CYCLOTRONS2022 - List of Keywords (hadron)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
THAO01	On the Energy Limit of Compact Isochronous Cyclotrons	cyclotron, resonance, hadrontherapy, focusing	255
	W.J.G.M. Kleeven IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
	Existing analytical models for transverse beam dynamics in isochronous cyclotrons are often not valid or not precise for relativistic energies. The main difficulty in developing such models lies in the fact that cross-terms between derivatives of the average magnetic field and the azimuthally varying components cannot be neglected at higher energies. Taking such cross-terms rigorously into account results in an even larger number of terms that need to be included in the equations. In this paper, a method is developed which is relativistically correct and which provides results that are practical and easy to use. We derive new formulas, graphs, and tables for the radial and vertical tunes in terms of the flutter, its radial derivatives, the spiral angle and the relativistic gamma. Using this method, we study the 2nur=N structural resonance (N is number of sectors) and provide formulas and graphs for its stopband. Combining those equations with the new equation for the vertical tune, we find the stability zone and the energy limit of compact isochronous cyclotrons for any value of N. We confront the new analytical method with closed orbit simulations of the IBA C400 cyclotron for hadron therapy.
	Slides THAO01 [6.641 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-THAO01
About •	Received ※ 22 December 2022 — Revised ※ 05 February 2023 — Accepted ※ 07 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 02 April 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THBI01	Status on NHa C400 Cyclotron for Hadrontherapy	cyclotron, extraction, proton, resonance	264
	J. Mandrillon, M. Abs, P. Cailliau, S. Deprez, X. Donzel, G. Goosse, Y. Jongen, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, L.C.L. Koffel, V. Nuttens, Y. Otu, Y. Paradis IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium O. Cosson, L. Maunoury, Ph. Velten NHa, Caen, France
	C400 is an isochronous cyclotron for cancer therapy delivering high dose rates of alphas to carbons at 400 MeV/amu extracted by electrostatic deflector and protons at 260 MeV extracted by stripping of molecular hydrogen. IBA started to pre-design the system more than 13 years ago in collaboration with JINR. The responsibility for the development of C400 has meanwhile been taken over by the French company Normandy Hadontherapy (NHa). However, the study and design work continued with a very strong involvement of IBA for the past 3 years, from concept on paper to reality. We will describe the most innovative concepts and technical solutions on the accelerator from source to extraction and show the construction progress.
	Slides THBI01 [6.375 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-THBI01
About •	Received ※ 08 December 2022 — Revised ※ 12 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 31 January 2023 — Issue date ※ 18 February 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

THAO01

On the Energy Limit of Compact Isochronous Cyclotrons

cyclotron, resonance, hadrontherapy, focusing

255

W.J.G.M. Kleeven
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

Existing analytical models for transverse beam dynamics in isochronous cyclotrons are often not valid or not precise for relativistic energies. The main difficulty in developing such models lies in the fact that cross-terms between derivatives of the average magnetic field and the azimuthally varying components cannot be neglected at higher energies. Taking such cross-terms rigorously into account results in an even larger number of terms that need to be included in the equations. In this paper, a method is developed which is relativistically correct and which provides results that are practical and easy to use. We derive new formulas, graphs, and tables for the radial and vertical tunes in terms of the flutter, its radial derivatives, the spiral angle and the relativistic gamma. Using this method, we study the 2nur=N structural resonance (N is number of sectors) and provide formulas and graphs for its stopband. Combining those equations with the new equation for the vertical tune, we find the stability zone and the energy limit of compact isochronous cyclotrons for any value of N. We confront the new analytical method with closed orbit simulations of the IBA C400 cyclotron for hadron therapy.

Slides THAO01 [6.641 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-THAO01

About •

Received ※ 22 December 2022 — Revised ※ 05 February 2023 — Accepted ※ 07 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 02 April 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THBI01

Status on NHa C400 Cyclotron for Hadrontherapy

cyclotron, extraction, proton, resonance

264

J. Mandrillon, M. Abs, P. Cailliau, S. Deprez, X. Donzel, G. Goosse, Y. Jongen, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, L.C.L. Koffel, V. Nuttens, Y. Otu, Y. Paradis
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
O. Cosson, L. Maunoury, Ph. Velten
NHa, Caen, France

C400 is an isochronous cyclotron for cancer therapy delivering high dose rates of alphas to carbons at 400 MeV/amu extracted by electrostatic deflector and protons at 260 MeV extracted by stripping of molecular hydrogen. IBA started to pre-design the system more than 13 years ago in collaboration with JINR. The responsibility for the development of C400 has meanwhile been taken over by the French company Normandy Hadontherapy (NHa). However, the study and design work continued with a very strong involvement of IBA for the past 3 years, from concept on paper to reality. We will describe the most innovative concepts and technical solutions on the accelerator from source to extraction and show the construction progress.

Slides THBI01 [6.375 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-THBI01

About •

Received ※ 08 December 2022 — Revised ※ 12 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 31 January 2023 — Issue date ※ 18 February 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)