CYCLOTRONS2022 - List of Keywords (emittance)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOPO009	Study on the Extraction of a Compact Cyclotron for BNCT	extraction, cyclotron, focusing, neutron	73
	L.Y. Ji, S. An, T.J. Bian, F.P. Guan, S.M. Wei, H.D. Xie, J.S. Xing CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	An 18 MeV, 1 mA H⁻ compact cyclotron is under design at China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE). The proton beam bombards a beryllium target, producing high-flux neutron beam for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). Stripping extraction is adopted in this cyclotron. The position of the stripping point affects the trajectory and beam quality of the extracted beam. In this paper, we use orbit-tracking method to simulate the beam trajectory and emittance with different positions and tilt angles of stripping foil, and adopt the extraction point whose radius is 53.6 cm, azimuth is 57° and the tilt angle of the stripping foil is 15°.
	Poster MOPO009 [1.696 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOPO009
About •	Received ※ 31 December 2022 — Revised ※ 28 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 07 March 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEAO02	Simulation and Analysis of HIMM-IC Beam Dynamics with OPAL	simulation, cyclotron, extraction, injection	152
	G.L. Dou IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
	Since 2020, HIMM (Heavy Ion Medical Machine) facilities in both Wuwei and Lanzhou cities have been installed and put into clinical application or commissioning experiments. As an injector cyclotron (IC), HIMM-IC can provide 6.8 MeV/10 eµA 12C⁵⁺ beam for the synchrotron. Nevertheless, in terms of better beam quality and operation efficiency, HIMM-IC design still has a lot of room for improvement. We used OPAL simulation program to complete the 3D multi-particle dynamics simulation of HIMM-IC including the space charge effect. And the results show that it is in good agreement with the actual experimental measurements.
	Slides WEAO02 [3.819 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEAO02
About •	Received ※ 29 December 2022 — Revised ※ 12 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 01 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 07 February 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

FRBI01	Different Methods to Increase the Transmission in Cyclotron-Based Proton Therapy Facilities	optics, cyclotron, scattering, proton	368
	V. Maradia, A.L. Lomax, D. Meer, S. Psoroulas, J.M. Schippers, D.C. Weber PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	Funding: This work is supported by a PSI inter-departmental funding initiative (Cross) In proton therapy (PT), high dose rates could allow efficient utilization of motion mitigation techniques for moving targets, and potentially enhance normal tissue sparing due to the FLASH effect. Cyclotrons are currently the most common accelerator for PT, accounting for two-thirds of the total installations. However, for cyclotron-based facilities, high dose rates are difficult to reach for low-energy beams, which are generated by passing a high-energy beam through an energy degrader and an energy selection system (ESS); due to scattering and range straggling in the degrader, the emittance and energy/momentum spread increase significantly, incurring large losses from the cyclotron to the patient position. To solve these problems, we propose two approaches: a) transporting the maximum acceptable emittance in both transverse planes (using asymmetric collimators and/or scattering foil); b) an ESS with a wedge (instead of slits), reducing the momentum spread of the beam without significant beam losses. We demonstrate in simulation that low-energy beam transmission can be increased up to a factor of 60 using these approaches compared to the currently used beamline and ESS. This concept is key to enhance the potential of proton therapy by increasing the possibilities to treat new indications in current and future proton therapy facilities while reducing the cost.
	Slides FRBI01 [7.811 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-FRBI01
About •	Received ※ 12 January 2023 — Revised ※ 28 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 31 January 2023 — Issue date ※ 19 May 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOPO009

Study on the Extraction of a Compact Cyclotron for BNCT

extraction, cyclotron, focusing, neutron

73

L.Y. Ji, S. An, T.J. Bian, F.P. Guan, S.M. Wei, H.D. Xie, J.S. Xing
CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

An 18 MeV, 1 mA H⁻ compact cyclotron is under design at China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE). The proton beam bombards a beryllium target, producing high-flux neutron beam for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). Stripping extraction is adopted in this cyclotron. The position of the stripping point affects the trajectory and beam quality of the extracted beam. In this paper, we use orbit-tracking method to simulate the beam trajectory and emittance with different positions and tilt angles of stripping foil, and adopt the extraction point whose radius is 53.6 cm, azimuth is 57° and the tilt angle of the stripping foil is 15°.

Poster MOPO009 [1.696 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOPO009

About •

Received ※ 31 December 2022 — Revised ※ 28 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 07 March 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEAO02

Simulation and Analysis of HIMM-IC Beam Dynamics with OPAL

simulation, cyclotron, extraction, injection

152

G.L. Dou
IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China

Since 2020, HIMM (Heavy Ion Medical Machine) facilities in both Wuwei and Lanzhou cities have been installed and put into clinical application or commissioning experiments. As an injector cyclotron (IC), HIMM-IC can provide 6.8 MeV/10 eµA 12C⁵⁺ beam for the synchrotron. Nevertheless, in terms of better beam quality and operation efficiency, HIMM-IC design still has a lot of room for improvement. We used OPAL simulation program to complete the 3D multi-particle dynamics simulation of HIMM-IC including the space charge effect. And the results show that it is in good agreement with the actual experimental measurements.

Slides WEAO02 [3.819 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEAO02

About •

Received ※ 29 December 2022 — Revised ※ 12 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 01 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 07 February 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

FRBI01

Different Methods to Increase the Transmission in Cyclotron-Based Proton Therapy Facilities

optics, cyclotron, scattering, proton

368

V. Maradia, A.L. Lomax, D. Meer, S. Psoroulas, J.M. Schippers, D.C. Weber
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

Funding: This work is supported by a PSI inter-departmental funding initiative (Cross)
In proton therapy (PT), high dose rates could allow efficient utilization of motion mitigation techniques for moving targets, and potentially enhance normal tissue sparing due to the FLASH effect. Cyclotrons are currently the most common accelerator for PT, accounting for two-thirds of the total installations. However, for cyclotron-based facilities, high dose rates are difficult to reach for low-energy beams, which are generated by passing a high-energy beam through an energy degrader and an energy selection system (ESS); due to scattering and range straggling in the degrader, the emittance and energy/momentum spread increase significantly, incurring large losses from the cyclotron to the patient position. To solve these problems, we propose two approaches: a) transporting the maximum acceptable emittance in both transverse planes (using asymmetric collimators and/or scattering foil); b) an ESS with a wedge (instead of slits), reducing the momentum spread of the beam without significant beam losses. We demonstrate in simulation that low-energy beam transmission can be increased up to a factor of 60 using these approaches compared to the currently used beamline and ESS. This concept is key to enhance the potential of proton therapy by increasing the possibilities to treat new indications in current and future proton therapy facilities while reducing the cost.

Slides FRBI01 [7.811 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-FRBI01

About •

Received ※ 12 January 2023 — Revised ※ 28 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 31 January 2023 — Issue date ※ 19 May 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)