Paper | Title | Other Keywords | Page |
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SUPB014 | RF Setup of the MedAustron RFQ | rfq, resonance, simulation, pick-up | 35 |
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A Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) was built for the injector of the cancer treatment facility MedAuston in Austria. For the RF design simulations were performed using CST Microwave Studio and the structure was manufactured by Firma Kress in Biebergemuend, Germany. The simulations and the RF setup of the delivered RFQ are presented in this paper. | |||
SUPB016 | RFQ With Improved Energy Gain | rfq, simulation, acceleration, emittance | 41 |
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RFQ structure is practically only one choice for using in front ends of ion linacs for acceleration up to energy about 3 MeV. This limit is due to its relatively low acceleration efficiency. However it isn’t intrinsic feature of RFQ principle. It is defined only by vane geometry of conventional RFQ structure with sinusoidal modulation of vanes. The paper presents results of analysis RFQ with modified vane geometries that allow to improve acceleration efficiency. RFQ with modified vanes was used for design second section of heavy ion injector of TWAC for acceleration of ions with Z/A = 0.33 up to 7 MeV/u. | |||
MO3A01 | Development of H-mode Linacs for the FAIR Project | linac, DTL, proton, cavity | 120 |
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H-mode cavities offer outstanding shunt impedances at low beam energies and enable the acceleration of intense ion beams. Crossed-bar H-cavities extend these properties to energies even beyond 100 MeV. Thus, the designs of the new injector linacs for FAIR, i.e. a 70 MeV, 70 mA proton driver for pbar-production and a cw intermediate mass, superconducting ion linac are based on these novel cavities. Several prototypes (normal & super-conducting) have been built and successfully tested. Moreover, designs for a replacement of the 80 MV Alvarez section of the GSI - Unilac will be discussed to improve the capabilities as the future FAIR heavy ion injector. | |||
Slides MO3A01 [2.741 MB] | |||
MO3A03 | FRANZ – Accelerator Test Bench and Neutron Source | proton, neutron, rfq, space-charge | 130 |
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The challenge of existing and planned neutron sources is to provide highly brilliant ion beams with high reliability. The Frankfurt neutron source FRANZ is not only a neutron source but also a test bench for novel accelerator and diagnostic concepts for intense ion beams. The experiment consists of a compact linear accelerator test bench for the acceleration of an intense proton beam to 2 MeV producing the neutrons via the 7Li(p,n) reaction. The final beam intensity will be 200 mA, therefore the space charge and space charge compensation effects can be studied with high statistical relevance along the accelerator. The low energy beam transport LEBT is equipped with four solenoids matching the beam into the chopper system and into the RFQ-IH combination already under construction. The coupling of the RFQ accelerator stage and the IH drift tube cavity offers the possibility to use only one power amplifier as a driver for both of these resonators and reduces investment costs. The compact design of this low-β accelerator stage is optimized for high beam intensities to overcome the strong space charge forces expected in this accelerator test bench. | |||
MOPB062 | A New Internal Optical Profilometry System for Characterization of RF Cavity Surfaces – CYCLOPS | cavity, controls, feedback, acceleration | 318 |
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Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177. Jefferson Lab has received and commissioned a new interferometric optical profilometer specifically designed to provide internal surface mapping of elliptical rf cavities. The CavitY CaLibrated Optical Profilometry System – CYCLOPS – provides better than 2 micron lateral resolution and 0.1 micron surface height resolution of programmatically selected locations on the interior surface of multi-cell cavities. The system is being used to provide detailed characterization of surface topographic evolution as a function of applied surface treatments and to investigate particular localized defects. We also intend to use the system for 3D mapping of actual interior rf surface geometry for feedback to structure design model and fabrication tooling. First uses will be illustrated. CYCLOPS was developed and fabricated by MicroDynamics Inc., Woodstock, GA, USA. |
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MOPB069 | Study of HPR Created Oxide Layer at Nb Surfaces | SRF, vacuum, cavity, electron | 336 |
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The performance of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) niobium (Nb) cavities strongly depends on final surface condition. Therefore the surface preparation of these SRF cavities often becomes critical. The preparation of surface includes two steps; surface chemistry (in order to get a smooth surface) and cleaning/rinsing (in order to remove contaminants left after the surface chemistry). As high pressure rinsing (HPR) with ultra pure water (UPW) is most commonly used surface cleaning method after the surface chemistry, it's very interesting to characterize the Nb surfaces after HPR. Results of our surface characterization done by XPS (x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) with depth profiling show the presence of a thicker oxide surface characterization results show the presence of a thicker oxide layer at Nb surface as an outcome of HPR. In this article, we report the production of oxide layer (FWHM thickness) based on different conditions such as the pressures and doses. | |||
MOPB082 | RF Parameters of the TE - Type Deflecting Structure for S-Band Frequency Range | impedance, multipole, linac, heavy-ion | 366 |
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Funding: in part RBFR N 12-02-0654-a Effective compact deflecting structure* has been proposed for L-band frequency range preferably. RF parameters of this structure considered for S-band frequency range both for traveling and standing wave operation. * -V. Paramonov, L. Kravchuk, INR, S. Korepanov. Effective Standing Wave RF Structure for Particle Beam Deflector. Proc. 2006 Linac Conference, p. 649 |
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TU1A04 | FRIB Accelerator Status and Challenges | linac, cavity, cryomodule, target | 417 |
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Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661 The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) at MSU includes a driver linac that can accelerate all stable isotopes to energies beyond 200 MeV/u at beam powers up to 400 kW. The linac consists of 330 superconducting quarter- and half-wave resonators operating at 2 K temperature. Physical challenges include acceleration of multiple charge states of beams to meet beam-on-target requirements, efficient production and acceleration of intense heavy-ion beams from low to intermediate energies, accommodation of multiple charge stripping scenarios (liquid lithium, helium gas, and carbon foil) and ion species, designs for both baseline in-flight fragmentation and ISOL upgrade options, and design considerations of machine availability, tunability, reliability, maintainability, and upgradability. We report on the FRIB accelerator design and developments with emphasis on technical challenges and progress. |
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Slides TU1A04 [4.531 MB] | |||
TUPLB06 | Status of the Rare Isotope Science Project in Korea | ISOL, linac, cyclotron, target | 455 |
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Funding: National Research Foundation of Korea A heavy-ion accelerator facility is being designed in Korea for the production of rare isotope beams under the name of rare isotope science project (RISP). The project is funded and officially started in Jan. 2012. The accelerator complex is composed of three main accelerators: a superconducting linac to use in-flight fragmentation (IF) method in generating isotope beams, a 70 kW proton cyclotron for the ISOL method, and a superconducting post accelerator for re-acceleration of rare isotope beams to the energy range of 18 MeV/u. The minimum energy of a U beam required for the IF driver is 200 MeV/u at the beam power of 400 kW. The beam current of U ions in high charge states is limited by the performance of existing ECR ion sources. This facility will be unique in the aspect that state-of-art accelerators are facilitated for both the IF and ISOL drivers and combined to produce extreme exotic beams. Also, standalone operation of each accelerator will allow us to accommodate diverse users from beam application fields as well as nuclear physics. The current status of the design efforts will be presented. |
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Slides TUPLB06 [1.901 MB] | |||
TUPLB07 | Reduced-beta Cavities for High-intensity Compact Accelerators | cavity, electron, niobium, heavy-ion | 458 |
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Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under contract number DE-AC02-06CH11357 and WFO 8R268. This paper reports on the development and testing of a superconducting quarter-wave and a superconducting half-wave resonator. The quarter-wave resonator is designed for β = 0.077 ions, operates at 72 MHz and can provide more than 7.4 MV of accelerating voltage at the design beta, with peak surface fields of 164 mT and 117 MV/m. Operation was limited to this level not by RF surface defects but by our available RF power and administrative limits on x-ray production. A similar goal is being pursued in the development of a half-wave resonator designed for β = 0.29 ions and operated at 325 MHz. |
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TUPLB08 | R&D Towards CW Ion Linacs at ANL | cryomodule, rfq, cavity, acceleration | 461 |
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Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics, under Contract DE-AC02-76CH03000, DE-AC02-06CH11357 and ANL WFO 85Y47. The accelerator development group in ANL’s Physics Division has engaged in substantial R&D related to CW proton and ion accelerators. Particularly, a 4 meter long 60.625 MHz CW RFQ has been developed, built and is being commissioned with beam. Development and fabrication of a cryomodule with seven 72.75 MHz quarter-wave cavities is complete and it is being assembled. Off-line testing of several QWRs has demonstrated outstanding performance in terms of both accelerating voltage and surface resistance. Both the RFQ and cryomodule were developed and built to upgrade ATLAS to higher efficiency and beam intensities. Another cryomodule with eight 162.5 MHz SC HWRs and eight SC solenoids is being developed and built for Project X at FNAL. We are also developing both an RFQ and cryomodules (housing 176 MHz HWRs) for proton & deuteron acceleration at SNRC (Soreq, Israel). In this paper we discuss ANL-developed technologies for normal-conducting and SC accelerating structures for medium- and high-power CW accelerators, including the projects mentioned above and other developments for applications such as transmutation of spent reactor fuel. |
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Slides TUPLB08 [1.414 MB] | |||
TUPB028 | Status of the Rare Isotope Science Project in Korea | ISOL, linac, cyclotron, target | 534 |
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Funding: National Research Foundation of Korea A heavy-ion accelerator facility is being designed in Korea for the production of rare isotope beams under the name of rare isotope science project (RISP). The project is funded and officially started in Jan. 2012. The accelerator complex is composed of three main accelerators: a superconducting linac to use in-flight fragmentation (IF) method in generating isotope beams, a 70 kW proton cyclotron for the ISOL method, and a superconducting post accelerator for re-acceleration of rare isotope beams to the energy range of 18 MeV/u. The minimum energy of a U beam required for the IF driver is 200 MeV/u at the beam power of 400 kW. The beam current of U ions in high charge states is limited by the performance of existing ECR ion sources. This facility will be unique in the aspect that state-of-art accelerators are facilitated for both the IF and ISOL drivers and combined to produce extreme exotic beams. Also, standalone operation of each accelerator will allow us to accommodate diverse users from beam application fields as well as nuclear physics. The current status of the design efforts will be presented. |
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TUPB029 | Beam Intensity and Energy Control for the SPIRAL2 Facility | pick-up, controls, linac, rfq | 537 |
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The first part of the SPIRAL2 facility, which entered last year in the construction phase at GANIL in France, consists of an ion source, a deuteron and a proton source, a RFQ and a superconducting linear accelerator delivering high intensity, up to 5mA and 40 MeV for the deuteron beams. Diagnostic developments have been done to control the intensity and the beam energy by non-interceptive methods at the linac exit. The beam current is measured by using couples of ACCT-DCCT installed along the lines and the beam energy by using a time of flight device. This paper gives explanations about the technical solutions, the results and resolutions for measuring and controlling the beam. | |||
TUPB030 | Overview of the Superconducting Linacs of the Rare Isotope Science Project | cryomodule, diagnostics, linac, heavy-ion | 540 |
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The Rare Isotope Science Project is launched in Korea to build a IF and ISOL facilities. The IF driver superconducting linac is to accelerate ion beams up to 200 MeV/u for U beam and 600 MeV for proton beam. The ISOL post linac is a superconducting linac to accelerate up to 18 MeV/u for U beam. General layout of SC linac is discussed. | |||
TUPB031 | Beam Envelope Analysis and Simulation | linac, simulation, emittance, controls | 543 |
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Forming the charge particle beams with small cross-sections and low energies is an actual problem for a linac design. That beams are used actively for isotope therapy, ion implantation, etc. Beam emittance is its quality factor, and it should be matched with a facility channel acceptance. The method for beam dynamics analysis at linac is developed in terms of non-coherent particle oscillation study. Nonlinear beam dynamics is investigated by using this method. It is shown that this technique allows one to realize effective beam emittance control. Analytical results obtained are verified by means of numerical simulation. | |||
TUPB032 | Beam Dynamics of the Linac ALPI-PIAVE in View of Possible Upgrades Scenario for the SPES Project. | rfq, linac, emittance, injection | 546 |
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At the Legnaro National Laboratories it is operating a Super Conducting linac for nuclear studies named ALPI. The ALPI linac is injected either by a XTU tandem, up to 14 MV, or by the s-c PIAVE injector, made with 2 SC-RFQ. In this article will be report the beam dynamics simulations for some possible scenario upgrade of the linac operate by a new injector, made with a new RFQ. | |||
TUPB034 | A Helium Injector for Coupled RFQ and SFRFQ Cavity Project at Peking University | ion-source, solenoid, rfq, extraction | 552 |
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A new acceleration structure named as coupled RFQ and SFRFQ cavity is under design at Peking University (PKU). A pulsed He+ beam injector will be needed to transport 30 keV 20 mA He+ beam with a factor of 1/6, pulse width of 1 ms and normalized rms emittance less than 0.15 π{·}mm{·}mrad for this composited type cavity. Based on the experimental results obtained on the PKU LEBT test bench, a 1.16 m long two-solenoid type low energy beam transport (LEBT) line was developed. In this paper we will address the 30 keV He+ ion beam transportation experiment results on the test bench as well as the specific design on the helium injector. | |||
TUPB035 | A New Design of the RFQ Channel for GSI HITRAP Facility | rfq, simulation, DTL, linac | 555 |
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The HITRAP linac at GSI is designed to decelerate ions with mass to charge ratio of A/Z<3 from 4 MeV/u to 6 keV/u for experiments with ion traps. The particles are decelerated to 500 keV/u with an IH-DTL stucture and finally to 6 keV/u with a 4-rod RFQ. During commissioning stage the deceleration to approx. 500 keV/u was successfully demonstrated, while no particles behind the RFQ with an energy of 6 keV/u were observed. Dedicated simulations with DYNAMION code, based on 3D-fotometrie of the fabricated RFQ electrodes were successfully performed comprehending the commissioning results. In a second step the simulations have been experimentally confirmed at a test-stand (MPI, Heidelberg). An input energy, accepted by the RFQ channel is significantly higher than design value. For this reason the longitudinal beam emittance after deceleration with IH structure does not fit to the longitudinal RFQ acceptance. To solve this problem a new design of the RFQ channel with a correct input energy has been started. New RFQ parameters and the results of the beam dynamics simulations are presented in this paper. | |||
TUPB039 | Conceptual Design of Superconducting Heavy Ion Linear Injector for HIAF | cryomodule, linac, solenoid, cavity | 561 |
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A heavy ion accelerator facility, High Intensity Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF), has been promoted by Institute of Modern Physics (IMP)of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). The injector of the accelerator facility is a superconducting linac. It is a high intensity heavy ion linac and works on pulse mode. The final energy is 150 MeV/u. The accelerated species are from P to Uranium. The linac works with both laser and ECR ion source. The designed current is 20 emA. The general concept of HIAF and the preliminary design of linear injector are presented in the paper. | |||
TUPB043 | One Design of Heavy Ion Linac Injector for CSRm | linac, heavy-ion, emittance, acceleration | 573 |
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The design of heavy ion linac as one new injector of the main Cooling Storage Ring (CSRm) has been discussed. The linac design is based on interdigital H mode drift tube with KONUS (Kombinierte Null Grad Struktur). A high acceleration rate with zero degree synchronous particle phase acceleration reduce the length of IH-KONUS linac and the cost in comparison with conventional linac based on Alvarez structure. To reduce the effect of emittance growth, the RFQ structure is used in front of the IH-KONUS linac. In this linac, the design particle 238U28+ will be accelerated to 7 AMeV, and the transmission of Uranium beam can reach up to 80%. In this report, the initial physics design of the main linac is presented. | |||
TUPB046 | R&D Towards CW Ion Linacs at ANL | cryomodule, rfq, cavity, acceleration | 579 |
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Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics, under Contract DE-AC02-76CH03000, DE-AC02-06CH11357 and ANL WFO 85Y47. The accelerator development group in ANL’s Physics Division has engaged in substantial R&D related to CW proton and ion accelerators. Particularly, a 4 meter long 60.625 MHz CW RFQ has been developed, built and is being commissioned with beam. Development and fabrication of a cryomodule with seven 72.75 MHz quarter-wave cavities is complete and it is being assembled. Off-line testing of several QWRs has demonstrated outstanding performance in terms of both accelerating voltage and surface resistance. Both the RFQ and cryomodule were developed and built to upgrade ATLAS to higher efficiency and beam intensities. Another cryomodule with eight 162.5 MHz SC HWRs and eight SC solenoids is being developed and built for Project X at FNAL. We are also developing both an RFQ and cryomodules (housing 176 MHz HWRs) for proton & deuteron acceleration at SNRC (Soreq, Israel). In this paper we discuss ANL-developed technologies for normal-conducting and SC accelerating structures for medium- and high-power CW accelerators, including the projects mentioned above and other developments for applications such as transmutation of spent reactor fuel. |
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TUPB049 | Superconducting Low Beta Niobium Resonator for Heavy Ions | linac, niobium, DTL, heavy-ion | 588 |
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For the high current injector at Inter-University Accelerator Centre, a new superconducting niobium resonator optimized for β = 0.05 operating at 97 MHz, has been designed and fabricated. This resonator has the highest frequency in its class among the superconducting structures designed for such low velocity particles. The resonator has been carefully modeled using Microwave Studio code to minimize the peak magnetic field in order to achieve high accelerating gradients in it. Even though the resonance frequency is high, the physical dimensions of the resonator are large enough to allow processing of its superconducting surface effectively. The mechanical design of the resonator has been modeled using ANSYS multiphysics to increase the frequency of the lowest mechanical eigenmode of the central co-axial line, and also reduce liquid helium induced pressure fluctuations in the resonator. Bead pull measurements have been performed on the niobium resonator and they match with the design values very well. Cold tests at 4.2 K will be performed in the next few weeks. This paper will briefly present the design of the low beta resonator and details of the results from the cold tests. | |||
TUPB066 | Reduced-beta Cavities for High-intensity Compact Accelerators | cavity, electron, niobium, heavy-ion | 621 |
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Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under contract number DE-AC02-06CH11357 and WFO 8R268. This paper reports on the development and testing of a superconducting quarter-wave and a superconducting half-wave resonator. The quarter-wave resonator is designed for β = 0.077 ions, operates at 72 MHz and can provide more than 7.4 MV of accelerating voltage at the design beta, with peak surface fields of 164 mT and 117 MV/m. Operation was limited to this level not by RF surface defects but by our available RF power and administrative limits on x-ray production. A similar goal is being pursued in the development of a half-wave resonator designed for β = 0.29 ions and operated at 325 MHz. |
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TUPB069 | BEAMDULAC-SCL Code for Complex Approach of Beam Dynamic Investigation in SC LINAC | simulation, linac, focusing, solenoid | 630 |
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Periodic sequences of independently phased accelerating cavities and focusing solenoids are used in MeV and GeV energy range linacs. The beam dynamic investigation is difficult for such superconducting linear accelerator. The matrix calculation was preferably used for primary choused of accelerating structure parameters. This method does not allows properly investigate the longitudinal motion. The smooth approximation can be used to investigate the nonlinear ion beam dynamics in such accelerating structure and to calculate longitudinal and transverse acceptances. The potential function and the equation of motion in the Hamilton form are devised by the smooth approximation. The advantages and disadvantages of each method will describe, the results of investigation will compare. The user friendly software BEAMDULAC-SCL for ion beam dynamic analysis was created. A numerical simulation of beam dynamics in the real field are carried out for the different variants of the accelerator structure based on previously analytically obtained results. | |||
TUPB074 | Superconducting CW Heavy Ion Linac at GSI | linac, heavy-ion, cavity, solenoid | 645 |
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Funding: Helmholtz Institute Mainz (HIM) An upgrade program has to be realized in the next years, such that enhanced primary beam intensities at the experiment target are available. For this a new sc 28 GHz full performance ECR ion source is under development. Via a new low energy beam line an already installed new RFQ and an IH-DTL will provide for cw-heavy ion beams with high average beam intensity. It is planned to build a new cw-heavy ion-linac behind this high charge state injector. In preparation an R&D program is still ongoing: The first linac section comprising a sc CH-cavity embedded by two sc solenoids (financed by HIM) as a demonstrator will be tested with beam at the GSI High Charge Injector (HLI).The new linac should feed the GSI flagship experiments SHIP and TASCA, as well as material research, biophysics and plasma physics experiments in the MeV/u-area. The linac will be integrated in the GSI-UNILAC-environment; it is housed by the existing constructions. Different layout scenarios of a multipurpose high intensity heavy ion facility will be presented as well as the schedule for preparation and integration of the new cw-linac. |
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TH1A04 | Superconducting Linac and Associated Developments at IUAC Delhi | linac, rfq, ECR, cavity | 763 |
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A superconducting linear accelerator system consisting of a series of independently phase locked niobium quarter wave resonators has been developed as a booster of heavy ion beams available from the existing 15UD Pelletron accelerator. Two superconducting linac booster modules having eight niobium quarter wave resonators (QWRs) each have been installed and are fully operational for regular scheduled experiments. The third module is being added to the system. A new high current injector has been planned to couple to the superconducting linac. For this a high temperature superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source (HTS-ECRIS) was designed, fabricated and installed successfully. A radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator is being developed for accelerating accelerate ions from the ECR (A/Q ~ 6) to an energy to of about 180 keV/A. The beams will then be accelerated further by drift tube linacs (DTL) to the required velocity to inject them to the existing superconducting linac booster. Prototypes of both these have been tested for power and thermal studies. Details of these developments and associated systems will be presented. | |||
Slides TH1A04 [7.830 MB] | |||
TH2A02 | SPIRAL2 Accelerator Construction Progress | linac, rfq, ECR, cryomodule | 773 |
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The SPIRAL2 superconducting accelerator installation starts in 2012. The major components have been tested in the various partner laboratories, and the building construction is well engaged. The management of the interfaces between process and buildings is a strategic point in an underground project with strong space constraints. This contribution will describe the performances of the various components of the SPIRAL2 accelerator, and the methodology put in place in order to insure the integration of the process inside the buildings. | |||
Slides TH2A02 [5.441 MB] | |||
TH3A03 | ERL-Based Lepton-Hadron Colliders: eRHIC and LHeC | electron, linac, hadron, proton | 797 |
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This talk will review hadron-ERL collider projects. The LHeC is a plan to collide the LHC beam with electrons or positrons. One scheme for this facility is based on a superconducting recirculating linac with energy recovery. The electron hadron collider eRHIC will collide polarized and unpolarized electrons with a current of 50 mA and energy in the range of 5 GeV to 30 GeV with hadron beams, including heavy ions or polarized light ions of the RHIC storage ring. The electron beam will be generated in an energy recovery linac contained inside the RHIC tunnel, comprising six passes through two linac section of about 2.5 GeV each. | |||
Slides TH3A03 [3.286 MB] | |||
THPLB04 | Preliminary Study of Proton Beam Transport in a 10 MeV Dielectric Wall Accelerator | proton, focusing, accelerating-gradient, injection | 816 |
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Funding: Nuclear Energy Technology Development project; National Natural Science Foundation of China (11035004) A novel proton accelerator based on Dielectric Wall Accelerator (DWA) technology is being developed at Institute of Fluid Physics (IFP). The accelerating gradient will be 20 MV/m or even higher based on current high gradient insulator (HIG) performance. Theoretical study and numerical simulation of accelerating the proton beam to 10 MeV by virtual traveling wave method is presented in this paper. The beam dynamics under accelerating pulse with or without flattop is discussed. |
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Slides THPLB04 [1.191 MB] | |||
THPLB05 | R&D Activities on High Intensity Superconducting Proton Linac at RRCAT | cavity, SRF, niobium, linac | 819 |
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Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology (RRCAT), Indore has taken up a program on development of 1 GeV high intensity superconducting proton linac for Spallation Neutron Source. This will require several multi-cell superconducting cavities operating at different RF frequencies. To start with, a number of single-cell prototype cavities at 1.3 GHz have been developed in high RRR bulk niobium. These single-cell cavities have exhibited high quality factor and accelerating gradients. Superconducting properties of niobium are being studied for varying composition of impurities and different processing conditions. Development activity on solid state RF amplifiers to power the SCRF cavities at various RF frequencies is being pursued. A building has been constructed to house the SCRF cavity fabrication and processing facility. To characterize SCRF cavity, a 2 K Vertical Test Stand is being set up including a 2 K cryostat, RF power supply and data acquisition system. Design activities for cryomodule and large 2 K cryostat for Horizontal Test Stand are also under progress. The paper will discuss the status of above R&D activities and infrastructure development at RRCAT. | |||
Slides THPLB05 [1.614 MB] | |||
THPLB06 | The New Option for a Front End of Ion Linac | rfq, DTL, proton, linac | 822 |
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The standard ion linac front-end consisting of RFQ, two tanks of accelerating IH-structures, MEBTs with matching and focusing elements is modified to achieve better performances. Special vane section that provides the same beam transformation as debuncher and quadrupole triplet is added within the RFQ tank, whereas superconducting focusing elements, solenoids, for example, are used between the IH - structure tanks. Test frond end was designed to provide the output beam energy up to 4 MeV/u for the particles with charge-to-mass ratio of 0.16 < q/m ≤ 1. Results of beam dynamics simulation are presented. Possible application of the considered scheme for the NICA facility at JINR (Dubna, Russia) is discussed. | |||
Slides THPLB06 [0.482 MB] | |||
THPLB07 | Experience with a 4-Rod CW Radio Frequency Quadrupole | rfq, damping, linac, resonance | 825 |
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Since 1991 the High Charge State Injector (HLI) provides heavy ion beams for the linear accelerator UNILAC at GSI*. It is equipped with an ECR ion source and an RFQ-IH linac which accelerates highly charged ion beams with high duty factor of up to 30% to 1.4 MeV/u for further acceleration in the Alvarez DTL of the UNILAC. Main user of these beams is the Super Heavy Element (SHE) research, one of the outstanding projects at GSI**. Experiments like TASCA and SHIP strongly benefit from the high average beam intensities. After two decades of successful operation the four-rod Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator was replaced in 2010 by a newly designed RFQ of the same type**. Besides higher beam transmission, the principal intention of this upgrade was to raise the duty factor up to 100%, since the HLI is foreseen as injector for the upcoming cw linac dedicated to the SHE program**. Commissioning and operational experience from the first years revealed that this goal could not be reached easily. In this paper we present the RFQ design, commissioning results, operational experience and future activities.
* N. Angert et al., EPAC92, Berlin, Germany (1992), p. 167 ** L. Dahl et al., LINAC10, Tsukuba, Japan (2010), MOP042, and references therein |
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Slides THPLB07 [0.986 MB] | |||
THPB002 | Preliminary Study of Proton Beam Transport in a 10 MeV Dielectric Wall Accelerator | proton, focusing, accelerating-gradient, injection | 840 |
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Funding: Nuclear Energy Technology Development project; National Natural Science Foundation of China (11035004) A novel proton accelerator based on Dielectric Wall Accelerator (DWA) technology is being developed at Institute of Fluid Physics (IFP). The accelerating gradient will be 20 MV/m or even higher based on current high gradient insulator (HIG) performance. Theoretical study and numerical simulation of accelerating the proton beam to 10 MeV by virtual traveling wave method is presented in this paper. The beam dynamics under accelerating pulse with or without flattop is discussed. |
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THPB003 | R&D Activities on High Intensity Superconducting Proton Linac at RRCAT | cavity, SRF, niobium, linac | 843 |
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Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology (RRCAT), Indore has taken up a program on development of 1 GeV high intensity superconducting proton linac for Spallation Neutron Source. This will require several multi-cell superconducting cavities operating at different RF frequencies. To start with, a number of single-cell prototype cavities at 1.3 GHz have been developed in high RRR bulk niobium. These single-cell cavities have exhibited high quality factor and accelerating gradients. Superconducting properties of niobium are being studied for varying composition of impurities and different processing conditions. Development activity on solid state RF amplifiers to power the SCRF cavities at various RF frequencies is being pursued. A building has been constructed to house the SCRF cavity fabrication and processing facility. To characterize SCRF cavity, a 2 K Vertical Test Stand is being set up including a 2 K cryostat, RF power supply and data acquisition system. Design activities for cryomodule and large 2 K cryostat for Horizontal Test Stand are also under progress. The paper will discuss the status of above R&D activities and infrastructure development at RRCAT. | |||
THPB004 | Current Status of the RAL Front End Test Stand (FETS) Project | rfq, ion-source, simulation, diagnostics | 846 |
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The UK proton accelerator strategy aims to develop a viable high power proton driver with applications including spallation neutrons, the neutrino factory and ADSR. An essential first ingredient, identified as one of the main UK R&D accelerator projects, is the Front End Test Stand (FETS) at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), aimed at producing a high quality, high current, cleanly chopped H− beam. Through its component parts, FETS has triggered development of a high brightness, 60 mA H− ion source, a three-solenoid Low Energy Beam Transport line (LEBT), a 3 MeV four-vane Radio-Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) and a Medium Energy Beam Transport line (MEBT) with a high speed chopper. The project is well advanced and when operational should be sufficiently versatile to explore a range of operating conditions. In this paper we present the current status of the construction, and plans for operation, experiments and future development. | |||
THPB028 | The ESS Low Energy Beam Transport Line Design | rfq, solenoid, linac, emittance | 912 |
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The linear accelerator of the European Spallation Source (ESS) will deliver proton beams of 50 mA and 2.5 GeV onto the 5 MW neutron production target. The Proton Source for ESS (PS-ESS) [1] is based on the experience of TRIPS and VIS developed at LNS Catania [2,3]. A two solenoid Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) is foreseen to match the beam into the first acceleration stage, the Radio-Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) [4]. Beam production means also detailed characterization of produced beam, with this scope the LEBT houses many instrumentation devices and use different techniques that will be described in this work. The LEBT will be also equipped with an electrostatic chopper in order to remove the unwanted part of the beam pulse during the natural rise and fall times of the ion source. Beam dynamics calculations of the LEBT have been carried out considering also the Space Charge Compensation (SCC) produced by the interaction of the beam with the residual gas, and its effect on beam transport and chopping. Particular emphasis has been put on the evaluation of the beam transient behavior, due to the chopping process, at the entrance of the RFQ, results of the study are presented in this paper. | |||
THPB035 | Experience with a 4-Rod CW Radio Frequency Quadrupole | rfq, damping, linac, resonance | 930 |
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Since 1991 the High Charge State Injector (HLI) provides heavy ion beams for the linear accelerator UNILAC at GSI*. It is equipped with an ECR ion source and an RFQ-IH linac which accelerates highly charged ion beams with high duty factor of up to 30% to 1.4 MeV/u for further acceleration in the Alvarez DTL of the UNILAC. Main user of these beams is the Super Heavy Element (SHE) research, one of the outstanding projects at GSI**. Experiments like TASCA and SHIP strongly benefit from the high average beam intensities. After two decades of successful operation the four-rod Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator was replaced in 2010 by a newly designed RFQ of the same type**. Besides higher beam transmission, the principal intention of this upgrade was to raise the duty factor up to 100%, since the HLI is foreseen as injector for the upcoming cw linac dedicated to the SHE program**. Commissioning and operational experience from the first years revealed that this goal could not be reached easily. In this paper we present the RFQ design, commissioning results, operational experience and future activities.
* N. Angert et al., EPAC92, Berlin, Germany (1992), p. 167 ** L. Dahl et al., LINAC10, Tsukuba, Japan (2010), MOP042, and references therein |
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THPB036 | The New Option for a Front End of Ion Linac | rfq, DTL, proton, linac | 933 |
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The standard ion linac front-end consisting of RFQ, two tanks of accelerating IH-structures, MEBTs with matching and focusing elements is modified to achieve better performances. Special vane section that provides the same beam transformation as debuncher and quadrupole triplet is added within the RFQ tank, whereas superconducting focusing elements, solenoids, for example, are used between the IH - structure tanks. Test frond end was designed to provide the output beam energy up to 4 MeV/u for the particles with charge-to-mass ratio of 0.16 < q/m ≤ 1. Results of beam dynamics simulation are presented. Possible application of the considered scheme for the NICA facility at JINR (Dubna, Russia) is discussed. | |||
THPB037 | Iron Beam Acceleration with DPIS | rfq, plasma, injection, laser | 936 |
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Funding: The work supported by US. DOE and RIKEN Japan. It has been proved that direct plasma Injection Scheme (DPIS) is an efficient way to accelerate high current highly charged state heavy ion beam. More than 50 mA (peak current) of various heavy ion beams can be easily accelerated. However, it was rather difficult to obtain longer pulse especially for highly charged particles. To induce highly charged states ions, a high plasma temperature is required at the laser irradiation point and the high temperature automatically gives a very fast expansion velocity of the plasma. This shortens the ion beam pulse length. To compensate the shorter ion pulse length, we can extend the plasma drift length, but it will dilute the brightness of the plasma since the plasma expands three dimensionally. To avoid the reduction of the brightness, a simple long solenoid was applied to confine the diverging angle of the plasma expansion. In the conference, this new technique will be explained and the latest results of iron beam acceleration will be shown. |
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THPB043 | The RFQ injector for the Radioactive Ion Beam of SPES Project | rfq, linac, emittance, injection | 951 |
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A Continous Wave Radio Frequency Quadrupole Accelerator has been designed for the Radioactive Ion Beam of SPES Project to be used as an Injector of the ALPI Linac. The RFQ frequency is 80 MHz for an input energy of 40 keV, with output energy of 5 MeV and ion ratio q/A<= 1/7. Particular care has been put in the design phase to include an internal bunching section able to reduce the longitudinal output emittance. The details of the RF study of such a cavity are included as well. | |||
THPB044 | Plans for an Integrated Front-End Test Stand at the Spallation Neutron Source | rfq, klystron, ion-source, controls | 954 |
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Funding: Work performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U.S. Department of Energy. A spare Radio-Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) is presently being fabricated by industry with delivery to Oak Ridge National Laboratory planned in late 2012. The establishment of a test stand at the Spallation Neutron Source site is underway so that complete acceptance testing can be performed during the winter of 2012-2013. This activity is the first step in the establishment of an integrated front-end test stand that will include an ion source, low-energy beam transport (LEBT), RFQ, medium-energy beam transport, diagnostics, and a beam dump. The test stand will be capable of delivering an H− ion beam of up to 50 mA with a pulse length of 1 ms and a repetition rate of 60 Hz or a proton beam of up to 50 mA, 100 μs, 1 Hz. The test stand will enable the following activities: complete ion source characterization; development of a magnetic LEBT chopper; development of a two-source layout; development of beam diagnostics; and study of beam dynamics of high intensity beam. |
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THPB046 | RF Setup of the MedAustron RFQ | rfq, resonance, simulation, pick-up | 957 |
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A Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) was built for the injector of the cancer treatment facility MedAuston in Austria. For the RF design simulations were performed using CST Microwave Studio and the structure was manufactured by Firma Kress in Biebergemuend, Germany. The simulations and the RF setup of the delivered RFQ are presented in this paper. | |||
THPB050 | RFQ With Improved Energy Gain | rfq, simulation, acceleration, emittance | 966 |
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RFQ structure is practically only one choice for using in front ends of ion linacs for acceleration up to energy about 3 MeV. This limit is due to its relatively low acceleration efficiency. However it isn’t intrinsic feature of RFQ principle. It is defined only by vane geometry of conventional RFQ structure with sinusoidal modulation of vanes. The paper presents results of analysis RFQ with modified vane geometries that allow to improve acceleration efficiency. RFQ with modified vanes was used for design second section of heavy ion injector of TWAC for acceleration of ions with Z/A = 0.33 up to 7 MeV/u. | |||
THPB063 | Simulated Performance of the CARIBU EBIS Charge Breeder Transport Line | simulation, emittance, diagnostics, electron | 984 |
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Funding: This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under contract number DE-AC02-06CH11357. An Electron Beam Ion Source (EBIS) has been designed and is being built to charge breed ions from the CAlifornium Rare Isotope Breeder Upgrade (CARIBU) for post acceleration in the Argonne Tandem Linear Accelerator System (ATLAS). The calculated transverse acceptance of the EBIS charge breeder can approach the emittance of the injected ion beam, so beam distortion during transport could lead to incomplete injection and a decrease in the overall system efficiency. The beam quality can be maintained for simulations of the transport line using the ideal ion beam parameters. This paper reports the results of the electrostatic and ion beam transport simulations used to minimize the ion beam distortions by optimizing component designs and configurations. |
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THPB076 | Design Issues of the Proton Source for the ESS Facility | plasma, proton, emittance, extraction | 1008 |
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The European Spallation Source facility will be one of the fundamental instruments for science and engineering of the future. A 2.5 GeV proton accelerator is to be built for the neutron production. INFN-LNS is involved in the Design Update for the proton source and Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) line. The proton source is required to produce a low emittance 90 mA beam, 2.86 ms pulsed with a repetition rate of 14 Hz. Microwave Discharge Ion Sources (MDIS) enable us to produce such high intensity proton beams characterized by very low emittance (< 0.2 π.mm.mrad). The source design is based on a flexible magnetic system which can be adapted to electrostatic Bernstein waves heating mechanism; this will permit a strong increase in the electron density with an expected boost of the output current. The main features of the source design, including the microwave injection system and beam extraction, will be described hereinafter. | |||
THPB084 | A Low-Level RF Control System for a Quarter-Wave Resonator | controls, LLRF, cavity, resonance | 1020 |
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A low-level rf control system was designed and built for an rf deflector, which is a quarter wave resonator and was designed to deflect a secondary electron beam to measure the bunch length of an ion beam. The deflector has a resonance frequency at near 88 MHz, and its required phase stability is approximately ±1° and amplitude stability less than ±1%. The control system consists of analog input and output components, and a digital system based on an FPGA for signal processing. It is a cost effective system, while meeting the stability requirements. Some basic properties of the control system were measured. Then the capability of the rf control has been tested using a mechanical vibrator made of a dielectric rod attached to an audio speaker system, which can induce regulated perturbation in the electric fields of the resonator. The control system is flexible such that its parameters can be easily configured to compensate for disturbance induced in the resonator. | |||
THPB094 | Performance of Beam Chopper at SARAF via RF Deflector Before the RFQ | rfq, simulation, proton, ion-source | 1038 |
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We describe performance of a beam chopper at the SARAF accelerator consisting of an HV deflector preceding the RFQ. The deflector and electronics, developed at LNS Catania, was designed to provide slow beam chopping for beam testing and diagnostics where low beam power is necessary. The HV deflector sweeps away the low energy beam onto a water cooled beam catcher, while a fast HV switch momentarily switches off the HV whenever a transmitted beam to the RFQ is desired. We report on measurements with this chopping system, where minimum transmitted beam pulse of 180 ns duration is attained with a rise and fall time of several nano-seconds. We performed beam dynamics simulations of SARAF Phase-I, including the deflector, where the short rise and fall times of the chopped beam is attributed to the tight collimation of the deflected beam provided by the RFQ and the fast Faraday Cup. We also describe beam dynamics simulations which suggest that single RFQ bunch selection can be achieved with the existing chopping system, during zero-crossover for positive-negative deflecting HV waveform. | |||
THPB097 | FRIB Front End Design Status | rfq, linac, ECR, ion-source | 1047 |
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Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661 The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) will provide a wide range of primary ion beams for nuclear physics research with rare isotope beams. The FRIB SRF linac will be capable of accelerating medium and heavy ion beams to energies beyond 200 MeV/u with a power of 400 kW on the fragmentation target. This paper presents the status of the FRIB Front End designed to produce uranium and other medium and heavy mass ion beams at world-record intensities. The paper describes the FRIB high performance superconducting ECR ion source, the beam transport designed to transport two-charge state ion beams and prepare them for the injection in to the SRF linac, and the design of a 4-vane 80.5 MHz RFQ. The paper also describes the integration of the front end with other accelerator and experimental systems. |
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FR1A01 | Heavy Ion Strippers | plasma, heavy-ion, electron, cyclotron | 1050 |
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Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661 Stripping of high current heavy ion beams is a key technology for future accelerator as FAIR (Germany) and FRIB (USA) and current ones as RIBF (RIKEN, Japan). A small change in the peak charge state produced at the stripper could require a significant expense in additional accelerating stages to obtain the required final energy. The main challenges are the thermal effects due to the high power deposition (~ 50 kW/mm3) and the radiation damage due to the high energy deposition. The effects of heavy ion beams are quite different from proton beams because of the much shorter range in matter. We will present an overview talk considering charge stripping devices like carbon foils and gas cells used worldwide as well as the current research efforts on plasma stripping, liquid metal strippers, etc. The advantages and disadvantages of the different options will be presented. |
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Slides FR1A01 [4.174 MB] | |||
FR1A02 | Light Ion ECR Sources State of the Art for Linacs | plasma, ion-source, emittance, extraction | 1055 |
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Since the middle of the 90’s development of high intensity light ion injectors are undertaken at CEA-Saclay. The first 100 mA proton beam has been produced by the SILHI ECR source in the framework of the IPHI project. Ever since, more than 100 mA of protons or deuteron beams, with high purities, have been regularly produced in pulsed or continuous mode, and with very good beam characteristics analyzed in dedicated beam diagnostics. CEA-Saclay is currently involved in several high intensity LINAC projects such as Spiral2, IFMIF-EVEDA and FAIR, and is in charge of their source and LEBT design and construction. This article reports the latest developments and experimental results carried out at CEA-Saclay for the 3 projects. In addition, a review of the developments and beam results performed in other laboratories worldwide will be also presented. | |||
Slides FR1A02 [4.743 MB] | |||
FR2A01 | Recovery of the J-PARC Linac from the Earthquake | linac, DTL, vacuum, rfq | 1069 |
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Following the amazingly quick recovery from the disastrous earthquake in March 2011, and in the interests of promoting robust designs of linacs, it would be interesting to learn what the J-PARC team reckons are the key features of accelerator design and construction that lead to strong and reliable hardware. | |||
Slides FR2A01 [3.928 MB] | |||