CYCLOTRONS 2010 - List of Keywords (emittance)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOA1CIO01	Intense Beam Operation of the NSCL/MSU Cyclotrons	ion, cyclotron, injection, extraction	27
	J.W. Stetson, G. Machicoane, F. Marti, D.R. Poe NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	Funding: Supported under National Science Foundation under grant No. PHY06-06007 Intense heavy ion beam acceleration by superconducting compact cyclotrons presents significant challenges since surfaces impacted by lost beam are subject to high thermal loads and consequent damage. High transmission efficiencies allow 0.7-1.0 kW beams to be routinely delivered for experiment at the NSCL, with minimal negative impact on reliability. Net beam transmission measured from just before the K500 to extracted beam from the K1200 can be about 30% depending on the ion used (factoring out the unavoidable loss due to the charge stripping foil in the K1200). Techniques and examples are discussed.
	Slides MOA1CIO01 [4.425 MB]

MOPCP026	Beam Extraction System for CYCIAE-14	extraction, cyclotron, target, proton	105
	S.M. Wei, S. An, W.P. Hu, M. Li, Y.L. Lu, L.P. Wen, H.D. Xie, J.S. Xing, Z.G. Yin, T.J. Zhang CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	A 14MeV medical cyclotron is under design and construction at CIAE, and H⁻ ion will be accelerated and extracted by carbon stripper in dual opposite direction. Two stripping points are chosen in each extracting direction to extract proton beams to different targets or beam lines to extend the use of the machine. Two modes have been considered for the extraction system. One is designed to be installed on the wall of the vacuum cavity, and the other is designed to be inserted vertically from the sector poles. The final choice depends on the agility, simplicity and results of the experimentation. The angle between the stripper and the beam orbit is optimized to improve the extracted beam quality. The results of numerical simulation show the two stripping points at each extraction direction, the beam orbit and the beam characteristic at each extraction direction. The comparison of the beam envelope of different stripper azimuth is also presented in this paper to show the influence of the stripper azimuth. Based on the concept design, the mechanical design and the experimentation of the DC motor in magnetic field have been conducted, with the results shown in the paper as well.

MOPCP038	Design Optimization of the Spiral Inflector for a High Current Compact Cyclotron	ion, cyclotron, space-charge, coupling	129
	A. Goswami, V.S. Pandit, P. Sing Babu DAE/VECC, Calcutta, India
	VECC is developing a 10 MeV, 5 mA compact proton cyclotron. 80 keV protons from a 2.45 GHz microwave ion source will be injected axially in the central region by a spiral inflector. Because of the high injection energy, the inflector will be comparatively large in size. In order to avoid the beam blow up due to space charge effect and to accommodate the inflector in the small available space in the central region, the design and optimization of the inflector parameters require special attention. This paper describes the design of the spiral inflector and studies its optical properties in the presence of space charge. The beam trajectory calculation from the entrance of the spiral inflector to the central region of the cyclotron have been carried out using the magnetic field data obtained from a 3D code and the electric field data from RELAX3D. We have also checked the orbit centering of the injected beam using a central region code. We have evaluated the effect of linear space charge and carried out optimization of the input beam parameters to minimize the coupling effects between two transverse planes at the inflector exit and to match the acceptance of the central region.

MOPCP043	Modification of the Central Region in the RIKEN AVF Cyclotron for Acceleration at the H=1 RF Harmonic	acceleration, proton, cyclotron, ion	138
	S.B. Vorozhtsov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia A. Goto RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan V.L. Smirnov JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
	Funding: JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Russia, and RIKEN, Wako, Japan A highly advanced upgrade plan of the RIKEN AVF cyclotron is under way. The study is focused on the formulation of the new acceleration regimes in the AVF cyclotron by detailed orbit simulations. The extension of the acceleration energy region of light ions towards higher energies in the existing RF harmonic equal to 2 and the modification of the central geometry for the RF harmonic equal to 1 to allow an acceleration of protons at several tens of MeV are considered. The substantial redesign of the central electrode structure is needed to accelerate protons with reasonable values of the dee voltage. The new inflector geometry and the optimized central electrode structure have been formulated for the upgrade.

MOPCP050	Studies of ECRIS Ion Beam Formation and Quality at the Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä	ion, space-charge, ion-source, plasma	153
	V.A. Toivanen, V.P. Aho, J. Ärje, J.A. Kauppinen, H. A. Koivisto, O.A. Tarvainen JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland L. Celona, G. Ciavola, S. Gammino, D. Mascali INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy A. Galatà INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy T. Ropponen NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	During the last couple of years a lot of effort has been put into studies concerning the ion beam formation and beam quality of electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (ECRISs) at the Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä (JYFL). The effects of microwave frequency fine tuning on the performance of JYFL 14 GHz ECRIS have been studied with multiple experiments in collaboration with INFN-LNS (Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud). Also, a number of measurements have been carried out to study the effects of space charge compensation of ion beams on the beam quality. In order to proceed further with these studies, a modified version of the beam potential measurement device developed at LBNL (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) is under development. Simulations are used to study the possibility to improve the beam quality by biasing the beginning of the beam line upstream from m/q separation. With high voltage biasing the beam energy could be increased temporarily over the limit of the injection system of the accelerator. Latest results and current status of these projects will be presented and discussed.

MOPCP053	ECR Ion Source Development at the AGOR Facility	plasma, ion, extraction, simulation	156
	V. Mironov, J.P.M. Beijers, S. Brandenburg, H.R. Kremers, J. Mulder, S. Saminathan KVI, Groningen, The Netherlands
	Funding: This work is supported by the European Union through EURONS, contract 506065 and the "Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie" (FOM). This paper reports on recent work to improve the performance of the 14 GHz KVI-AECR ion source, which is used as an injector for the AGOR cyclotron. We have installed stainless-steel screens at the injection and extraction sides and an additional collar around the extraction aperture resulting in better plasma stability and an increase of extracted ion currents. Stability and output are also improved by the use of additional RF power at 12 GHz. Source tuning is aided by continuously observing the visible light output of the plasma through the extraction aperture with a ccd camera. We now routinely extract 700 μA of O⁶⁺ and 50 μA of Pb²⁷⁺ ions. Source optimization is supported by extensive computational modeling of the ion transport in the low-energy beam line and measuring the transverse emittance of the extracted ion beam with a pepperpot emittance meter. These efforts have shown that second-order aberrations in the analyzing magnet lead to a significant increase of the effective beam emittance. Work to compensate these aberrations is underway

MOPCP101	Beam Extraction System of Compact Cyclotron	extraction, cyclotron, simulation, ion	256
	H.F. Hao, K.D. Man, M.T. Song, Y.L. Su, B. Wang, Q.G. Yao, H.W. Zhao IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	Based on the beam orbit and dynamics simulations, the extraction system of a compact cyclotron is determined, and the beam parameters of the extracted beam are calculated.

MOPCP109	The Design of Transverse Emittance Measurement at HIRFL-CSR	controls, heavy-ion, ion, storage-ring	272
	P. Li, J.X. Wu, Y.Q. Yang, Y.J. Yuan IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	Funding: *Work supported by HIRFL-CSR project #lipeng@impcas.ac.cn HIRFL-CSR is a multi-purpose heavy ion storage ring in Lanzhou. In order to measure the transverse emittance of the injected beam on the transfer channel to the HIRFL-CSR, two kinds of emittance measurement devices which included pepper-pot and slit-grid were proposed. The pepper-pot is unique in providing an instantaneous measurement of the two-dimensional emittance of a beam. The data acquired by this method is only an image. The slit-grid is a one dimensional emittance measurement device. During the measurement, the slit, driven by the stepper motor is moved stepwise across the beam, and then the signal induced on the grid will be stored in the computer for further analysis. Because slit-grid is one dimensional device, two sets of this device are needed for transverse measurement. In this paper, we introduce the design, parameters, data acquisition and analysis of these two methods. Especially the software integration is given in this paper. Main interest is directed on the software development for emittance front-end control and data analysis such as evaluation algorithms.

TUM1CCO03	Reliable Production of Multiple High Intensity Beams with the 500 MeV TRIUMF Cyclotron	cyclotron, extraction, injection, ion	280
	R.A. Baartman, F.W. Bach, I.V. Bylinskii, J.F. Cessford, G. Dutto, D.T. Gray, A. Hurst, K. Jayamanna, M. Mouat, Y.-N. Rao, W.R. Rawnsley, L.W. Root, R. Ruegg, V.A. Verzilov TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada
	In 2001, after 25 years of smooth cyclotron operation with up to ~200 μA H¯ acceleration, developments towards higher intensities became compelling because of the ISAC expansion. Recently average current of 300 μA, within a nominal ~90% duty cycle, was routinely achieved. Beam availability was 90-94% over the last five years. Development highlights are discussed in the paper. These include: ion source and beam transport re-optimized for this cyclotron acceptance; the 12 m long vertical injection line section was redesigned to accommodate higher space charge. In the centre region, a water cooled beam scraper was installed to absorb unwanted phases; other electrodes were realigned. Other activities were aimed at beam stability enhancement for ISAC. This included: reducing ν_r = 3/2 resonance effects at 420 MeV, stabilizing the intensity of the primary beam through pulser feedback regulation and improving beam quality at the target through beam optics optimization and target position stability feedback, etc. Extraction was also improved, using special stripping foils.
	Slides TUM1CCO03 [1.882 MB]

WEM2CCO05	Beam Diagnostics for RIBF in RIKEN	cyclotron, ion, pick-up, monitoring	351
	T. Watanabe, M. Fujimaki, N. Fukunishi, O. Kamigaito, M. Kase, M. Komiyama, R. Koyama, H. Watanabe RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
	In the present work, many varieties of beam diagnostics have been played a tremendous role for the RIBF (RI Beam Factory) in RIKEN. During beam user's experiments, it is essential to keep the beam transmission efficiency as high as possible, because the production of RI beams requires an intense primary beam, and the activation of the beam transport chambers induced by beam loss should be avoided. This presentation will include the overview of the Faraday cups, the transverse beam profile monitors, radial probes and phase probes to tune the accelerators and the beam transport line. To realize the stable operation of the accelerator complex, the nondestructive monitoring system of RF fields and beam-phase by using lock-in amplifies are used. Plastic scintillation monitors have been fabricated to evaluate the energy and longitudinal profiles of heavy-ion beams. Furthermore, a highly sensitive beam current (position) monitor with a high Tc (Critical Temperature) SQUID (Superconducting QUantum Interference Device) monitor, has been developed. We will report the present status of the facility, the details of the beam diagnostics and the results of the beam measurement.
	Slides WEM2CCO05 [6.855 MB]

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOA1CIO01

Intense Beam Operation of the NSCL/MSU Cyclotrons

ion, cyclotron, injection, extraction

27

J.W. Stetson, G. Machicoane, F. Marti, D.R. Poe
NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Funding: Supported under National Science Foundation under grant No. PHY06-06007
Intense heavy ion beam acceleration by superconducting compact cyclotrons presents significant challenges since surfaces impacted by lost beam are subject to high thermal loads and consequent damage. High transmission efficiencies allow 0.7-1.0 kW beams to be routinely delivered for experiment at the NSCL, with minimal negative impact on reliability. Net beam transmission measured from just before the K500 to extracted beam from the K1200 can be about 30% depending on the ion used (factoring out the unavoidable loss due to the charge stripping foil in the K1200). Techniques and examples are discussed.

Slides MOA1CIO01 [4.425 MB]

MOPCP026

Beam Extraction System for CYCIAE-14

extraction, cyclotron, target, proton

105

S.M. Wei, S. An, W.P. Hu, M. Li, Y.L. Lu, L.P. Wen, H.D. Xie, J.S. Xing, Z.G. Yin, T.J. Zhang
CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China

A 14MeV medical cyclotron is under design and construction at CIAE, and H⁻ ion will be accelerated and extracted by carbon stripper in dual opposite direction. Two stripping points are chosen in each extracting direction to extract proton beams to different targets or beam lines to extend the use of the machine. Two modes have been considered for the extraction system. One is designed to be installed on the wall of the vacuum cavity, and the other is designed to be inserted vertically from the sector poles. The final choice depends on the agility, simplicity and results of the experimentation. The angle between the stripper and the beam orbit is optimized to improve the extracted beam quality. The results of numerical simulation show the two stripping points at each extraction direction, the beam orbit and the beam characteristic at each extraction direction. The comparison of the beam envelope of different stripper azimuth is also presented in this paper to show the influence of the stripper azimuth. Based on the concept design, the mechanical design and the experimentation of the DC motor in magnetic field have been conducted, with the results shown in the paper as well.

MOPCP038

Design Optimization of the Spiral Inflector for a High Current Compact Cyclotron

ion, cyclotron, space-charge, coupling

129

A. Goswami, V.S. Pandit, P. Sing Babu
DAE/VECC, Calcutta, India

VECC is developing a 10 MeV, 5 mA compact proton cyclotron. 80 keV protons from a 2.45 GHz microwave ion source will be injected axially in the central region by a spiral inflector. Because of the high injection energy, the inflector will be comparatively large in size. In order to avoid the beam blow up due to space charge effect and to accommodate the inflector in the small available space in the central region, the design and optimization of the inflector parameters require special attention. This paper describes the design of the spiral inflector and studies its optical properties in the presence of space charge. The beam trajectory calculation from the entrance of the spiral inflector to the central region of the cyclotron have been carried out using the magnetic field data obtained from a 3D code and the electric field data from RELAX3D. We have also checked the orbit centering of the injected beam using a central region code. We have evaluated the effect of linear space charge and carried out optimization of the input beam parameters to minimize the coupling effects between two transverse planes at the inflector exit and to match the acceptance of the central region.

MOPCP043

Modification of the Central Region in the RIKEN AVF Cyclotron for Acceleration at the H=1 RF Harmonic

acceleration, proton, cyclotron, ion

138

S.B. Vorozhtsov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
A. Goto
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
V.L. Smirnov
JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia

Funding: JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Russia, and RIKEN, Wako, Japan
A highly advanced upgrade plan of the RIKEN AVF cyclotron is under way. The study is focused on the formulation of the new acceleration regimes in the AVF cyclotron by detailed orbit simulations. The extension of the acceleration energy region of light ions towards higher energies in the existing RF harmonic equal to 2 and the modification of the central geometry for the RF harmonic equal to 1 to allow an acceleration of protons at several tens of MeV are considered. The substantial redesign of the central electrode structure is needed to accelerate protons with reasonable values of the dee voltage. The new inflector geometry and the optimized central electrode structure have been formulated for the upgrade.

MOPCP050

Studies of ECRIS Ion Beam Formation and Quality at the Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä

ion, space-charge, ion-source, plasma

153

V.A. Toivanen, V.P. Aho, J. Ärje, J.A. Kauppinen, H. A. Koivisto, O.A. Tarvainen
JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland
L. Celona, G. Ciavola, S. Gammino, D. Mascali
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
A. Galatà
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
T. Ropponen
NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

During the last couple of years a lot of effort has been put into studies concerning the ion beam formation and beam quality of electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (ECRISs) at the Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä (JYFL). The effects of microwave frequency fine tuning on the performance of JYFL 14 GHz ECRIS have been studied with multiple experiments in collaboration with INFN-LNS (Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud). Also, a number of measurements have been carried out to study the effects of space charge compensation of ion beams on the beam quality. In order to proceed further with these studies, a modified version of the beam potential measurement device developed at LBNL (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) is under development. Simulations are used to study the possibility to improve the beam quality by biasing the beginning of the beam line upstream from m/q separation. With high voltage biasing the beam energy could be increased temporarily over the limit of the injection system of the accelerator. Latest results and current status of these projects will be presented and discussed.

MOPCP053

ECR Ion Source Development at the AGOR Facility

plasma, ion, extraction, simulation

156

V. Mironov, J.P.M. Beijers, S. Brandenburg, H.R. Kremers, J. Mulder, S. Saminathan
KVI, Groningen, The Netherlands

Funding: This work is supported by the European Union through EURONS, contract 506065 and the "Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie" (FOM).
This paper reports on recent work to improve the performance of the 14 GHz KVI-AECR ion source, which is used as an injector for the AGOR cyclotron. We have installed stainless-steel screens at the injection and extraction sides and an additional collar around the extraction aperture resulting in better plasma stability and an increase of extracted ion currents. Stability and output are also improved by the use of additional RF power at 12 GHz. Source tuning is aided by continuously observing the visible light output of the plasma through the extraction aperture with a ccd camera. We now routinely extract 700 μA of O⁶⁺ and 50 μA of Pb²⁷⁺ ions. Source optimization is supported by extensive computational modeling of the ion transport in the low-energy beam line and measuring the transverse emittance of the extracted ion beam with a pepperpot emittance meter. These efforts have shown that second-order aberrations in the analyzing magnet lead to a significant increase of the effective beam emittance. Work to compensate these aberrations is underway

MOPCP101

Beam Extraction System of Compact Cyclotron

extraction, cyclotron, simulation, ion

256

H.F. Hao, K.D. Man, M.T. Song, Y.L. Su, B. Wang, Q.G. Yao, H.W. Zhao
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

Based on the beam orbit and dynamics simulations, the extraction system of a compact cyclotron is determined, and the beam parameters of the extracted beam are calculated.

MOPCP109

The Design of Transverse Emittance Measurement at HIRFL-CSR

controls, heavy-ion, ion, storage-ring

272

P. Li, J.X. Wu, Y.Q. Yang, Y.J. Yuan
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

Funding: *Work supported by HIRFL-CSR project #lipeng@impcas.ac.cn
HIRFL-CSR is a multi-purpose heavy ion storage ring in Lanzhou. In order to measure the transverse emittance of the injected beam on the transfer channel to the HIRFL-CSR, two kinds of emittance measurement devices which included pepper-pot and slit-grid were proposed. The pepper-pot is unique in providing an instantaneous measurement of the two-dimensional emittance of a beam. The data acquired by this method is only an image. The slit-grid is a one dimensional emittance measurement device. During the measurement, the slit, driven by the stepper motor is moved stepwise across the beam, and then the signal induced on the grid will be stored in the computer for further analysis. Because slit-grid is one dimensional device, two sets of this device are needed for transverse measurement. In this paper, we introduce the design, parameters, data acquisition and analysis of these two methods. Especially the software integration is given in this paper. Main interest is directed on the software development for emittance front-end control and data analysis such as evaluation algorithms.

TUM1CCO03

Reliable Production of Multiple High Intensity Beams with the 500 MeV TRIUMF Cyclotron

cyclotron, extraction, injection, ion

280

R.A. Baartman, F.W. Bach, I.V. Bylinskii, J.F. Cessford, G. Dutto, D.T. Gray, A. Hurst, K. Jayamanna, M. Mouat, Y.-N. Rao, W.R. Rawnsley, L.W. Root, R. Ruegg, V.A. Verzilov
TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada

In 2001, after 25 years of smooth cyclotron operation with up to ~200 μA H¯ acceleration, developments towards higher intensities became compelling because of the ISAC expansion. Recently average current of 300 μA, within a nominal ~90% duty cycle, was routinely achieved. Beam availability was 90-94% over the last five years. Development highlights are discussed in the paper. These include: ion source and beam transport re-optimized for this cyclotron acceptance; the 12 m long vertical injection line section was redesigned to accommodate higher space charge. In the centre region, a water cooled beam scraper was installed to absorb unwanted phases; other electrodes were realigned. Other activities were aimed at beam stability enhancement for ISAC. This included: reducing ν_r = 3/2 resonance effects at 420 MeV, stabilizing the intensity of the primary beam through pulser feedback regulation and improving beam quality at the target through beam optics optimization and target position stability feedback, etc. Extraction was also improved, using special stripping foils.

Slides TUM1CCO03 [1.882 MB]

WEM2CCO05

Beam Diagnostics for RIBF in RIKEN

cyclotron, ion, pick-up, monitoring

351

T. Watanabe, M. Fujimaki, N. Fukunishi, O. Kamigaito, M. Kase, M. Komiyama, R. Koyama, H. Watanabe
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan

In the present work, many varieties of beam diagnostics have been played a tremendous role for the RIBF (RI Beam Factory) in RIKEN. During beam user's experiments, it is essential to keep the beam transmission efficiency as high as possible, because the production of RI beams requires an intense primary beam, and the activation of the beam transport chambers induced by beam loss should be avoided. This presentation will include the overview of the Faraday cups, the transverse beam profile monitors, radial probes and phase probes to tune the accelerators and the beam transport line. To realize the stable operation of the accelerator complex, the nondestructive monitoring system of RF fields and beam-phase by using lock-in amplifies are used. Plastic scintillation monitors have been fabricated to evaluate the energy and longitudinal profiles of heavy-ion beams. Furthermore, a highly sensitive beam current (position) monitor with a high Tc (Critical Temperature) SQUID (Superconducting QUantum Interference Device) monitor, has been developed. We will report the present status of the facility, the details of the beam diagnostics and the results of the beam measurement.

Slides WEM2CCO05 [6.855 MB]