Longhitano
ALTEK, San Gregorio (CATANIA), Italy

A single compact rack that includes a Direct Digital Synthesizer generator, a turn-on and protection system provides the smart solution in RF accelerator systems. It synthesizes a high stable RF signal up to 120 MHz, turns the power on into the RF cavities through a step-ramp modulator, protects the RF system against mismatching, sparks and multipactoring. A preliminary prototype has been designed, assembled and tested on the RF system of the k-800 superconducting cyclotron at Infn-Lns. This solution is part of the new computer-based RF control system. The hardware, software, and first test results will be shown in this paper.

MOPCP058

Commissioning Experience of the RF System of K500 Superconducting Cyclotron at VECC

cyclotron, vacuum, radio-frequency, impedance

162

S.S. Som, R.K. Bhandari, P. Gangopadhyay, A. Mandal, S.P. Pal, P.R. Raj, S. Saha, S. Seth
DAE/VECC, Calcutta, India

Funding: Department of Atomic Energy, Govt. of India.
Radio frequency system of Superconducting cyclotron at VECC, has been developed to achieve accelerating voltage of 100 kV max. with frequency, amplitude and phase stability of 0.1 ppm, 100 ppm and ±0.5 degree respectively within 9~27 MHz frequency. Each of the three half-wave coaxial cavity is fed with rf power (80kW max.) from a high power final rf amplifier based on Eimac 4CW150,000E tetrodes. Initially, the whole three-phase RF system has been tuned for operation with RF power to the cavities at 19.1994 MHz and thereafter commissioned the cyclotron with neon 3+ beam at external radius at 14.0 MHz. In this paper, we present brief description of the rf system and behaviour observed during initial conditioning of the cavities with rf power and the way to get out of multipacting zone together with discussion on our operational experience. We have so far achieved dee voltage up to 52 kV at 14 MHz with 20 kW of RF power fed at each of the three dees and achieved vacuum level of 4.5 x 10^-7 mbar inside the beam chamber. We also present discussion on the problems and failures of some RF components during commissioning stage and rectifications done to solve the same.

MOPCP062

TRIUMF Cyclotron Booster Frequency Tuning System

booster, cyclotron

174

Q. Zheng, K. Fong, M.P. Laverty
TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada

For auto frequency tuning of TRIUMF cyclotron booster, a new control module based upon VXI Bus has been designed, tested and put into commission. This new auto tuning control module, which replaced the old analogue control box, has more features including the implementation of PIC16C71 microprocessor to generate Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) pulse, the utilization of digital RF phase detector and the most important aspect of computer control capability. Thus, the resonant frequency of cyclotron booster RF cavity is tuned automatically by this control module and the reflected RF power is kept at the minimum level in the operation.

MOPCP065

Closed Loop RF Tuning for Superconducitng Cyclotron at VECC

cyclotron, impedance, coupling, pick-up

180

A. Mandal, R.K. Bhandari, S.P. Pal, U. Panda, S. Saha, S. Seth, S.S. Som
DAE/VECC, Calcutta, India

The RF system of Superconducting cyclotron has been operational within 9 - 27 MHz frequency. It has three tunable half-wave coaxial cavities as main resonators and three tunable RF amplifier cavities. A PC-based system takes care of stepper motor driven coarse tuning of cavities with positional accuracy ~20 μm and hydraulically driven three couplers and three trimmers. The couplers, in open loop, match the cavity impedance to 50 Ω in order to feed power from RF amplifier. Trimmers operate in closed loop for fine tuning the cavity, if detuned thermally at high RF power. The control logic has been simulated and finally implemented with Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). Precision control of trimmer (~20 μm) is essential to achieve the accelerating (Dee) voltage stability better than 100 ppm and also minimizing the RF power to maintain it. Phase difference between Dee-in and Dee-pick-off signals and the reflected power signals (from cavity) together act in closed loop for fine tuning of the cavity. The close loop PID control determines the final positioning of the trimmer in each power level and achieved the required voltage stability.

MOPCP068

Stable Operation of RF Systems for RIBF

cyclotron, pick-up, monitoring, heavy-ion

186

K. Suda, M. Fujimaki, N. Fukunishi, M. Hemmi, O. Kamigaito, M. Kase, R. Koyama, K. Kumagai, N. Sakamoto, T. Watanabe, K. Yamada
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan

At RIKEN RI-Beam Factory (RIBF), heavy ion beams are accelerated up to 345 MeV/u by using the RIKEN heavy ion linac (RILAC) and four ring cyclotrons. In order to provide high intensity beams up to 1puA, all the RF systems must be stable enough for a long term (a few weeks), within ±0.1% in voltages and ±0.1 degrees in phases. For a stable operation of RIBF, we have started to monitor for the RF voltages and phases for all the RF systems, and beam intensity and phases using lock-in amplifiers. We have investigated a degree of stability of the RF systems. Then, we have performed several improvements. The Automatic Gain Control units for RILAC were replaced for a better stability. It was found that the stability of RF systems was considerably affected by the fluctuation of reference signals. The fluctuation was mainly caused by the temperature dependence of power dividers used for a reference signal distribution. Therefore, we have changed the distribution method. The reference signal is first amplified to 40 dBm and divided by directional couplers, and they are delivered to low level circuits. The present degree of stability of the RF systems will be presented.

MOPCP076

Operational Experience of Superconducting Cyclotron Magnet at VECC, Kolkata

vacuum, cyclotron, cryogenics, coupling

203

U. Bhunia, M. Ahmed, R.K. Bhandari, T. Bhattacharyya, M.K. Dey, R. Dey, A. Dutta, A. Dutta Gupta, C. Mallik, C. Nandi, Z.A. Naser, G.P. Pal, U. Panda, S. Paul, J. Pradhan, S. Saha
DAE/VECC, Calcutta, India

The Kolkata Superconducting cyclotron magnet has been operational in the center since last few years and enabled us to extensively map magnetic fields over a year covering the operating range of the machine and successful commissioning of internal beam. The magnet cryostat coupled with the liquid helium refrigerator performs satisfactorily with moderate currents (<550A) in both the coils. The superconducting coil did not undergo any training and over the years has not suffered from any quench. Author would share the experience and difficulties of enhanced overall heat load to the liquid helium refrigerator at higher excitations of coils. This creates instability in the operation of liquid helium refrigerator and finally leads to slow dump. Rigorous study has been carried out in this regard to understand the problems and operational logic of liquid helium refrigerator has been modified accordingly to alleviate from. Some other measures have also been taken from cryostat and cryogenic distribution point of view in order to reduce the heat load at higher excitations.

MOPCP087

Beamloss Monitoring and Control for High Intensity Beams at the AGOR-Facility

beam-losses, cyclotron, pick-up, injection

227

M.A. Hevinga, S. Brandenburg, T.W. Nijboer, J. Vorenholt
KVI, Groningen, The Netherlands

Funding: This work is supported by the European Union through EURONS, contract 506065 and the "Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie" (FOM).
The experiments at the AGOR facility require intense heavy ion beams with a beam power up to 500 W. Examples are 6 x 10¹² pps of ²⁰Ne at 23 MeV/A and 10¹² pps ²⁰⁶Pb at 8.5 MeV/A. To prevent damage to components by the beam (power density >100 W/mm³ in unfavorable cases) a modular beam loss monitoring and control system has been developed for the cyclotron and high energy beam lines. The architecture of the system will be described and the considerations for the major design choices discussed. The system uses the CAN-bus for communication and verification of system integrity. The injected beam is chopped at 1 kHz with a variable duty factor up to 90 %. The beam intensity at injection and a number of locations in the high energy beam line is measured by inductive pick-ups. Furthermore localized beam losses on slits and diaphragms are directly measured. When beam loss in any section exceeds the predefined maximum value the duty factor of the beam is automatically reduced. Beam diagnostics are protected by switching off the beam when they are inserted at too high intensity.

MOPCP090

Progress in Formation of Single-Pulse Beams by a Chopping System at the JAEA/TIARA facility

cyclotron, extraction, acceleration, ion

233

S. Kurashima, I. Ishibori, T. Nara, W. Yokota
JAEA/TARRI, Gunma-ken, Japan
M. Taguchi
JAEA/QuBS, Takasaki, Japan

The intervals of beam pulses from a cyclotron is generally tens of ns and they are too short for pulse radiolysis experiments which require beam pulses at intervals ranging from 1 μs to 1 ms (single-pulse beam). A chopping system, consisting of two types of high voltage kickers, is used at the JAEA AVF cyclotron to form single-pulse beam. The first kicker installed in the injection line generates beam pulses with repetition period of 1 μs to 1 ms. The pulse width is about a cycle length of the acceleration frequency. The other kicker in the transport line thins out needless beam pulses caused by multi-turn extraction. We could not provide single-pulse beam stably over 30 min since the magnetic field of the cyclotron gradually decreased by 0.01 % and the number of multi-turn extraction increased. The magnetic field was stabilized within 0.001 % by keeping temperature of the cyclotron magnet constant. In addition, a new technique to measure and control an acceleration phase has enabled us to reduce the number of multi-turn extraction easier than before. We have succeeded to provide single-pulse beam of a 320 MeV carbon without retuning of the cyclotron over 4 h, as a result.

MOPCP091

Status of Beam Diagnostic Components for Superconducting Cyclotron at Kolkata

diagnostics, cyclotron, extraction, injection

236

G.P. Pal, R.K. Bhandari, S. Bhattacharya, T. Bhattacharyya, T. Das, C. Mallik, S. Roy
DAE/VECC, Calcutta, India

VEC Centre Kolkata has constructed a K500 superconducting cyclotron (SCC). Several beam diagnostic components have been designed, fabricated and installed in SCC. In the low energy beam line, uncooled slits, faraday cup, beam viewers, and collimators are used. The inflector is also operated in a faraday cup mode to measure the beam inside SCC. The radial probe and viewer probe are respectively used to measure beam current and to observe the beam size and shape inside SCC. The magnetic channels, electro-static deflectors and M9 slit are also used to measure beam current at the extraction radius. Water cooled faraday cup and beam viewers are used in the external beam line. The radius of curvature of the radial probe track was reduced to align the internal and external track during its assembly. It was observed that the probe did not functioning properly during beam trials. Different modifications were incorporated. But, problem with the probe persisted. The paper describes the beam diagnostic components used in the cyclotron, discusses the problems faced in operating the radial probe, modifications tried and outlines the future steps planned to operate the beam diagnostic components.

MOPCP092

Study on PXI and PAC-Based HIL Simulation Control System of CYCHU-10 Cyclotron

simulation, cyclotron, target, ion-source

239

X. Hu, D. Li, Y.Q. Xiong, J. Yang, T. Yu
HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China

Using the technology of hardware in loop (HIL), control system simulation model of the CYCHU-10 cyclotron is developed with real-time, simulation and statechart module under the LabVIEW environment. A prototyping design method based on NI PXI operation condition virtual platform and PAC controller is presented. The result indicates that the platform is feasible and effective in completing control system test under hardware virtual environment and shortening development time.

MOPCP095

Experiment and Analysis: Partial Loss of Insulation Vacuum in K-500 Superconducting Cyclotron During Energization

vacuum, cyclotron, superconducting-magnet, extraction

248

P. Bhattacharyya, M. Ahammed, S. Bandyopadhyay, R.K. Bhandari, U. Bhunia, J. Chaudhuri, A. De, A. Dutta Gupta, C. Mallik, A. Mukherjee, C. Nandi, U. Panda, S. Saha, S. Saha
DAE/VECC, Calcutta, India

At higher currents in superconducting coil of K-500 Superconducting cyclotron, it was found that the insulation vacuum surrounding the LHe vessel gets worsen with increased current in the coil,finally leading to slow dump of power of the coil. This is a limitation for further increasing current value in the superconducting magnet coil. But once the current value returned to zero, vacuum reading reaches its initial value. Experiment & analysis have been done to quantify the contribution of molecular gas conduction on heat load because of this partial loss of insulation vacuum. Experiment was done to quantify how much betterment in terms of heat load is possible by incorporating additional vacuum pump. The cryostat safety analysis because of loss of insulation vacuum has become very important at this new scenario. Analysis has been done to know what could be the maximum pressure rise with time in case of loss of vacuum. This data has been used to know what should be the relieving mass flow rate to avoid any pressure burst accident. Finally this data has been compared with the existing relief valve. It is found that the existing safety system can take care of such incident.

MOPCP106

Beam-Phase Measurement System for HIRFL

cyclotron, shielding, ion, extraction

263

J.H. Zheng, W. Liu, W. Ma, R.S. Mao, Y. Wang, J.X. Wu, Y. Yin
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

The beam phase measurement system in HIRFL is introduced. The system had been improved using RF-signal mixing and filtering techniques and noise cancellation method. Therefore,the influence of strongly RF field disturbing signal was eliminated and the signal to noise rate was increased, and a stable and sensitive phase measurement system was developed. The phase history of the ion beam was detected by using 15 set of capacitive pick-up probes installed in the SSC cyclotron. The phase information of the measurement was necessary for tuning purposes to obtain an optimized isochronous magnetic field, where the beam intensity was increased and the beam quality was optimized . The measuremnet results before and after isochronous magnetic field for ion and ion in SSC was given . The phase measurement system was reliable by optimizing isochronous magnetic field test,and the precision reached ±0.5°,the sensitivity of the beam signal measurement was about 10nA as well.

MOPCP107

A Design of Switch Magnet Power Supply

power-supply, pulsed-power, induction, simulation

266

H.H. Yan, Y.X. Chen, X.M. Feng, D.Q. Gao, Y.L. Gao, J.B. Shangguan, Y. Tang, J.Y. Xin, H.B. Yan, Z.D. Yuan, X.L. Zhang, Z.Z. Zhou
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

The paper introduces a design of power supply for switch magnet in HIRFL. The main circuit topology used Buck chopper regulator, full-bridge inverter output and power units in parallel in the power supply is introduced. The operation principle and control strategy is analyzed in this article. The power supply can be operated in DC and pulse mode, has the very good output current long-term stability, high reliability and dynamic response characteristics. Finally, some experimental data and waveforms of the power supply are shown to demonstrate the performance of the design.

MOPCP109

The Design of Transverse Emittance Measurement at HIRFL-CSR

emittance, heavy-ion, ion, storage-ring

272

P. Li, J.X. Wu, Y.Q. Yang, Y.J. Yuan
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

Funding: *Work supported by HIRFL-CSR project #lipeng@impcas.ac.cn
HIRFL-CSR is a multi-purpose heavy ion storage ring in Lanzhou. In order to measure the transverse emittance of the injected beam on the transfer channel to the HIRFL-CSR, two kinds of emittance measurement devices which included pepper-pot and slit-grid were proposed. The pepper-pot is unique in providing an instantaneous measurement of the two-dimensional emittance of a beam. The data acquired by this method is only an image. The slit-grid is a one dimensional emittance measurement device. During the measurement, the slit, driven by the stepper motor is moved stepwise across the beam, and then the signal induced on the grid will be stored in the computer for further analysis. Because slit-grid is one dimensional device, two sets of this device are needed for transverse measurement. In this paper, we introduce the design, parameters, data acquisition and analysis of these two methods. Especially the software integration is given in this paper. Main interest is directed on the software development for emittance front-end control and data analysis such as evaluation algorithms.

TUM1CCO04

The VARIAN 250 MeV Superconducting Compact Proton Cyclotron: Medical Operation of the 2nd Machine, Production and Commissioning Status of Machines No. 3 to 7

cyclotron, proton, factory, induction

283

H. Röcken, M. Abdel-Bary, E.M. Akcoeltekin, P. Budz, T. Stephani, J.C. Wittschen
VMS-PT, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany

Varian Medical Systems Particle Therapy (the former ACCEL) has successfully finalized in 2008 the commissioning of its 2nd superconducting compact proton cyclotron for use in proton therapy. The 250 MeV machine serves as proton source for treatments at the first clinical proton therapy center in Germany which opened in early 2009. Furthermore, Varian is currently commissioning and factory testing its 3rd machine. We report on the operation and performance of the 2nd machine as well as on the successful cool-down, quench testing, and magnetic shimming of the 3rd machine. In addition we present RF commissioning plans using a newly developed solid state amplifier, and plans for the upcoming factory beam commissioning in the new Varian cyclotron test cell, scheduled for October 2010. Finally we provide a brief status and outlook on machines no. 4 to 7.

Slides TUM1CCO04 [5.761 MB]

TUM2CCO03

Commissioning of the JYFL MCC30/15 Cyclotron

cyclotron, proton, ion, ion-source

295

P. M.T. Heikkinen
JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland

The new MCC30/15 cyclotron from NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia, arrived at Jyväskylä on 10th of August 2009, as a partial compensation of the Former Soviet Union debt to Finland. The cyclotron required an extension for the old experimental hall. The building of the extension started in late August, 2008. Both the cyclotron and the building projects took a little more time than planned. However, the delay of both projects was less than two months, and so the building was ready to host the cyclotron by the beginning of August, 2009. The installation of the cyclotron was done by the manufacturer's (NIIEFA) specialists. Before the end of November 2009 the maximum extracted proton intensity (in pulses) was twice the guaranteed value and 24 % over the guaranteed value for deuterons. The final acceptance protocol was signed on 30th of April, 2010. In addition to the scientific work (IGISOL), the new MCC30/15 cyclotron is planned to be used for medical radioisotope production, mainly ¹²³I and ¹⁸F. Negotiations on the isotope production are underway.

Slides TUM2CCO03 [4.824 MB]

TUA2CIO01

Progress on Construction of CYCIAE-100

vacuum, extraction, ion, site

308

T.J. Zhang, Z.G. Li, Y.L. Lu
CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China

As a driving accelerator for RIB production, CYCIAE-100 will provide proton beam of 75MeV~100MeV with an intensity of 200 μA~500 μA. The design for each system has been accomplished and about 50% of fabricating work has been finished. The main magnet manufacture has entered the fine machining stage. Two main magnet coils have been completed, two 100 kW RF power supplies and transmission lines are tested with full output power, and the main vacuum chamber and main magnet elevating system will be completed soon. The construction designs and market surveys for other systems are finished and ready for purchase. Some key design and technology experiments are in process and significant results have been achieved in verifications. The Comprehensive Test Stand (CRM) has successfully passed the authoritative certification, and an important progress has been made for a full scale experimental RF cavity and its frequency and Q value measured agree well with the numerical data. The certification test of vacuum cryo-panel structure has been finished with valuable information to cryo-panel design. Key technical problems related to CYCIAE-100 are being solved along with the progress.

Slides TUA2CIO01 [11.584 MB]

THA1CIO02

First Commissioning Results from the Non-Scaling FFAG Accelerator, EMMA

septum, acceleration, injection, lattice

384

S.L. Smith
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

The first results from commissioning EMMA - the Electron Model of Many Applications- are summarised in this paper. EMMA is a 10 to 20 MeV electron ring designed to test our understanding of beam dynamics in a relativistic linear non-scaling fixed field alternating gradient accelerator (FFAG). EMMA will be the world's first non-scaling FFAG and the paper will outline the characteristics of the beam injected in to the accelerator as well as summarising the results of the 4 sector 'gantry-type' commissioning which took place at Daresbury Laboratory. The paper will report on recent progress made with the full EMMA ring commissioning, giving details of tune and orbit measurements as well as their correction to the desired lattice.

Slides THA1CIO02 [5.404 MB]

THA1CIO03

Innovations in Fixed-Field Accelerators: Design and Simulation

focusing, cyclotron, acceleration, synchrotron

389

C. Johnstone
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
M. Berz, K. Makino
MSU, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
S.R. Koscielniak
TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada
P. Snopok
UCR, Riverside, California, USA

The drive for high beam power, high duty cycle, and reliable beams has focused world interest on fixed field accelerators, notably Fixed-field Alternating Gradient accelerators (FFAGs) ' with cyclotrons representing a specific class of fixed-field accelerators. Recently, the concept of isochronous orbits has been developed for nonscaling FFAGs using new methodologies in FFAG design. The property of isochronous orbits enables the simplicity of fixed RF and, by tailoring a nonlinear radial field profile, the FFAG is isochronous well into the relativistic regime. The machine proposed here has the high current advantage and duty cycle of the cyclotron in combination with the strong focusing, smaller losses, and energy variability that are more typical of the synchrotron. Further, compact high-performance devices are often are operated in a regime where space charge effects become significant, but are complicated to analyze in fixed-field accelerators because of the cross talk between beams at different nearby radii. A new space charge simulation approach is under development in the code COSY INFINITY. This presentation reports on advances in FFAG accelerator design and simulation.

Slides THA1CIO03 [1.527 MB]