CYCLOTRONS 2010 - List of Keywords (target)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOM2CIO02	Intense Beam Operation at GANIL	ion, cyclotron, ion-source, acceleration	16
	F. Chautard GANIL, Caen, France
	The GANIL (Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds) produces and accelerates stable ions beams since 1982. The first radioactive beam post-accelerated with the CIME cyclotron happened in 2001. In 2013, stable beams with higher intensities and new energy range will be available from the new superconducting linear accelerator SPIRAL2. In 2015, new exotic beams will be accelerated with the existing cyclotron CIME. This paper will show how GANIL manages the SPIRAL2 machine arrival by continuing the delivery of high intensity and exotic beams. But also by pursuing the developments of the machine capabilities in a project structure in order to keep equipments running with a high reliability yield and still responding to physics demands. The progress in ion source production will be exposed. Finally, it will be presented the foreseen calendar of the exploitation for the existing machine together with SPIRAL2.
	Slides MOM2CIO02 [2.928 MB]

MOA1CIO02	High Intensity Cyclotrons for Super Heavy Elements Research of FLNR JINR	ion, cyclotron, extraction, injection	33
	G.G. Gulbekyan JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	Main team of FLNR JINR is super heavy elements research. From 2000 up to 2010 there was synthesized elements 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118 and more the 40 isotopes of super heavy elements in the Lab. As a target we used 243Am, 242Pu, 248Cm, 249Bk, 249Cf et al. Full flux 48Ca ion beam through the targets on the level 5×10 20 ion with 48Ca matter consumption 0.4 mg/hour, and average beam intensity 1pμA. According plan after U400 cyclotron modernization (2012) 48Ca beam intensity will be up to 3pμA on the target and 48Ca beam intensity from new cyclotron DC200 will be 10 pμA (2014).

MOA2CIO01	HIRFL-CSR Facility Status and Development	ion, extraction, electron, injection	37
	Y.J. Yuan, X.H. Cai, D.Q. Gao, Y. He, L.Z. Ma, X. Ma, R.S. Mao, Y.W. Su, X.L. Tu, J.W. Xia, H.S. Xu, Z. Xu, J.C. Yang, X.D. Yang, X.T. Yang, Y.P. Yang, W. Zhang, H.W. Zhao IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	The HIRFL-CSR facility come into operation by the end of 2007. During operation in recent years, CSR supplied beam for experiments at several terminals and inside both CSRm and CSRe rings. The experiments covers high resolution mass measurement, cancer therapy research, neutron wall, atomic physics using electron target and internal gas target, using injection beam mainly from the SFC of cyclotron injector. New methods and further developments are required to improve the performance of CSR system including multi-gradients measurement method for beam spot commissioning and beam transfer, nonlinear effect correction and stabilization of isochronous mode of CSRe. For suppling of heverier ion beam with proper ernergy, the cyclotron complex should be enhanced and new injector is proposed to replace SFC as injector of SSC.
	Slides MOA2CIO01 [3.766 MB]

MOPCP003	Application of Cyclotrons in Brachytherapy	cyclotron, simulation, extraction, proton	51
	P. Saidi Bidokhti PPRC, Tehran, Iran M. Sadeghi Agricultural, Medical & Industrial Research School, Gohadasht, Iran A. Shirazi Tehran University, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran, Iran
	Cyclotrons are particle accelerator machines which have many applications in industry, technology and medicine. Cyclotrons play an important role in medicine and about 50% of the all particle accelerators running in the world are used in medicine for radiation therapy, medical radioisotopes production, and biomedical research. In this short review the use of cyclotrons for a radiation therapy method, brachytherapy, is discussed. Brachytherapy is a form of radiotherapy where a radioactive source placed on or in the tissue to be irradiated. For a long period the production of radioactive isotopes for medical applications was essentially done in nuclear reactors but due to some advantages of radioisotopes production with cyclotron over a nuclear reactor, in the last two decades several types of cyclotrons have been developed to meet the specific demands of radionuclide production. This talk will briefly explain the technical design, beam transfer and beam delivery systems of cyclotron for brachytherapy radioisotope production; and also will shortly describe some detail of ¹⁰³Pd production in the following: production, targetry, radiochemical separation and seed fabrication.

MOPCP005	Kharkov Compact Cyclotron CV-28: Present and Future Status	cyclotron, ion, radiation, proton	54
	Y.T. Petrusenko, D.Y. Barankov, D.O. Irzhevskyi, S.M. Shkyryda NSC/KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine R. Hölzle FZJ, Jülich, Germany
	Reported are the present and future statuses of the Kharkov Compact Cyclotron CV-28 donated to the National Science Center - Kharkov Institute of Physics & Technology (NSC KIPT) by the Forschungszentrum Jülich (Germany). The cyclotron configuration and special features of new installation at the NSC KIPT are presented. Consideration is given to the problems of promising cyclotron-beam use for investigation and development of materials for fusion reactors and generation-IV nuclear reactors, investigation and production of medical radionuclides, possible applications of a high-energy neutron source based on a deuteron beam and a thick beryllium target.

MOPCP010	Activities at the COSY/Jülich Injector Cyclotron JULIC	cyclotron, synchrotron, polarization, hadron	63
	R. Gebel, R. Brings, O. Felden, R. Maier FZJ, Jülich, Germany
	The institute for nuclear physics at the Forschungszentrum Jülich is dedicated to fundamental research in the field of hadron, particle, and nuclear physics. Main activities are the development of the HESR synchrotron, part of the GSI FAIR project, the 3.7 GeV/c Cooler Synchrotron COSY-Jülich with the injector cyclotron JULIC, as well as the design, preparation, and operation of experimental facilities at this large scale facility, and theoretical investigations accompanying the scientific research program. The operation and development of the accelerator facility COSY is based upon the availability and performance of the isochronous cyclotron JULIC as the pre-accelerator. The cyclotron is commissioned in 1968 and exceeded 240 000 hours of operation. In parallel to the operation of COSY the cyclotron beam is also used for irradiation and nuclide production. A brief overview of activities, performance, new and improved installations will be presented.

MOPCP011	25 Years of Continuous Operation of the Seattle Clinical Cyclotron Facility	controls, cyclotron, isotope-production, radiation	66
	R. Risler, S.P. Banerian, J.G. Douglas, R.C. Emery, I.J. Kalet, G.E. Laramore, D.D. Reid University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, USA
	The clinical cyclotron facility at the University of Washington Medical Center has now been in continuous operation for over 25 years. It is highly reliable, and its primary use is still for fast neutron therapy, mostly for salivary gland tumors. Neutron therapy accounts for about 85% of the facility use time. In cases where the tumor involves the base of the skull, significant improvements of patient outcome have been achieved by combining the neutron treatment with a gamma knife boost to areas where the neutron dose is limited by adjacent healthy tissue. Production of 211-At and 117m-Sn with alpha particles at 29.0 and 47.3 MeV and currents between 50 and 70 μA have become routine. These isotopes are used in medical applications presently under development. The introduction of a new control system using EPICS (Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System) is progressing systematically. All the user interfaces are up and running, and several accelerator subsystems have been migrated to the new controls. No interruption of therapy or isotope production operation is planned for the conversion to the new control system.

MOPCP018	Experience of Cyclotron Operation with Beam Sharing at TSL, Uppsala	proton, cyclotron, controls, ion	84
	D. van Rooyen, K.J. Gajewski, B. Gålnander, B. Lundström, M. Pettersson, A.V. Prokofiev TSL, Uppsala, Sweden
	TSL (The Svedberg Laboratory) has a long history of producing beams of accelerated particles. Originally it was conceptualized as an accelerator for radioisotope production and nuclear chemistry by The(odor) Svedberg, and later used for nuclear physics, biological radiation effects and medical therapy with protons. A major upgrade during the 1980's with the extension of new experimental areas and a storage ring, the CELSIUS-ring, enabled the facility to get involved in new areas of nuclear physics, and neutron physics. The laboratory was restructured in 2005/2006 and the focus of activities was shifted towards, mainly, proton therapy and, in addition, radiation effects testing using protons and neutrons in a beam sharing mode. Specific attention will be given to a discussion of the development of a range of software utilities, for example switching of the beam between users by the principal user instead of being controlled via a cyclotron operator, which naturally enables a much more effective use of beam time. A range of features were developed that enables the end user to easily and effectively evaluate the beam quality as well as some further specific beam characteristics.

MOPCP019	Present Status of JAEA AVF Cyclotron Facility	ion, cyclotron, ion-source, acceleration	87
	T. Yuyama, I. Ishibori, T. Ishizaka, H. Kashiwagi, S. Kurashima, N. Miyawaki, T. Nara, S. Okumura, W. Yokota, K. Yoshida, Y. Yuri JAEA/TARRI, Gunma-ken, Japan
	The JAEA AVF cyclotron provides various ion beams mainly for research in materials science and biotechnology such as estimation of radiation hardness of space-use devices, and plant breeding by ion beams. We have been developing ion sources, the cyclotron, and beam irradiation techniques to meet requirements from users. In order to stabilize the beam intensity, power supplies for magnets were improved by installing a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) unit with a Peltier device for coil current control. As a result, coil current stability of main magnet of ± 5 × 10^-6 has been obtained by the renewed DAC unit which guarantees temperature control within 1°C at 30°C. Initially, it took about eight hours to form a heavy-ion microbeam, so it was impractical to change the microbeam ion species in an experiment. However, the microbeam of a 520 MeV 40Ar¹⁴⁺ has been successfully changed to the one of a 260 MeV ²⁰Ne⁷⁺ within 30 minutes using a cocktail beam acceleration technique. A beam profile uniformization system using multipole magnets are being developed to enable uniform irradiation of a large sample at a constant particle fluence rate.

MOPCP022	Present Operational Status of NIRS Cyclotrons (AVF930, HM18)	cyclotron, controls, proton, radiation	96
	M. Kanazawa, S. Hojo, T. Honma, A. Sugiura, K. Tashiro NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan T. Kamiya, T. Okada, Y. Takahashi AEC, Chiba, Japan
	Since Japanese government launched a new program of the 'Molecular Imaging Research Program' in 2005, NIRS AVF930 cyclotron has been mainly operated to produce radio-isotopes together with a small cyclotron (HM18) for PET diagnosis. There is also machine operation of AVF930 for physical experiments and tests of radiation damage on electric devices. To carry out the cyclotron operations for these purposes, some improvements have been done in the facility. In this report, we will present recent operational status of NIRS cyclotron facility (AVF930, HM18).

MOPCP026	Beam Extraction System for CYCIAE-14	extraction, cyclotron, proton, emittance	105
	S.M. Wei, S. An, W.P. Hu, M. Li, Y.L. Lu, L.P. Wen, H.D. Xie, J.S. Xing, Z.G. Yin, T.J. Zhang CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	A 14MeV medical cyclotron is under design and construction at CIAE, and H⁻ ion will be accelerated and extracted by carbon stripper in dual opposite direction. Two stripping points are chosen in each extracting direction to extract proton beams to different targets or beam lines to extend the use of the machine. Two modes have been considered for the extraction system. One is designed to be installed on the wall of the vacuum cavity, and the other is designed to be inserted vertically from the sector poles. The final choice depends on the agility, simplicity and results of the experimentation. The angle between the stripper and the beam orbit is optimized to improve the extracted beam quality. The results of numerical simulation show the two stripping points at each extraction direction, the beam orbit and the beam characteristic at each extraction direction. The comparison of the beam envelope of different stripper azimuth is also presented in this paper to show the influence of the stripper azimuth. Based on the concept design, the mechanical design and the experimentation of the DC motor in magnetic field have been conducted, with the results shown in the paper as well.

MOPCP028	Facility for Modification and Analysis of Materials with Ion Beams (FAMA)	ion, ion-source, light-ion, cyclotron	108
	A. Dobrosavljević, P. Beličev, V. Jocić, N. Nešković, I.M. Trajić, V. Vujović, Lj. Vukosavljević VINCA, Belgrade, Serbia
	The facility for modification and analysis of materials with ion beams (FAMA) is the low energy part of the TESLA Accelerator Installation, in the Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia. It presently comprises two machines: a heavy ion source (M1) and a light ion source (M2), and two experimental channels: a channel for analysis of ion beams (C1) and a channel for surface modification of materials (C2). In April 2009 the Vinča Institute signed a contract with the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia, on the upgrading of FAMA. The contract comprises: (i) the refurbishment of the M1 and M2 machines and the C1 and C2 channels, (ii) the construction of a channel for ion implantation (C3) and a channel for deeper modification of materials (C4), (iii) the construction of a small isochronous cyclotron (M3), and (iv) the construction of a channel for analysis of materials in vacuum (C5) and a channel for analysis of materials in air (C6). This presentation is devoted to the upgraded FAMA and its research program.

MOPCP031	Physics Design and Calculation of CYCIAE-70 Extraction System	extraction, proton, cyclotron, beam-transport	114
	S. An, F.P. Guan, M. Li, G.F. Song, C. Wang, S.M. Wei, F. Yang, T.J. Zhang, J.Q. Zhong CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	A cyclotron functioning as a driver with beam power of 50kW (70 MeV, 0.75 mA) based on compact H⁻ cyclotron, CYCIAE-70, has been designed at CIAE in Beijing for the RIB production and application in the field of nuclear medicine recently. CYCIAE-70 is designed to be a dual particle cyclotron capable of delivering proton with energy in the range 35~70 MeV and deuteron beam with energy in a range of about 18~33 MeV. About 700 μA for H⁺ and 40 μA for D⁺ will be extracted in dual opposite directions by charge exchange stripping devices and the extraction beam energy is continuously adjustable. The physics design of CYCIAE-70 stripping system has been done and the optics calculations for the extraction proton and deuteron beam have been finished. The dispersion effects for the extracted beam are analyzed and the beam parameters after extraction are calculated with multi-particle tracking code COMA.

MOPCP074	Upgrade of the IBA Cyclone 3D Cyclotron	cyclotron, extraction, betatron, ion	197
	W.J.G.M. Kleeven, M. Abs, E. Forton, B. Nactergal, D. Neuvéglise, T. Servais, S. Zaremba IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
	There is a need for 15O generator producing a continuous flow of PET tracer without disrupting the schedule of the hospital main cyclotron (usually used for ¹⁸F and ¹¹C production) and to promote new emergency room evaluation of brain stroke and ischemic heart attack in PET centers without access to cyclotron short-lived isotopes. To answer, IBA improves the Cyclone 3D, originally developed for this purpose and accelerating D⁺ ions to more than 3 MeV. In the previous magnet design, vertical focusing is obtained by four straight pole-sectors. The new design has three spiralled pole-sectors. This improves the vertical focusing properties of the machine. Also the main coil and the return yoke are slightly modified. This will increase the extraction energy by about 10% from 3.3 MeV to 3.6 MeV. This new design will improve the transmission in the cyclotron and the extraction efficiency above 80%, using an electrostatic deflector. The goal is to obtain an extracted current of 50 μA with the prototype, then 70 μA for subsequent machines. This represents a doubling of the previous model performance. Results of magnetic field optimization and extraction calculations are presented.

MOPCP075	Cyclotron Vacuum Model and H⁻ Gas Stripping Losses	cyclotron, vacuum, ion, extraction	200
	V. Nuttens, M. Abs, J.L. Delvaux, Y. Jongen, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, L. Medeiros-Romao, M. Mehaudens, T. Servais, T. Vanderlinden, P. Verbruggen IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
	Many proton cyclotrons take the advantage of stripping for the extraction, by accelerating H⁻ ions. However, before extraction, the negative ion beam can suffer losses from stripping by the residual gas. The higher is the pressure, the higher the losses. Moreover, the stripped beam will be stopped on the inner wall of the cyclotron, inducing an additional degassing and increasing the pressure and hence losses in the cyclotron. For high beam current, degassing can be too large compared to the pumping capacity and the beam transmission can drop down to zero. The pressure inside the cyclotron has therefore a large impact on the current that can be extracted from the cyclotron. A simple model has been set up at IBA to determine the vacuum pressure in the hills and in the valleys of the Cyclone 70 cyclotron. The transmission is then computed by integration of the gas stripping cross-section along the ion orbits in the cyclotron. Pressure and transmission provided by the model are in good agreement with experimental data in the ARRONAX Cyclone 70 cyclotron installed in Nantes.

MOPCP083	Vacuum Simulation for Heavy Ion Beams in the AGOR-Cyclotron	cyclotron, ion, simulation, vacuum	221
	A. Sen, S. Brandenburg, M.A. Hofstee, M.J. van Goethem KVI, Groningen, The Netherlands
	Funding: This work is supported by the European Union through EURONS, contract 506065 and the "Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie" (FOM). The vacuum in the AGOR cyclotron and thereby the beam transmission is beam intensity dependent for heavy ions. The onset of significant vacuum and transmission degradation is dependent on the ion species and final energy. For ²⁰Ne⁶⁺ @ 23 MeV/A no significant effects are observed for intensities up to at least 2 x 10¹² pps, while for ²⁰⁶Pb²⁷⁺ @ 8.5 MeV/A degradation sets in at around 10¹¹ pps. This process is driven by the loss of particles through charge exchange with the residual gas and subsequent desorption from the chamber walls induced by the lost particles. We are developing a model based on particle tracking simulations of beam particles after charge exchange and 3D vacuum simulation including the experimentally determined 'regular' out gassing and induced desorption. An experimental setup to measure beam induced desorption was built and tested. It will be used to evaluate the mitigation measures such as surface treatment and stimulated out gassing. Improvement of the vacuum in the injection line, which is limiting the overall transmission, is also presented.

MOPCP088	The Simulation on Beam Interaction with Background Particles	ion, simulation, background, ion-source	230
	C.D. Hu, L.Z. Liang, J.L. Wei ASIPP, Hefei, People's Republic of China
	Funding: Supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (10875146) and the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Y05FCQ0128) A particle simulation with Monte Carlo was developed to study beam interaction with background particles in neutral beam injector. The collision processes associated with charge state change and reaction cross-section were analyzed for neutralization and re-ionization. Take the neutralization processes as a reference, for the positive arc discharge ion source, there are three different original ion species in the energetic ion beam. In evolution, a fast particle will suffer kinds of collisions decided by the collision cross-section or no impact within the target gas. Classify those collisions and their cross-sections according the change of charge state and momentum. Discretize the distribution of target gas density along the neutralizer properly. As a result, the neutralizer is divided into many extremely short segments averagely. So the gas density quantity at middle point can be regarded as that of each segment. According to the collision cross-section, select a random number to determine the evolution of particle states in each segments. With that particle simulation, the neutralization efficiency is estimated.

MOPCP092	Study on PXI and PAC-Based HIL Simulation Control System of CYCHU-10 Cyclotron	simulation, controls, cyclotron, ion-source	239
	X. Hu, D. Li, Y.Q. Xiong, J. Yang, T. Yu HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
	Using the technology of hardware in loop (HIL), control system simulation model of the CYCHU-10 cyclotron is developed with real-time, simulation and statechart module under the LabVIEW environment. A prototyping design method based on NI PXI operation condition virtual platform and PAC controller is presented. The result indicates that the platform is feasible and effective in completing control system test under hardware virtual environment and shortening development time.

MOPCP093	Beam Extraction System and External Beam Line of Kolkata Superconducting Cyclotron	extraction, cyclotron, optics, quadrupole	242
	J. Debnath, S. Bhattacharya, T. Bhattacharyya, U. Bhunia, P.S. Chakraborty, M.K. Dey, C. Mallik, Z.A. Naser, G.P. Pal, S. Paul, J. Pradhan DAE/VECC, Calcutta, India
	All the major components of the extraction system of the Kolkata superconducting cyclotron are installed and functional. It includes the Electrostatic deflectors, magnetic channels, M9 slit etc. Internal beam acceleration has already been done successfully and now we are on the verge of extracting and transporting the beam to the cave. The external beam transport system has been designed comprising of quadrupole magnets, steering magnets, switching magnets, beam diagnostics etc. One of the four beam lines has been installed, which extends 20 meters up to the experimental cave - 1. Control and monitoring system for all these components have been developed and tested. All the beam dynamical and technical aspects of the beam extraction and beam transportation have been discussed in this paper.

TUM1CIO01	Towards the 2MW Cyclotron and Latest Developments at PSI	cyclotron, proton, extraction, scattering	275
	M. Seidel PSI, Villigen, Switzerland
	PSI operates a cyclotron based high intensity proton accelerator routinely at an average beam power of 1.3MW. With this power the facility is at the worldwide forefront of high intensity proton accelerators. An upgrade program is under way to ensure high operational reliability and push the intensity to even higher levels. The beam current is practically limited by losses at extraction and the resulting activation of accelerator components. Further intensity upgrades are only possible if the relative losses can be lowered in proportion, thus keeping absolute losses at a constant level. The basic upgrade path involves the reduction of space charge induced extraction losses by implementing improved RF systems and resonators in both cyclotrons. The paper describes the ongoing upgrade program, achievements that were realized since the last cyclotron conference and several operational experiences and difficulties that were observed during routine operation.
	Slides TUM1CIO01 [8.697 MB]

THM1CIO04	Progress towards New RI and Higher RIB Intensities at TRIUMF	ion, ion-source, proton, electron	365
	P.G. Bricault, F. Ames, M. Dombsky, V. Hanemaayer, P. Kunz, J. Lassen TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada
	Funding: TRIUMF is owned and operated as a joint venture by a consortium of Canadian Universities via a contribution through the National Research Council of Canada. Over the past five years TRIUMF has operated routinely the ISAC facility at proton beam intensity around and above 70 μA. Contrary to other ISOL facilities ISAC utilizes a modular assembly for the target station. This is mainly to provide enough radiation shielding for operation at high proton beam intensity. So far ISAC was licensed to operate target material Z < 82. Two actinide target (UO2) tests have been performed during the past two years to assess the ISAC systems (vacuum, nuclear ventilation, personnel safety) for actinide operation. The uranium oxide target is limited to 2 μA only because of the low operating temperature. We are now developing a uranium carbide target using similar techniques as for our other carbide targets (SiC, TiC, ZrC) operating up to 70 μA. Among the recent upgrade, the mass range, which was so far limited to mass lower than 30 has been increased to 150 with the installation of a charge state booster.
	Slides THM1CIO04 [5.623 MB]

FRM2CIO01	Review of Cyclotrons Used in the Production of Radio-Isotopes for Biomedical Applications	cyclotron, ion, proton, ion-source	419
	P. Schmor TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada
	Cyclotrons are the primary tool for producing the shorter-lived proton-rich radio-isotopes currently used in the biosciences. Although the primary use of the cyclo-tron produced short-lived radio-isotopes is in PET/CT and SPECT diagnostic medical procedures, cyclotrons are also producing longer-lived isotopes for therapeutic pro-cedures. Commercial suppliers are responding by provid-ing a range of cyclotrons in the energy range of 3 to 70 MeV. The cyclotrons generally have multiple beams ser-vicing multiple targets. This paper provides a comparison of some of the capabilities of the various current cyclo-trons. The use of nuclear medicine and the number of cyclotrons providing the needed isotopes is increasing. In the future it is expected that there will be a new genera-tion of small 'table top' cyclotrons providing patient doses on demand.
	Slides FRM2CIO01 [5.366 MB]

FRM2CCO04	BNCT System Using 30 MeV H⁻ Cyclotron	cyclotron, proton, beam-transport, injection	430
	T. Mitsumoto, K. Fujita, T. Ogasawara, H. Tsutsui, S. Yajima SHI, Tokyo, Japan A. Maruhashi, Y. Sakurai, H. Tanaka KURRI, Osaka, Japan
	Kyoto University and Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. have developed an accelerator-based neutron source for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) at the Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute (KURRI). In order to obtain 10⁹ n/cm²/sec epithermal neutron for cancer treatment, a newly designed 30 MeV H⁻ AVF cyclotron named HM-30 was constructed and is being operated. With newly developed spiral inflector, the beam current in the central region can exceed 2 mA. The cyclotron is operated stably at 1 mA owing to the limit of the facility. Extracted proton beam is expanded by two scanner magnets in order to moderate heat concentration on the beryllium target, which is directly cooled by water to endure 30 kW heat load. Mainly fast neutrons are emitted from the target, and moderated to epithermal region by a moderator which consists of lead, iron, polyethylene, etc. Thermal neutron flux in a water phantom is measured by gold wire, which is consistent with the calculation using MCNPX. Preclinical studies have been continued with 10B-p-Borono- phenylalanine.
	Slides FRM2CCO04 [1.818 MB]

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOM2CIO02

Intense Beam Operation at GANIL

ion, cyclotron, ion-source, acceleration

16

F. Chautard
GANIL, Caen, France

The GANIL (Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds) produces and accelerates stable ions beams since 1982. The first radioactive beam post-accelerated with the CIME cyclotron happened in 2001. In 2013, stable beams with higher intensities and new energy range will be available from the new superconducting linear accelerator SPIRAL2. In 2015, new exotic beams will be accelerated with the existing cyclotron CIME. This paper will show how GANIL manages the SPIRAL2 machine arrival by continuing the delivery of high intensity and exotic beams. But also by pursuing the developments of the machine capabilities in a project structure in order to keep equipments running with a high reliability yield and still responding to physics demands. The progress in ion source production will be exposed. Finally, it will be presented the foreseen calendar of the exploitation for the existing machine together with SPIRAL2.

Slides MOM2CIO02 [2.928 MB]

MOA1CIO02

High Intensity Cyclotrons for Super Heavy Elements Research of FLNR JINR

ion, cyclotron, extraction, injection

33

G.G. Gulbekyan
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

Main team of FLNR JINR is super heavy elements research. From 2000 up to 2010 there was synthesized elements 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118 and more the 40 isotopes of super heavy elements in the Lab. As a target we used 243Am, 242Pu, 248Cm, 249Bk, 249Cf et al. Full flux 48Ca ion beam through the targets on the level 5×10 20 ion with 48Ca matter consumption 0.4 mg/hour, and average beam intensity 1pμA. According plan after U400 cyclotron modernization (2012) 48Ca beam intensity will be up to 3pμA on the target and 48Ca beam intensity from new cyclotron DC200 will be 10 pμA (2014).

MOA2CIO01

HIRFL-CSR Facility Status and Development

ion, extraction, electron, injection

37

Y.J. Yuan, X.H. Cai, D.Q. Gao, Y. He, L.Z. Ma, X. Ma, R.S. Mao, Y.W. Su, X.L. Tu, J.W. Xia, H.S. Xu, Z. Xu, J.C. Yang, X.D. Yang, X.T. Yang, Y.P. Yang, W. Zhang, H.W. Zhao
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

The HIRFL-CSR facility come into operation by the end of 2007. During operation in recent years, CSR supplied beam for experiments at several terminals and inside both CSRm and CSRe rings. The experiments covers high resolution mass measurement, cancer therapy research, neutron wall, atomic physics using electron target and internal gas target, using injection beam mainly from the SFC of cyclotron injector. New methods and further developments are required to improve the performance of CSR system including multi-gradients measurement method for beam spot commissioning and beam transfer, nonlinear effect correction and stabilization of isochronous mode of CSRe. For suppling of heverier ion beam with proper ernergy, the cyclotron complex should be enhanced and new injector is proposed to replace SFC as injector of SSC.

Slides MOA2CIO01 [3.766 MB]

MOPCP003

Application of Cyclotrons in Brachytherapy

cyclotron, simulation, extraction, proton

51

P. Saidi Bidokhti
PPRC, Tehran, Iran
M. Sadeghi
Agricultural, Medical & Industrial Research School, Gohadasht, Iran
A. Shirazi
Tehran University, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran, Iran

Cyclotrons are particle accelerator machines which have many applications in industry, technology and medicine. Cyclotrons play an important role in medicine and about 50% of the all particle accelerators running in the world are used in medicine for radiation therapy, medical radioisotopes production, and biomedical research. In this short review the use of cyclotrons for a radiation therapy method, brachytherapy, is discussed. Brachytherapy is a form of radiotherapy where a radioactive source placed on or in the tissue to be irradiated. For a long period the production of radioactive isotopes for medical applications was essentially done in nuclear reactors but due to some advantages of radioisotopes production with cyclotron over a nuclear reactor, in the last two decades several types of cyclotrons have been developed to meet the specific demands of radionuclide production. This talk will briefly explain the technical design, beam transfer and beam delivery systems of cyclotron for brachytherapy radioisotope production; and also will shortly describe some detail of ¹⁰³Pd production in the following: production, targetry, radiochemical separation and seed fabrication.

MOPCP005

Kharkov Compact Cyclotron CV-28: Present and Future Status

cyclotron, ion, radiation, proton

54

Y.T. Petrusenko, D.Y. Barankov, D.O. Irzhevskyi, S.M. Shkyryda
NSC/KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine
R. Hölzle
FZJ, Jülich, Germany

Reported are the present and future statuses of the Kharkov Compact Cyclotron CV-28 donated to the National Science Center - Kharkov Institute of Physics & Technology (NSC KIPT) by the Forschungszentrum Jülich (Germany). The cyclotron configuration and special features of new installation at the NSC KIPT are presented. Consideration is given to the problems of promising cyclotron-beam use for investigation and development of materials for fusion reactors and generation-IV nuclear reactors, investigation and production of medical radionuclides, possible applications of a high-energy neutron source based on a deuteron beam and a thick beryllium target.

MOPCP010

Activities at the COSY/Jülich Injector Cyclotron JULIC

cyclotron, synchrotron, polarization, hadron

63

R. Gebel, R. Brings, O. Felden, R. Maier
FZJ, Jülich, Germany

The institute for nuclear physics at the Forschungszentrum Jülich is dedicated to fundamental research in the field of hadron, particle, and nuclear physics. Main activities are the development of the HESR synchrotron, part of the GSI FAIR project, the 3.7 GeV/c Cooler Synchrotron COSY-Jülich with the injector cyclotron JULIC, as well as the design, preparation, and operation of experimental facilities at this large scale facility, and theoretical investigations accompanying the scientific research program. The operation and development of the accelerator facility COSY is based upon the availability and performance of the isochronous cyclotron JULIC as the pre-accelerator. The cyclotron is commissioned in 1968 and exceeded 240 000 hours of operation. In parallel to the operation of COSY the cyclotron beam is also used for irradiation and nuclide production. A brief overview of activities, performance, new and improved installations will be presented.

MOPCP011

25 Years of Continuous Operation of the Seattle Clinical Cyclotron Facility

controls, cyclotron, isotope-production, radiation

66

R. Risler, S.P. Banerian, J.G. Douglas, R.C. Emery, I.J. Kalet, G.E. Laramore, D.D. Reid
University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, USA

The clinical cyclotron facility at the University of Washington Medical Center has now been in continuous operation for over 25 years. It is highly reliable, and its primary use is still for fast neutron therapy, mostly for salivary gland tumors. Neutron therapy accounts for about 85% of the facility use time. In cases where the tumor involves the base of the skull, significant improvements of patient outcome have been achieved by combining the neutron treatment with a gamma knife boost to areas where the neutron dose is limited by adjacent healthy tissue. Production of 211-At and 117m-Sn with alpha particles at 29.0 and 47.3 MeV and currents between 50 and 70 μA have become routine. These isotopes are used in medical applications presently under development. The introduction of a new control system using EPICS (Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System) is progressing systematically. All the user interfaces are up and running, and several accelerator subsystems have been migrated to the new controls. No interruption of therapy or isotope production operation is planned for the conversion to the new control system.

MOPCP018

Experience of Cyclotron Operation with Beam Sharing at TSL, Uppsala

proton, cyclotron, controls, ion

84

D. van Rooyen, K.J. Gajewski, B. Gålnander, B. Lundström, M. Pettersson, A.V. Prokofiev
TSL, Uppsala, Sweden

TSL (The Svedberg Laboratory) has a long history of producing beams of accelerated particles. Originally it was conceptualized as an accelerator for radioisotope production and nuclear chemistry by The(odor) Svedberg, and later used for nuclear physics, biological radiation effects and medical therapy with protons. A major upgrade during the 1980's with the extension of new experimental areas and a storage ring, the CELSIUS-ring, enabled the facility to get involved in new areas of nuclear physics, and neutron physics. The laboratory was restructured in 2005/2006 and the focus of activities was shifted towards, mainly, proton therapy and, in addition, radiation effects testing using protons and neutrons in a beam sharing mode. Specific attention will be given to a discussion of the development of a range of software utilities, for example switching of the beam between users by the principal user instead of being controlled via a cyclotron operator, which naturally enables a much more effective use of beam time. A range of features were developed that enables the end user to easily and effectively evaluate the beam quality as well as some further specific beam characteristics.

MOPCP019

Present Status of JAEA AVF Cyclotron Facility

ion, cyclotron, ion-source, acceleration

87

T. Yuyama, I. Ishibori, T. Ishizaka, H. Kashiwagi, S. Kurashima, N. Miyawaki, T. Nara, S. Okumura, W. Yokota, K. Yoshida, Y. Yuri
JAEA/TARRI, Gunma-ken, Japan

The JAEA AVF cyclotron provides various ion beams mainly for research in materials science and biotechnology such as estimation of radiation hardness of space-use devices, and plant breeding by ion beams. We have been developing ion sources, the cyclotron, and beam irradiation techniques to meet requirements from users. In order to stabilize the beam intensity, power supplies for magnets were improved by installing a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) unit with a Peltier device for coil current control. As a result, coil current stability of main magnet of ± 5 × 10^-6 has been obtained by the renewed DAC unit which guarantees temperature control within 1°C at 30°C. Initially, it took about eight hours to form a heavy-ion microbeam, so it was impractical to change the microbeam ion species in an experiment. However, the microbeam of a 520 MeV 40Ar¹⁴⁺ has been successfully changed to the one of a 260 MeV ²⁰Ne⁷⁺ within 30 minutes using a cocktail beam acceleration technique. A beam profile uniformization system using multipole magnets are being developed to enable uniform irradiation of a large sample at a constant particle fluence rate.

MOPCP022

Present Operational Status of NIRS Cyclotrons (AVF930, HM18)

cyclotron, controls, proton, radiation

96

M. Kanazawa, S. Hojo, T. Honma, A. Sugiura, K. Tashiro
NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
T. Kamiya, T. Okada, Y. Takahashi
AEC, Chiba, Japan

Since Japanese government launched a new program of the 'Molecular Imaging Research Program' in 2005, NIRS AVF930 cyclotron has been mainly operated to produce radio-isotopes together with a small cyclotron (HM18) for PET diagnosis. There is also machine operation of AVF930 for physical experiments and tests of radiation damage on electric devices. To carry out the cyclotron operations for these purposes, some improvements have been done in the facility. In this report, we will present recent operational status of NIRS cyclotron facility (AVF930, HM18).

MOPCP026

Beam Extraction System for CYCIAE-14

extraction, cyclotron, proton, emittance

105

S.M. Wei, S. An, W.P. Hu, M. Li, Y.L. Lu, L.P. Wen, H.D. Xie, J.S. Xing, Z.G. Yin, T.J. Zhang
CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China

A 14MeV medical cyclotron is under design and construction at CIAE, and H⁻ ion will be accelerated and extracted by carbon stripper in dual opposite direction. Two stripping points are chosen in each extracting direction to extract proton beams to different targets or beam lines to extend the use of the machine. Two modes have been considered for the extraction system. One is designed to be installed on the wall of the vacuum cavity, and the other is designed to be inserted vertically from the sector poles. The final choice depends on the agility, simplicity and results of the experimentation. The angle between the stripper and the beam orbit is optimized to improve the extracted beam quality. The results of numerical simulation show the two stripping points at each extraction direction, the beam orbit and the beam characteristic at each extraction direction. The comparison of the beam envelope of different stripper azimuth is also presented in this paper to show the influence of the stripper azimuth. Based on the concept design, the mechanical design and the experimentation of the DC motor in magnetic field have been conducted, with the results shown in the paper as well.

MOPCP028

Facility for Modification and Analysis of Materials with Ion Beams (FAMA)

ion, ion-source, light-ion, cyclotron

108

A. Dobrosavljević, P. Beličev, V. Jocić, N. Nešković, I.M. Trajić, V. Vujović, Lj. Vukosavljević
VINCA, Belgrade, Serbia

The facility for modification and analysis of materials with ion beams (FAMA) is the low energy part of the TESLA Accelerator Installation, in the Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia. It presently comprises two machines: a heavy ion source (M1) and a light ion source (M2), and two experimental channels: a channel for analysis of ion beams (C1) and a channel for surface modification of materials (C2). In April 2009 the Vinča Institute signed a contract with the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia, on the upgrading of FAMA. The contract comprises: (i) the refurbishment of the M1 and M2 machines and the C1 and C2 channels, (ii) the construction of a channel for ion implantation (C3) and a channel for deeper modification of materials (C4), (iii) the construction of a small isochronous cyclotron (M3), and (iv) the construction of a channel for analysis of materials in vacuum (C5) and a channel for analysis of materials in air (C6). This presentation is devoted to the upgraded FAMA and its research program.

MOPCP031

Physics Design and Calculation of CYCIAE-70 Extraction System

extraction, proton, cyclotron, beam-transport

114

S. An, F.P. Guan, M. Li, G.F. Song, C. Wang, S.M. Wei, F. Yang, T.J. Zhang, J.Q. Zhong
CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China

A cyclotron functioning as a driver with beam power of 50kW (70 MeV, 0.75 mA) based on compact H⁻ cyclotron, CYCIAE-70, has been designed at CIAE in Beijing for the RIB production and application in the field of nuclear medicine recently. CYCIAE-70 is designed to be a dual particle cyclotron capable of delivering proton with energy in the range 35~70 MeV and deuteron beam with energy in a range of about 18~33 MeV. About 700 μA for H⁺ and 40 μA for D⁺ will be extracted in dual opposite directions by charge exchange stripping devices and the extraction beam energy is continuously adjustable. The physics design of CYCIAE-70 stripping system has been done and the optics calculations for the extraction proton and deuteron beam have been finished. The dispersion effects for the extracted beam are analyzed and the beam parameters after extraction are calculated with multi-particle tracking code COMA.

MOPCP074

Upgrade of the IBA Cyclone 3D Cyclotron

cyclotron, extraction, betatron, ion

197

W.J.G.M. Kleeven, M. Abs, E. Forton, B. Nactergal, D. Neuvéglise, T. Servais, S. Zaremba
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

There is a need for 15O generator producing a continuous flow of PET tracer without disrupting the schedule of the hospital main cyclotron (usually used for ¹⁸F and ¹¹C production) and to promote new emergency room evaluation of brain stroke and ischemic heart attack in PET centers without access to cyclotron short-lived isotopes. To answer, IBA improves the Cyclone 3D, originally developed for this purpose and accelerating D⁺ ions to more than 3 MeV. In the previous magnet design, vertical focusing is obtained by four straight pole-sectors. The new design has three spiralled pole-sectors. This improves the vertical focusing properties of the machine. Also the main coil and the return yoke are slightly modified. This will increase the extraction energy by about 10% from 3.3 MeV to 3.6 MeV. This new design will improve the transmission in the cyclotron and the extraction efficiency above 80%, using an electrostatic deflector. The goal is to obtain an extracted current of 50 μA with the prototype, then 70 μA for subsequent machines. This represents a doubling of the previous model performance. Results of magnetic field optimization and extraction calculations are presented.

MOPCP075

Cyclotron Vacuum Model and H⁻ Gas Stripping Losses

cyclotron, vacuum, ion, extraction

200

V. Nuttens, M. Abs, J.L. Delvaux, Y. Jongen, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, L. Medeiros-Romao, M. Mehaudens, T. Servais, T. Vanderlinden, P. Verbruggen
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

Many proton cyclotrons take the advantage of stripping for the extraction, by accelerating H⁻ ions. However, before extraction, the negative ion beam can suffer losses from stripping by the residual gas. The higher is the pressure, the higher the losses. Moreover, the stripped beam will be stopped on the inner wall of the cyclotron, inducing an additional degassing and increasing the pressure and hence losses in the cyclotron. For high beam current, degassing can be too large compared to the pumping capacity and the beam transmission can drop down to zero. The pressure inside the cyclotron has therefore a large impact on the current that can be extracted from the cyclotron. A simple model has been set up at IBA to determine the vacuum pressure in the hills and in the valleys of the Cyclone 70 cyclotron. The transmission is then computed by integration of the gas stripping cross-section along the ion orbits in the cyclotron. Pressure and transmission provided by the model are in good agreement with experimental data in the ARRONAX Cyclone 70 cyclotron installed in Nantes.

MOPCP083

Vacuum Simulation for Heavy Ion Beams in the AGOR-Cyclotron

cyclotron, ion, simulation, vacuum

221

A. Sen, S. Brandenburg, M.A. Hofstee, M.J. van Goethem
KVI, Groningen, The Netherlands

Funding: This work is supported by the European Union through EURONS, contract 506065 and the "Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie" (FOM).
The vacuum in the AGOR cyclotron and thereby the beam transmission is beam intensity dependent for heavy ions. The onset of significant vacuum and transmission degradation is dependent on the ion species and final energy. For ²⁰Ne⁶⁺ @ 23 MeV/A no significant effects are observed for intensities up to at least 2 x 10¹² pps, while for ²⁰⁶Pb²⁷⁺ @ 8.5 MeV/A degradation sets in at around 10¹¹ pps. This process is driven by the loss of particles through charge exchange with the residual gas and subsequent desorption from the chamber walls induced by the lost particles. We are developing a model based on particle tracking simulations of beam particles after charge exchange and 3D vacuum simulation including the experimentally determined 'regular' out gassing and induced desorption. An experimental setup to measure beam induced desorption was built and tested. It will be used to evaluate the mitigation measures such as surface treatment and stimulated out gassing. Improvement of the vacuum in the injection line, which is limiting the overall transmission, is also presented.

MOPCP088

The Simulation on Beam Interaction with Background Particles

ion, simulation, background, ion-source

230

C.D. Hu, L.Z. Liang, J.L. Wei
ASIPP, Hefei, People's Republic of China

Funding: Supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (10875146) and the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Y05FCQ0128)
A particle simulation with Monte Carlo was developed to study beam interaction with background particles in neutral beam injector. The collision processes associated with charge state change and reaction cross-section were analyzed for neutralization and re-ionization. Take the neutralization processes as a reference, for the positive arc discharge ion source, there are three different original ion species in the energetic ion beam. In evolution, a fast particle will suffer kinds of collisions decided by the collision cross-section or no impact within the target gas. Classify those collisions and their cross-sections according the change of charge state and momentum. Discretize the distribution of target gas density along the neutralizer properly. As a result, the neutralizer is divided into many extremely short segments averagely. So the gas density quantity at middle point can be regarded as that of each segment. According to the collision cross-section, select a random number to determine the evolution of particle states in each segments. With that particle simulation, the neutralization efficiency is estimated.

MOPCP092

Study on PXI and PAC-Based HIL Simulation Control System of CYCHU-10 Cyclotron

simulation, controls, cyclotron, ion-source

239

X. Hu, D. Li, Y.Q. Xiong, J. Yang, T. Yu
HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China

Using the technology of hardware in loop (HIL), control system simulation model of the CYCHU-10 cyclotron is developed with real-time, simulation and statechart module under the LabVIEW environment. A prototyping design method based on NI PXI operation condition virtual platform and PAC controller is presented. The result indicates that the platform is feasible and effective in completing control system test under hardware virtual environment and shortening development time.

MOPCP093

Beam Extraction System and External Beam Line of Kolkata Superconducting Cyclotron

extraction, cyclotron, optics, quadrupole

242

J. Debnath, S. Bhattacharya, T. Bhattacharyya, U. Bhunia, P.S. Chakraborty, M.K. Dey, C. Mallik, Z.A. Naser, G.P. Pal, S. Paul, J. Pradhan
DAE/VECC, Calcutta, India

All the major components of the extraction system of the Kolkata superconducting cyclotron are installed and functional. It includes the Electrostatic deflectors, magnetic channels, M9 slit etc. Internal beam acceleration has already been done successfully and now we are on the verge of extracting and transporting the beam to the cave. The external beam transport system has been designed comprising of quadrupole magnets, steering magnets, switching magnets, beam diagnostics etc. One of the four beam lines has been installed, which extends 20 meters up to the experimental cave - 1. Control and monitoring system for all these components have been developed and tested. All the beam dynamical and technical aspects of the beam extraction and beam transportation have been discussed in this paper.

TUM1CIO01

Towards the 2MW Cyclotron and Latest Developments at PSI

cyclotron, proton, extraction, scattering

275

M. Seidel
PSI, Villigen, Switzerland

PSI operates a cyclotron based high intensity proton accelerator routinely at an average beam power of 1.3MW. With this power the facility is at the worldwide forefront of high intensity proton accelerators. An upgrade program is under way to ensure high operational reliability and push the intensity to even higher levels. The beam current is practically limited by losses at extraction and the resulting activation of accelerator components. Further intensity upgrades are only possible if the relative losses can be lowered in proportion, thus keeping absolute losses at a constant level. The basic upgrade path involves the reduction of space charge induced extraction losses by implementing improved RF systems and resonators in both cyclotrons. The paper describes the ongoing upgrade program, achievements that were realized since the last cyclotron conference and several operational experiences and difficulties that were observed during routine operation.

Slides TUM1CIO01 [8.697 MB]

THM1CIO04

Progress towards New RI and Higher RIB Intensities at TRIUMF

ion, ion-source, proton, electron

365

P.G. Bricault, F. Ames, M. Dombsky, V. Hanemaayer, P. Kunz, J. Lassen
TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada

Funding: TRIUMF is owned and operated as a joint venture by a consortium of Canadian Universities via a contribution through the National Research Council of Canada.
Over the past five years TRIUMF has operated routinely the ISAC facility at proton beam intensity around and above 70 μA. Contrary to other ISOL facilities ISAC utilizes a modular assembly for the target station. This is mainly to provide enough radiation shielding for operation at high proton beam intensity. So far ISAC was licensed to operate target material Z < 82. Two actinide target (UO2) tests have been performed during the past two years to assess the ISAC systems (vacuum, nuclear ventilation, personnel safety) for actinide operation. The uranium oxide target is limited to 2 μA only because of the low operating temperature. We are now developing a uranium carbide target using similar techniques as for our other carbide targets (SiC, TiC, ZrC) operating up to 70 μA. Among the recent upgrade, the mass range, which was so far limited to mass lower than 30 has been increased to 150 with the installation of a charge state booster.

Slides THM1CIO04 [5.623 MB]

FRM2CIO01

Review of Cyclotrons Used in the Production of Radio-Isotopes for Biomedical Applications

cyclotron, ion, proton, ion-source

419

P. Schmor
TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada

Cyclotrons are the primary tool for producing the shorter-lived proton-rich radio-isotopes currently used in the biosciences. Although the primary use of the cyclo-tron produced short-lived radio-isotopes is in PET/CT and SPECT diagnostic medical procedures, cyclotrons are also producing longer-lived isotopes for therapeutic pro-cedures. Commercial suppliers are responding by provid-ing a range of cyclotrons in the energy range of 3 to 70 MeV. The cyclotrons generally have multiple beams ser-vicing multiple targets. This paper provides a comparison of some of the capabilities of the various current cyclo-trons. The use of nuclear medicine and the number of cyclotrons providing the needed isotopes is increasing. In the future it is expected that there will be a new genera-tion of small 'table top' cyclotrons providing patient doses on demand.

Slides FRM2CIO01 [5.366 MB]

FRM2CCO04

BNCT System Using 30 MeV H⁻ Cyclotron

cyclotron, proton, beam-transport, injection

430

T. Mitsumoto, K. Fujita, T. Ogasawara, H. Tsutsui, S. Yajima
SHI, Tokyo, Japan
A. Maruhashi, Y. Sakurai, H. Tanaka
KURRI, Osaka, Japan

Kyoto University and Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. have developed an accelerator-based neutron source for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) at the Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute (KURRI). In order to obtain 10⁹ n/cm²/sec epithermal neutron for cancer treatment, a newly designed 30 MeV H⁻ AVF cyclotron named HM-30 was constructed and is being operated. With newly developed spiral inflector, the beam current in the central region can exceed 2 mA. The cyclotron is operated stably at 1 mA owing to the limit of the facility. Extracted proton beam is expanded by two scanner magnets in order to moderate heat concentration on the beryllium target, which is directly cooled by water to endure 30 kW heat load. Mainly fast neutrons are emitted from the target, and moderated to epithermal region by a moderator which consists of lead, iron, polyethylene, etc. Thermal neutron flux in a water phantom is measured by gold wire, which is consistent with the calculation using MCNPX. Preclinical studies have been continued with 10B-p-Borono- phenylalanine.

Slides FRM2CCO04 [1.818 MB]