CYCLOTRONS 2010 - List of Keywords (injection)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOM2CCO04	Recent Progress on the Facility Upgrade for Accelerated Radioactive Beams at Texas A&M	ion, cyclotron, ion-source, extraction	24
	D.P. May, R.E. Tribble Texas A&M University Cyclotron Institute, College Station, Texas, USA F.P. Abegglen, G. Chubaryan, G.J. Derrig, G.J. Kim, G. Tabacaru Texas A&M University, Cyclotron Institute, College Station, USA
	Funding: Supported by U. S. Dept. of Energy Grant DE-FG02-93ER40773 The Cyclotron Institute at Texas A&M University is involved in an upgrade, one goal of which is to provide radioactive ion beams accelerated to intermediate energies by the K500 superconducting cyclotron. The old 88" cyclotron, now the K150, has been refurbished to be used as a driver and also to provide higher intensity, low-energy, primary beams for experiments. Two external ion sources, an electron-cyclotron-resonance ion source (ECRIS) and a multi-cusp negative ion source, have been installed on a new axial line to inject beams into a modified K150 central region. Acceleration of negative ions of protons and deuterons with stripping for extraction will be used in order to mitigate activation of the K150. Beams from the K150 will be used to create radioactive species via a light-ion guide and a heavy-ion guide. Singly charged ions from either ion guide will be transported to an ECRIS that is configured to capture these ions and further ionize them. One charge-state from this second ECRIS will be selected for subsequent acceleration by the K500. Progress on the upgrade, including the acceleration and extraction of both negative and positive beams by the K150, is presented.
	Slides MOM2CCO04 [1.690 MB]

MOA1CIO01	Intense Beam Operation of the NSCL/MSU Cyclotrons	ion, cyclotron, emittance, extraction	27
	J.W. Stetson, G. Machicoane, F. Marti, D.R. Poe NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	Funding: Supported under National Science Foundation under grant No. PHY06-06007 Intense heavy ion beam acceleration by superconducting compact cyclotrons presents significant challenges since surfaces impacted by lost beam are subject to high thermal loads and consequent damage. High transmission efficiencies allow 0.7-1.0 kW beams to be routinely delivered for experiment at the NSCL, with minimal negative impact on reliability. Net beam transmission measured from just before the K500 to extracted beam from the K1200 can be about 30% depending on the ion used (factoring out the unavoidable loss due to the charge stripping foil in the K1200). Techniques and examples are discussed.
	Slides MOA1CIO01 [4.425 MB]

MOA1CIO02	High Intensity Cyclotrons for Super Heavy Elements Research of FLNR JINR	ion, cyclotron, extraction, target	33
	G.G. Gulbekyan JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	Main team of FLNR JINR is super heavy elements research. From 2000 up to 2010 there was synthesized elements 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118 and more the 40 isotopes of super heavy elements in the Lab. As a target we used 243Am, 242Pu, 248Cm, 249Bk, 249Cf et al. Full flux 48Ca ion beam through the targets on the level 5×10 20 ion with 48Ca matter consumption 0.4 mg/hour, and average beam intensity 1pμA. According plan after U400 cyclotron modernization (2012) 48Ca beam intensity will be up to 3pμA on the target and 48Ca beam intensity from new cyclotron DC200 will be 10 pμA (2014).

MOA2CIO01	HIRFL-CSR Facility Status and Development	ion, target, extraction, electron	37
	Y.J. Yuan, X.H. Cai, D.Q. Gao, Y. He, L.Z. Ma, X. Ma, R.S. Mao, Y.W. Su, X.L. Tu, J.W. Xia, H.S. Xu, Z. Xu, J.C. Yang, X.D. Yang, X.T. Yang, Y.P. Yang, W. Zhang, H.W. Zhao IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	The HIRFL-CSR facility come into operation by the end of 2007. During operation in recent years, CSR supplied beam for experiments at several terminals and inside both CSRm and CSRe rings. The experiments covers high resolution mass measurement, cancer therapy research, neutron wall, atomic physics using electron target and internal gas target, using injection beam mainly from the SFC of cyclotron injector. New methods and further developments are required to improve the performance of CSR system including multi-gradients measurement method for beam spot commissioning and beam transfer, nonlinear effect correction and stabilization of isochronous mode of CSRe. For suppling of heverier ion beam with proper ernergy, the cyclotron complex should be enhanced and new injector is proposed to replace SFC as injector of SSC.
	Slides MOA2CIO01 [3.766 MB]

MOA2CCO03	Status of the LBNL 88-Inch Cyclotron High-Voltage Injection Upgrade Project	cyclotron, ion, ion-source, vacuum	45
	K. Yoshiki Franzen, P.W. Casey, A. Hodgkinson, M. Kireeff Covo, D. Leitner, C.M. Lyneis, L. Phair, P. Pipersky LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	The goal of the project includes design of a new center region that allows external beam injection at injection voltages between 20 and 30 kV for high intensity beams. This new center region will make use of a spiral inflector to eliminate the use of a gridded mirror for high intensity beams. At the same time the mechanical design of the new center region must be flexible enough to allow use of the current center region for less intense beams. The use of two or more different center regions is necessary to cover the wide range of operation parameter space utilized by the 88-Inch Cyclotron Nuclear Science and Applied research program. The project also includes HV upgrades of the external injection lines and HV insulation of the AECR and VENUS source with the goal to provide focusing for beams up to 25 kV or if feasible up to 30 kV. The current spiral inflector design is based on extensive 3D FEM simulations which results will be presented. In addition results from ongoing efforts to improve on the transport efficiency from the AECR ion source to the current mirror inflector will be discussed.
	Slides MOA2CCO03 [1.359 MB]

MOPCP017	New High Intensity Compact Negative Hydrogen Ion Cyclotrons	cyclotron, ion, ion-source, extraction	81
	V. Sabaiduc, D. Du, W. Gyles, R.R. Johnson, K. Suthanthiran BCSI, Vancouver, BC, Canada E.P. Conard PAC sprl, Dion Valmont, Belgium W.Z. Gelbart ASD, Garden Bay, Canada
	Best Cyclotron Systems Inc (BCSI) has been established in Springfield, Virginia, US, for the design and production of commercial cyclotrons. The company is a subsidiary of Best Medical International renowned in the field of medical instrumentation and radiation therapy. Cyclotrons are manufactured and tested at Best Theratronics, Ottawa. BCSI is initially focusing on three different energy cyclotrons. All have four radial sectors with two dees in opposite valleys and simultaneous beam extraction on opposite lines. The BEST14p is designed for fixed 14 MeV extraction 100 μA internal upgradable to 400 μA external ion source for PET isotopes and 99mTc production. The BEST35p is designed for variable energy extraction up to 35 MeV and combined current in excess of 1.5 mA. The BEST70p is designed for variable energy extraction up to 70 MeV with a combined current of 800 μA. It may be used as injector to a post-accelerator simultaneously with isotope production. BEST70p is most challenging given its present state of the art design. Design goals are total H⁻ vacuum or e.m. losses ≤2%; dee voltage increasing with radius from 60 kV to 81 kV; extracted beam emittance <4π mm mrad.

MOPCP030	The Injection Line and Central Region Design of CYCIAE-70	cyclotron, ion, ion-source, proton	111
	M. Li, X.L. Jia, Y.L. Lu, C. Wang, J.J. Yang, H.J. Yao, T.J. Zhang CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	A compact cyclotron CYCIAE-70 is under design at CIAE capable of providing both 70MeV, 700μA H⁻ beam and 35MeV, 40μA D- beam. Both beams are produced by a single external multicusp ion source, injected axially with a transport line and bent onto the median plane through a spiral inflector. The injection line utilizes two solenoids and a quadruple triplet for transverse focusing and a buncher to increase the injection efficiency. The beam optics design is performed using TRANSOPTR, taking into account space charge effects and neutralization. The inflector is capable of bending both H⁻ and D- beams with a transmission efficiency of over 80%. The central particles are tracked backwards to obtain the initial reference orbit of the first several turns. The electrode structures and the shape of Dee tips are then optimized to achieve matching at the inflector exit and to maximize the acceptance of central region. The central region is capable to accept both beams without component replacement. The preliminary design results of the injection line, spiral inflector and center region are elaborated, and the beam matching from the ion source to the central region is presented.

MOPCP032	Design Study of Compact Cyclotron For Injection of K=100 SSC	cyclotron, ion, ion-source, extraction	117
	B.N. Lee, J.-S. Chai, H.W. Kim, J.H. Oh SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
	Funding: Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Republic of Korea Department of Energy Science and School of Information and Communication Engineering of SungKyunKwan University The Compact cyclotron was designed for injection of K=100 Separated Sector Cyclotron(SSC). It has four magnet sectors with pancake type and maximum magnetic fields is 1.92 T. The magnet adopting 4 harmonics has three kind of holes for beam injection, vacuum pumps and RF systems. The pole diameter was chosen about 70 cm with 50 kV dee-voltage and 40° dee-angles. The ion-source of this accelerator consists of a double gap buncher, Solenoid Qaudrupole Qaudrupole(SQQ) and a spiral inflector. It will provide a 4~8 MeV, ~1 mA of proton beams and 2~4 MeV, ~0.5mA of deuteron ion beam. In this paper we will describe the conceptual design of this machine including the Ion-source, Injection system, Magnet and RF system. etc.

MOPCP041	Beam Tuning in Kolkata Superconducting Cyclotron	cyclotron, ion, extraction, acceleration	132
	M.K. Dey, R.K. Bhandari, U. Bhunia, J. Debnath, A. Dutta, C. Mallik, Z.A. Naser, S. Paul, J. Pradhan, M.H. Rashid DAE/VECC, Calcutta, India
	The Superconducting cyclotron at VECC, Kolkata, has accelerated ion beams up to extraction radius successfully confirmed by the neutrons produced by the nuclear reactions. The internal beam tuning process started with beam parameters calculated using the measured magnetic field data. Due to some mechanical and electrical problems we were forced to tune the beam with three major trim coils off. Accurate positioning of central region Dee-extensions ensuring the proper acceleration gaps in the first turn was required for successful acceleration of beam through the compact central region clearing the posts in the median plane. Here we present different aspects and results of initial beam tuning.

MOPCP087	Beamloss Monitoring and Control for High Intensity Beams at the AGOR-Facility	beam-losses, cyclotron, pick-up, controls	227
	M.A. Hevinga, S. Brandenburg, T.W. Nijboer, J. Vorenholt KVI, Groningen, The Netherlands
	Funding: This work is supported by the European Union through EURONS, contract 506065 and the "Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie" (FOM). The experiments at the AGOR facility require intense heavy ion beams with a beam power up to 500 W. Examples are 6 x 10¹² pps of ²⁰Ne at 23 MeV/A and 10¹² pps ²⁰⁶Pb at 8.5 MeV/A. To prevent damage to components by the beam (power density >100 W/mm³ in unfavorable cases) a modular beam loss monitoring and control system has been developed for the cyclotron and high energy beam lines. The architecture of the system will be described and the considerations for the major design choices discussed. The system uses the CAN-bus for communication and verification of system integrity. The injected beam is chopped at 1 kHz with a variable duty factor up to 90 %. The beam intensity at injection and a number of locations in the high energy beam line is measured by inductive pick-ups. Furthermore localized beam losses on slits and diaphragms are directly measured. When beam loss in any section exceeds the predefined maximum value the duty factor of the beam is automatically reduced. Beam diagnostics are protected by switching off the beam when they are inserted at too high intensity.

MOPCP091	Status of Beam Diagnostic Components for Superconducting Cyclotron at Kolkata	diagnostics, cyclotron, controls, extraction	236
	G.P. Pal, R.K. Bhandari, S. Bhattacharya, T. Bhattacharyya, T. Das, C. Mallik, S. Roy DAE/VECC, Calcutta, India
	VEC Centre Kolkata has constructed a K500 superconducting cyclotron (SCC). Several beam diagnostic components have been designed, fabricated and installed in SCC. In the low energy beam line, uncooled slits, faraday cup, beam viewers, and collimators are used. The inflector is also operated in a faraday cup mode to measure the beam inside SCC. The radial probe and viewer probe are respectively used to measure beam current and to observe the beam size and shape inside SCC. The magnetic channels, electro-static deflectors and M9 slit are also used to measure beam current at the extraction radius. Water cooled faraday cup and beam viewers are used in the external beam line. The radius of curvature of the radial probe track was reduced to align the internal and external track during its assembly. It was observed that the probe did not functioning properly during beam trials. Different modifications were incorporated. But, problem with the probe persisted. The paper describes the beam diagnostic components used in the cyclotron, discusses the problems faced in operating the radial probe, modifications tried and outlines the future steps planned to operate the beam diagnostic components.

MOPCP100	Axial Injection Beam Line of a Compact Cyclotron	ion, cyclotron, vacuum, ion-source	254
	J.Q. Zhang, Y. Cao, L.Z. Ma, A. Shi, M.T. Song, L.P. Sun, X.T. Yang, Q.G. Yao, Z.M. You, X.Q. Zhang, X.Z. Zhang, H.W. Zhao, J.H. Zheng IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	Axial injection beam line of the therapy cyclotron is presented. It is intended for transportation of the C⁵⁺ ion beam obtained in the permanent magnet ion source. The beam line is only 3.486 m from the ion source to the entrance of spiral inflector, it consists of two sets glasser lens, one set double 90° bend magnet, one quadrupole lens and two solenoid lens. A big vacuum chamber is installed in the vertical part of the beam line, the sinusoidal buncher, the Faraday cap, the slit collimator and chopper are located in the vacuum chamber. The sinusoidal buncher is used for increasing of the seizing efficiency. The Faraday cap is used for the beam diagnostics. The bend magnet with the slit collimator is used for choice of C⁵⁺ ion beam. The chopper is used for choice of the beam utilizing time.

MOPCP102	Transmission Efficiency Study of SSC	extraction, simulation, ion, heavy-ion	258
	H.F. Hao, J.F. Gao, Q.X. Guo, G.H. Han, A.P. Li, X.M. Su, A.J. Wang, S.X. Wang, C.L. Xie, J.J. Yang, W.Q. Yang, Y.P. Yang, H.W. Zhao IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	The transmission efficiency of HIFIL-SSC had been studied. We found the main reasons of the lower transmission efficiency, and some advices was put forward to improve the transmission efficiency.

MOPCP105	Research on Acceptance of SSC	ion, simulation, cyclotron, linac	260
	X.N. Li, Y. He, Y.J. Yuan IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	The injection, acceleration and extraction of SSC (Separate Sector Cyclotron) is analyzed and simulated to get the transverse and longitudinal acceptance, using two typical ions ²³⁸U³⁶⁺ and ⁷⁰Zn¹⁰⁺ with energy 9.7 MeV/u and 5.62 MeV/u respectively. In order to study the actual acceptance of SSC, the isochronous magnetic field model in coincidence with the real one is established by Kr-Kb and Lagrange methods based on the actual measurement. The transverse and longitudinal acceptance is calculated under the above isochronous magnetic field model. From the simulation results, one of the major reason of low efficiency and acceptance of SSC is the defaults in the design of MSI3. The simulation results show that the actual efficiency and acceptance of SSC can be improved by redesign the curvature of MSI3 or shim in MSI3 to change the distribution of inner magnetic field.

MOPCP108	Design of High Energy Hadron FFAGs for ADSR and other Applications	proton, ion, extraction, lattice	269
	B. Qin, Y. Mori, T. Planche KURRI, Osaka, Japan K. Okabe University of Fukui, Faculty of Engineering, Fukui, Japan
	Design study of high energy proton FFAG accelerator has been carried out at Kyoto University Research Reactor for the next generation ADSR experiment where the proton beam energy covers up to 700 MeV. The scaling type of FFAG with spiral sectors was employed. Details of the design, especially on the operational working points and dynamic apertures are described in this paper. Also, some possibility to apply this design to hadron therapy accelerators is presented.

TUM1CCO03	Reliable Production of Multiple High Intensity Beams with the 500 MeV TRIUMF Cyclotron	cyclotron, extraction, emittance, ion	280
	R.A. Baartman, F.W. Bach, I.V. Bylinskii, J.F. Cessford, G. Dutto, D.T. Gray, A. Hurst, K. Jayamanna, M. Mouat, Y.-N. Rao, W.R. Rawnsley, L.W. Root, R. Ruegg, V.A. Verzilov TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada
	In 2001, after 25 years of smooth cyclotron operation with up to ~200 μA H¯ acceleration, developments towards higher intensities became compelling because of the ISAC expansion. Recently average current of 300 μA, within a nominal ~90% duty cycle, was routinely achieved. Beam availability was 90-94% over the last five years. Development highlights are discussed in the paper. These include: ion source and beam transport re-optimized for this cyclotron acceptance; the 12 m long vertical injection line section was redesigned to accommodate higher space charge. In the centre region, a water cooled beam scraper was installed to absorb unwanted phases; other electrodes were realigned. Other activities were aimed at beam stability enhancement for ISAC. This included: reducing ν_r = 3/2 resonance effects at 420 MeV, stabilizing the intensity of the primary beam through pulser feedback regulation and improving beam quality at the target through beam optics optimization and target position stability feedback, etc. Extraction was also improved, using special stripping foils.
	Slides TUM1CCO03 [1.882 MB]

TUA1CIO01	A Multi MegaWatt Cyclotron Complex to Search for CP Violation in the Neutrino Sector	cyclotron, extraction, proton, electron	298
	L. Calabretta, M.M. Maggiore, L.A.C. Piazza, D. Rifuggiato INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
	Funding: I.N.F.N., Laboratorio Nazionale del Sud, Catania, Italy Scientists of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) proposed a new approach to search for CP violation in the neutrino sector . They proposed to use high-power proton accelerators able to deliver a proton beam whit energy 800 MeV, 1.5 MW power and duty cycle of 20% (100 μs beam on, 400 μs beam off). In the past, a layout for a similar accelerator complex to get a proton beam with 10MW of power was proposed by the LNS Accelerator Team . This previous machines' proposal is now updated to meet the MIT requirements. It consists in a two cascade cyclotron complex. The injector cyclotron, is a four sector machine, which accelerates a beam of H²⁺ up to energy of 35 MeV/n. The extraction radius is set around 130 cm and the energy gain is fixed at 1.1 MeV/turn, to obtain a turn separation of about 11 mm and then to make very efficient the extraction by the electrostatic deflector. The beam is then injected inside a 8 sectors Superconducting Cyclotron Ring. The energy gain is set at about 3 MeV/turn to reduce the number of turns inside the Ring cyclotron. The beam is extracted by the stripper method. The main characteristics and features of the machines will be presented. J. M. Conrad and M. H. Shaevitz, "Multiple Cyclotron Method to Search for CP violation in the Neutrino Sector", Phys. Rev.Lett. 104:141802, 2010 ** L. Calabretta et Al., EPAC(2000),pp.918
	Slides TUA1CIO01 [2.341 MB]

TUA1CCO04	Design study of 70 MeV Separate Sector Cyclotron for KoRIA project	cyclotron, proton, ion, simulation	304
	Kh.M. Gad, J.-S. Chai, H.W. Kim, B.N. Lee, J.H. Oh, J.A. Park, H.S. Song SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
	Funding: Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Republic of Korea Department of Energy Science and School of Information and Communication Engineering of SungKyunKwan University Starting from April 2010, KoRIA was launched in the republic of Korea; the main objects of this project are fundamental and applied researches, e.g. production of radioisotope beam for the basic science research, nuclear structure, material and life sciences and medical isotope production, A K=100 separated sector cyclotron will be used as a driving accelerator for ISOL. It will provide a 70-100 MeV, ~1 mA of proton beam and 35-50 MeV, ~1 mA of deuteron ion beam, the SSC cyclotron will be injected by 8 MeV proton beam from 2 sector focused cyclotrons. In this paper we will describe briefly the conceptual design of the cyclotron including the design of separated sector magnet, beam dynamics and RF system, etc.

TUA2CCO03	Design and Construction Progress of a 7 MeV/u Cyclotron	cyclotron, ion, ion-source, extraction	317
	B. Wang, D.Q. Gao, H.F. Hao, L.Z. Ma, K.D. Man, M.T. Song, X.W. Wang, X.T. Yang, Q.G. Yao, Z.M. You, J.Q. Zhang, S.H. Zhang, X.Q. Zhang, H.W. Zhao IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	The 7MeV/u cyclotron accelerates carbon ions with mass number 12, 5+ charges, the extraction energy of carbon ions is 7 MeV/u, and the beam current density is designed to be 10 eμA. It designed as injector for the HITFiL (Heavy Ions Therapy Facility in LanZhou) synchrotron, which accelerates carbon ions to the energy 300 MeV/u for tumors treatment. Computer modeling results on the axial injection, magnetic, accelerating and extraction systems of the cyclotron are given. Design of the main systems of the cyclotron and the results of beam dynamic simulations are introduced. The construction progress including the ECR ion source, the axial injection beam line, the magnet, the RF system, the vacuum system etc. will be described respectively.
	Slides TUA2CCO03 [1.679 MB]

THA1CIO02	First Commissioning Results from the Non-Scaling FFAG Accelerator, EMMA	septum, controls, acceleration, lattice	384
	S.L. Smith STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	The first results from commissioning EMMA - the Electron Model of Many Applications- are summarised in this paper. EMMA is a 10 to 20 MeV electron ring designed to test our understanding of beam dynamics in a relativistic linear non-scaling fixed field alternating gradient accelerator (FFAG). EMMA will be the world's first non-scaling FFAG and the paper will outline the characteristics of the beam injected in to the accelerator as well as summarising the results of the 4 sector 'gantry-type' commissioning which took place at Daresbury Laboratory. The paper will report on recent progress made with the full EMMA ring commissioning, giving details of tune and orbit measurements as well as their correction to the desired lattice.
	Slides THA1CIO02 [5.404 MB]

FRM2CCO04	BNCT System Using 30 MeV H⁻ Cyclotron	cyclotron, target, proton, beam-transport	430
	T. Mitsumoto, K. Fujita, T. Ogasawara, H. Tsutsui, S. Yajima SHI, Tokyo, Japan A. Maruhashi, Y. Sakurai, H. Tanaka KURRI, Osaka, Japan
	Kyoto University and Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. have developed an accelerator-based neutron source for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) at the Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute (KURRI). In order to obtain 10⁹ n/cm²/sec epithermal neutron for cancer treatment, a newly designed 30 MeV H⁻ AVF cyclotron named HM-30 was constructed and is being operated. With newly developed spiral inflector, the beam current in the central region can exceed 2 mA. The cyclotron is operated stably at 1 mA owing to the limit of the facility. Extracted proton beam is expanded by two scanner magnets in order to moderate heat concentration on the beryllium target, which is directly cooled by water to endure 30 kW heat load. Mainly fast neutrons are emitted from the target, and moderated to epithermal region by a moderator which consists of lead, iron, polyethylene, etc. Thermal neutron flux in a water phantom is measured by gold wire, which is consistent with the calculation using MCNPX. Preclinical studies have been continued with 10B-p-Borono- phenylalanine.
	Slides FRM2CCO04 [1.818 MB]

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOM2CCO04

Recent Progress on the Facility Upgrade for Accelerated Radioactive Beams at Texas A&M

ion, cyclotron, ion-source, extraction

24

D.P. May, R.E. Tribble
Texas A&M University Cyclotron Institute, College Station, Texas, USA
F.P. Abegglen, G. Chubaryan, G.J. Derrig, G.J. Kim, G. Tabacaru
Texas A&M University, Cyclotron Institute, College Station, USA

Funding: Supported by U. S. Dept. of Energy Grant DE-FG02-93ER40773
The Cyclotron Institute at Texas A&M University is involved in an upgrade, one goal of which is to provide radioactive ion beams accelerated to intermediate energies by the K500 superconducting cyclotron. The old 88" cyclotron, now the K150, has been refurbished to be used as a driver and also to provide higher intensity, low-energy, primary beams for experiments. Two external ion sources, an electron-cyclotron-resonance ion source (ECRIS) and a multi-cusp negative ion source, have been installed on a new axial line to inject beams into a modified K150 central region. Acceleration of negative ions of protons and deuterons with stripping for extraction will be used in order to mitigate activation of the K150. Beams from the K150 will be used to create radioactive species via a light-ion guide and a heavy-ion guide. Singly charged ions from either ion guide will be transported to an ECRIS that is configured to capture these ions and further ionize them. One charge-state from this second ECRIS will be selected for subsequent acceleration by the K500. Progress on the upgrade, including the acceleration and extraction of both negative and positive beams by the K150, is presented.

Slides MOM2CCO04 [1.690 MB]

MOA1CIO01

Intense Beam Operation of the NSCL/MSU Cyclotrons

ion, cyclotron, emittance, extraction

27

J.W. Stetson, G. Machicoane, F. Marti, D.R. Poe
NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Funding: Supported under National Science Foundation under grant No. PHY06-06007
Intense heavy ion beam acceleration by superconducting compact cyclotrons presents significant challenges since surfaces impacted by lost beam are subject to high thermal loads and consequent damage. High transmission efficiencies allow 0.7-1.0 kW beams to be routinely delivered for experiment at the NSCL, with minimal negative impact on reliability. Net beam transmission measured from just before the K500 to extracted beam from the K1200 can be about 30% depending on the ion used (factoring out the unavoidable loss due to the charge stripping foil in the K1200). Techniques and examples are discussed.

Slides MOA1CIO01 [4.425 MB]

MOA1CIO02

High Intensity Cyclotrons for Super Heavy Elements Research of FLNR JINR

ion, cyclotron, extraction, target

33

G.G. Gulbekyan
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

Main team of FLNR JINR is super heavy elements research. From 2000 up to 2010 there was synthesized elements 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118 and more the 40 isotopes of super heavy elements in the Lab. As a target we used 243Am, 242Pu, 248Cm, 249Bk, 249Cf et al. Full flux 48Ca ion beam through the targets on the level 5×10 20 ion with 48Ca matter consumption 0.4 mg/hour, and average beam intensity 1pμA. According plan after U400 cyclotron modernization (2012) 48Ca beam intensity will be up to 3pμA on the target and 48Ca beam intensity from new cyclotron DC200 will be 10 pμA (2014).

MOA2CIO01

HIRFL-CSR Facility Status and Development

ion, target, extraction, electron

37

Y.J. Yuan, X.H. Cai, D.Q. Gao, Y. He, L.Z. Ma, X. Ma, R.S. Mao, Y.W. Su, X.L. Tu, J.W. Xia, H.S. Xu, Z. Xu, J.C. Yang, X.D. Yang, X.T. Yang, Y.P. Yang, W. Zhang, H.W. Zhao
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

The HIRFL-CSR facility come into operation by the end of 2007. During operation in recent years, CSR supplied beam for experiments at several terminals and inside both CSRm and CSRe rings. The experiments covers high resolution mass measurement, cancer therapy research, neutron wall, atomic physics using electron target and internal gas target, using injection beam mainly from the SFC of cyclotron injector. New methods and further developments are required to improve the performance of CSR system including multi-gradients measurement method for beam spot commissioning and beam transfer, nonlinear effect correction and stabilization of isochronous mode of CSRe. For suppling of heverier ion beam with proper ernergy, the cyclotron complex should be enhanced and new injector is proposed to replace SFC as injector of SSC.

Slides MOA2CIO01 [3.766 MB]

MOA2CCO03

Status of the LBNL 88-Inch Cyclotron High-Voltage Injection Upgrade Project

cyclotron, ion, ion-source, vacuum

45

K. Yoshiki Franzen, P.W. Casey, A. Hodgkinson, M. Kireeff Covo, D. Leitner, C.M. Lyneis, L. Phair, P. Pipersky
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

The goal of the project includes design of a new center region that allows external beam injection at injection voltages between 20 and 30 kV for high intensity beams. This new center region will make use of a spiral inflector to eliminate the use of a gridded mirror for high intensity beams. At the same time the mechanical design of the new center region must be flexible enough to allow use of the current center region for less intense beams. The use of two or more different center regions is necessary to cover the wide range of operation parameter space utilized by the 88-Inch Cyclotron Nuclear Science and Applied research program. The project also includes HV upgrades of the external injection lines and HV insulation of the AECR and VENUS source with the goal to provide focusing for beams up to 25 kV or if feasible up to 30 kV. The current spiral inflector design is based on extensive 3D FEM simulations which results will be presented. In addition results from ongoing efforts to improve on the transport efficiency from the AECR ion source to the current mirror inflector will be discussed.

Slides MOA2CCO03 [1.359 MB]

MOPCP017

New High Intensity Compact Negative Hydrogen Ion Cyclotrons

cyclotron, ion, ion-source, extraction

81

V. Sabaiduc, D. Du, W. Gyles, R.R. Johnson, K. Suthanthiran
BCSI, Vancouver, BC, Canada
E.P. Conard
PAC sprl, Dion Valmont, Belgium
W.Z. Gelbart
ASD, Garden Bay, Canada

Best Cyclotron Systems Inc (BCSI) has been established in Springfield, Virginia, US, for the design and production of commercial cyclotrons. The company is a subsidiary of Best Medical International renowned in the field of medical instrumentation and radiation therapy. Cyclotrons are manufactured and tested at Best Theratronics, Ottawa. BCSI is initially focusing on three different energy cyclotrons. All have four radial sectors with two dees in opposite valleys and simultaneous beam extraction on opposite lines. The BEST14p is designed for fixed 14 MeV extraction 100 μA internal upgradable to 400 μA external ion source for PET isotopes and 99mTc production. The BEST35p is designed for variable energy extraction up to 35 MeV and combined current in excess of 1.5 mA. The BEST70p is designed for variable energy extraction up to 70 MeV with a combined current of 800 μA. It may be used as injector to a post-accelerator simultaneously with isotope production. BEST70p is most challenging given its present state of the art design. Design goals are total H⁻ vacuum or e.m. losses ≤2%; dee voltage increasing with radius from 60 kV to 81 kV; extracted beam emittance <4π mm mrad.

MOPCP030

The Injection Line and Central Region Design of CYCIAE-70

cyclotron, ion, ion-source, proton

111

M. Li, X.L. Jia, Y.L. Lu, C. Wang, J.J. Yang, H.J. Yao, T.J. Zhang
CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China

A compact cyclotron CYCIAE-70 is under design at CIAE capable of providing both 70MeV, 700μA H⁻ beam and 35MeV, 40μA D- beam. Both beams are produced by a single external multicusp ion source, injected axially with a transport line and bent onto the median plane through a spiral inflector. The injection line utilizes two solenoids and a quadruple triplet for transverse focusing and a buncher to increase the injection efficiency. The beam optics design is performed using TRANSOPTR, taking into account space charge effects and neutralization. The inflector is capable of bending both H⁻ and D- beams with a transmission efficiency of over 80%. The central particles are tracked backwards to obtain the initial reference orbit of the first several turns. The electrode structures and the shape of Dee tips are then optimized to achieve matching at the inflector exit and to maximize the acceptance of central region. The central region is capable to accept both beams without component replacement. The preliminary design results of the injection line, spiral inflector and center region are elaborated, and the beam matching from the ion source to the central region is presented.

MOPCP032

Design Study of Compact Cyclotron For Injection of K=100 SSC

cyclotron, ion, ion-source, extraction

117

B.N. Lee, J.-S. Chai, H.W. Kim, J.H. Oh
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea

Funding: Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Republic of Korea Department of Energy Science and School of Information and Communication Engineering of SungKyunKwan University
The Compact cyclotron was designed for injection of K=100 Separated Sector Cyclotron(SSC). It has four magnet sectors with pancake type and maximum magnetic fields is 1.92 T. The magnet adopting 4 harmonics has three kind of holes for beam injection, vacuum pumps and RF systems. The pole diameter was chosen about 70 cm with 50 kV dee-voltage and 40° dee-angles. The ion-source of this accelerator consists of a double gap buncher, Solenoid Qaudrupole Qaudrupole(SQQ) and a spiral inflector. It will provide a 4~8 MeV, ~1 mA of proton beams and 2~4 MeV, ~0.5mA of deuteron ion beam. In this paper we will describe the conceptual design of this machine including the Ion-source, Injection system, Magnet and RF system. etc.

MOPCP041

Beam Tuning in Kolkata Superconducting Cyclotron

cyclotron, ion, extraction, acceleration

132

M.K. Dey, R.K. Bhandari, U. Bhunia, J. Debnath, A. Dutta, C. Mallik, Z.A. Naser, S. Paul, J. Pradhan, M.H. Rashid
DAE/VECC, Calcutta, India

The Superconducting cyclotron at VECC, Kolkata, has accelerated ion beams up to extraction radius successfully confirmed by the neutrons produced by the nuclear reactions. The internal beam tuning process started with beam parameters calculated using the measured magnetic field data. Due to some mechanical and electrical problems we were forced to tune the beam with three major trim coils off. Accurate positioning of central region Dee-extensions ensuring the proper acceleration gaps in the first turn was required for successful acceleration of beam through the compact central region clearing the posts in the median plane. Here we present different aspects and results of initial beam tuning.

MOPCP087

Beamloss Monitoring and Control for High Intensity Beams at the AGOR-Facility

beam-losses, cyclotron, pick-up, controls

227

M.A. Hevinga, S. Brandenburg, T.W. Nijboer, J. Vorenholt
KVI, Groningen, The Netherlands

Funding: This work is supported by the European Union through EURONS, contract 506065 and the "Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie" (FOM).
The experiments at the AGOR facility require intense heavy ion beams with a beam power up to 500 W. Examples are 6 x 10¹² pps of ²⁰Ne at 23 MeV/A and 10¹² pps ²⁰⁶Pb at 8.5 MeV/A. To prevent damage to components by the beam (power density >100 W/mm³ in unfavorable cases) a modular beam loss monitoring and control system has been developed for the cyclotron and high energy beam lines. The architecture of the system will be described and the considerations for the major design choices discussed. The system uses the CAN-bus for communication and verification of system integrity. The injected beam is chopped at 1 kHz with a variable duty factor up to 90 %. The beam intensity at injection and a number of locations in the high energy beam line is measured by inductive pick-ups. Furthermore localized beam losses on slits and diaphragms are directly measured. When beam loss in any section exceeds the predefined maximum value the duty factor of the beam is automatically reduced. Beam diagnostics are protected by switching off the beam when they are inserted at too high intensity.

MOPCP091

Status of Beam Diagnostic Components for Superconducting Cyclotron at Kolkata

diagnostics, cyclotron, controls, extraction

236

G.P. Pal, R.K. Bhandari, S. Bhattacharya, T. Bhattacharyya, T. Das, C. Mallik, S. Roy
DAE/VECC, Calcutta, India

VEC Centre Kolkata has constructed a K500 superconducting cyclotron (SCC). Several beam diagnostic components have been designed, fabricated and installed in SCC. In the low energy beam line, uncooled slits, faraday cup, beam viewers, and collimators are used. The inflector is also operated in a faraday cup mode to measure the beam inside SCC. The radial probe and viewer probe are respectively used to measure beam current and to observe the beam size and shape inside SCC. The magnetic channels, electro-static deflectors and M9 slit are also used to measure beam current at the extraction radius. Water cooled faraday cup and beam viewers are used in the external beam line. The radius of curvature of the radial probe track was reduced to align the internal and external track during its assembly. It was observed that the probe did not functioning properly during beam trials. Different modifications were incorporated. But, problem with the probe persisted. The paper describes the beam diagnostic components used in the cyclotron, discusses the problems faced in operating the radial probe, modifications tried and outlines the future steps planned to operate the beam diagnostic components.

MOPCP100

Axial Injection Beam Line of a Compact Cyclotron

ion, cyclotron, vacuum, ion-source

254

J.Q. Zhang, Y. Cao, L.Z. Ma, A. Shi, M.T. Song, L.P. Sun, X.T. Yang, Q.G. Yao, Z.M. You, X.Q. Zhang, X.Z. Zhang, H.W. Zhao, J.H. Zheng
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

Axial injection beam line of the therapy cyclotron is presented. It is intended for transportation of the C⁵⁺ ion beam obtained in the permanent magnet ion source. The beam line is only 3.486 m from the ion source to the entrance of spiral inflector, it consists of two sets glasser lens, one set double 90° bend magnet, one quadrupole lens and two solenoid lens. A big vacuum chamber is installed in the vertical part of the beam line, the sinusoidal buncher, the Faraday cap, the slit collimator and chopper are located in the vacuum chamber. The sinusoidal buncher is used for increasing of the seizing efficiency. The Faraday cap is used for the beam diagnostics. The bend magnet with the slit collimator is used for choice of C⁵⁺ ion beam. The chopper is used for choice of the beam utilizing time.

MOPCP102

Transmission Efficiency Study of SSC

extraction, simulation, ion, heavy-ion

258

H.F. Hao, J.F. Gao, Q.X. Guo, G.H. Han, A.P. Li, X.M. Su, A.J. Wang, S.X. Wang, C.L. Xie, J.J. Yang, W.Q. Yang, Y.P. Yang, H.W. Zhao
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

The transmission efficiency of HIFIL-SSC had been studied. We found the main reasons of the lower transmission efficiency, and some advices was put forward to improve the transmission efficiency.

MOPCP105

Research on Acceptance of SSC

ion, simulation, cyclotron, linac

260

X.N. Li, Y. He, Y.J. Yuan
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

The injection, acceleration and extraction of SSC (Separate Sector Cyclotron) is analyzed and simulated to get the transverse and longitudinal acceptance, using two typical ions ²³⁸U³⁶⁺ and ⁷⁰Zn¹⁰⁺ with energy 9.7 MeV/u and 5.62 MeV/u respectively. In order to study the actual acceptance of SSC, the isochronous magnetic field model in coincidence with the real one is established by Kr-Kb and Lagrange methods based on the actual measurement. The transverse and longitudinal acceptance is calculated under the above isochronous magnetic field model. From the simulation results, one of the major reason of low efficiency and acceptance of SSC is the defaults in the design of MSI3. The simulation results show that the actual efficiency and acceptance of SSC can be improved by redesign the curvature of MSI3 or shim in MSI3 to change the distribution of inner magnetic field.

MOPCP108

Design of High Energy Hadron FFAGs for ADSR and other Applications

proton, ion, extraction, lattice

269

B. Qin, Y. Mori, T. Planche
KURRI, Osaka, Japan
K. Okabe
University of Fukui, Faculty of Engineering, Fukui, Japan

Design study of high energy proton FFAG accelerator has been carried out at Kyoto University Research Reactor for the next generation ADSR experiment where the proton beam energy covers up to 700 MeV. The scaling type of FFAG with spiral sectors was employed. Details of the design, especially on the operational working points and dynamic apertures are described in this paper. Also, some possibility to apply this design to hadron therapy accelerators is presented.

TUM1CCO03

Reliable Production of Multiple High Intensity Beams with the 500 MeV TRIUMF Cyclotron

cyclotron, extraction, emittance, ion

280

R.A. Baartman, F.W. Bach, I.V. Bylinskii, J.F. Cessford, G. Dutto, D.T. Gray, A. Hurst, K. Jayamanna, M. Mouat, Y.-N. Rao, W.R. Rawnsley, L.W. Root, R. Ruegg, V.A. Verzilov
TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada

In 2001, after 25 years of smooth cyclotron operation with up to ~200 μA H¯ acceleration, developments towards higher intensities became compelling because of the ISAC expansion. Recently average current of 300 μA, within a nominal ~90% duty cycle, was routinely achieved. Beam availability was 90-94% over the last five years. Development highlights are discussed in the paper. These include: ion source and beam transport re-optimized for this cyclotron acceptance; the 12 m long vertical injection line section was redesigned to accommodate higher space charge. In the centre region, a water cooled beam scraper was installed to absorb unwanted phases; other electrodes were realigned. Other activities were aimed at beam stability enhancement for ISAC. This included: reducing ν_r = 3/2 resonance effects at 420 MeV, stabilizing the intensity of the primary beam through pulser feedback regulation and improving beam quality at the target through beam optics optimization and target position stability feedback, etc. Extraction was also improved, using special stripping foils.

Slides TUM1CCO03 [1.882 MB]

TUA1CIO01

A Multi MegaWatt Cyclotron Complex to Search for CP Violation in the Neutrino Sector

cyclotron, extraction, proton, electron

298

L. Calabretta, M.M. Maggiore, L.A.C. Piazza, D. Rifuggiato
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy

Funding: I.N.F.N., Laboratorio Nazionale del Sud, Catania, Italy
Scientists of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) proposed a new approach to search for CP violation in the neutrino sector *. They proposed to use high-power proton accelerators able to deliver a proton beam whit energy 800 MeV, 1.5 MW power and duty cycle of 20% (100 μs beam on, 400 μs beam off). In the past, a layout for a similar accelerator complex to get a proton beam with 10MW of power was proposed by the LNS Accelerator Team **. This previous machines' proposal is now updated to meet the MIT requirements. It consists in a two cascade cyclotron complex. The injector cyclotron, is a four sector machine, which accelerates a beam of H²⁺ up to energy of 35 MeV/n. The extraction radius is set around 130 cm and the energy gain is fixed at 1.1 MeV/turn, to obtain a turn separation of about 11 mm and then to make very efficient the extraction by the electrostatic deflector. The beam is then injected inside a 8 sectors Superconducting Cyclotron Ring. The energy gain is set at about 3 MeV/turn to reduce the number of turns inside the Ring cyclotron. The beam is extracted by the stripper method. The main characteristics and features of the machines will be presented.
* J. M. Conrad and M. H. Shaevitz, "Multiple Cyclotron Method to Search for CP violation in the Neutrino Sector", Phys. Rev.Lett. 104:141802, 2010
** L. Calabretta et Al., EPAC(2000),pp.918

Slides TUA1CIO01 [2.341 MB]

TUA1CCO04

Design study of 70 MeV Separate Sector Cyclotron for KoRIA project

cyclotron, proton, ion, simulation

304

Kh.M. Gad, J.-S. Chai, H.W. Kim, B.N. Lee, J.H. Oh, J.A. Park, H.S. Song
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea

Funding: Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Republic of Korea Department of Energy Science and School of Information and Communication Engineering of SungKyunKwan University
Starting from April 2010, KoRIA was launched in the republic of Korea; the main objects of this project are fundamental and applied researches, e.g. production of radioisotope beam for the basic science research, nuclear structure, material and life sciences and medical isotope production, A K=100 separated sector cyclotron will be used as a driving accelerator for ISOL. It will provide a 70-100 MeV, ~1 mA of proton beam and 35-50 MeV, ~1 mA of deuteron ion beam, the SSC cyclotron will be injected by 8 MeV proton beam from 2 sector focused cyclotrons. In this paper we will describe briefly the conceptual design of the cyclotron including the design of separated sector magnet, beam dynamics and RF system, etc.

TUA2CCO03

Design and Construction Progress of a 7 MeV/u Cyclotron

cyclotron, ion, ion-source, extraction

317

B. Wang, D.Q. Gao, H.F. Hao, L.Z. Ma, K.D. Man, M.T. Song, X.W. Wang, X.T. Yang, Q.G. Yao, Z.M. You, J.Q. Zhang, S.H. Zhang, X.Q. Zhang, H.W. Zhao
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

The 7MeV/u cyclotron accelerates carbon ions with mass number 12, 5+ charges, the extraction energy of carbon ions is 7 MeV/u, and the beam current density is designed to be 10 eμA. It designed as injector for the HITFiL (Heavy Ions Therapy Facility in LanZhou) synchrotron, which accelerates carbon ions to the energy 300 MeV/u for tumors treatment. Computer modeling results on the axial injection, magnetic, accelerating and extraction systems of the cyclotron are given. Design of the main systems of the cyclotron and the results of beam dynamic simulations are introduced. The construction progress including the ECR ion source, the axial injection beam line, the magnet, the RF system, the vacuum system etc. will be described respectively.

Slides TUA2CCO03 [1.679 MB]

THA1CIO02

First Commissioning Results from the Non-Scaling FFAG Accelerator, EMMA

septum, controls, acceleration, lattice

384

S.L. Smith
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

The first results from commissioning EMMA - the Electron Model of Many Applications- are summarised in this paper. EMMA is a 10 to 20 MeV electron ring designed to test our understanding of beam dynamics in a relativistic linear non-scaling fixed field alternating gradient accelerator (FFAG). EMMA will be the world's first non-scaling FFAG and the paper will outline the characteristics of the beam injected in to the accelerator as well as summarising the results of the 4 sector 'gantry-type' commissioning which took place at Daresbury Laboratory. The paper will report on recent progress made with the full EMMA ring commissioning, giving details of tune and orbit measurements as well as their correction to the desired lattice.

Slides THA1CIO02 [5.404 MB]

FRM2CCO04

BNCT System Using 30 MeV H⁻ Cyclotron

cyclotron, target, proton, beam-transport

430

T. Mitsumoto, K. Fujita, T. Ogasawara, H. Tsutsui, S. Yajima
SHI, Tokyo, Japan
A. Maruhashi, Y. Sakurai, H. Tanaka
KURRI, Osaka, Japan

Kyoto University and Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. have developed an accelerator-based neutron source for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) at the Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute (KURRI). In order to obtain 10⁹ n/cm²/sec epithermal neutron for cancer treatment, a newly designed 30 MeV H⁻ AVF cyclotron named HM-30 was constructed and is being operated. With newly developed spiral inflector, the beam current in the central region can exceed 2 mA. The cyclotron is operated stably at 1 mA owing to the limit of the facility. Extracted proton beam is expanded by two scanner magnets in order to moderate heat concentration on the beryllium target, which is directly cooled by water to endure 30 kW heat load. Mainly fast neutrons are emitted from the target, and moderated to epithermal region by a moderator which consists of lead, iron, polyethylene, etc. Thermal neutron flux in a water phantom is measured by gold wire, which is consistent with the calculation using MCNPX. Preclinical studies have been continued with 10B-p-Borono- phenylalanine.

Slides FRM2CCO04 [1.818 MB]