CYCLOTRONS 2010 - List of Keywords (heavy-ion)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOM2CIO01	Review of High Power Cyclotrons for Heavy Ion Beams	cyclotron, ion, ion-source, beam-losses	9
	A. Goto RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
	Since heavy ion cyclotrons for use in radioactive beam sciences were built in laboratories worldwide in 1980's, a lot of efforts on the upgrade of many such cyclotrons have been made in terms of beam intensity as well as beam energy. This talk describes an overview of such cyclotrons that provide heavy ion beams with the power in kW range or higher. Some technological issues related to high-power heavy ion beams are also discussed based on the experiences of those cyclotrons.
	Slides MOM2CIO01 [8.469 MB]

MOPCP002	The Isochronous Magnetic Field Optimization of HITFiL Cyclotron	cyclotron, focusing, ion, extraction	48
	L.Z. Ma, Q.G. Yao IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	A new project named HITFiL (Heavy Ion Therapy Facility in Lanzhou) is being constructed. In this project, a 7 Mev ¹²C⁵⁺ cyclotron is selected as the initial injector providing a 10 μA carbon beam. The isochronous magnetic field optimization of the cyclotron is introduced in this paper. Optimization result shows that the deviations between calculation values and theory are smaller than 5 Gs. In the design process, the sofware OPERA has been utilized for the field calculation and optimization.

MOPCP042	Determination of Isochronous Field Using Magnetic Field Map	cyclotron, closed-orbit, ion, extraction	135
	N.Yu. Kazarinov, O.N. Borisov, V.I. Kazacha JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	In this work a new scheme for calculation of a cyclotron isochronous field using the previously calculated or measured map of the cyclotron magnetic field in its median plane is adduced. The calculating map of the cyclotron magnetic field was set by the matrix having the dimensions 201x181. The flutter part of the magnetic field obtained by subtraction of the zero azimuth harmonic from the magnetic field values were calculated in all net nodes. The magnetic rigidity value in the equation for the particle radius versus the angle was replaced by product of the mean radius and mean along the closed orbit magnetic field. The flutter function was interpolated with the help of the third order Lagrange's polynomials using 16 nodes of the net. At every given radius with the help of the nonlinear simplex method of optimization one can find such value of the isochronous field when the particle path is enclosed with accuracy of 10^-9. The results of the fulfilled calculations for the cyclotron DC-110 and their comparison with results of other calculations are given.

MOPCP068	Stable Operation of RF Systems for RIBF	controls, cyclotron, pick-up, monitoring	186
	K. Suda, M. Fujimaki, N. Fukunishi, M. Hemmi, O. Kamigaito, M. Kase, R. Koyama, K. Kumagai, N. Sakamoto, T. Watanabe, K. Yamada RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
	At RIKEN RI-Beam Factory (RIBF), heavy ion beams are accelerated up to 345 MeV/u by using the RIKEN heavy ion linac (RILAC) and four ring cyclotrons. In order to provide high intensity beams up to 1puA, all the RF systems must be stable enough for a long term (a few weeks), within ±0.1% in voltages and ±0.1 degrees in phases. For a stable operation of RIBF, we have started to monitor for the RF voltages and phases for all the RF systems, and beam intensity and phases using lock-in amplifiers. We have investigated a degree of stability of the RF systems. Then, we have performed several improvements. The Automatic Gain Control units for RILAC were replaced for a better stability. It was found that the stability of RF systems was considerably affected by the fluctuation of reference signals. The fluctuation was mainly caused by the temperature dependence of power dividers used for a reference signal distribution. Therefore, we have changed the distribution method. The reference signal is first amplified to 40 dBm and divided by directional couplers, and they are delivered to low level circuits. The present degree of stability of the RF systems will be presented.

MOPCP073	The Vacuum System of HIRFL Cyclotrons	vacuum, cyclotron, ion, extraction	195
	X.T. Yang, J. Meng, J.H. Zhang IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	HIRFL has 2 cyclotrons: a sector focus cyclotron (SFC) and a separate sector cyclotron (SSC). SFC was built in 1957. In the past 50 years, the vacuum system of SFC has been upgraded for three times. The vacuum chamber was redesigned to double-deck at the third upgrade. The working pressure in beam chamber was improved from 10^-6 mbar to 10^-8 mbar. SFC has delivered Pb, Bi and U beams in the past few years since the last upgrading of its vacuum chamber. SSC began to operate in 1987. The vacuum chamber of SSC has a volume of 100m³. 8 cryopumps keep the pressure from 4×10^-7 mbar to 8×10^-8 mbar depending on the used pump numbers (2~8). In the past 20 years, because of the contamination of oil vapour and leaks occurred in some components inside the SSC vacuum chamber, the vacuum condition has worsened than the beginning. It is a big problem to accelerate the heavier ions. The upgrade for the SSC vacuum system will be an urgent task for us. The rough pumping system of both SFC and SSC will be rebuilt recently. The oil pump units will be changed by large dry mechanical pumps. As a result, the oil vapour in two cyclotrons will be eliminated and the vacuum condition of them will be improved.

MOPCP102	Transmission Efficiency Study of SSC	injection, extraction, simulation, ion	258
	H.F. Hao, J.F. Gao, Q.X. Guo, G.H. Han, A.P. Li, X.M. Su, A.J. Wang, S.X. Wang, C.L. Xie, J.J. Yang, W.Q. Yang, Y.P. Yang, H.W. Zhao IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	The transmission efficiency of HIFIL-SSC had been studied. We found the main reasons of the lower transmission efficiency, and some advices was put forward to improve the transmission efficiency.

MOPCP109	The Design of Transverse Emittance Measurement at HIRFL-CSR	emittance, controls, ion, storage-ring	272
	P. Li, J.X. Wu, Y.Q. Yang, Y.J. Yuan IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	Funding: *Work supported by HIRFL-CSR project #lipeng@impcas.ac.cn HIRFL-CSR is a multi-purpose heavy ion storage ring in Lanzhou. In order to measure the transverse emittance of the injected beam on the transfer channel to the HIRFL-CSR, two kinds of emittance measurement devices which included pepper-pot and slit-grid were proposed. The pepper-pot is unique in providing an instantaneous measurement of the two-dimensional emittance of a beam. The data acquired by this method is only an image. The slit-grid is a one dimensional emittance measurement device. During the measurement, the slit, driven by the stepper motor is moved stepwise across the beam, and then the signal induced on the grid will be stored in the computer for further analysis. Because slit-grid is one dimensional device, two sets of this device are needed for transverse measurement. In this paper, we introduce the design, parameters, data acquisition and analysis of these two methods. Especially the software integration is given in this paper. Main interest is directed on the software development for emittance front-end control and data analysis such as evaluation algorithms.

WEM1CIO02	28 GHz SC-ECRIS at RIBF	ion, ion-source, plasma, extraction	321
	T. Nakagawa RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
	The next generation heavy ion accelerator facility (RIBF) for production of intense RI beam requires great variety of high charged heavy ions with higher beam intensity than currently available. In the last decade, performance of the ECR ion sources has been dramatically improved with increasing the magnetic field and RF frequency to enhance the density, confinement time of plasma and electron temperature. Furthermore, the effects of the key components (magnetic field configuration, gas pressure etc) of the ion source on the ECR plasma have been revealed. Such basic studies give us how to optimize the ion source structure. Based on these studies and superconducting technology, several SC-ECRISs with higher microwave frequency (>20 GHz) were constructed. In this contribution, I present status of SC-ECRIS for RIBF, how to increase the beam intensity to meet the requirements, and the technology of the SC-ECRIS with 28GHz microwave.
	Slides WEM1CIO02 [4.179 MB]

FRM2CIO02	Medical Cyclotron and Development in China	cyclotron, ion, extraction, ion-source	425
	M. Fan HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
	The first medical cyclotron CYCIAE-30 in China was designed and constructed by China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE), and its construction was finished in 1994. Since then on, medical cyclotron got developed in China, several cyclotrons had been constructed, and some medical experiments and practice had been done with those cyclotrons. Now medical cyclotron develops even quickly in china, several medical cyclotrons are under design and construction. In the meantime, a compact cyclotron virtual prototyping was developed to help the cyclotron design and reduce cyclotron R & D cost.
	Slides FRM2CIO02 [4.205 MB]

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOM2CIO01

Review of High Power Cyclotrons for Heavy Ion Beams

cyclotron, ion, ion-source, beam-losses

9

A. Goto
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan

Since heavy ion cyclotrons for use in radioactive beam sciences were built in laboratories worldwide in 1980's, a lot of efforts on the upgrade of many such cyclotrons have been made in terms of beam intensity as well as beam energy. This talk describes an overview of such cyclotrons that provide heavy ion beams with the power in kW range or higher. Some technological issues related to high-power heavy ion beams are also discussed based on the experiences of those cyclotrons.

Slides MOM2CIO01 [8.469 MB]

MOPCP002

The Isochronous Magnetic Field Optimization of HITFiL Cyclotron

cyclotron, focusing, ion, extraction

48

L.Z. Ma, Q.G. Yao
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

A new project named HITFiL (Heavy Ion Therapy Facility in Lanzhou) is being constructed. In this project, a 7 Mev ¹²C⁵⁺ cyclotron is selected as the initial injector providing a 10 μA carbon beam. The isochronous magnetic field optimization of the cyclotron is introduced in this paper. Optimization result shows that the deviations between calculation values and theory are smaller than 5 Gs. In the design process, the sofware OPERA has been utilized for the field calculation and optimization.

MOPCP042

Determination of Isochronous Field Using Magnetic Field Map

cyclotron, closed-orbit, ion, extraction

135

N.Yu. Kazarinov, O.N. Borisov, V.I. Kazacha
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

In this work a new scheme for calculation of a cyclotron isochronous field using the previously calculated or measured map of the cyclotron magnetic field in its median plane is adduced. The calculating map of the cyclotron magnetic field was set by the matrix having the dimensions 201x181. The flutter part of the magnetic field obtained by subtraction of the zero azimuth harmonic from the magnetic field values were calculated in all net nodes. The magnetic rigidity value in the equation for the particle radius versus the angle was replaced by product of the mean radius and mean along the closed orbit magnetic field. The flutter function was interpolated with the help of the third order Lagrange's polynomials using 16 nodes of the net. At every given radius with the help of the nonlinear simplex method of optimization one can find such value of the isochronous field when the particle path is enclosed with accuracy of 10^-9. The results of the fulfilled calculations for the cyclotron DC-110 and their comparison with results of other calculations are given.

MOPCP068

Stable Operation of RF Systems for RIBF

controls, cyclotron, pick-up, monitoring

186

K. Suda, M. Fujimaki, N. Fukunishi, M. Hemmi, O. Kamigaito, M. Kase, R. Koyama, K. Kumagai, N. Sakamoto, T. Watanabe, K. Yamada
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan

At RIKEN RI-Beam Factory (RIBF), heavy ion beams are accelerated up to 345 MeV/u by using the RIKEN heavy ion linac (RILAC) and four ring cyclotrons. In order to provide high intensity beams up to 1puA, all the RF systems must be stable enough for a long term (a few weeks), within ±0.1% in voltages and ±0.1 degrees in phases. For a stable operation of RIBF, we have started to monitor for the RF voltages and phases for all the RF systems, and beam intensity and phases using lock-in amplifiers. We have investigated a degree of stability of the RF systems. Then, we have performed several improvements. The Automatic Gain Control units for RILAC were replaced for a better stability. It was found that the stability of RF systems was considerably affected by the fluctuation of reference signals. The fluctuation was mainly caused by the temperature dependence of power dividers used for a reference signal distribution. Therefore, we have changed the distribution method. The reference signal is first amplified to 40 dBm and divided by directional couplers, and they are delivered to low level circuits. The present degree of stability of the RF systems will be presented.

MOPCP073

The Vacuum System of HIRFL Cyclotrons

vacuum, cyclotron, ion, extraction

195

X.T. Yang, J. Meng, J.H. Zhang
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

HIRFL has 2 cyclotrons: a sector focus cyclotron (SFC) and a separate sector cyclotron (SSC). SFC was built in 1957. In the past 50 years, the vacuum system of SFC has been upgraded for three times. The vacuum chamber was redesigned to double-deck at the third upgrade. The working pressure in beam chamber was improved from 10^-6 mbar to 10^-8 mbar. SFC has delivered Pb, Bi and U beams in the past few years since the last upgrading of its vacuum chamber. SSC began to operate in 1987. The vacuum chamber of SSC has a volume of 100m³. 8 cryopumps keep the pressure from 4×10^-7 mbar to 8×10^-8 mbar depending on the used pump numbers (2~8). In the past 20 years, because of the contamination of oil vapour and leaks occurred in some components inside the SSC vacuum chamber, the vacuum condition has worsened than the beginning. It is a big problem to accelerate the heavier ions. The upgrade for the SSC vacuum system will be an urgent task for us. The rough pumping system of both SFC and SSC will be rebuilt recently. The oil pump units will be changed by large dry mechanical pumps. As a result, the oil vapour in two cyclotrons will be eliminated and the vacuum condition of them will be improved.

MOPCP102

Transmission Efficiency Study of SSC

injection, extraction, simulation, ion

258

H.F. Hao, J.F. Gao, Q.X. Guo, G.H. Han, A.P. Li, X.M. Su, A.J. Wang, S.X. Wang, C.L. Xie, J.J. Yang, W.Q. Yang, Y.P. Yang, H.W. Zhao
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

The transmission efficiency of HIFIL-SSC had been studied. We found the main reasons of the lower transmission efficiency, and some advices was put forward to improve the transmission efficiency.

MOPCP109

The Design of Transverse Emittance Measurement at HIRFL-CSR

emittance, controls, ion, storage-ring

272

P. Li, J.X. Wu, Y.Q. Yang, Y.J. Yuan
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

Funding: *Work supported by HIRFL-CSR project #lipeng@impcas.ac.cn
HIRFL-CSR is a multi-purpose heavy ion storage ring in Lanzhou. In order to measure the transverse emittance of the injected beam on the transfer channel to the HIRFL-CSR, two kinds of emittance measurement devices which included pepper-pot and slit-grid were proposed. The pepper-pot is unique in providing an instantaneous measurement of the two-dimensional emittance of a beam. The data acquired by this method is only an image. The slit-grid is a one dimensional emittance measurement device. During the measurement, the slit, driven by the stepper motor is moved stepwise across the beam, and then the signal induced on the grid will be stored in the computer for further analysis. Because slit-grid is one dimensional device, two sets of this device are needed for transverse measurement. In this paper, we introduce the design, parameters, data acquisition and analysis of these two methods. Especially the software integration is given in this paper. Main interest is directed on the software development for emittance front-end control and data analysis such as evaluation algorithms.

WEM1CIO02

28 GHz SC-ECRIS at RIBF

ion, ion-source, plasma, extraction

321

T. Nakagawa
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan

The next generation heavy ion accelerator facility (RIBF) for production of intense RI beam requires great variety of high charged heavy ions with higher beam intensity than currently available. In the last decade, performance of the ECR ion sources has been dramatically improved with increasing the magnetic field and RF frequency to enhance the density, confinement time of plasma and electron temperature. Furthermore, the effects of the key components (magnetic field configuration, gas pressure etc) of the ion source on the ECR plasma have been revealed. Such basic studies give us how to optimize the ion source structure. Based on these studies and superconducting technology, several SC-ECRISs with higher microwave frequency (>20 GHz) were constructed. In this contribution, I present status of SC-ECRIS for RIBF, how to increase the beam intensity to meet the requirements, and the technology of the SC-ECRIS with 28GHz microwave.

Slides WEM1CIO02 [4.179 MB]

FRM2CIO02

Medical Cyclotron and Development in China

cyclotron, ion, extraction, ion-source

425

M. Fan
HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China

The first medical cyclotron CYCIAE-30 in China was designed and constructed by China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE), and its construction was finished in 1994. Since then on, medical cyclotron got developed in China, several cyclotrons had been constructed, and some medical experiments and practice had been done with those cyclotrons. Now medical cyclotron develops even quickly in china, several medical cyclotrons are under design and construction. In the meantime, a compact cyclotron virtual prototyping was developed to help the cyclotron design and reduce cyclotron R & D cost.

Slides FRM2CIO02 [4.205 MB]