R. Panaś, A.I. Wawrzyniak
NSRC SOLARIS, Kraków, Poland
A. Curcio
LNF-INFN, Frascati, Italy
K. Łasocha
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
This paper presents a natural extension of prior theoretical investigations regarding the utilization of coherent diffraction radiation for assessing longitudinal characteristics of electron beams at Solaris. The study focuses on the measurement results obtained at the linac injector of the Solaris synchrotron and their analysis through a theoretical model. The findings are compared with previous estimates of the electron beam longitudinal profile. This paper contributes to the future diagnostics at the first Polish free electron laser (PolFEL) project, where it will be used for the optimization of particle accelerator performance.
N. Vallis, P. Craievich, R.F. Fortunati, R. Ischebeck, E. Ismaili, P.N. Juranič, F. Marcellini, G.L. Orlandi, M. Schaer, R. Zennaro, M. Zykova
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
Funding:This work was done under the auspices of CHART (chart.ch) This paper is an overview of a diagnostics setup for highly spread e⁺e⁻ beams, to be installed at the PSI Positron Production (P3 or P-cubed) experiment. To be hosted at the SwissFEL facility (PSI, Switzerland) in 2026, P3 is e+ source demonstrator designed to generate, capture, separate and detect nano-Coulombs of secondary e+ and e- bunches, in spite of their extreme tranverse emittance and energy spread. The experiment will employ an arrangement of broadband pick-ups (BBPs) to detect simultaneously the time structure of secondary e⁺e⁻ bunches. A spectrometer will follow the BBPs and deflect the e+ and e- onto two unconventional faraday cups that will measure their charge. In addition, the energy spectrum of e+ and e- distribution will be reconstructed through scintillating fibers.
T. Galatyuk, M. Kis, J. Pietraszko, J. Thaufelder, F. Ulrich-Pur
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
T. Galatyuk, V. Kedych, W. Krüger
TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
Funding:This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 871072. The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt requires a highly accurate beam monitoring and time-zero (T0) system. This system needs to meet the requirements of the CBM time-of-flight (ToF) measurement system for both proton and heavy ion beams, while also serving as part of the fast beam abort system. To achieve these goals, a detector based on chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond technology has been proposed. In addition, new developments using Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) are currently under evaluation. This contribution presents the current development status of the beam detector concept for the CBM experiment.
X.H. Tang, J.S. Cao, Y.Y. Du, J. He, Y.F. Sui, J.H. Yue
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Determining the mechanical center of the beam position monitor(BPM) has been a difficulty for BPM calibration. To solve this problem, a method of positioning the BPM mechanical center based on laser ranging is proposed. This method uses high-precision antenna support as the core locating datum, and high-precision laser ranging sensors(LRSs) as the detection tool. By detecting the distances from the LRSs to the antenna support and the distances from the LRSs to the BPM, the mechanical center of the BPM can be indirectly determined. The theoretical system error of this method is within 20¿m, and the experimental results show that the measurement repeatability is less than 40¿m, This method has low cost and fast speed, which can be used for large-scale calibration.
C.E. Houghton, C. Bloomer, L. Bobb, D. Crivelli, J.E. Melton, H. Patel
DLS, Harwell, United Kingdom
Sand-filled steel columns are used at Diamond Light Source to support front end X-ray beam position monitors. This approach is chosen due to the relatively large thermal mass of the sand being considered useful to reduce the rate at which expansion and contraction of the column occurred as the storage ring tunnel temperature varied, particularly during machine start-up. With the higher requirements for mechanical stability for the upcoming Diamond-II upgrade, there is now a need to assess and quantify the current system’s impact on X-ray beam movement. A study of thermal and mechanical stability has been carried out to quantify the stability performance of the front end X-ray beam position monitor’s columns and the impact that column motion may have on the X-ray beam position measurement. Measurements have been made over a range of different timescales, from 250 Hz up to 2 weeks. The measured stability of the support column is presented, showing that it meets our Diamond-II stability requirements. A comparison of the stability of the column with and without a sand filling is presented.
A.J. Clapp
Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom
L. Bobb, G. Cook
DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
P. Karataev
JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
This paper proposes a novel advancement in both the studies of Cherenkov diffraction radiation (ChDR) and beam instrumentation. The proposed beam position monitor (BPM) consists of two identical fused Silica prism radiators, with a fibre collimator attached to each one, which in turn are connected to a photodetector via a series of optical fibres. The setup will be implemented into the booster to storage ring transfer line at Diamond Light Source ¿ an electron light source with 3 GeV beam energy. The prototype proposed aims to test the feasibility of a full BPM utilising ChDR. If proven to be fully realisable, optical rather than capacitive BPM pickups could be more widely distributed. The paper will include the complete design and preliminary results of a one-dimensional BPM, utilising the ChDR effect.
S. Saadat, M.J. Boland
CLS, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
M.J. Boland
University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
The Orbit Correction System (OCS) of the CLS comprises 48 sets of BPMs. Each BPM has the ability to measure the position of the beam in both the X-Y directions and can record data at a rate of 900 times per second. The Inverse Response Matrix is utilized to determine the optimal strength of the 48 sets of orbit correctors in both the X-Y directions, in order to ensure that the beam follows its desired path. The Singular Value Decomposition function is replaced by a neural network algorithm to serve as the brain of the orbit correction system in this study. The training model’s design includes three hidden layers, and within each layer, there are 96 nodes. The neural network’s outputs for regular operations in CLS exhibit a Mean Square Error of 10-7. Various difficult scenarios were created to test the OCS at 8.0 mA, using offsets in different sections of the storage ring. However, the new model was able to produce the necessary Orbit Correctors signals without any trouble.
D. Schneider, M. Arnold, U. Bonnes, A. Brauch, M. Dutine, R. Grewe, L.E. Jürgensen, N. Pietralla, F. Schließmann, G. Steinhilber
TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
Funding:Work supported by DFG (GRK 2128), BMBF (05H21RDRB1), the State of Hesse within the Research Cluster ELEMENTS (Project ID 500/10.006) and the LOEWE Research Group Nuclear Photonics. The r-process fission cycle terminates the natural synthesis of heavy elements in binary neutron-star mergers. Fission processes of transuranium nuclides will be studied in electrofission reactions at the S-DALINAC*. Due to the minuscule fissile target, the experimental setup requires an active electron-beam-stabilization system with high accuracy and a beam position resolution in the submillimeter range. In this contribution, requirements and concepts of this system regarding beam-diagnostic elements, feedback control and readout electronics are presented. The usage of a beam position monitor cavity and optical transition radiation targets to monitor the required beam parameters will be discussed in detail. Additionally, various measurements performed at the S-DALINAC to assess requirements and limits for the beam-stabilization system will be presented. Finally, the option of using advanced machine learning methods such as neural networks and agent-based reinforcement learning will be discussed. *N. Pietralla, Nuclear Physics News, Vol. 28, No. 2, 4 (2018)
Funding:Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy The quadrupole scan is commonly used for measurement of beam emittance. The found dependence of the beam size vs. quadrupole strength is fitted with parabola, which coefficients are used for emittance calculations. The measurement errors can cause substantial variations in the emittance value. Sometimes the fitted parabola has negative minimum value, making impossible emittance calculation. We propose more robust data processing using weighted fit for parabola or modifying the quadrupole scan procedure. The experimental results are presented.
Funding:Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy Coherent Electron Cooling experiment carried out at RHIC requires small slice emittance of 15 MeV electron beam with high peak current. In this paper we describe the system for slice emittance measurement utilizing transverse deflecting cavity and slit. The image of the beam passing through the slit is used to measure slice intensity and angular divergence. Beam size at slit location is measured using scan of the beam across the slit with trim. The angular kick by the trim is taken into the account during calculations. Data processing and the experimental results are presented.
T. Lensch, D. Lipka, Re. Neumann, M. Werner
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
The SINBAD (Short and INnovative Bunches and Ac-celerators at DESY) facility, also called ARES (Acceler-ator Research Experiment at SINBAD), is a conventional S-band linear RF accelerator allowing the production of lowcharge ultra-short electron bunches within a range of currently 0.01 pC to 250 pC. The R&D accelerator also hosts various experiments. Especially for the medical eFLASH experiment an absolute, non-destructive charge measurement is needed. Therefore different types of monitors are installed along the 45 m long machine: A new Faraday Cup design had been simulated and realized. Further two resonant cavities (Dark Current monitors) and two beam charge transfomers (Toroids) are installed. Both, Dark Current Monitors and Toroids are calibrated independently with laboratory setups. At the end of the accelerator a Bergoz Turbo-ICT is installed. This paper will give an overview of the current installations of charge monitors at ARES and compare their measured linearity and resolution.
R.Y. Qiu, W.L. Huang, F. Li, M.A. Rehman, Z.X. Tan, Zh.H. Xu, R.J. Yang, T. Yang
IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
M.Y. Liu, L. Zeng
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Q.R. Liu
UCAS, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Funding:National Natural Science Foundation, U2032165 The Associated Proton beam Experiment Platform (APEP) beamline is the first proton irradiation facility to use naturally-stripped protons which come from H− beams interacting with the residual gas in the linac beampipe at CSNS. The stripped beam current, which is in the order of 0.1% of the original H− beam and approximately 10 mi-croamperes, should be measured precisely to provide the proton number for irradiation experiments. Therefore, a low-intensity beam current measurement system was developed with considerations to eliminate the external interferences. An anti-interference design is adopted in this system with an elaboration of probes, cables and electronic low-noise technology to minimize the impact of environmental noise and interferences. This improves the signal-to-noise ratio and enables a more precise measurement of the microampere-level pulsed beam cur-rent. The system was installed and tested during the summer maintenance in 2021 and 2022. It shows a good agreement with the measurement of the Faraday cup.
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D.C. Shin, H.-S. Kang, G. Kim, C.-K. Min, G. Mun
PAL, Pohang, Republic of Korea
We introduce the RF Phase Shifter (RPS) developed in the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory X-ray Free-Electron Laser (PAL-XFEL) to control the timing of optical laser system. This equipment is designed to finely adjust the timing of laser pulses with femtosecond scale by manipulating the phase of the RF reference using a couple of Direct Digital Synthesizer (DDS) devices. Furthermore, it is designed with low phase noise and low phase drift features in order to minimize the impact on the system in an open-loop operation. Currently these units are installed at the Injection site, Hard X-ray and Soft X-ray Beamline. They are implemented for the feedback control of the photocathode gun phase at the Injector and for the use in pump-probe experiments at the Beamlines. This paper describes the design, fabrication, and experimental results of the RPS, as well as its usage status at PAL-XFEL.
A. Schlögelhofer, T. Lefèvre, S. Mazzoni, E. Senes
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
L. Duvillaret
KAPTEOS, Sainte-Helene-du-Lac, France
A. Schlögelhofer
TU Vienna, Wien, Austria
The properties of Cherenkov diffraction radiation (ChDR) have been studied extensively during the recent years to be exploited for non-invasive beam diagnostic devices for short bunches. The dependence of charge and the influence of the bunch form factor on the coherent part of the radiated spectrum have been demonstrated and studied in the past. However, the actual field strength of coherent ChDR as well as its study in time domain need further investigation. In this contribution we are using electro-optical techniques to investigate and quantify these parameters. The electro-optical read-out brings the advantage of high bandwidth acquisition and insensitivity to electromagnetic interference, whereas at the same time a large fraction of the acquisition setup can be installed and operated outside of the radiation controlled areas. We will present experimental results from the CLEAR facility at CERN as well as simulations of the peak field of the temporal profile of beam-generated ChDR pulses.
J.C. Dooling, W. Berg, M. Borland, J.R. Calvey, L. Emery, A.M. Grannan, K.C. Harkay, Y. Lee, R.R. Lindberg, G. Navrotski, V. Sajaev, N. Sereno, J.B. Stevens, Y.P. Sun, K.P. Wootton
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
N.M. Cook
RadiaSoft LLC, Boulder, Colorado, USA
D.W. Lee, S.M. Riedel
UCSC, Santa Cruz, California, USA
Funding:Work supported by the U.S. D.O.E.,Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract number DE-AC02- 06CH11357. We present results from a recent collimator irradiation experiment conducted in the Advanced Photon Source (APS) storage ring. This experiment is the third in a series of studies to examine the effects of high-intensity electron beams on potential collimator material for the APS-Upgrade (APS-U). The intent here is to determine if a fan-out kicker can sufficiently reduce e-beam power density to protect horizontal collimators planned for the APS-U storage-ring. The fan-out kicker (FOK) spreads the bunched-beam vertically allowing it to grow in transverse dimensions prior to striking the collimator. In the present experiment, one of the two collimator test pieces is fabricated from oxygen-free copper; the other from 6061-T6 aluminum. As in past studies, diagnostics include turn-by-turn BPMs, a diagnostic image system, fast beam loss monitors, a pin-hole camera, and a current monitor. Post-irradiation analyses employ microscopy and metallurgy. To avoid confusion from multiple strikes, only three beam aborts are carried out on each of the collimator pieces; two with the FOK on and the other with it off. Observed hydrodynamic behavior will be compared with coupled codes.
D. Lipka, T. Lensch, Re. Neumann, M. Werner
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
The ARES facility (Accelerator Research Experiment at SINBAD) is an accelerator to produce low charge ultra-short electron bunches within a range of currently 0.5 pC to 200 pC. Especially for eFLASH experiments at ARES an absolute, non-destructive charge measurement is required. To measure an absolute charge of individual bunches different types of monitors are installed. A destructive Faraday Cup is used as reference charge measurement device. To measure the charge non-destructively 2 Toroids, 1 Turbo-ICT and 2 cavity monitors are installed. The latter system consists of the cavity, front-end electronics with logarithmic detectors and µTCA ADCs. The laboratory calibration of the cavity system is performed by using an arbitrary waveform generator which generate the same waveform like the cavity with beam. This results in a non-linear look-up table used to calculate the ADC amplitude in charge values independent of beam-based calibration. The measured charges from the cavity monitors agree very well within few percent in comparison with the Faraday Cup results.
O. Sedláček, A.R. Churchman, A. Rossi, G. Schneider, C.C. Sequeiro, K. Sidorowski, R. Veness
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
M. Ady, S. Mazzoni, M. Sameed
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
P. Forck, S. Udrea
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
O. Sedláček, O. Stringer, C.P. Welsch, H.D. Zhang
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
O. Sedláček, O. Stringer, C.P. Welsch, H.D. Zhang
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
A. Webber-Date
Cockcroft Institute, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
The ever-developing accelerator capabilities of increasing beam intensity, e.g. for High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), demand novel non-invasive beam diagnostics. As a part of the HL-LHC project a Beam Gas Curtain monitor (BGC), a gas jet-based fluorescence transverse profile monitor, is being developed. The BGC uses a supersonic gas jet sheet that traverses the beam at 45° and visualizes a two-dimensional beam-induced fluorescent image. The principle of observing photons created by fluorescence makes the monitor insensitive to present electric or magnetic fields. Therefore, the monitor is well suited for high-intensity beams such as low-energy electron beam of Hollow Electron Lens (HEL), and HL-LHC proton beam, either as a profile or an overlap monitor. This talk will focus on the first gas jet measured transverse profile of the 7keV hollow electron beam. The measurements were carried out at the Electron Beam Test Stand at CERN testing up to 5A beam for HEL. A comparison with Optical Transition Radiation measurements shows consistency with the BGC results. The BGC installation of January 2023 at LHC is shown, including past results from distributed gas fluorescence tests.
M. Chung, C.K. Sung
UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
We have developed a highly precise 4D emittance meter for X-Y coupled beams with 4D phase-space (x-x’, y-y’, x-y’, y-x’) which utilizes an L-shaped slit and employs novel analysis techniques. Our approach involves two types of slit-screen image processing to generate pepper-pot-like images with great accuracy. One which we call the "differential slit" method, was developed by our group. This approach involves combining two slit-screen images, one at position x and the other at position x + the size of the slit, to create a differential slit image. The other method we use is the "virtual pepper-pot (VPP)" method, which combines x-slit and y-slit images to produce a hole (x,y) image. By combining that hole images, we are able to take extra x-y’ and y-x’ phase-space. The "differential slit" method is crucial for accurately measuring emittance. Through simulations with 0.1 mm slit width using Geant4, the emittance uncertainties for a 5 nm rad and 0.2 mm size electron beam were 5% and 250% with and without the "differential slit", respectively. In this presentation, we provide a description of the methodology, the design of slit, and the results of the 4D emittance measurements.
E. Buchanan
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
J. Cenede, S. Deschamps, W. Devauchelle, A. Frassier, J.N.G. Kearney, R.G. Larsen, I. Ortega Ruiz
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
A new radiation hard profile monitor is being researched and developed for the North Area Beamlines at CERN. The monitor must have a spatial resolution of 1 mm or less, an active area of 20 x 20 cm, a low material budget (~0.3%) and be operational in a beam that has a maximum rate of ~2x1011 p/s in the full energy range of 0.5 ¿ 450 GeV/c. The current focus is the study of different detection mediums: silica optical fibres (Cherenkov radiation), glass capillaries filled with liquid scintillator, and hollow core optical fibres filled with scintillation gasses. Prototypes of the different fibre candidates have been tested with an Ultra-High Dose Rate electron beam, a low intensity hadron beam and will be tested with a high intensity hadron beam during summer 2023. The key properties to compare between the different fibres are the light yield and radiation tolerance. In parallel, the performance of the fibres is being tested for their compatibility of use for FLASH medical therapy applications.
T. Watanabe, O. Kamigaito, T. Nishi, A. Uchiyama
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
T. Adachi, B. Brionnet, K.M. Morimoto
RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
A. Kamoshida
National Instruments Japan Corporation, MInato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
K. Kaneko, R. Koyama
SHI Accelerator Service Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
The newly constructed superconducting linear accelerator (SRILAC) is now in operation with the aim of discovering new superheavy elements and advancing the production of medical radiation isotopes. Because it is crucial to extend the durability of the expensive Cm target for as long as possible, these experiments require the accelerated V beam to be sufficiently widened. To this end, a helium gas light emission monitor (HeLM) has been introduced to measure the beam profile. Because He gas flows within the target chamber, by capturing the light emitted from He gas with a CCD camera, the beam profile can be obtained nondestructively and continuously. These measurements are handled through programming in LabVIEW, with analyzed data integrated into an EPICS control system. A method to estimate the beam envelope has been recently developed by leveraging the measured quadrupole moments with beam energy position monitors (BEPMs), and incorporating calculations of the transfer matrix. The synergistic use of HeLM and BEPM plays a useful role in accurately controlling the beam size at the Cm target.
G.I. Jung
Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
Y.S. Hwang, Y.J. Yoon
KOMAC, KAERI, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
Funding:This work has benn supported through KOMAC (Korea of Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex) operation fund of KAERI by MSIT (Ministry of Science and ICT The KOMAC (Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex) has operated 100-MeV proton linear accelerator and provide high flux proton beam at the TR103, a general purpose irradiation facility. To uniformly irradiate the sample with protons, it is important to confirm the beam profile uniformity through the quality assurance (QA) process. Recently, for real-time and in-situ proton beam profile monitoring at the TR103, P43 phosphor screen and TE-cooled CMOS camera were introduced and tested. The camera captured images of the emitted light as protons with energy of 15, 42, 100 MeV were incident. A software for selecting beam profile image and post-processing of image data such as background subtraction, image smoothing, geometrical correction, selecting Region Of Interest (ROI) and X-Y coordination was developed using Python. Measured beam profiles using phosphor screen and cooled camera were compared to Gafchromic film. The linearity between light output and beam flux were measured. In this study, we will discuss the test results of proton beam profile measurement using phosphor screen and TE-cooled CMOS camera for introduction to quality assurance process at the TR103.
C. Bloomer, L. Bobb
DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
M.E. Newton
University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
A non-destructive CVD diamond X-ray beam imaging monitor has been developed for synchrotron beamlines. The device can be permanently installed in the X-ray beam path and is capable of transmissively imaging the beam profile at 100 frames per second. The response of this transmissive detector at this imaging rate is compared to synchronously acquired images using a destructive fluorescent screen. It is shown that beam position, size, and intensity measurements can be obtained with minimal disturbance to the transmitted X-ray beam. This functionality is beneficial to synchrotron beamlines as it enables them to monitor the X-ray beam focal size and position in real-time, during user experiments. This is a key enabling technology that would enable live beam size feedback, keeping the beamline’s focusing optics optimised at all times. Ground vibrations (10-20Hz) can cause movement of focusing optics and beamline mirrors, which disturb the X-ray beam and reduce the ultimate quality of the sample-point beam. This instrument can detect this beam motion, enabling the source to be more easily determined and mitigations to be put in place.
Funding:This work was produced by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The current program at Fermilab involves the construction of a new superconducting linear accelerator (LINAC) to replace the existing warm version. The new LINAC, together with other planned improvements, is in support of proton beam intensities in the Main Injector (MI) that will exceed 2 MW. Measuring the transverse profiles of these high intensity beams in a ring requires non-invasive techniques. The MI uses ionization profile monitors as its only profile system. An alternative technique involves measuring the deflection of a probe beam of electrons with a trajectory perpendicular to the proton beam. This type of device was installed in MI and initial studies of it have been previously presented. This paper will present the status and recent studies of the device utilizing different techniques.
G.B. Rosenthal, J.I. Anderson, A. Cao, E. Cramer, T. Gordon, K. Kuhn, O.O. Ledezma Vazquez, J. Lopez, S. Lynam, J.B. Ringuette, L. Szeto, J. Zhou
Nusano, Valencia, CA, USA
E.F. Dorman, R.C. Emery, B. Smith
University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
Nusano is developing a 50 MeV alpha (4He++) particle accelerator*, primarily to produce medical radionuclides. The accelerator produces an average current of 3 mAe with 20 mAe average macro pulse current. This results in an average beam power of 75 kW, and an average beam power within the macro pulse of 500 kW. The beam profile at the exit of the DTL is approximately gaussian with a diameter (FWHM) of about 3 mm. Designing diagnostics for this beam is challenging, as any diagnostics that intercept beam will receive a very high heat load. A BIFM (Beam Induced Fluorescence Monitor) is being developed to measure beam profiles. Nitrogen gas is leaked into the beamline. Excitation of the nitrogen by beam particles is captured using an image intensifier. The signal generated is directly proportional to the beam current. A prototype system has been constructed and tested on a lower intensity alpha beam. First results indicate we can measure beam profile to a 100 µm accuracy. Production system is currently being designed. * The Nusano accelerator can also accelerate 2H+, 3He++, 6Li3+, 7Li3+, and a few other heavier ions.
V.E. Scarpine, B.J. Fellenz, A. Semenov, D. Slimmer
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
Funding:This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359. The Mu2E experiment will measure the ratio of the rate of the neutrinoless, coherent conversion of muons into electrons as a measure of Charged Lepton Flavor Violation. As part of the Mu2E experiment, a proton storage ring, called the Delivery Ring, will utilize resonant extraction to slow-spill protons to the experiment. To regulate and optimize the Delivery Ring resonant extraction process, a fast tune measurement scheme will be required. This Mu2E tune meter will measure the average tune and the tune spectrum, in multiple time slices, through the entire resonant extraction cycle of nominally 43 msec. The Mu2E tune meter utilizes vertical and horizontal 21.4 MHz Schottky detector resonant pickups, taken from the decommissioned Tevatron, as well as its receiver electronics. This paper will present the design of this Schottky tune meter as well as tune measurements from the Mu2E Delivery Ring.
