CYCLOTRONS 2010 - List of Keywords (ion-source)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOM2CIO01	Review of High Power Cyclotrons for Heavy Ion Beams	cyclotron, ion, heavy-ion, beam-losses	9
	A. Goto RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
	Since heavy ion cyclotrons for use in radioactive beam sciences were built in laboratories worldwide in 1980's, a lot of efforts on the upgrade of many such cyclotrons have been made in terms of beam intensity as well as beam energy. This talk describes an overview of such cyclotrons that provide heavy ion beams with the power in kW range or higher. Some technological issues related to high-power heavy ion beams are also discussed based on the experiences of those cyclotrons.
	Slides MOM2CIO01 [8.469 MB]

MOM2CIO02	Intense Beam Operation at GANIL	ion, target, cyclotron, acceleration	16
	F. Chautard GANIL, Caen, France
	The GANIL (Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds) produces and accelerates stable ions beams since 1982. The first radioactive beam post-accelerated with the CIME cyclotron happened in 2001. In 2013, stable beams with higher intensities and new energy range will be available from the new superconducting linear accelerator SPIRAL2. In 2015, new exotic beams will be accelerated with the existing cyclotron CIME. This paper will show how GANIL manages the SPIRAL2 machine arrival by continuing the delivery of high intensity and exotic beams. But also by pursuing the developments of the machine capabilities in a project structure in order to keep equipments running with a high reliability yield and still responding to physics demands. The progress in ion source production will be exposed. Finally, it will be presented the foreseen calendar of the exploitation for the existing machine together with SPIRAL2.
	Slides MOM2CIO02 [2.928 MB]

MOM2CCO04	Recent Progress on the Facility Upgrade for Accelerated Radioactive Beams at Texas A&M	ion, cyclotron, injection, extraction	24
	D.P. May, R.E. Tribble Texas A&M University Cyclotron Institute, College Station, Texas, USA F.P. Abegglen, G. Chubaryan, G.J. Derrig, G.J. Kim, G. Tabacaru Texas A&M University, Cyclotron Institute, College Station, USA
	Funding: Supported by U. S. Dept. of Energy Grant DE-FG02-93ER40773 The Cyclotron Institute at Texas A&M University is involved in an upgrade, one goal of which is to provide radioactive ion beams accelerated to intermediate energies by the K500 superconducting cyclotron. The old 88" cyclotron, now the K150, has been refurbished to be used as a driver and also to provide higher intensity, low-energy, primary beams for experiments. Two external ion sources, an electron-cyclotron-resonance ion source (ECRIS) and a multi-cusp negative ion source, have been installed on a new axial line to inject beams into a modified K150 central region. Acceleration of negative ions of protons and deuterons with stripping for extraction will be used in order to mitigate activation of the K150. Beams from the K150 will be used to create radioactive species via a light-ion guide and a heavy-ion guide. Singly charged ions from either ion guide will be transported to an ECRIS that is configured to capture these ions and further ionize them. One charge-state from this second ECRIS will be selected for subsequent acceleration by the K500. Progress on the upgrade, including the acceleration and extraction of both negative and positive beams by the K150, is presented.
	Slides MOM2CCO04 [1.690 MB]

MOA2CCO03	Status of the LBNL 88-Inch Cyclotron High-Voltage Injection Upgrade Project	cyclotron, ion, injection, vacuum	45
	K. Yoshiki Franzen, P.W. Casey, A. Hodgkinson, M. Kireeff Covo, D. Leitner, C.M. Lyneis, L. Phair, P. Pipersky LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	The goal of the project includes design of a new center region that allows external beam injection at injection voltages between 20 and 30 kV for high intensity beams. This new center region will make use of a spiral inflector to eliminate the use of a gridded mirror for high intensity beams. At the same time the mechanical design of the new center region must be flexible enough to allow use of the current center region for less intense beams. The use of two or more different center regions is necessary to cover the wide range of operation parameter space utilized by the 88-Inch Cyclotron Nuclear Science and Applied research program. The project also includes HV upgrades of the external injection lines and HV insulation of the AECR and VENUS source with the goal to provide focusing for beams up to 25 kV or if feasible up to 30 kV. The current spiral inflector design is based on extensive 3D FEM simulations which results will be presented. In addition results from ongoing efforts to improve on the transport efficiency from the AECR ion source to the current mirror inflector will be discussed.
	Slides MOA2CCO03 [1.359 MB]

MOPCP013	Magnetic Field Calculation and Magnet Shimming Simulation for the CYCHU-10 Cyclotron	cyclotron, extraction, simulation, controls	69
	Z. Chen, D.Z. Chen, K.F. Liu, B. Qin HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
	The compact internal ion source cyclotron CYCHU-10 developed in Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) is in magnet machining, and will be assembled soon later. Difference between the ideal computation and practical measurement of the magnetic field is an important reference for magnet shimming. So in this paper, a further study on magnet field computation using FEM is implemented. By giving diverse boundaries and grid meshes, a quarter and a half models are both calculated to make sure correctness of the ideal model. Besides, the research on magnet shimming is also carried out. A new shim tool based on an improved matrix method combining the multiple linear regression is developed to simulate the practical shimming process. With the aid of 3D finite element code and beam dynamics code, an iterative shimming process has been accomplished successfully. The results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the shim tool.

MOPCP017	New High Intensity Compact Negative Hydrogen Ion Cyclotrons	cyclotron, ion, extraction, injection	81
	V. Sabaiduc, D. Du, W. Gyles, R.R. Johnson, K. Suthanthiran BCSI, Vancouver, BC, Canada E.P. Conard PAC sprl, Dion Valmont, Belgium W.Z. Gelbart ASD, Garden Bay, Canada
	Best Cyclotron Systems Inc (BCSI) has been established in Springfield, Virginia, US, for the design and production of commercial cyclotrons. The company is a subsidiary of Best Medical International renowned in the field of medical instrumentation and radiation therapy. Cyclotrons are manufactured and tested at Best Theratronics, Ottawa. BCSI is initially focusing on three different energy cyclotrons. All have four radial sectors with two dees in opposite valleys and simultaneous beam extraction on opposite lines. The BEST14p is designed for fixed 14 MeV extraction 100 μA internal upgradable to 400 μA external ion source for PET isotopes and 99mTc production. The BEST35p is designed for variable energy extraction up to 35 MeV and combined current in excess of 1.5 mA. The BEST70p is designed for variable energy extraction up to 70 MeV with a combined current of 800 μA. It may be used as injector to a post-accelerator simultaneously with isotope production. BEST70p is most challenging given its present state of the art design. Design goals are total H⁻ vacuum or e.m. losses ≤2%; dee voltage increasing with radius from 60 kV to 81 kV; extracted beam emittance <4π mm mrad.

MOPCP019	Present Status of JAEA AVF Cyclotron Facility	ion, cyclotron, target, acceleration	87
	T. Yuyama, I. Ishibori, T. Ishizaka, H. Kashiwagi, S. Kurashima, N. Miyawaki, T. Nara, S. Okumura, W. Yokota, K. Yoshida, Y. Yuri JAEA/TARRI, Gunma-ken, Japan
	The JAEA AVF cyclotron provides various ion beams mainly for research in materials science and biotechnology such as estimation of radiation hardness of space-use devices, and plant breeding by ion beams. We have been developing ion sources, the cyclotron, and beam irradiation techniques to meet requirements from users. In order to stabilize the beam intensity, power supplies for magnets were improved by installing a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) unit with a Peltier device for coil current control. As a result, coil current stability of main magnet of ± 5 × 10^-6 has been obtained by the renewed DAC unit which guarantees temperature control within 1°C at 30°C. Initially, it took about eight hours to form a heavy-ion microbeam, so it was impractical to change the microbeam ion species in an experiment. However, the microbeam of a 520 MeV 40Ar¹⁴⁺ has been successfully changed to the one of a 260 MeV ²⁰Ne⁷⁺ within 30 minutes using a cocktail beam acceleration technique. A beam profile uniformization system using multipole magnets are being developed to enable uniform irradiation of a large sample at a constant particle fluence rate.

MOPCP028	Facility for Modification and Analysis of Materials with Ion Beams (FAMA)	ion, target, light-ion, cyclotron	108
	A. Dobrosavljević, P. Beličev, V. Jocić, N. Nešković, I.M. Trajić, V. Vujović, Lj. Vukosavljević VINCA, Belgrade, Serbia
	The facility for modification and analysis of materials with ion beams (FAMA) is the low energy part of the TESLA Accelerator Installation, in the Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia. It presently comprises two machines: a heavy ion source (M1) and a light ion source (M2), and two experimental channels: a channel for analysis of ion beams (C1) and a channel for surface modification of materials (C2). In April 2009 the Vinča Institute signed a contract with the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia, on the upgrading of FAMA. The contract comprises: (i) the refurbishment of the M1 and M2 machines and the C1 and C2 channels, (ii) the construction of a channel for ion implantation (C3) and a channel for deeper modification of materials (C4), (iii) the construction of a small isochronous cyclotron (M3), and (iv) the construction of a channel for analysis of materials in vacuum (C5) and a channel for analysis of materials in air (C6). This presentation is devoted to the upgraded FAMA and its research program.

MOPCP030	The Injection Line and Central Region Design of CYCIAE-70	injection, cyclotron, ion, proton	111
	M. Li, X.L. Jia, Y.L. Lu, C. Wang, J.J. Yang, H.J. Yao, T.J. Zhang CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	A compact cyclotron CYCIAE-70 is under design at CIAE capable of providing both 70MeV, 700μA H⁻ beam and 35MeV, 40μA D- beam. Both beams are produced by a single external multicusp ion source, injected axially with a transport line and bent onto the median plane through a spiral inflector. The injection line utilizes two solenoids and a quadruple triplet for transverse focusing and a buncher to increase the injection efficiency. The beam optics design is performed using TRANSOPTR, taking into account space charge effects and neutralization. The inflector is capable of bending both H⁻ and D- beams with a transmission efficiency of over 80%. The central particles are tracked backwards to obtain the initial reference orbit of the first several turns. The electrode structures and the shape of Dee tips are then optimized to achieve matching at the inflector exit and to maximize the acceptance of central region. The central region is capable to accept both beams without component replacement. The preliminary design results of the injection line, spiral inflector and center region are elaborated, and the beam matching from the ion source to the central region is presented.

MOPCP032	Design Study of Compact Cyclotron For Injection of K=100 SSC	cyclotron, ion, injection, extraction	117
	B.N. Lee, J.-S. Chai, H.W. Kim, J.H. Oh SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
	Funding: Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Republic of Korea Department of Energy Science and School of Information and Communication Engineering of SungKyunKwan University The Compact cyclotron was designed for injection of K=100 Separated Sector Cyclotron(SSC). It has four magnet sectors with pancake type and maximum magnetic fields is 1.92 T. The magnet adopting 4 harmonics has three kind of holes for beam injection, vacuum pumps and RF systems. The pole diameter was chosen about 70 cm with 50 kV dee-voltage and 40° dee-angles. The ion-source of this accelerator consists of a double gap buncher, Solenoid Qaudrupole Qaudrupole(SQQ) and a spiral inflector. It will provide a 4~8 MeV, ~1 mA of proton beams and 2~4 MeV, ~0.5mA of deuteron ion beam. In this paper we will describe the conceptual design of this machine including the Ion-source, Injection system, Magnet and RF system. etc.

MOPCP037	Central Region Design of a Baby Cyclotron	cyclotron, ion, isotope-production, extraction	126
	X. He TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China K. Zhang CAEP/IFP, Mainyang, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
	Baby cyclotrons are widely used in short lived beta+ radioactive isotope production for PET. Central region design is one of the most important part of the design work of the cyclotron. Central region design, including design process and design results is presentd in this paper.

MOPCP047	Analysis of Beam Quality Optimization of Bucket Ion Source	ion, proton, plasma, electron	147
	Y.H. Xie, C.D. Hu, C.C. Jiang, L.Z. Liang, S. Liu, Y.L. Xie ASIPP, Hefei, People's Republic of China
	Funding: The National Nature Science Foundation of China (contract number: 10875146) The bucket ion source is widely used as the high energy beam source on the high power neutral beam injector system. A hot cathode bucket ion source is studied for the diagnostic neutral beam injector. The main parameters which influence the performance of bucket ion source are arc voltage, filament voltage, gas inlet rate and extracted voltage. In the experiment, only one parameter setting is varied when other parameter settings are fixed. The characteristics of ion source are got and the parameters setting valve are as follows: four filaments current from 500 A to 550 A, arc voltage from 120 V to 200 V, and ion source pressure during discharge is from 2.0 mTorr to 4.5 mTorr, extracted voltage from 40kV to 50kV. The arc current is higher than 100 A, and extracted beam current can reaches 6 A. Based on this, the arc efficiency, beam power deposition and beam proton ratio of ion source are analyzed and optimized. The proton ratio of extracted beam increased from 28 % to 40 %. It is very useful for the experimental operation and study about the bucket ion source.

MOPCP049	Ion Source Related Research Work at JYFL	ion, electron, plasma, resonance	150
	H. A. Koivisto, V.P. Aho, J. Ärje, T. Kalvas, J.A. Kauppinen, J.P. Kommpula, T. Ropponen, O.A. Tarvainen, V.A. Toivanen JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland
	In this article the work of the JYFL ion source group will be presented. New bremsstrahlung measurements were carried out in order to compare the results with different electron heating models, especially defining the endpoint energy of the bremsstrahlung spectra. A project to obtain new information about the ion temperatures and their time evolution has been initiated. The study will be performed using spectroscopic techniques measuring the ion temperature through the Doppler broadening of emission lines. The objective is to reveal accurate information about the time evolution of highly charged ions in the ECRIS plasma. The work also includes frequency tuning experiments, beam quality experiments and tests with a so-called collar structure. The beneficial effect of collar was first tested and noticed with the ECR ion sources by the KVI ion source group and has been shortly confirmed at JYFL in collaboration with the KVI research group. The JYFL ion source group is also developing a low energy electron gun for the spacecraft applications. The results of the development work can possibly be applied also with the ion sources in order to increase the density of cold electrons.

MOPCP050	Studies of ECRIS Ion Beam Formation and Quality at the Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä	ion, space-charge, emittance, plasma	153
	V.A. Toivanen, V.P. Aho, J. Ärje, J.A. Kauppinen, H. A. Koivisto, O.A. Tarvainen JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland L. Celona, G. Ciavola, S. Gammino, D. Mascali INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy A. Galatà INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy T. Ropponen NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	During the last couple of years a lot of effort has been put into studies concerning the ion beam formation and beam quality of electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (ECRISs) at the Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä (JYFL). The effects of microwave frequency fine tuning on the performance of JYFL 14 GHz ECRIS have been studied with multiple experiments in collaboration with INFN-LNS (Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud). Also, a number of measurements have been carried out to study the effects of space charge compensation of ion beams on the beam quality. In order to proceed further with these studies, a modified version of the beam potential measurement device developed at LBNL (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) is under development. Simulations are used to study the possibility to improve the beam quality by biasing the beginning of the beam line upstream from m/q separation. With high voltage biasing the beam energy could be increased temporarily over the limit of the injection system of the accelerator. Latest results and current status of these projects will be presented and discussed.

MOPCP079	Optimization of Sector Geometry of a Compact Cyclotron by Random Search Method	cyclotron, proton, extraction, betatron	212
	P. Sing Babu, A. Goswami, V.S. Pandit, P.R. Sarma DAE/VECC, Calcutta, India
	A compact four sector 10 MeV, 5 mA proton cyclotron is being developed at VECC, Kolkata. Proton beam at 80keV from a 2.45 GHz ion source (under testing) will be first collimated and bunched and will be injected axially in the central region where a spiral inflector will place the beam on the orbit. This paper describes the procedure of optimizing the sector geometry of the magnet to obtain the desired isochronous field. Due to fringe field effect, analytical formulae do not predict the correct sector shape particularly at the lower radii in the cases of compact cyclotrons, where hill gap is very small and valley gap is large. Hence a 3D code becomes necessary to obtain the correct shape and size of the magnet sectors. This involves a lengthy iterative procedure of determining the hill angle at a large number of radii. In our procedure magnet sector is described in terms of a small number of parameters which are iteratively determined by random search technique geared to minimize the frequency error. 3D magnetic field data and results of equilibrium orbit code are used as input to the code developed for the optimization.

MOPCP088	The Simulation on Beam Interaction with Background Particles	target, ion, simulation, background	230
	C.D. Hu, L.Z. Liang, J.L. Wei ASIPP, Hefei, People's Republic of China
	Funding: Supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (10875146) and the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Y05FCQ0128) A particle simulation with Monte Carlo was developed to study beam interaction with background particles in neutral beam injector. The collision processes associated with charge state change and reaction cross-section were analyzed for neutralization and re-ionization. Take the neutralization processes as a reference, for the positive arc discharge ion source, there are three different original ion species in the energetic ion beam. In evolution, a fast particle will suffer kinds of collisions decided by the collision cross-section or no impact within the target gas. Classify those collisions and their cross-sections according the change of charge state and momentum. Discretize the distribution of target gas density along the neutralizer properly. As a result, the neutralizer is divided into many extremely short segments averagely. So the gas density quantity at middle point can be regarded as that of each segment. According to the collision cross-section, select a random number to determine the evolution of particle states in each segments. With that particle simulation, the neutralization efficiency is estimated.

MOPCP092	Study on PXI and PAC-Based HIL Simulation Control System of CYCHU-10 Cyclotron	simulation, controls, cyclotron, target	239
	X. Hu, D. Li, Y.Q. Xiong, J. Yang, T. Yu HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
	Using the technology of hardware in loop (HIL), control system simulation model of the CYCHU-10 cyclotron is developed with real-time, simulation and statechart module under the LabVIEW environment. A prototyping design method based on NI PXI operation condition virtual platform and PAC controller is presented. The result indicates that the platform is feasible and effective in completing control system test under hardware virtual environment and shortening development time.

MOPCP100	Axial Injection Beam Line of a Compact Cyclotron	ion, cyclotron, injection, vacuum	254
	J.Q. Zhang, Y. Cao, L.Z. Ma, A. Shi, M.T. Song, L.P. Sun, X.T. Yang, Q.G. Yao, Z.M. You, X.Q. Zhang, X.Z. Zhang, H.W. Zhao, J.H. Zheng IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	Axial injection beam line of the therapy cyclotron is presented. It is intended for transportation of the C⁵⁺ ion beam obtained in the permanent magnet ion source. The beam line is only 3.486 m from the ion source to the entrance of spiral inflector, it consists of two sets glasser lens, one set double 90° bend magnet, one quadrupole lens and two solenoid lens. A big vacuum chamber is installed in the vertical part of the beam line, the sinusoidal buncher, the Faraday cap, the slit collimator and chopper are located in the vacuum chamber. The sinusoidal buncher is used for increasing of the seizing efficiency. The Faraday cap is used for the beam diagnostics. The bend magnet with the slit collimator is used for choice of C⁵⁺ ion beam. The chopper is used for choice of the beam utilizing time.

TUM2CIO01	Status of RIBF Accelerators at RIKEN	cyclotron, ion, rfq, acceleration	286
	O. Kamigaito, S. Arai, T. Dantsuka, M. Fujimaki, T. Fujinawa, H. Fujisawa, N. Fukunishi, A. Goto, H. Hasebe, Y. Higurashi, K. Ikegami, E. Ikezawa, H. Imao, T. Kageyama, M. Kase, M. Kidera, M. Komiyama, H. Kuboki, K. Kumagai, T. Maie, M. Nagase, T. Nakagawa, M. Nakamura, J. Ohnishi, H. Okuno, N. Sakamoto, K. Suda, H. Watanabe, T. Watanabe, Y. Watanabe, K. Yamada, Y. Yano, S. Yokouchi RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
	Recent developments and upgrade program in the near future at RIKEN RI-Beam Factory (RIBF) are presented. The beam intensity and available ion species are increasing at RIBF, owing to the continuous efforts that have been paid since the first beam in 2006. So far, we accelerated deuteron, helium, nitrogen, oxygen, aluminum, calcium, krypton, and uranium beams with the superconducting ring cyclotron, SRC. The extracted beam intensities reached 1,000 pnA for helium and oxygen beams. From the operational point of view, however, the intensity of the uranium beam should be much increased. We are, therefore, constructing a new injector linac for the RIBF, consisting of a superconducting ECR ion source, RFQ, and DTL, which will be commissioned in this fiscal year. By using this injector, we also aim at independent operation of the RIBF and GARIS facility for super-heavy element synthesis.
	Slides TUM2CIO01 [4.914 MB]

TUM2CCO02	First Beam Acceleration in Kolkata Superconducting Cyclotron and Its Present Status	cyclotron, extraction, vacuum, ion	292
	C. Mallik, R.K. Bhandari DAE/VECC, Calcutta, India
	Major systems of the superconducting cyclotron at Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre (VECC), Kolkata were functional and integrated by May 2009. After achieving the required acceleration condition internal beam trials were started in July 2009. First internal beam was observed on borescope viewer on August 14th. Ne³⁺ beam at 14 MHz was accelerated to full extraction radius and nuclear reaction observed on August 25th. The trials were not without difficulty and several problems did crop up during the initial phase. Major problems encountered were related to obtaining sufficient dee voltages primarily due to ceramic insulator degradation leading to vacuum breakdown. Earlier the 14 GHz ECR ion source was connected with injection line without much difficulty. The cyclotron magnet with the cryostat has been running smoothly and quite a valuable experience has been gained over the years. An analogue beam was also accelerated before taking a shutdown for installation of extraction system and augmentation of cryogenic plant. Very soon beam extraction and transportation to the experimental area will be started.
	Slides TUM2CCO02 [5.726 MB]

TUM2CCO03	Commissioning of the JYFL MCC30/15 Cyclotron	cyclotron, proton, controls, ion	295
	P. M.T. Heikkinen JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland
	The new MCC30/15 cyclotron from NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia, arrived at Jyväskylä on 10th of August 2009, as a partial compensation of the Former Soviet Union debt to Finland. The cyclotron required an extension for the old experimental hall. The building of the extension started in late August, 2008. Both the cyclotron and the building projects took a little more time than planned. However, the delay of both projects was less than two months, and so the building was ready to host the cyclotron by the beginning of August, 2009. The installation of the cyclotron was done by the manufacturer's (NIIEFA) specialists. Before the end of November 2009 the maximum extracted proton intensity (in pulses) was twice the guaranteed value and 24 % over the guaranteed value for deuterons. The final acceptance protocol was signed on 30th of April, 2010. In addition to the scientific work (IGISOL), the new MCC30/15 cyclotron is planned to be used for medical radioisotope production, mainly ¹²³I and ¹⁸F. Negotiations on the isotope production are underway.
	Slides TUM2CCO03 [4.824 MB]

TUA2CCO03	Design and Construction Progress of a 7 MeV/u Cyclotron	cyclotron, ion, injection, extraction	317
	B. Wang, D.Q. Gao, H.F. Hao, L.Z. Ma, K.D. Man, M.T. Song, X.W. Wang, X.T. Yang, Q.G. Yao, Z.M. You, J.Q. Zhang, S.H. Zhang, X.Q. Zhang, H.W. Zhao IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	The 7MeV/u cyclotron accelerates carbon ions with mass number 12, 5+ charges, the extraction energy of carbon ions is 7 MeV/u, and the beam current density is designed to be 10 eμA. It designed as injector for the HITFiL (Heavy Ions Therapy Facility in LanZhou) synchrotron, which accelerates carbon ions to the energy 300 MeV/u for tumors treatment. Computer modeling results on the axial injection, magnetic, accelerating and extraction systems of the cyclotron are given. Design of the main systems of the cyclotron and the results of beam dynamic simulations are introduced. The construction progress including the ECR ion source, the axial injection beam line, the magnet, the RF system, the vacuum system etc. will be described respectively.
	Slides TUA2CCO03 [1.679 MB]

WEM1CIO02	28 GHz SC-ECRIS at RIBF	ion, plasma, heavy-ion, extraction	321
	T. Nakagawa RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
	The next generation heavy ion accelerator facility (RIBF) for production of intense RI beam requires great variety of high charged heavy ions with higher beam intensity than currently available. In the last decade, performance of the ECR ion sources has been dramatically improved with increasing the magnetic field and RF frequency to enhance the density, confinement time of plasma and electron temperature. Furthermore, the effects of the key components (magnetic field configuration, gas pressure etc) of the ion source on the ECR plasma have been revealed. Such basic studies give us how to optimize the ion source structure. Based on these studies and superconducting technology, several SC-ECRISs with higher microwave frequency (>20 GHz) were constructed. In this contribution, I present status of SC-ECRIS for RIBF, how to increase the beam intensity to meet the requirements, and the technology of the SC-ECRIS with 28GHz microwave.
	Slides WEM1CIO02 [4.179 MB]

THM1CIO01	Post-acceleration of High Intensity RIB through the CIME Cyclotron in the Frame of the SPIRAL2 Project at GANIL	cyclotron, ion, acceleration, linac	354
	P. Bertrand, A. Savalle GANIL, Caen, France
	The cyclotron CIME is presently used at GANIL for the acceleration of SPIRAL1 radioactive beams. One of the goals of the SPIRAL2 project is to produce, post-accelerate and use in the existing experimental areas much higher intensity secondary beams induced by uranium fission like neutron-rich krypton, xenon, tin isotopes, and many others. Intensity may reach 10¹⁰ pps. Specific developments are needed for secondary beam diagnostics. Improvement of mass separation is also necessary, and the Vertical Mass Separator (VMS) is specially developed for this purpose. However, the main concern is related to the high radioactivity linked to RIB high intensity. Safety and radioprotection issues will require modifications of the installation with special care for the maintenance of the cyclotron. The experience of the SPIRAL1 beams, in terms of beam losses and equipment contamination, is especially useful to define the necessary modifications.
	Slides THM1CIO01 [6.133 MB]

THM1CIO04	Progress towards New RI and Higher RIB Intensities at TRIUMF	target, ion, proton, electron	365
	P.G. Bricault, F. Ames, M. Dombsky, V. Hanemaayer, P. Kunz, J. Lassen TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada
	Funding: TRIUMF is owned and operated as a joint venture by a consortium of Canadian Universities via a contribution through the National Research Council of Canada. Over the past five years TRIUMF has operated routinely the ISAC facility at proton beam intensity around and above 70 μA. Contrary to other ISOL facilities ISAC utilizes a modular assembly for the target station. This is mainly to provide enough radiation shielding for operation at high proton beam intensity. So far ISAC was licensed to operate target material Z < 82. Two actinide target (UO2) tests have been performed during the past two years to assess the ISAC systems (vacuum, nuclear ventilation, personnel safety) for actinide operation. The uranium oxide target is limited to 2 μA only because of the low operating temperature. We are now developing a uranium carbide target using similar techniques as for our other carbide targets (SiC, TiC, ZrC) operating up to 70 μA. Among the recent upgrade, the mass range, which was so far limited to mass lower than 30 has been increased to 150 with the installation of a charge state booster.
	Slides THM1CIO04 [5.623 MB]

FRM2CIO01	Review of Cyclotrons Used in the Production of Radio-Isotopes for Biomedical Applications	cyclotron, target, ion, proton	419
	P. Schmor TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada
	Cyclotrons are the primary tool for producing the shorter-lived proton-rich radio-isotopes currently used in the biosciences. Although the primary use of the cyclo-tron produced short-lived radio-isotopes is in PET/CT and SPECT diagnostic medical procedures, cyclotrons are also producing longer-lived isotopes for therapeutic pro-cedures. Commercial suppliers are responding by provid-ing a range of cyclotrons in the energy range of 3 to 70 MeV. The cyclotrons generally have multiple beams ser-vicing multiple targets. This paper provides a comparison of some of the capabilities of the various current cyclo-trons. The use of nuclear medicine and the number of cyclotrons providing the needed isotopes is increasing. In the future it is expected that there will be a new genera-tion of small 'table top' cyclotrons providing patient doses on demand.
	Slides FRM2CIO01 [5.366 MB]

FRM2CIO02	Medical Cyclotron and Development in China	cyclotron, ion, heavy-ion, extraction	425
	M. Fan HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
	The first medical cyclotron CYCIAE-30 in China was designed and constructed by China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE), and its construction was finished in 1994. Since then on, medical cyclotron got developed in China, several cyclotrons had been constructed, and some medical experiments and practice had been done with those cyclotrons. Now medical cyclotron develops even quickly in china, several medical cyclotrons are under design and construction. In the meantime, a compact cyclotron virtual prototyping was developed to help the cyclotron design and reduce cyclotron R & D cost.
	Slides FRM2CIO02 [4.205 MB]

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MOM2CIO01

Review of High Power Cyclotrons for Heavy Ion Beams

cyclotron, ion, heavy-ion, beam-losses

9

A. Goto
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan

Since heavy ion cyclotrons for use in radioactive beam sciences were built in laboratories worldwide in 1980's, a lot of efforts on the upgrade of many such cyclotrons have been made in terms of beam intensity as well as beam energy. This talk describes an overview of such cyclotrons that provide heavy ion beams with the power in kW range or higher. Some technological issues related to high-power heavy ion beams are also discussed based on the experiences of those cyclotrons.

Slides MOM2CIO01 [8.469 MB]

MOM2CIO02

Intense Beam Operation at GANIL

ion, target, cyclotron, acceleration

16

F. Chautard
GANIL, Caen, France

The GANIL (Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds) produces and accelerates stable ions beams since 1982. The first radioactive beam post-accelerated with the CIME cyclotron happened in 2001. In 2013, stable beams with higher intensities and new energy range will be available from the new superconducting linear accelerator SPIRAL2. In 2015, new exotic beams will be accelerated with the existing cyclotron CIME. This paper will show how GANIL manages the SPIRAL2 machine arrival by continuing the delivery of high intensity and exotic beams. But also by pursuing the developments of the machine capabilities in a project structure in order to keep equipments running with a high reliability yield and still responding to physics demands. The progress in ion source production will be exposed. Finally, it will be presented the foreseen calendar of the exploitation for the existing machine together with SPIRAL2.

Slides MOM2CIO02 [2.928 MB]

MOM2CCO04

Recent Progress on the Facility Upgrade for Accelerated Radioactive Beams at Texas A&M

ion, cyclotron, injection, extraction

24

D.P. May, R.E. Tribble
Texas A&M University Cyclotron Institute, College Station, Texas, USA
F.P. Abegglen, G. Chubaryan, G.J. Derrig, G.J. Kim, G. Tabacaru
Texas A&M University, Cyclotron Institute, College Station, USA

Funding: Supported by U. S. Dept. of Energy Grant DE-FG02-93ER40773
The Cyclotron Institute at Texas A&M University is involved in an upgrade, one goal of which is to provide radioactive ion beams accelerated to intermediate energies by the K500 superconducting cyclotron. The old 88" cyclotron, now the K150, has been refurbished to be used as a driver and also to provide higher intensity, low-energy, primary beams for experiments. Two external ion sources, an electron-cyclotron-resonance ion source (ECRIS) and a multi-cusp negative ion source, have been installed on a new axial line to inject beams into a modified K150 central region. Acceleration of negative ions of protons and deuterons with stripping for extraction will be used in order to mitigate activation of the K150. Beams from the K150 will be used to create radioactive species via a light-ion guide and a heavy-ion guide. Singly charged ions from either ion guide will be transported to an ECRIS that is configured to capture these ions and further ionize them. One charge-state from this second ECRIS will be selected for subsequent acceleration by the K500. Progress on the upgrade, including the acceleration and extraction of both negative and positive beams by the K150, is presented.

Slides MOM2CCO04 [1.690 MB]

MOA2CCO03

Status of the LBNL 88-Inch Cyclotron High-Voltage Injection Upgrade Project

cyclotron, ion, injection, vacuum

45

K. Yoshiki Franzen, P.W. Casey, A. Hodgkinson, M. Kireeff Covo, D. Leitner, C.M. Lyneis, L. Phair, P. Pipersky
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

The goal of the project includes design of a new center region that allows external beam injection at injection voltages between 20 and 30 kV for high intensity beams. This new center region will make use of a spiral inflector to eliminate the use of a gridded mirror for high intensity beams. At the same time the mechanical design of the new center region must be flexible enough to allow use of the current center region for less intense beams. The use of two or more different center regions is necessary to cover the wide range of operation parameter space utilized by the 88-Inch Cyclotron Nuclear Science and Applied research program. The project also includes HV upgrades of the external injection lines and HV insulation of the AECR and VENUS source with the goal to provide focusing for beams up to 25 kV or if feasible up to 30 kV. The current spiral inflector design is based on extensive 3D FEM simulations which results will be presented. In addition results from ongoing efforts to improve on the transport efficiency from the AECR ion source to the current mirror inflector will be discussed.

Slides MOA2CCO03 [1.359 MB]

MOPCP013

Magnetic Field Calculation and Magnet Shimming Simulation for the CYCHU-10 Cyclotron

cyclotron, extraction, simulation, controls

69

Z. Chen, D.Z. Chen, K.F. Liu, B. Qin
HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China

The compact internal ion source cyclotron CYCHU-10 developed in Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) is in magnet machining, and will be assembled soon later. Difference between the ideal computation and practical measurement of the magnetic field is an important reference for magnet shimming. So in this paper, a further study on magnet field computation using FEM is implemented. By giving diverse boundaries and grid meshes, a quarter and a half models are both calculated to make sure correctness of the ideal model. Besides, the research on magnet shimming is also carried out. A new shim tool based on an improved matrix method combining the multiple linear regression is developed to simulate the practical shimming process. With the aid of 3D finite element code and beam dynamics code, an iterative shimming process has been accomplished successfully. The results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the shim tool.

MOPCP017

New High Intensity Compact Negative Hydrogen Ion Cyclotrons

cyclotron, ion, extraction, injection

81

V. Sabaiduc, D. Du, W. Gyles, R.R. Johnson, K. Suthanthiran
BCSI, Vancouver, BC, Canada
E.P. Conard
PAC sprl, Dion Valmont, Belgium
W.Z. Gelbart
ASD, Garden Bay, Canada

Best Cyclotron Systems Inc (BCSI) has been established in Springfield, Virginia, US, for the design and production of commercial cyclotrons. The company is a subsidiary of Best Medical International renowned in the field of medical instrumentation and radiation therapy. Cyclotrons are manufactured and tested at Best Theratronics, Ottawa. BCSI is initially focusing on three different energy cyclotrons. All have four radial sectors with two dees in opposite valleys and simultaneous beam extraction on opposite lines. The BEST14p is designed for fixed 14 MeV extraction 100 μA internal upgradable to 400 μA external ion source for PET isotopes and 99mTc production. The BEST35p is designed for variable energy extraction up to 35 MeV and combined current in excess of 1.5 mA. The BEST70p is designed for variable energy extraction up to 70 MeV with a combined current of 800 μA. It may be used as injector to a post-accelerator simultaneously with isotope production. BEST70p is most challenging given its present state of the art design. Design goals are total H⁻ vacuum or e.m. losses ≤2%; dee voltage increasing with radius from 60 kV to 81 kV; extracted beam emittance <4π mm mrad.

MOPCP019

Present Status of JAEA AVF Cyclotron Facility

ion, cyclotron, target, acceleration

87

T. Yuyama, I. Ishibori, T. Ishizaka, H. Kashiwagi, S. Kurashima, N. Miyawaki, T. Nara, S. Okumura, W. Yokota, K. Yoshida, Y. Yuri
JAEA/TARRI, Gunma-ken, Japan

The JAEA AVF cyclotron provides various ion beams mainly for research in materials science and biotechnology such as estimation of radiation hardness of space-use devices, and plant breeding by ion beams. We have been developing ion sources, the cyclotron, and beam irradiation techniques to meet requirements from users. In order to stabilize the beam intensity, power supplies for magnets were improved by installing a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) unit with a Peltier device for coil current control. As a result, coil current stability of main magnet of ± 5 × 10^-6 has been obtained by the renewed DAC unit which guarantees temperature control within 1°C at 30°C. Initially, it took about eight hours to form a heavy-ion microbeam, so it was impractical to change the microbeam ion species in an experiment. However, the microbeam of a 520 MeV 40Ar¹⁴⁺ has been successfully changed to the one of a 260 MeV ²⁰Ne⁷⁺ within 30 minutes using a cocktail beam acceleration technique. A beam profile uniformization system using multipole magnets are being developed to enable uniform irradiation of a large sample at a constant particle fluence rate.

MOPCP028

Facility for Modification and Analysis of Materials with Ion Beams (FAMA)

ion, target, light-ion, cyclotron

108

A. Dobrosavljević, P. Beličev, V. Jocić, N. Nešković, I.M. Trajić, V. Vujović, Lj. Vukosavljević
VINCA, Belgrade, Serbia

The facility for modification and analysis of materials with ion beams (FAMA) is the low energy part of the TESLA Accelerator Installation, in the Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia. It presently comprises two machines: a heavy ion source (M1) and a light ion source (M2), and two experimental channels: a channel for analysis of ion beams (C1) and a channel for surface modification of materials (C2). In April 2009 the Vinča Institute signed a contract with the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia, on the upgrading of FAMA. The contract comprises: (i) the refurbishment of the M1 and M2 machines and the C1 and C2 channels, (ii) the construction of a channel for ion implantation (C3) and a channel for deeper modification of materials (C4), (iii) the construction of a small isochronous cyclotron (M3), and (iv) the construction of a channel for analysis of materials in vacuum (C5) and a channel for analysis of materials in air (C6). This presentation is devoted to the upgraded FAMA and its research program.

MOPCP030

The Injection Line and Central Region Design of CYCIAE-70

injection, cyclotron, ion, proton

111

M. Li, X.L. Jia, Y.L. Lu, C. Wang, J.J. Yang, H.J. Yao, T.J. Zhang
CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China

A compact cyclotron CYCIAE-70 is under design at CIAE capable of providing both 70MeV, 700μA H⁻ beam and 35MeV, 40μA D- beam. Both beams are produced by a single external multicusp ion source, injected axially with a transport line and bent onto the median plane through a spiral inflector. The injection line utilizes two solenoids and a quadruple triplet for transverse focusing and a buncher to increase the injection efficiency. The beam optics design is performed using TRANSOPTR, taking into account space charge effects and neutralization. The inflector is capable of bending both H⁻ and D- beams with a transmission efficiency of over 80%. The central particles are tracked backwards to obtain the initial reference orbit of the first several turns. The electrode structures and the shape of Dee tips are then optimized to achieve matching at the inflector exit and to maximize the acceptance of central region. The central region is capable to accept both beams without component replacement. The preliminary design results of the injection line, spiral inflector and center region are elaborated, and the beam matching from the ion source to the central region is presented.

MOPCP032

Design Study of Compact Cyclotron For Injection of K=100 SSC

cyclotron, ion, injection, extraction

117

B.N. Lee, J.-S. Chai, H.W. Kim, J.H. Oh
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea

Funding: Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Republic of Korea Department of Energy Science and School of Information and Communication Engineering of SungKyunKwan University
The Compact cyclotron was designed for injection of K=100 Separated Sector Cyclotron(SSC). It has four magnet sectors with pancake type and maximum magnetic fields is 1.92 T. The magnet adopting 4 harmonics has three kind of holes for beam injection, vacuum pumps and RF systems. The pole diameter was chosen about 70 cm with 50 kV dee-voltage and 40° dee-angles. The ion-source of this accelerator consists of a double gap buncher, Solenoid Qaudrupole Qaudrupole(SQQ) and a spiral inflector. It will provide a 4~8 MeV, ~1 mA of proton beams and 2~4 MeV, ~0.5mA of deuteron ion beam. In this paper we will describe the conceptual design of this machine including the Ion-source, Injection system, Magnet and RF system. etc.

MOPCP037

Central Region Design of a Baby Cyclotron

cyclotron, ion, isotope-production, extraction

126

X. He
TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China
K. Zhang
CAEP/IFP, Mainyang, Sichuan, People's Republic of China

Baby cyclotrons are widely used in short lived beta+ radioactive isotope production for PET. Central region design is one of the most important part of the design work of the cyclotron. Central region design, including design process and design results is presentd in this paper.

MOPCP047

Analysis of Beam Quality Optimization of Bucket Ion Source

ion, proton, plasma, electron

147

Y.H. Xie, C.D. Hu, C.C. Jiang, L.Z. Liang, S. Liu, Y.L. Xie
ASIPP, Hefei, People's Republic of China

Funding: The National Nature Science Foundation of China (contract number: 10875146)
The bucket ion source is widely used as the high energy beam source on the high power neutral beam injector system. A hot cathode bucket ion source is studied for the diagnostic neutral beam injector. The main parameters which influence the performance of bucket ion source are arc voltage, filament voltage, gas inlet rate and extracted voltage. In the experiment, only one parameter setting is varied when other parameter settings are fixed. The characteristics of ion source are got and the parameters setting valve are as follows: four filaments current from 500 A to 550 A, arc voltage from 120 V to 200 V, and ion source pressure during discharge is from 2.0 mTorr to 4.5 mTorr, extracted voltage from 40kV to 50kV. The arc current is higher than 100 A, and extracted beam current can reaches 6 A. Based on this, the arc efficiency, beam power deposition and beam proton ratio of ion source are analyzed and optimized. The proton ratio of extracted beam increased from 28 % to 40 %. It is very useful for the experimental operation and study about the bucket ion source.

MOPCP049

Ion Source Related Research Work at JYFL

ion, electron, plasma, resonance

150

H. A. Koivisto, V.P. Aho, J. Ärje, T. Kalvas, J.A. Kauppinen, J.P. Kommpula, T. Ropponen, O.A. Tarvainen, V.A. Toivanen
JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland

In this article the work of the JYFL ion source group will be presented. New bremsstrahlung measurements were carried out in order to compare the results with different electron heating models, especially defining the endpoint energy of the bremsstrahlung spectra. A project to obtain new information about the ion temperatures and their time evolution has been initiated. The study will be performed using spectroscopic techniques measuring the ion temperature through the Doppler broadening of emission lines. The objective is to reveal accurate information about the time evolution of highly charged ions in the ECRIS plasma. The work also includes frequency tuning experiments, beam quality experiments and tests with a so-called collar structure. The beneficial effect of collar was first tested and noticed with the ECR ion sources by the KVI ion source group and has been shortly confirmed at JYFL in collaboration with the KVI research group. The JYFL ion source group is also developing a low energy electron gun for the spacecraft applications. The results of the development work can possibly be applied also with the ion sources in order to increase the density of cold electrons.

MOPCP050

Studies of ECRIS Ion Beam Formation and Quality at the Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä

ion, space-charge, emittance, plasma

153

V.A. Toivanen, V.P. Aho, J. Ärje, J.A. Kauppinen, H. A. Koivisto, O.A. Tarvainen
JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland
L. Celona, G. Ciavola, S. Gammino, D. Mascali
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
A. Galatà
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
T. Ropponen
NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

During the last couple of years a lot of effort has been put into studies concerning the ion beam formation and beam quality of electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (ECRISs) at the Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä (JYFL). The effects of microwave frequency fine tuning on the performance of JYFL 14 GHz ECRIS have been studied with multiple experiments in collaboration with INFN-LNS (Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud). Also, a number of measurements have been carried out to study the effects of space charge compensation of ion beams on the beam quality. In order to proceed further with these studies, a modified version of the beam potential measurement device developed at LBNL (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) is under development. Simulations are used to study the possibility to improve the beam quality by biasing the beginning of the beam line upstream from m/q separation. With high voltage biasing the beam energy could be increased temporarily over the limit of the injection system of the accelerator. Latest results and current status of these projects will be presented and discussed.

MOPCP079

Optimization of Sector Geometry of a Compact Cyclotron by Random Search Method

cyclotron, proton, extraction, betatron

212

P. Sing Babu, A. Goswami, V.S. Pandit, P.R. Sarma
DAE/VECC, Calcutta, India

A compact four sector 10 MeV, 5 mA proton cyclotron is being developed at VECC, Kolkata. Proton beam at 80keV from a 2.45 GHz ion source (under testing) will be first collimated and bunched and will be injected axially in the central region where a spiral inflector will place the beam on the orbit. This paper describes the procedure of optimizing the sector geometry of the magnet to obtain the desired isochronous field. Due to fringe field effect, analytical formulae do not predict the correct sector shape particularly at the lower radii in the cases of compact cyclotrons, where hill gap is very small and valley gap is large. Hence a 3D code becomes necessary to obtain the correct shape and size of the magnet sectors. This involves a lengthy iterative procedure of determining the hill angle at a large number of radii. In our procedure magnet sector is described in terms of a small number of parameters which are iteratively determined by random search technique geared to minimize the frequency error. 3D magnetic field data and results of equilibrium orbit code are used as input to the code developed for the optimization.

MOPCP088

The Simulation on Beam Interaction with Background Particles

target, ion, simulation, background

230

C.D. Hu, L.Z. Liang, J.L. Wei
ASIPP, Hefei, People's Republic of China

Funding: Supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (10875146) and the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Y05FCQ0128)
A particle simulation with Monte Carlo was developed to study beam interaction with background particles in neutral beam injector. The collision processes associated with charge state change and reaction cross-section were analyzed for neutralization and re-ionization. Take the neutralization processes as a reference, for the positive arc discharge ion source, there are three different original ion species in the energetic ion beam. In evolution, a fast particle will suffer kinds of collisions decided by the collision cross-section or no impact within the target gas. Classify those collisions and their cross-sections according the change of charge state and momentum. Discretize the distribution of target gas density along the neutralizer properly. As a result, the neutralizer is divided into many extremely short segments averagely. So the gas density quantity at middle point can be regarded as that of each segment. According to the collision cross-section, select a random number to determine the evolution of particle states in each segments. With that particle simulation, the neutralization efficiency is estimated.

MOPCP092

Study on PXI and PAC-Based HIL Simulation Control System of CYCHU-10 Cyclotron

simulation, controls, cyclotron, target

239

X. Hu, D. Li, Y.Q. Xiong, J. Yang, T. Yu
HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China

Using the technology of hardware in loop (HIL), control system simulation model of the CYCHU-10 cyclotron is developed with real-time, simulation and statechart module under the LabVIEW environment. A prototyping design method based on NI PXI operation condition virtual platform and PAC controller is presented. The result indicates that the platform is feasible and effective in completing control system test under hardware virtual environment and shortening development time.

MOPCP100

Axial Injection Beam Line of a Compact Cyclotron

ion, cyclotron, injection, vacuum

254

J.Q. Zhang, Y. Cao, L.Z. Ma, A. Shi, M.T. Song, L.P. Sun, X.T. Yang, Q.G. Yao, Z.M. You, X.Q. Zhang, X.Z. Zhang, H.W. Zhao, J.H. Zheng
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

Axial injection beam line of the therapy cyclotron is presented. It is intended for transportation of the C⁵⁺ ion beam obtained in the permanent magnet ion source. The beam line is only 3.486 m from the ion source to the entrance of spiral inflector, it consists of two sets glasser lens, one set double 90° bend magnet, one quadrupole lens and two solenoid lens. A big vacuum chamber is installed in the vertical part of the beam line, the sinusoidal buncher, the Faraday cap, the slit collimator and chopper are located in the vacuum chamber. The sinusoidal buncher is used for increasing of the seizing efficiency. The Faraday cap is used for the beam diagnostics. The bend magnet with the slit collimator is used for choice of C⁵⁺ ion beam. The chopper is used for choice of the beam utilizing time.

TUM2CIO01

Status of RIBF Accelerators at RIKEN

cyclotron, ion, rfq, acceleration

286

O. Kamigaito, S. Arai, T. Dantsuka, M. Fujimaki, T. Fujinawa, H. Fujisawa, N. Fukunishi, A. Goto, H. Hasebe, Y. Higurashi, K. Ikegami, E. Ikezawa, H. Imao, T. Kageyama, M. Kase, M. Kidera, M. Komiyama, H. Kuboki, K. Kumagai, T. Maie, M. Nagase, T. Nakagawa, M. Nakamura, J. Ohnishi, H. Okuno, N. Sakamoto, K. Suda, H. Watanabe, T. Watanabe, Y. Watanabe, K. Yamada, Y. Yano, S. Yokouchi
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan

Recent developments and upgrade program in the near future at RIKEN RI-Beam Factory (RIBF) are presented. The beam intensity and available ion species are increasing at RIBF, owing to the continuous efforts that have been paid since the first beam in 2006. So far, we accelerated deuteron, helium, nitrogen, oxygen, aluminum, calcium, krypton, and uranium beams with the superconducting ring cyclotron, SRC. The extracted beam intensities reached 1,000 pnA for helium and oxygen beams. From the operational point of view, however, the intensity of the uranium beam should be much increased. We are, therefore, constructing a new injector linac for the RIBF, consisting of a superconducting ECR ion source, RFQ, and DTL, which will be commissioned in this fiscal year. By using this injector, we also aim at independent operation of the RIBF and GARIS facility for super-heavy element synthesis.

Slides TUM2CIO01 [4.914 MB]

TUM2CCO02

First Beam Acceleration in Kolkata Superconducting Cyclotron and Its Present Status

cyclotron, extraction, vacuum, ion

292

C. Mallik, R.K. Bhandari
DAE/VECC, Calcutta, India

Major systems of the superconducting cyclotron at Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre (VECC), Kolkata were functional and integrated by May 2009. After achieving the required acceleration condition internal beam trials were started in July 2009. First internal beam was observed on borescope viewer on August 14th. Ne³⁺ beam at 14 MHz was accelerated to full extraction radius and nuclear reaction observed on August 25th. The trials were not without difficulty and several problems did crop up during the initial phase. Major problems encountered were related to obtaining sufficient dee voltages primarily due to ceramic insulator degradation leading to vacuum breakdown. Earlier the 14 GHz ECR ion source was connected with injection line without much difficulty. The cyclotron magnet with the cryostat has been running smoothly and quite a valuable experience has been gained over the years. An analogue beam was also accelerated before taking a shutdown for installation of extraction system and augmentation of cryogenic plant. Very soon beam extraction and transportation to the experimental area will be started.

Slides TUM2CCO02 [5.726 MB]

TUM2CCO03

Commissioning of the JYFL MCC30/15 Cyclotron

cyclotron, proton, controls, ion

295

P. M.T. Heikkinen
JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland

The new MCC30/15 cyclotron from NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia, arrived at Jyväskylä on 10th of August 2009, as a partial compensation of the Former Soviet Union debt to Finland. The cyclotron required an extension for the old experimental hall. The building of the extension started in late August, 2008. Both the cyclotron and the building projects took a little more time than planned. However, the delay of both projects was less than two months, and so the building was ready to host the cyclotron by the beginning of August, 2009. The installation of the cyclotron was done by the manufacturer's (NIIEFA) specialists. Before the end of November 2009 the maximum extracted proton intensity (in pulses) was twice the guaranteed value and 24 % over the guaranteed value for deuterons. The final acceptance protocol was signed on 30th of April, 2010. In addition to the scientific work (IGISOL), the new MCC30/15 cyclotron is planned to be used for medical radioisotope production, mainly ¹²³I and ¹⁸F. Negotiations on the isotope production are underway.

Slides TUM2CCO03 [4.824 MB]

TUA2CCO03

Design and Construction Progress of a 7 MeV/u Cyclotron

cyclotron, ion, injection, extraction

317

B. Wang, D.Q. Gao, H.F. Hao, L.Z. Ma, K.D. Man, M.T. Song, X.W. Wang, X.T. Yang, Q.G. Yao, Z.M. You, J.Q. Zhang, S.H. Zhang, X.Q. Zhang, H.W. Zhao
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

The 7MeV/u cyclotron accelerates carbon ions with mass number 12, 5+ charges, the extraction energy of carbon ions is 7 MeV/u, and the beam current density is designed to be 10 eμA. It designed as injector for the HITFiL (Heavy Ions Therapy Facility in LanZhou) synchrotron, which accelerates carbon ions to the energy 300 MeV/u for tumors treatment. Computer modeling results on the axial injection, magnetic, accelerating and extraction systems of the cyclotron are given. Design of the main systems of the cyclotron and the results of beam dynamic simulations are introduced. The construction progress including the ECR ion source, the axial injection beam line, the magnet, the RF system, the vacuum system etc. will be described respectively.

Slides TUA2CCO03 [1.679 MB]

WEM1CIO02

28 GHz SC-ECRIS at RIBF

ion, plasma, heavy-ion, extraction

321

T. Nakagawa
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan

The next generation heavy ion accelerator facility (RIBF) for production of intense RI beam requires great variety of high charged heavy ions with higher beam intensity than currently available. In the last decade, performance of the ECR ion sources has been dramatically improved with increasing the magnetic field and RF frequency to enhance the density, confinement time of plasma and electron temperature. Furthermore, the effects of the key components (magnetic field configuration, gas pressure etc) of the ion source on the ECR plasma have been revealed. Such basic studies give us how to optimize the ion source structure. Based on these studies and superconducting technology, several SC-ECRISs with higher microwave frequency (>20 GHz) were constructed. In this contribution, I present status of SC-ECRIS for RIBF, how to increase the beam intensity to meet the requirements, and the technology of the SC-ECRIS with 28GHz microwave.

Slides WEM1CIO02 [4.179 MB]

THM1CIO01

Post-acceleration of High Intensity RIB through the CIME Cyclotron in the Frame of the SPIRAL2 Project at GANIL

cyclotron, ion, acceleration, linac

354

P. Bertrand, A. Savalle
GANIL, Caen, France

The cyclotron CIME is presently used at GANIL for the acceleration of SPIRAL1 radioactive beams. One of the goals of the SPIRAL2 project is to produce, post-accelerate and use in the existing experimental areas much higher intensity secondary beams induced by uranium fission like neutron-rich krypton, xenon, tin isotopes, and many others. Intensity may reach 10¹⁰ pps. Specific developments are needed for secondary beam diagnostics. Improvement of mass separation is also necessary, and the Vertical Mass Separator (VMS) is specially developed for this purpose. However, the main concern is related to the high radioactivity linked to RIB high intensity. Safety and radioprotection issues will require modifications of the installation with special care for the maintenance of the cyclotron. The experience of the SPIRAL1 beams, in terms of beam losses and equipment contamination, is especially useful to define the necessary modifications.

Slides THM1CIO01 [6.133 MB]

THM1CIO04

Progress towards New RI and Higher RIB Intensities at TRIUMF

target, ion, proton, electron

365

P.G. Bricault, F. Ames, M. Dombsky, V. Hanemaayer, P. Kunz, J. Lassen
TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada

Funding: TRIUMF is owned and operated as a joint venture by a consortium of Canadian Universities via a contribution through the National Research Council of Canada.
Over the past five years TRIUMF has operated routinely the ISAC facility at proton beam intensity around and above 70 μA. Contrary to other ISOL facilities ISAC utilizes a modular assembly for the target station. This is mainly to provide enough radiation shielding for operation at high proton beam intensity. So far ISAC was licensed to operate target material Z < 82. Two actinide target (UO2) tests have been performed during the past two years to assess the ISAC systems (vacuum, nuclear ventilation, personnel safety) for actinide operation. The uranium oxide target is limited to 2 μA only because of the low operating temperature. We are now developing a uranium carbide target using similar techniques as for our other carbide targets (SiC, TiC, ZrC) operating up to 70 μA. Among the recent upgrade, the mass range, which was so far limited to mass lower than 30 has been increased to 150 with the installation of a charge state booster.

Slides THM1CIO04 [5.623 MB]

FRM2CIO01

Review of Cyclotrons Used in the Production of Radio-Isotopes for Biomedical Applications

cyclotron, target, ion, proton

419

P. Schmor
TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada

Cyclotrons are the primary tool for producing the shorter-lived proton-rich radio-isotopes currently used in the biosciences. Although the primary use of the cyclo-tron produced short-lived radio-isotopes is in PET/CT and SPECT diagnostic medical procedures, cyclotrons are also producing longer-lived isotopes for therapeutic pro-cedures. Commercial suppliers are responding by provid-ing a range of cyclotrons in the energy range of 3 to 70 MeV. The cyclotrons generally have multiple beams ser-vicing multiple targets. This paper provides a comparison of some of the capabilities of the various current cyclo-trons. The use of nuclear medicine and the number of cyclotrons providing the needed isotopes is increasing. In the future it is expected that there will be a new genera-tion of small 'table top' cyclotrons providing patient doses on demand.

Slides FRM2CIO01 [5.366 MB]

FRM2CIO02

Medical Cyclotron and Development in China

cyclotron, ion, heavy-ion, extraction

425

M. Fan
HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China

The first medical cyclotron CYCIAE-30 in China was designed and constructed by China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE), and its construction was finished in 1994. Since then on, medical cyclotron got developed in China, several cyclotrons had been constructed, and some medical experiments and practice had been done with those cyclotrons. Now medical cyclotron develops even quickly in china, several medical cyclotrons are under design and construction. In the meantime, a compact cyclotron virtual prototyping was developed to help the cyclotron design and reduce cyclotron R & D cost.

Slides FRM2CIO02 [4.205 MB]