LINAC2012 - List of Keywords (proton)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
SUPB013	The Beam Commissioning Plan of Injector II in C-ADS	rfq, cavity, simulation, diagnostics	32
	Z.J. Wang, Y. He, H. Jia, C. Li, S.H. Liu, W. Wu, X.B. Xu, B. Zhang, H.W. Zhao IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	The design work of the Injector II, which is 10 MeV proton linac, in C-ADS project is being finished and some key elements are being fabricated. Now it is necessary to definite the operation mode of beam commissioning, including the selection of the beam current, pulse length and repetition frequency. Also the beam commissions plan should be specified. The beam commissions procedures is simulated with t-mode code GPT. In this paper, the general beam commissioning plan of Injector II in CIADS and simulation results of commissions procedures are presented.

SUPB018	Studies of Parasitic Cavity Modes for Proposed ESS Linac Lattices	linac, cavity, simulation, lattice	47
	R. Ainsworth Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom S. Molloy ESS, Lund, Sweden
	The European Spallation Source (ESS) planned for construction in Lund, Sweden, will be the worlds most intense source of pulsed neutrons. The neutrons will be generated by the collision of a 2.5 GeV proton beam with a heavy-metal target. The superconducting section of the proton linac is split into three different types of cavities, and a question for the lattice designers is at which points in the beamline these splits should occur. This note studies various proposed designs for the ESS lattice from the point of view of the effect on the beam dynamics of the parasitic cavity modes lying close in frequency to the fundamental accelerating mode. Each linac design is characterised by the initial kinetic energy of the beam, as well as by the velocity of the beam at each of the points at which the cavity style changes. The scale of the phase-space disruption of the proton pulse is discussed, and some general conclusions for lattice designers are stated.

SUPB037	The Development of Timing Control System for RFQ	controls, rfq, EPICS, background	89
	J.N. Bai, S. Xiao, T.G. Xu, L. Zeng IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	A Timing control system based on VME configuration is developed to meet the need of 3.5 MeV RFQ. An EPICS driver is provided to control its work. The timing control system satisfies request after examination. In the future, it will be used in the machine running. This paper introduces the Timing control hardware, VME interface, EPICS driver for Timing control system and MEDM operator interface.

MO1A01	Operational Experience and Future Goals of the SARAF Linac at SOREQ	target, linac, neutron, cavity	100
	D. Berkovits, A. Arenshtam, Y. Ben Aliz, Y. Buzaglo, O. Dudovich, Y. Eisen, I. Eliyahu, G. Feinberg, I. Fishman, I. Gavish, I.G. Gertz, A. Grin, S. Halfon, D. Har-Even, Y.F. Haruvy, T. Hirsch, D. Hirschmann, Z. Horvitz, B. Kaizer, D. Kijel, A. Kreisel, G. Lempert, J. Luner, I. Mardor, A. Perry, E. Reinfeld, J. Rodnizki, G. Shimel, A. Shor, I. Silverman, L. Weissman, E. Zemach Soreq NRC, Yavne, Israel
	SARAF-phase 1 at SOREQ, with its single 6 half-wave resonators cryomodule, is the first high current, superconducting low-beta linac in operation and it is presently delivering cw proton beams in the mA range. A phase 2 is foreseen for this linac which will allow acceleration up to 40 MeV of 2 mA cw proton and deuteron beams. The project status, the operational experience and the future goals of SARAF should be described.
	Slides MO1A01 [3.276 MB]

MO2A02	Increased Understanding of Beam Losses from the SNS Linac Proton Experiment	linac, focusing, optics, quadrupole	115
	J. Galambos, A.V. Aleksandrov, M.A. Plum, A.P. Shishlo ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA E. Laface ESS, Lund, Sweden V.A. Lebedev Fermilab, Batavia, USA
	The SNS Linac has been in operation for 6 years, with its power being gradually increased. A major operation goal is the decrease of beam loss. It has been recently suggested that intra- H–beam stripping contributes significantly to beam losses in an H⁻ linac. This was tested experimentally at SNS by accelerating a proton beam. Experimental analysis results are in good agreement with the theoretical estimates. In this paper we present the operational status and experience at the SNS linac, with emphasis on understanding beam loss in terms of intra-H–beam stripping.
	Slides MO2A02 [12.869 MB]

MO3A01	Development of H-mode Linacs for the FAIR Project	linac, DTL, ion, cavity	120
	G. Clemente, W.A. Barth, L. Groening, S. Mickat, B. Schlitt, W. Vinzenz GSI, Darmstadt, Germany R. M. Brodhage, M. Busch, F.D. Dziuba, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	H-mode cavities offer outstanding shunt impedances at low beam energies and enable the acceleration of intense ion beams. Crossed-bar H-cavities extend these properties to energies even beyond 100 MeV. Thus, the designs of the new injector linacs for FAIR, i.e. a 70 MeV, 70 mA proton driver for pbar-production and a cw intermediate mass, superconducting ion linac are based on these novel cavities. Several prototypes (normal & super-conducting) have been built and successfully tested. Moreover, designs for a replacement of the 80 MV Alvarez section of the GSI - Unilac will be discussed to improve the capabilities as the future FAIR heavy ion injector.
	Slides MO3A01 [2.741 MB]

MO3A03	FRANZ – Accelerator Test Bench and Neutron Source	neutron, rfq, ion, space-charge	130
	O. Meusel, L.P. Chau, M. Heilmann, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger, K. Volk, C. Wiesner IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	The challenge of existing and planned neutron sources is to provide highly brilliant ion beams with high reliability. The Frankfurt neutron source FRANZ is not only a neutron source but also a test bench for novel accelerator and diagnostic concepts for intense ion beams. The experiment consists of a compact linear accelerator test bench for the acceleration of an intense proton beam to 2 MeV producing the neutrons via the ⁷Li(p,n) reaction. The final beam intensity will be 200 mA, therefore the space charge and space charge compensation effects can be studied with high statistical relevance along the accelerator. The low energy beam transport LEBT is equipped with four solenoids matching the beam into the chopper system and into the RFQ-IH combination already under construction. The coupling of the RFQ accelerator stage and the IH drift tube cavity offers the possibility to use only one power amplifier as a driver for both of these resonators and reduces investment costs. The compact design of this low-β accelerator stage is optimized for high beam intensities to overcome the strong space charge forces expected in this accelerator test bench.

MOPB081	Travelling Wave Accelerating Structures with a Large Phase Advance	acceleration, electron, linac, impedance	363
	V.V. Paramonov RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia
	The electrons acceleration is considered in higher pass bands of TM01 wave for disk loaded waveguide, resulting in the possibility of traveling wave accelerating structures with an operating field phase advance between 180 – 1260 degrees per cell. With an appropriate shape optimization and some additional elements in cells proposed traveling wave structures have small transverse dimensions and high RF efficiency of standing wave operation. Examples of proposed structures together with RF and dispersion properties are presented.

TU1A03	Chinese ADS Project and Proton Accelerator Development	rfq, linac, target, neutron	412
	Y.L. Chi, S. Fu, W.M. Pan, P. Sha IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China Q.Z. Xing TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Interest in the feasibility of ADS has increased dramatically in the last decade. This talk will briefly introduce the technologies presently available for ADS applications and provide a review of the ongoing R&D and construction activities in China, with particular emphasis on the challenges presented by the development of a high intensity, SRF CW proton Linac.
	Slides TU1A03 [3.803 MB]

TU1A05	Status and Commissioning Plan of the PEFP 100-MeV Linear Accelerator	linac, DTL, klystron, site	422
	H.-J. Kwon, Y.-S. Cho, J.-H. Jang, D.I. Kim, H.S. Kim, B.-S. Park, J.Y. Ryu, K.T. Seol, Y.-G. Song, S.P. Yun KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea
	Funding: Works supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of Korean Government. One of the goals of the Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP) is to develop a 100 MeV proton linear accelerator, which consists of 50 keV proton injector, 3 MeV radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ), 20 MeV/100 MeV drift tube linac (DTL) and 20 MeV/100 MeV beam lines. The 100 MeV linear accelerator and beam line components have been installed in the tunnel and experimental hall. After the completion of the utility commissioning, the commissioning of the accelerator starts with a goal of the beam delivery to the 100 MeV target room located at the end of the beam line in 2012. In this paper, the status and commissioning plan of the PEFP 100 MeV linear accelerator are presented.
	Slides TU1A05 [6.795 MB]

TUPB052	Studies of Parasitic Cavity Modes for Proposed ESS Linac Lattices	linac, cavity, simulation, lattice	591
	R. Ainsworth Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom S. Molloy ESS, Lund, Sweden
	The European Spallation Source (ESS) planned for construction in Lund, Sweden, will be the worlds most intense source of pulsed neutrons. The neutrons will be generated by the collision of a 2.5 GeV proton beam with a heavy-metal target. The superconducting section of the proton linac is split into three different types of cavities, and a question for the lattice designers is at which points in the beamline these splits should occur. This note studies various proposed designs for the ESS lattice from the point of view of the effect on the beam dynamics of the parasitic cavity modes lying close in frequency to the fundamental accelerating mode. Each linac design is characterised by the initial kinetic energy of the beam, as well as by the velocity of the beam at each of the points at which the cavity style changes. The scale of the phase-space disruption of the proton pulse is discussed, and some general conclusions for lattice designers are stated.

TUPB055	R&D of IMP Superconducting HWR for China ADS	cavity, simulation, niobium, linac	600
	W.M. Yue, X.L. Guo, S. He, Y. He, R.X. Wang, P.R. Xiong, M.X. Xu, B. Zhang, C. Zhang, S.H. Zhang, S.X. Zhang, H.W. Zhao IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	The R&D program of IMP superconducting HWR is based on the China ADS, The aim is to build and test a HWR prototype on December 2012. We have designed a 162.5 MHz β=0.09 half-wave resonator (HWR), and a copper HWR has been fabricated in January 2012. The fabrication of a Nb HWR will be completed by September 2012, and the fabrication of a slow tuner and a high power coupler for this HWR will be completed then. In this poster, we present the HWR electromagnetic design, mechanical design, fabrication arts, copper HWR RF test result, the design of the slow tuner and the power coupler.

TUPB070	Development of Proton Therapy at the SC Linac with BEAMDULAC-SCL Code	linac, focusing, solenoid, acceleration	633
	A.V. Samoshin, S.M. Polozov MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
	Proton cancer therapy complexes are conventionally developing based on synchrotrons and cyclotrons. High electrical power consumption and especial devices necessary to energy variation (as slow extraction systems and degraders) are the main problems of such complexes. At once SC linacs based on short independently phased quarter and half wave cavities have a serious progress at present. Linear accelerator consumes less power comparably with cyclic and the energy variation can be easily realized by means of RF field amplitude and phase variation in a number of cavities. The accelerator’s modular configuration which is now widely used in FRIBs * or SNSs can be applied for therapy linac also (see for example *). It is possible to choose the SC linac parameters and proton and ion beams stability study with help of the BEAMDULAC-SCL code. This software also allows providing of the structure optimization and the beam dynamics control. P.N. Ostroumov and et al., Proc. of PAC2001, p.4080. ** C.Ronsivalle et al. Proc. of IPAC 2011, p. 3580.

TUPB075	Beam Dynamics Design of China ADS Proton Linac	linac, cavity, emittance, rfq	648
	Z. Li, P. Cheng, H. Geng, Z. Guo, C. Meng, B. Sun, J.Y. Tang, F. Yan IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Funding: Supported by China ADS Program(XDA03020000), National Natural Science Fundation of China (10875099) and IHEP Special Fundings(Y0515550U1) It is widely accepted that the Accelerator Driven System (ADS) is one of the most promising technical approach to solve the problem of the nuclear wastes, a potential threaten to the sustainable development of the nuclear fission energy. An ADS study program is approved by Chinese Academy of Sciences at 2011, which aims to design and built an ADS demonstration facility with the capability of more than 1000 MW thermal power within the following 25 years. The 15 MW driver accelerator will be designed and constructed by the Institute of High Energy Physics(IHEP) and Institute of Modern Physics(IMP) of China Academy of Sciences. This linac is characterized by the 1.5 GeV energy, 10mA current and CW operation. It is composed by two parallel 10 MeV injectors and a main linac integrated with fault tolerance design. The superconducting acceleration structures are employed except the RFQ. In this paper the general considerations and the beam dynamics design of the driver accelerator will be presented.

TUPB077	Thorium Energy	neutron, target, cyclotron, linac	651
	S. Peggs BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA R. Cywinski, R. Seviour University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom S. Peggs ESS, Lund, Sweden
	The potential for using thorium as an alternative or supplement for uranium in fission power generation has long been recognised, with growing concerns over nuclear waste, safety and proliferation. Thorium may be used in solid fuel form, or in molten salt systems. In some approaches the fuel can incorporate components from spent nuclear fuel (minor actinides, plutonium) to also serve a transmutation function. We consider the benefits and drawbacks of using an accelerator driven subcritical system, for both solid fuel and molten salt cases, in particular addressing the power and reliability requirements of the accelerator. We outline the research that will be necessary to lead to an informed choice.

TUPB082	Beam Loss Track Measurements by a Fast Trigger Scheme in J-PARC Linac	linac, background, simulation, neutron	663
	H. Sako, T. Maruta, A. Miura JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
	Funding: Work partially supported by Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research In J-PARC Linac, highest beam loss has been observed at the ACS (Annular-Coupled Structure linac) section. The primary source of the beam loss is considered to be H⁰ produced by an interaction of H⁻ beams with remnant gas. The H⁰ hits the beam duct, converted to H⁺, and escapes from the beam duct. To detect the H⁺'s and estimate the absolute magnitude of the beam loss, we constructed a detector system, which consists of 6 planes of hodoscopes made of 16 scintillation fibers with 64 x 64 mm² area. The scintillation light is measured by multi-anode photomultipliers. In the ACS section, two planes to measure horizontal positions are installed, and at about 1 m downstream positions, two planes for horizontal measurements and two for vertical measurements are placed. We will reconstruct charged particles passing through all the 6 planes, and measure the velocity by time-of-flight and energy loss to identify particle species. We present new measurements since the recovery of the J-PARC after the earthquake started in April 2012 by a new fast trigger scheme using dynode signals of photomultipliers in order to improve signal-to-noise ratios.

TH2A01	The ESS Linac Design	linac, klystron, cryomodule, cavity	768
	M. Lindroos, H. Danared, C. Darve, D.P. McGinnis, S. Molloy ESS, Lund, Sweden
	The European Spallation Source (ESS) is a 5 MW, 2.5 MeV long pulse proton machine. It represents a big jump in power compare to the existing spallation facilities. The design phase is well under way, with the delivery of a Conceptual Design Report expected in 2012, and a Technical Design Report in 2013. Why and how the 5 MW goal influences the parameter choice will be describe.
	Slides TH2A01 [5.667 MB]

TH3A03	ERL-Based Lepton-Hadron Colliders: eRHIC and LHeC	electron, linac, hadron, ion	797
	F. Zimmermann CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	This talk will review hadron-ERL collider projects. The LHeC is a plan to collide the LHC beam with electrons or positrons. One scheme for this facility is based on a superconducting recirculating linac with energy recovery. The electron hadron collider eRHIC will collide polarized and unpolarized electrons with a current of 50 mA and energy in the range of 5 GeV to 30 GeV with hadron beams, including heavy ions or polarized light ions of the RHIC storage ring. The electron beam will be generated in an energy recovery linac contained inside the RHIC tunnel, comprising six passes through two linac section of about 2.5 GeV each.
	Slides TH3A03 [3.286 MB]

THPLB04	Preliminary Study of Proton Beam Transport in a 10 MeV Dielectric Wall Accelerator	focusing, accelerating-gradient, injection, ion	816
	J. Zhu, S. Chen, J. Deng, Y. Shen, J. Shi, W.D. Wang, L.S. Xia, H. Zhang, L.W. Zhang CAEP/IFP, Mainyang, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
	Funding: Nuclear Energy Technology Development project; National Natural Science Foundation of China (11035004) A novel proton accelerator based on Dielectric Wall Accelerator (DWA) technology is being developed at Institute of Fluid Physics (IFP). The accelerating gradient will be 20 MV/m or even higher based on current high gradient insulator (HIG) performance. Theoretical study and numerical simulation of accelerating the proton beam to 10 MeV by virtual traveling wave method is presented in this paper. The beam dynamics under accelerating pulse with or without flattop is discussed.
	Slides THPLB04 [1.191 MB]

THPLB06	The New Option for a Front End of Ion Linac	rfq, ion, DTL, linac	822
	A.D. Kovalenko JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia A. Kolomiets ITEP, Moscow, Russia
	The standard ion linac front-end consisting of RFQ, two tanks of accelerating IH-structures, MEBTs with matching and focusing elements is modified to achieve better performances. Special vane section that provides the same beam transformation as debuncher and quadrupole triplet is added within the RFQ tank, whereas superconducting focusing elements, solenoids, for example, are used between the IH - structure tanks. Test frond end was designed to provide the output beam energy up to 4 MeV/u for the particles with charge-to-mass ratio of 0.16 < q/m ≤ 1. Results of beam dynamics simulation are presented. Possible application of the considered scheme for the NICA facility at JINR (Dubna, Russia) is discussed.
	Slides THPLB06 [0.482 MB]

THPB002	Preliminary Study of Proton Beam Transport in a 10 MeV Dielectric Wall Accelerator	focusing, accelerating-gradient, injection, ion	840
	J. Zhu, S. Chen, J. Deng, Y. Shen, J. Shi, W.D. Wang, L.S. Xia, H. Zhang, L.W. Zhang CAEP/IFP, Mainyang, Sichuan, People's Republic of China Y. Liu Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
	Funding: Nuclear Energy Technology Development project; National Natural Science Foundation of China (11035004) A novel proton accelerator based on Dielectric Wall Accelerator (DWA) technology is being developed at Institute of Fluid Physics (IFP). The accelerating gradient will be 20 MV/m or even higher based on current high gradient insulator (HIG) performance. Theoretical study and numerical simulation of accelerating the proton beam to 10 MeV by virtual traveling wave method is presented in this paper. The beam dynamics under accelerating pulse with or without flattop is discussed.

THPB006	Post Acceleration of Laser-generated Proton Bunches by a CH-DTL	linac, laser, DTL, cavity	852
	A. Almomani, M. Droba, I. Hofmann, U. Ratzinger IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	Laser driven proton beam sources applying the TNSA process show interesting features in terms of energy and proton number per bunch. This makes them attractive as injectors into RF linacs at energies as high as 10 MeV or beyond. The combination shows attractive features like a very high particle number in a single bunch from the source and the flexibility and reliability of the rf linac to match the needs of a specified application. The approach aims on a very short matching section from the source target into the rf linac by one pulsed solenoid lens only. A crossbar H-type (CH - structure) is suggested because of its high acceleration gradient and efficiency at these beam energies. It is intended to realize the first cavity of the proposed CH - linac and to demonstrate the acceleration of a laser generated proton bunch within the LIGHT collaboration at GSI Darmstadt. Detailed beam and field simulations will be presented.

THPB007	A Pulsed Linac Front-end for ADS Applications	rfq, emittance, simulation, linac	855
	U. Ratzinger, H. Podlech, A. Schempp, K. Volk IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany U. Hagen, O. Heid, T.J.S. Hughes Siemens AG, Erlangen, Germany H. Hoeltermann BEVATECH OHG, Offenbach/Main, Germany
	Quite a number of projects worldwide develop proton driver linacs for neutron sources and other accelerator driven systems. One trend is to use a high duty factor and superconducting cavities as much as possible. Alternatively, one can aim on short duty factor and count on a continuing rapid development of pulsed rf amplifiers based on power transistor technology. A 500 mA, 5 % duty factor layout of a proton injector is presented, consisting of a filament driven volume ion source, of a 150 keV transport section and of a 4 m long 162 MHz RFQ up to 2 MeV beam energy. Beam dynamics results as well as the technical design will be shown.

THPB011	Linac4 45 keV Proton Beam Measurements	rfq, solenoid, linac, simulation	867
	G. Bellodi, V.A. Dimov, L.M. Hein, J.-B. Lallement, A.M. Lombardi, O. Midttun, R. Scrivens CERN, Geneva, Switzerland P.A. Posocco Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
	Linac4 is a 160 MeV normal-conducting H⁻ linear accelerator, which will replace the 50 MeV proton Linac (Linac2) as injector for the CERN proton complex. Commissioning of the low energy part - H⁻ source, a 45 keV Low Energy Beam Transport line (LEBT), a 3 MeV RFQ and a Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) line - will start in fall 2012 on a dedicated test stand installation. In preparation to this, preliminary measurements were taken in the past few months using a 45 keV proton source and a temporary LEBT setup, with the aim of characterising the output beam by comparison with simulations. This also allowed a first verification of the diagnostics instrumentation and acquisition software tools. Measurements of beam profile, emittance and intensity were taken after the source, after the first and after the second LEBT solenoids respectively. Particle distributions were reconstructed from emittance scans and used as input to simulation studies of the beam transport through the line. Comparison of the results with the measurements allowed an experimental validation of the LEBT (in terms of misalignments and calibration points) and qualification of the beam at the source output.

THPB016	Concept: Low Energy, Low Intensity NF from ProjectX	linac, target, accumulation, extraction	882
	M. Popovic Fermilab, Batavia, USA
	This note describes the concept of a Low Luminosity Low Energy Neutrino Factory (L3ENF) using a Project X pulsed, or CW, Linac at 8GeV. By collecting pis and mus with energy ~1 GeV, and accelerating them to 10 GeV, it is possible to store ~10²⁰ mus per year. Most of the concepts suggested here can be tested using the Booster beam, Recycler, Antiproton Target Station, the Main Injector and the Tevatron. Once the VLENF Muon Storage Ring is built, components needed for L3ENF could be used in experiments before Project X completion.

THPB017	A Concept: 8GeV CW Linac, Staged Approach	linac, booster, rfq, injection	885
	M. Popovic, J.-F. Ostiguy Fermilab, Batavia, USA
	This note describes a concept of CW Proton Linac on the Fermilab site. With exception of RFQ the linac is based on superconducting technology. Based on the output, energy is segmented in three parts, 1GeV, 3GeV and 8GeV. It is located near existing Fermilab Proton Source with the intention that each section of the linac can be used as soon as it is commissioned. The whole design is based on the designs suggested for the Proton Driver and ProjectX. The suggested site and linac segmentation allows for the construction to start immediately. Additional benefits come from the fact that the present linac (the oldest machine in Fermilab complex) is replaced and existing Proton Source’s functionality is preserved for the future.

THPB022	Beam Phase Measurement for PEFP Linear Accelerator	linac, DTL, simulation, LLRF	894
	H.S. Kim, Y.-S. Cho, J.-H. Jang, H.-J. Kwon, J.Y. Ryu, K.T. Seol, Y.-G. Song KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea
	Funding: Works supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of Korean Government. According to the commissioning plan of the PEFP proton linac, an accurate measurement of beam phase is essential, especially for setting up the RF operating parameters of DTL. Beam position monitors (BPMs) installed between DTL tanks can provide information about the beam phase as well as about the beam transverse position. By using a BPM as a beam phase monitor, beam phase can be measured without additional devices on the linac or the beam line. The signals from 4 electrodes in the BPM can be summed by using a 4-way RF combiner, by which the effect of the transverse beam offset on the phase measurement can be eliminated. The combined BPM signal (350 MHz) is mixed with LO signal (300 MHz) and down-converted to IF signal (50 MHz), then fed into the signal processing unit, where the phase information is extracted by using IQ demodulation method with a sampling frequency of 40 MHz. In this paper, the beam phase measurement system and signal processing scheme will be presented.

THPB026	The Beam Commissioning Plan of Injector II in C-ADS	rfq, cavity, simulation, diagnostics	906
	Z.J. Wang, Y. He, H. Jia, C. Li, S.H. Liu, W. Wu, X.B. Xu, B. Zhang, H.W. Zhao IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	The design work of the Injector II, which is 10 MeV proton linac, in C-ADS project is being finished and some key elements are being fabricated. Now it is necessary to definite the operation mode of beam commissioning, including the selection of the beam current, pulse length and repetition frequency. Also the beam commissions plan should be specified. The beam commissions procedures is simulated with t-mode code GPT. In this paper, the general beam commissioning plan of Injector II in CIADS and simulation results of commissions procedures are presented.

THPB027	Progress of one of 10 MeV superconducting proton linear Injectors for C-ADS	rfq, linac, cavity, niobium	909
	Y. He, J. Meng, A. Shi, Z.J. Wang, J.X. Wu, W. Wu, H.S. Xu, Z. Xu, B. Zhang, J.H. Zhang, S.H. Zhang, Z.M. Zhang, H.W. Zhao, Z.Z. Zhou IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China D. Li LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	A 10 MeV superconducting proton linac is being design and constructing at Institute of Modern Physics (IMP) of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). This proton linac is one of two injectors for Chinese ADS project. It is to validate one of concepts for C-ADS front end, to demonstrate the low beta acceleration, to minimize the risk of key technoledges within the Reference Design. It consists of a 2.1 MeV RFQ and two cryomodules hosting 8 HWR cavities. The basic frequecy is 162.5 MHz. The physical design of linac and the progess of prototypes for solid state amplifiers, superconducting solenoids, supercondecting HWRs, ion source, and RFQ are presented in the paper.

THPB029	The ESS RFQ Beam Dynamics Design	rfq, linac, emittance, DTL	915
	A. Ponton ESS, Lund, Sweden
	to be added

THPB030	DTL Design for ESS	DTL, linac, simulation, drift-tube-linac	918
	M. Comunian, F. Grespan, A. Pisent INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy R. De Prisco Lund University, Lund, Sweden M. Eshraqi ESS, Lund, Sweden P. Mereu INFN-Torino, Torino, Italy
	In the present design of the European Spallation Source (ESS) accelerator, the Drift Tube Linac (DTL) will accelerate a proton beam of 50 mA pulse peak current from 3 to 80 MeV. It is designed to operate at 352.2 MHz, with a duty cycle of 4% (3 ms pulse length, 14 Hz repetition period). Permanent magnet quadrupoles (PMQs) are used as focusing elements in a FODO lattice scheme, which leaves space for steerers and diagnostics . In this paper beam dynamics studies and preliminary RF design are shown, including constraints in terms of quadrupole dimensions, total length, field stability, RF power, peak electric field.

THPB034	Status of the FAIR 70 MeV Proton Linac	linac, rfq, cavity, DTL	927
	L. Groening, W.A. Barth, R. Berezov, G. Clemente, P. Forck, R. Hollinger, A. Krämer, C. Mühle, J. Pfister, G. Schreiber, J. Trüller, W. Vinzenz, C. Will GSI, Darmstadt, Germany N. Chauvin, O. Delferrière, O. Tuske CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France B. Koubek, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger, A. Schempp, R. Tiede IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany B. Launé, J. Lesrel IPN, Orsay, France C.S. Simon CEA/DSM/IRFU, France
	To provide the primary proton beam for the FAIR anti-proton research program, a 70 MeV, 70 mA linac is currently under design & construction at GSI. The nc machine comprises an ECR source, a 3 MeV RFQ, and a DTL based on CH-cavities. Up to 36 MeV pairs of rf-coupled cavities (CCH) are used. A prototype cavity has been built and is prepared for high power rf-testing. An overview of the status as well as on the perspectives of the project is given.

THPB036	The New Option for a Front End of Ion Linac	rfq, ion, DTL, linac	933
	A.D. Kovalenko JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia A. Kolomiets ITEP, Moscow, Russia
	The standard ion linac front-end consisting of RFQ, two tanks of accelerating IH-structures, MEBTs with matching and focusing elements is modified to achieve better performances. Special vane section that provides the same beam transformation as debuncher and quadrupole triplet is added within the RFQ tank, whereas superconducting focusing elements, solenoids, for example, are used between the IH - structure tanks. Test frond end was designed to provide the output beam energy up to 4 MeV/u for the particles with charge-to-mass ratio of 0.16 < q/m ≤ 1. Results of beam dynamics simulation are presented. Possible application of the considered scheme for the NICA facility at JINR (Dubna, Russia) is discussed.

THPB039	Design of a Four-Vane RFQ for China ADS Project	rfq, cavity, emittance, neutron	942
	Z.L. Zhang, X. Du, Y. He, X. Jin, C. Li, Y. Liu, A. Shi, L.P. Sun, B. Zhang, H.W. Zhao IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China M.D. Hoff, A.R. Lambert, D. Li, J.W. Staples, S.P. Virostek LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA J. Wang Lanzhou University of Technology, People's Republic of China C. Zhang IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	A four-vane RFQ accelerator has been designed for the ADS project which has been launched in China since 2011. As one of the front ends of C-ADS LINAC, the RFQ works at a frequency of 162.5 MHz, accelerating the proton beam from 35 keV to 2.1 MeV. Due to the CW (continuous wave) operating mode, a small Kilpatric factor of 1.2 was adopted. At the same time, Pi-mode rods are employed to reduce the effect of dipole mode on quadrupole mode, and cavity tuning will be implemented by temperature adjustment of cooling water. Beam dynamics design, RF cavity design, thermal and stress analysis all will be presented in the paper.

THPB047	Test RFQ for the MAX Project	rfq, simulation, cavity, linac	960
	M. Vossberg, H. Klein, H. Podlech, A. Schempp, C. Zhang IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany A. Bechtold NTG Neue Technologien GmbH & Co KG, Gelnhausen, Germany
	As a part of the MAX project it will be demonstrated by simulations and thermal measurements, that a 4-rod-RFQ is the right choice even at cw-operation. A 4-rod Test-RFQ with a resonance frequency of 175 MHz has been designed and built for the MAX-Project. But the RFQ had to be modified to solve the cooling problem at cw-operation, the geometrical precision had to be improved as well as the rf-contacts. The developments led to a new layout and a sophisticated production procedure of the stems and the electrodes. Calculations show an improved Rp-value leading to powerlosses of ca. 25 kW/m only, which is about half of the powerlosses which could be achieved safely at cw-operation of the similar Saraf-RFQ. Thermal measurements and simulations with the single components are in progress. The temperature distribution in cw-operation will be measured and the rf-performance checked.

THPB076	Design Issues of the Proton Source for the ESS Facility	plasma, emittance, ion, extraction	1008
	L. Celona, L. Allegra, C. Caliri, G. Castro, G. Ciavola, R. Di Giugno, S. Gammino, D. Mascali, L. Neri INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
	The European Spallation Source facility will be one of the fundamental instruments for science and engineering of the future. A 2.5 GeV proton accelerator is to be built for the neutron production. INFN-LNS is involved in the Design Update for the proton source and Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) line. The proton source is required to produce a low emittance 90 mA beam, 2.86 ms pulsed with a repetition rate of 14 Hz. Microwave Discharge Ion Sources (MDIS) enable us to produce such high intensity proton beams characterized by very low emittance (< 0.2 π.mm.mrad). The source design is based on a flexible magnetic system which can be adapted to electrostatic Bernstein waves heating mechanism; this will permit a strong increase in the electron density with an expected boost of the output current. The main features of the source design, including the microwave injection system and beam extraction, will be described hereinafter.

THPB081	The Development of Timing Control System for RFQ	controls, rfq, EPICS, background	1014
	J.N. Bai, S. Xiao, T.G. Xu, L. Zeng IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Timing control system based on VME configuration is developed to meet the need of 3.5 MeV RFQ. An EPICS driver is provided to control its work. The timing control system satisfies request after examination. In the future, it will be used in the machine running. This paper introduces the Timing control hardware, VME interface, EPICS driver for Timing control system and MEDM operator interface.

THPB094	Performance of Beam Chopper at SARAF via RF Deflector Before the RFQ	rfq, simulation, ion, ion-source	1038
	A. Shor, D. Berkovits, I. Fishman, A. Grin, B. Kaizer, L. Weissman Soreq NRC, Yavne, Israel
	We describe performance of a beam chopper at the SARAF accelerator consisting of an HV deflector preceding the RFQ. The deflector and electronics, developed at LNS Catania, was designed to provide slow beam chopping for beam testing and diagnostics where low beam power is necessary. The HV deflector sweeps away the low energy beam onto a water cooled beam catcher, while a fast HV switch momentarily switches off the HV whenever a transmitted beam to the RFQ is desired. We report on measurements with this chopping system, where minimum transmitted beam pulse of 180 ns duration is attained with a rise and fall time of several nano-seconds. We performed beam dynamics simulations of SARAF Phase-I, including the deflector, where the short rise and fall times of the chopped beam is attributed to the tight collimation of the deflected beam provided by the RFQ and the fast Faraday Cup. We also describe beam dynamics simulations which suggest that single RFQ bunch selection can be achieved with the existing chopping system, during zero-crossover for positive-negative deflecting HV waveform.

FR1A05	SARAF Phase II P/D 40 MeV Linac Design Studies	rfq, linac, cryomodule, emittance	1064
	P.N. Ostroumov, Z.A. Conway, M.P. Kelly, A. Kolomiets, S.V. Kutsaev, B. Mustapha ANL, Argonne, USA J. Rodnizki Soreq NRC, Yavne, Israel
	Funding: This work was supported by the ANL WFO No. 85Y47 The Soreq NRC initiated the establishment of SARAF – Soreq Applied Research Accelerator Facility. SARAF will be a multi-user facility for basic research, e.g., nuclear astrophysics, radioactive beams, medical and biological research; neutron based non-destructive testing (using a thermal neutron camera and a neutron diffractometer) and radio-pharmaceuticals research, development and production. The SARAF continuous wave (CW) accelerator is planned to produce variable energy (5-40 MeV) proton and deuteron beam currents (0.04-5 mA). Phase I of SARAF (ion source, radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ), and one cryomodule housing 6 half-wave resonators (HWR) was installed and being operated at Soreq NRC delivering CW 1mA 3.5 MeV proton beams and low-duty cycle (0.0001) 0.3 mA 4.7 MeV deuteron beams. SARAF is designed to enable hands-on maintenance, which implies very low beam losses for the entire accelerator. The physics design of two options is explored to subsequently develop a conceptual design for selected option for extending the linac to its planned beam parameters (SARAF Phase-II: 40 MeV, 5 mA protons and deuterons).
	Slides FR1A05 [3.459 MB]

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

SUPB013

The Beam Commissioning Plan of Injector II in C-ADS

rfq, cavity, simulation, diagnostics

32

Z.J. Wang, Y. He, H. Jia, C. Li, S.H. Liu, W. Wu, X.B. Xu, B. Zhang, H.W. Zhao
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

The design work of the Injector II, which is 10 MeV proton linac, in C-ADS project is being finished and some key elements are being fabricated. Now it is necessary to definite the operation mode of beam commissioning, including the selection of the beam current, pulse length and repetition frequency. Also the beam commissions plan should be specified. The beam commissions procedures is simulated with t-mode code GPT. In this paper, the general beam commissioning plan of Injector II in CIADS and simulation results of commissions procedures are presented.

SUPB018

Studies of Parasitic Cavity Modes for Proposed ESS Linac Lattices

linac, cavity, simulation, lattice

47

R. Ainsworth
Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom
S. Molloy
ESS, Lund, Sweden

The European Spallation Source (ESS) planned for construction in Lund, Sweden, will be the worlds most intense source of pulsed neutrons. The neutrons will be generated by the collision of a 2.5 GeV proton beam with a heavy-metal target. The superconducting section of the proton linac is split into three different types of cavities, and a question for the lattice designers is at which points in the beamline these splits should occur. This note studies various proposed designs for the ESS lattice from the point of view of the effect on the beam dynamics of the parasitic cavity modes lying close in frequency to the fundamental accelerating mode. Each linac design is characterised by the initial kinetic energy of the beam, as well as by the velocity of the beam at each of the points at which the cavity style changes. The scale of the phase-space disruption of the proton pulse is discussed, and some general conclusions for lattice designers are stated.

SUPB037

The Development of Timing Control System for RFQ

controls, rfq, EPICS, background

89

J.N. Bai, S. Xiao, T.G. Xu, L. Zeng
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

A Timing control system based on VME configuration is developed to meet the need of 3.5 MeV RFQ. An EPICS driver is provided to control its work. The timing control system satisfies request after examination. In the future, it will be used in the machine running. This paper introduces the Timing control hardware, VME interface, EPICS driver for Timing control system and MEDM operator interface.

MO1A01

Operational Experience and Future Goals of the SARAF Linac at SOREQ

target, linac, neutron, cavity

100

D. Berkovits, A. Arenshtam, Y. Ben Aliz, Y. Buzaglo, O. Dudovich, Y. Eisen, I. Eliyahu, G. Feinberg, I. Fishman, I. Gavish, I.G. Gertz, A. Grin, S. Halfon, D. Har-Even, Y.F. Haruvy, T. Hirsch, D. Hirschmann, Z. Horvitz, B. Kaizer, D. Kijel, A. Kreisel, G. Lempert, J. Luner, I. Mardor, A. Perry, E. Reinfeld, J. Rodnizki, G. Shimel, A. Shor, I. Silverman, L. Weissman, E. Zemach
Soreq NRC, Yavne, Israel

SARAF-phase 1 at SOREQ, with its single 6 half-wave resonators cryomodule, is the first high current, superconducting low-beta linac in operation and it is presently delivering cw proton beams in the mA range. A phase 2 is foreseen for this linac which will allow acceleration up to 40 MeV of 2 mA cw proton and deuteron beams. The project status, the operational experience and the future goals of SARAF should be described.

Slides MO1A01 [3.276 MB]

MO2A02

Increased Understanding of Beam Losses from the SNS Linac Proton Experiment

linac, focusing, optics, quadrupole

115

J. Galambos, A.V. Aleksandrov, M.A. Plum, A.P. Shishlo
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
E. Laface
ESS, Lund, Sweden
V.A. Lebedev
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

The SNS Linac has been in operation for 6 years, with its power being gradually increased. A major operation goal is the decrease of beam loss. It has been recently suggested that intra- H–beam stripping contributes significantly to beam losses in an H⁻ linac. This was tested experimentally at SNS by accelerating a proton beam. Experimental analysis results are in good agreement with the theoretical estimates. In this paper we present the operational status and experience at the SNS linac, with emphasis on understanding beam loss in terms of intra-H–beam stripping.

Slides MO2A02 [12.869 MB]

MO3A01

Development of H-mode Linacs for the FAIR Project

linac, DTL, ion, cavity

120

G. Clemente, W.A. Barth, L. Groening, S. Mickat, B. Schlitt, W. Vinzenz
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
R. M. Brodhage, M. Busch, F.D. Dziuba, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

H-mode cavities offer outstanding shunt impedances at low beam energies and enable the acceleration of intense ion beams. Crossed-bar H-cavities extend these properties to energies even beyond 100 MeV. Thus, the designs of the new injector linacs for FAIR, i.e. a 70 MeV, 70 mA proton driver for pbar-production and a cw intermediate mass, superconducting ion linac are based on these novel cavities. Several prototypes (normal & super-conducting) have been built and successfully tested. Moreover, designs for a replacement of the 80 MV Alvarez section of the GSI - Unilac will be discussed to improve the capabilities as the future FAIR heavy ion injector.

Slides MO3A01 [2.741 MB]

MO3A03

FRANZ – Accelerator Test Bench and Neutron Source

neutron, rfq, ion, space-charge

130

O. Meusel, L.P. Chau, M. Heilmann, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger, K. Volk, C. Wiesner
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

The challenge of existing and planned neutron sources is to provide highly brilliant ion beams with high reliability. The Frankfurt neutron source FRANZ is not only a neutron source but also a test bench for novel accelerator and diagnostic concepts for intense ion beams. The experiment consists of a compact linear accelerator test bench for the acceleration of an intense proton beam to 2 MeV producing the neutrons via the ⁷Li(p,n) reaction. The final beam intensity will be 200 mA, therefore the space charge and space charge compensation effects can be studied with high statistical relevance along the accelerator. The low energy beam transport LEBT is equipped with four solenoids matching the beam into the chopper system and into the RFQ-IH combination already under construction. The coupling of the RFQ accelerator stage and the IH drift tube cavity offers the possibility to use only one power amplifier as a driver for both of these resonators and reduces investment costs. The compact design of this low-β accelerator stage is optimized for high beam intensities to overcome the strong space charge forces expected in this accelerator test bench.

MOPB081

Travelling Wave Accelerating Structures with a Large Phase Advance

acceleration, electron, linac, impedance

363

V.V. Paramonov
RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia

The electrons acceleration is considered in higher pass bands of TM01 wave for disk loaded waveguide, resulting in the possibility of traveling wave accelerating structures with an operating field phase advance between 180 – 1260 degrees per cell. With an appropriate shape optimization and some additional elements in cells proposed traveling wave structures have small transverse dimensions and high RF efficiency of standing wave operation. Examples of proposed structures together with RF and dispersion properties are presented.

TU1A03

Chinese ADS Project and Proton Accelerator Development

rfq, linac, target, neutron

412

Y.L. Chi, S. Fu, W.M. Pan, P. Sha
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
Q.Z. Xing
TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Interest in the feasibility of ADS has increased dramatically in the last decade. This talk will briefly introduce the technologies presently available for ADS applications and provide a review of the ongoing R&D and construction activities in China, with particular emphasis on the challenges presented by the development of a high intensity, SRF CW proton Linac.

Slides TU1A03 [3.803 MB]

TU1A05

Status and Commissioning Plan of the PEFP 100-MeV Linear Accelerator

linac, DTL, klystron, site

422

H.-J. Kwon, Y.-S. Cho, J.-H. Jang, D.I. Kim, H.S. Kim, B.-S. Park, J.Y. Ryu, K.T. Seol, Y.-G. Song, S.P. Yun
KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea

Funding: Works supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of Korean Government.
One of the goals of the Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP) is to develop a 100 MeV proton linear accelerator, which consists of 50 keV proton injector, 3 MeV radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ), 20 MeV/100 MeV drift tube linac (DTL) and 20 MeV/100 MeV beam lines. The 100 MeV linear accelerator and beam line components have been installed in the tunnel and experimental hall. After the completion of the utility commissioning, the commissioning of the accelerator starts with a goal of the beam delivery to the 100 MeV target room located at the end of the beam line in 2012. In this paper, the status and commissioning plan of the PEFP 100 MeV linear accelerator are presented.

Slides TU1A05 [6.795 MB]

TUPB052

Studies of Parasitic Cavity Modes for Proposed ESS Linac Lattices

linac, cavity, simulation, lattice

591

R. Ainsworth
Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom
S. Molloy
ESS, Lund, Sweden

The European Spallation Source (ESS) planned for construction in Lund, Sweden, will be the worlds most intense source of pulsed neutrons. The neutrons will be generated by the collision of a 2.5 GeV proton beam with a heavy-metal target. The superconducting section of the proton linac is split into three different types of cavities, and a question for the lattice designers is at which points in the beamline these splits should occur. This note studies various proposed designs for the ESS lattice from the point of view of the effect on the beam dynamics of the parasitic cavity modes lying close in frequency to the fundamental accelerating mode. Each linac design is characterised by the initial kinetic energy of the beam, as well as by the velocity of the beam at each of the points at which the cavity style changes. The scale of the phase-space disruption of the proton pulse is discussed, and some general conclusions for lattice designers are stated.

TUPB055

R&D of IMP Superconducting HWR for China ADS

cavity, simulation, niobium, linac

600

W.M. Yue, X.L. Guo, S. He, Y. He, R.X. Wang, P.R. Xiong, M.X. Xu, B. Zhang, C. Zhang, S.H. Zhang, S.X. Zhang, H.W. Zhao
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

The R&D program of IMP superconducting HWR is based on the China ADS, The aim is to build and test a HWR prototype on December 2012. We have designed a 162.5 MHz β=0.09 half-wave resonator (HWR), and a copper HWR has been fabricated in January 2012. The fabrication of a Nb HWR will be completed by September 2012, and the fabrication of a slow tuner and a high power coupler for this HWR will be completed then. In this poster, we present the HWR electromagnetic design, mechanical design, fabrication arts, copper HWR RF test result, the design of the slow tuner and the power coupler.

TUPB070

Development of Proton Therapy at the SC Linac with BEAMDULAC-SCL Code

linac, focusing, solenoid, acceleration

633

A.V. Samoshin, S.M. Polozov
MEPhI, Moscow, Russia

Proton cancer therapy complexes are conventionally developing based on synchrotrons and cyclotrons. High electrical power consumption and especial devices necessary to energy variation (as slow extraction systems and degraders) are the main problems of such complexes. At once SC linacs based on short independently phased quarter and half wave cavities have a serious progress at present. Linear accelerator consumes less power comparably with cyclic and the energy variation can be easily realized by means of RF field amplitude and phase variation in a number of cavities. The accelerator’s modular configuration which is now widely used in FRIBs * or SNSs can be applied for therapy linac also (see for example **). It is possible to choose the SC linac parameters and proton and ion beams stability study with help of the BEAMDULAC-SCL code. This software also allows providing of the structure optimization and the beam dynamics control.
* P.N. Ostroumov and et al., Proc. of PAC2001, p.4080.
** C.Ronsivalle et al. Proc. of IPAC 2011, p. 3580.

TUPB075

Beam Dynamics Design of China ADS Proton Linac

linac, cavity, emittance, rfq

648

Z. Li, P. Cheng, H. Geng, Z. Guo, C. Meng, B. Sun, J.Y. Tang, F. Yan
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Funding: Supported by China ADS Program(XDA03020000), National Natural Science Fundation of China (10875099) and IHEP Special Fundings(Y0515550U1)
It is widely accepted that the Accelerator Driven System (ADS) is one of the most promising technical approach to solve the problem of the nuclear wastes, a potential threaten to the sustainable development of the nuclear fission energy. An ADS study program is approved by Chinese Academy of Sciences at 2011, which aims to design and built an ADS demonstration facility with the capability of more than 1000 MW thermal power within the following 25 years. The 15 MW driver accelerator will be designed and constructed by the Institute of High Energy Physics(IHEP) and Institute of Modern Physics(IMP) of China Academy of Sciences. This linac is characterized by the 1.5 GeV energy, 10mA current and CW operation. It is composed by two parallel 10 MeV injectors and a main linac integrated with fault tolerance design. The superconducting acceleration structures are employed except the RFQ. In this paper the general considerations and the beam dynamics design of the driver accelerator will be presented.

TUPB077

Thorium Energy

neutron, target, cyclotron, linac

651

S. Peggs
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
R. Cywinski, R. Seviour
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
S. Peggs
ESS, Lund, Sweden

The potential for using thorium as an alternative or supplement for uranium in fission power generation has long been recognised, with growing concerns over nuclear waste, safety and proliferation. Thorium may be used in solid fuel form, or in molten salt systems. In some approaches the fuel can incorporate components from spent nuclear fuel (minor actinides, plutonium) to also serve a transmutation function. We consider the benefits and drawbacks of using an accelerator driven subcritical system, for both solid fuel and molten salt cases, in particular addressing the power and reliability requirements of the accelerator. We outline the research that will be necessary to lead to an informed choice.

TUPB082

Beam Loss Track Measurements by a Fast Trigger Scheme in J-PARC Linac

linac, background, simulation, neutron

663

H. Sako, T. Maruta, A. Miura
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan

Funding: Work partially supported by Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research
In J-PARC Linac, highest beam loss has been observed at the ACS (Annular-Coupled Structure linac) section. The primary source of the beam loss is considered to be H⁰ produced by an interaction of H⁻ beams with remnant gas. The H⁰ hits the beam duct, converted to H⁺, and escapes from the beam duct. To detect the H⁺'s and estimate the absolute magnitude of the beam loss, we constructed a detector system, which consists of 6 planes of hodoscopes made of 16 scintillation fibers with 64 x 64 mm² area. The scintillation light is measured by multi-anode photomultipliers. In the ACS section, two planes to measure horizontal positions are installed, and at about 1 m downstream positions, two planes for horizontal measurements and two for vertical measurements are placed. We will reconstruct charged particles passing through all the 6 planes, and measure the velocity by time-of-flight and energy loss to identify particle species. We present new measurements since the recovery of the J-PARC after the earthquake started in April 2012 by a new fast trigger scheme using dynode signals of photomultipliers in order to improve signal-to-noise ratios.

TH2A01

The ESS Linac Design

linac, klystron, cryomodule, cavity

768

M. Lindroos, H. Danared, C. Darve, D.P. McGinnis, S. Molloy
ESS, Lund, Sweden

The European Spallation Source (ESS) is a 5 MW, 2.5 MeV long pulse proton machine. It represents a big jump in power compare to the existing spallation facilities. The design phase is well under way, with the delivery of a Conceptual Design Report expected in 2012, and a Technical Design Report in 2013. Why and how the 5 MW goal influences the parameter choice will be describe.

Slides TH2A01 [5.667 MB]

TH3A03

ERL-Based Lepton-Hadron Colliders: eRHIC and LHeC

electron, linac, hadron, ion

797

F. Zimmermann
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

This talk will review hadron-ERL collider projects. The LHeC is a plan to collide the LHC beam with electrons or positrons. One scheme for this facility is based on a superconducting recirculating linac with energy recovery. The electron hadron collider eRHIC will collide polarized and unpolarized electrons with a current of 50 mA and energy in the range of 5 GeV to 30 GeV with hadron beams, including heavy ions or polarized light ions of the RHIC storage ring. The electron beam will be generated in an energy recovery linac contained inside the RHIC tunnel, comprising six passes through two linac section of about 2.5 GeV each.

Slides TH3A03 [3.286 MB]

THPLB04

Preliminary Study of Proton Beam Transport in a 10 MeV Dielectric Wall Accelerator

focusing, accelerating-gradient, injection, ion

816

J. Zhu, S. Chen, J. Deng, Y. Shen, J. Shi, W.D. Wang, L.S. Xia, H. Zhang, L.W. Zhang
CAEP/IFP, Mainyang, Sichuan, People's Republic of China

Funding: Nuclear Energy Technology Development project; National Natural Science Foundation of China (11035004)
A novel proton accelerator based on Dielectric Wall Accelerator (DWA) technology is being developed at Institute of Fluid Physics (IFP). The accelerating gradient will be 20 MV/m or even higher based on current high gradient insulator (HIG) performance. Theoretical study and numerical simulation of accelerating the proton beam to 10 MeV by virtual traveling wave method is presented in this paper. The beam dynamics under accelerating pulse with or without flattop is discussed.

Slides THPLB04 [1.191 MB]

THPLB06

The New Option for a Front End of Ion Linac

rfq, ion, DTL, linac

822

A.D. Kovalenko
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
A. Kolomiets
ITEP, Moscow, Russia

The standard ion linac front-end consisting of RFQ, two tanks of accelerating IH-structures, MEBTs with matching and focusing elements is modified to achieve better performances. Special vane section that provides the same beam transformation as debuncher and quadrupole triplet is added within the RFQ tank, whereas superconducting focusing elements, solenoids, for example, are used between the IH - structure tanks. Test frond end was designed to provide the output beam energy up to 4 MeV/u for the particles with charge-to-mass ratio of 0.16 < q/m ≤ 1. Results of beam dynamics simulation are presented. Possible application of the considered scheme for the NICA facility at JINR (Dubna, Russia) is discussed.

Slides THPLB06 [0.482 MB]

THPB002

Preliminary Study of Proton Beam Transport in a 10 MeV Dielectric Wall Accelerator

focusing, accelerating-gradient, injection, ion

840

J. Zhu, S. Chen, J. Deng, Y. Shen, J. Shi, W.D. Wang, L.S. Xia, H. Zhang, L.W. Zhang
CAEP/IFP, Mainyang, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
Y. Liu
Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan, People's Republic of China

Funding: Nuclear Energy Technology Development project; National Natural Science Foundation of China (11035004)
A novel proton accelerator based on Dielectric Wall Accelerator (DWA) technology is being developed at Institute of Fluid Physics (IFP). The accelerating gradient will be 20 MV/m or even higher based on current high gradient insulator (HIG) performance. Theoretical study and numerical simulation of accelerating the proton beam to 10 MeV by virtual traveling wave method is presented in this paper. The beam dynamics under accelerating pulse with or without flattop is discussed.

THPB006

Post Acceleration of Laser-generated Proton Bunches by a CH-DTL

linac, laser, DTL, cavity

852

A. Almomani, M. Droba, I. Hofmann, U. Ratzinger
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Laser driven proton beam sources applying the TNSA process show interesting features in terms of energy and proton number per bunch. This makes them attractive as injectors into RF linacs at energies as high as 10 MeV or beyond. The combination shows attractive features like a very high particle number in a single bunch from the source and the flexibility and reliability of the rf linac to match the needs of a specified application. The approach aims on a very short matching section from the source target into the rf linac by one pulsed solenoid lens only. A crossbar H-type (CH - structure) is suggested because of its high acceleration gradient and efficiency at these beam energies. It is intended to realize the first cavity of the proposed CH - linac and to demonstrate the acceleration of a laser generated proton bunch within the LIGHT collaboration at GSI Darmstadt. Detailed beam and field simulations will be presented.

THPB007

A Pulsed Linac Front-end for ADS Applications

rfq, emittance, simulation, linac

855

U. Ratzinger, H. Podlech, A. Schempp, K. Volk
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
U. Hagen, O. Heid, T.J.S. Hughes
Siemens AG, Erlangen, Germany
H. Hoeltermann
BEVATECH OHG, Offenbach/Main, Germany

Quite a number of projects worldwide develop proton driver linacs for neutron sources and other accelerator driven systems. One trend is to use a high duty factor and superconducting cavities as much as possible. Alternatively, one can aim on short duty factor and count on a continuing rapid development of pulsed rf amplifiers based on power transistor technology. A 500 mA, 5 % duty factor layout of a proton injector is presented, consisting of a filament driven volume ion source, of a 150 keV transport section and of a 4 m long 162 MHz RFQ up to 2 MeV beam energy. Beam dynamics results as well as the technical design will be shown.

THPB011

Linac4 45 keV Proton Beam Measurements

rfq, solenoid, linac, simulation

867

G. Bellodi, V.A. Dimov, L.M. Hein, J.-B. Lallement, A.M. Lombardi, O. Midttun, R. Scrivens
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
P.A. Posocco
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom

Linac4 is a 160 MeV normal-conducting H⁻ linear accelerator, which will replace the 50 MeV proton Linac (Linac2) as injector for the CERN proton complex. Commissioning of the low energy part - H⁻ source, a 45 keV Low Energy Beam Transport line (LEBT), a 3 MeV RFQ and a Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) line - will start in fall 2012 on a dedicated test stand installation. In preparation to this, preliminary measurements were taken in the past few months using a 45 keV proton source and a temporary LEBT setup, with the aim of characterising the output beam by comparison with simulations. This also allowed a first verification of the diagnostics instrumentation and acquisition software tools. Measurements of beam profile, emittance and intensity were taken after the source, after the first and after the second LEBT solenoids respectively. Particle distributions were reconstructed from emittance scans and used as input to simulation studies of the beam transport through the line. Comparison of the results with the measurements allowed an experimental validation of the LEBT (in terms of misalignments and calibration points) and qualification of the beam at the source output.

THPB016

Concept: Low Energy, Low Intensity NF from ProjectX

linac, target, accumulation, extraction

882

M. Popovic
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

This note describes the concept of a Low Luminosity Low Energy Neutrino Factory (L3ENF) using a Project X pulsed, or CW, Linac at 8GeV. By collecting pis and mus with energy ~1 GeV, and accelerating them to 10 GeV, it is possible to store ~10²⁰ mus per year. Most of the concepts suggested here can be tested using the Booster beam, Recycler, Antiproton Target Station, the Main Injector and the Tevatron. Once the VLENF Muon Storage Ring is built, components needed for L3ENF could be used in experiments before Project X completion.

THPB017

A Concept: 8GeV CW Linac, Staged Approach

linac, booster, rfq, injection

885

M. Popovic, J.-F. Ostiguy
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

This note describes a concept of CW Proton Linac on the Fermilab site. With exception of RFQ the linac is based on superconducting technology. Based on the output, energy is segmented in three parts, 1GeV, 3GeV and 8GeV. It is located near existing Fermilab Proton Source with the intention that each section of the linac can be used as soon as it is commissioned. The whole design is based on the designs suggested for the Proton Driver and ProjectX. The suggested site and linac segmentation allows for the construction to start immediately. Additional benefits come from the fact that the present linac (the oldest machine in Fermilab complex) is replaced and existing Proton Source’s functionality is preserved for the future.

THPB022

Beam Phase Measurement for PEFP Linear Accelerator

linac, DTL, simulation, LLRF

894

H.S. Kim, Y.-S. Cho, J.-H. Jang, H.-J. Kwon, J.Y. Ryu, K.T. Seol, Y.-G. Song
KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea

Funding: Works supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of Korean Government.
According to the commissioning plan of the PEFP proton linac, an accurate measurement of beam phase is essential, especially for setting up the RF operating parameters of DTL. Beam position monitors (BPMs) installed between DTL tanks can provide information about the beam phase as well as about the beam transverse position. By using a BPM as a beam phase monitor, beam phase can be measured without additional devices on the linac or the beam line. The signals from 4 electrodes in the BPM can be summed by using a 4-way RF combiner, by which the effect of the transverse beam offset on the phase measurement can be eliminated. The combined BPM signal (350 MHz) is mixed with LO signal (300 MHz) and down-converted to IF signal (50 MHz), then fed into the signal processing unit, where the phase information is extracted by using IQ demodulation method with a sampling frequency of 40 MHz. In this paper, the beam phase measurement system and signal processing scheme will be presented.

THPB026

The Beam Commissioning Plan of Injector II in C-ADS

rfq, cavity, simulation, diagnostics

906

Z.J. Wang, Y. He, H. Jia, C. Li, S.H. Liu, W. Wu, X.B. Xu, B. Zhang, H.W. Zhao
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

The design work of the Injector II, which is 10 MeV proton linac, in C-ADS project is being finished and some key elements are being fabricated. Now it is necessary to definite the operation mode of beam commissioning, including the selection of the beam current, pulse length and repetition frequency. Also the beam commissions plan should be specified. The beam commissions procedures is simulated with t-mode code GPT. In this paper, the general beam commissioning plan of Injector II in CIADS and simulation results of commissions procedures are presented.

THPB027

Progress of one of 10 MeV superconducting proton linear Injectors for C-ADS

rfq, linac, cavity, niobium

909

Y. He, J. Meng, A. Shi, Z.J. Wang, J.X. Wu, W. Wu, H.S. Xu, Z. Xu, B. Zhang, J.H. Zhang, S.H. Zhang, Z.M. Zhang, H.W. Zhao, Z.Z. Zhou
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
D. Li
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

A 10 MeV superconducting proton linac is being design and constructing at Institute of Modern Physics (IMP) of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). This proton linac is one of two injectors for Chinese ADS project. It is to validate one of concepts for C-ADS front end, to demonstrate the low beta acceleration, to minimize the risk of key technoledges within the Reference Design. It consists of a 2.1 MeV RFQ and two cryomodules hosting 8 HWR cavities. The basic frequecy is 162.5 MHz. The physical design of linac and the progess of prototypes for solid state amplifiers, superconducting solenoids, supercondecting HWRs, ion source, and RFQ are presented in the paper.

THPB029

The ESS RFQ Beam Dynamics Design

rfq, linac, emittance, DTL

915

A. Ponton
ESS, Lund, Sweden

to be added

THPB030

DTL Design for ESS

DTL, linac, simulation, drift-tube-linac

918

M. Comunian, F. Grespan, A. Pisent
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
R. De Prisco
Lund University, Lund, Sweden
M. Eshraqi
ESS, Lund, Sweden
P. Mereu
INFN-Torino, Torino, Italy

In the present design of the European Spallation Source (ESS) accelerator, the Drift Tube Linac (DTL) will accelerate a proton beam of 50 mA pulse peak current from 3 to 80 MeV. It is designed to operate at 352.2 MHz, with a duty cycle of 4% (3 ms pulse length, 14 Hz repetition period). Permanent magnet quadrupoles (PMQs) are used as focusing elements in a FODO lattice scheme, which leaves space for steerers and diagnostics . In this paper beam dynamics studies and preliminary RF design are shown, including constraints in terms of quadrupole dimensions, total length, field stability, RF power, peak electric field.

THPB034

Status of the FAIR 70 MeV Proton Linac

linac, rfq, cavity, DTL

927

L. Groening, W.A. Barth, R. Berezov, G. Clemente, P. Forck, R. Hollinger, A. Krämer, C. Mühle, J. Pfister, G. Schreiber, J. Trüller, W. Vinzenz, C. Will
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
N. Chauvin, O. Delferrière, O. Tuske
CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
B. Koubek, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger, A. Schempp, R. Tiede
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
B. Launé, J. Lesrel
IPN, Orsay, France
C.S. Simon
CEA/DSM/IRFU, France

To provide the primary proton beam for the FAIR anti-proton research program, a 70 MeV, 70 mA linac is currently under design & construction at GSI. The nc machine comprises an ECR source, a 3 MeV RFQ, and a DTL based on CH-cavities. Up to 36 MeV pairs of rf-coupled cavities (CCH) are used. A prototype cavity has been built and is prepared for high power rf-testing. An overview of the status as well as on the perspectives of the project is given.

THPB036

The New Option for a Front End of Ion Linac

rfq, ion, DTL, linac

933

A.D. Kovalenko
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
A. Kolomiets
ITEP, Moscow, Russia

The standard ion linac front-end consisting of RFQ, two tanks of accelerating IH-structures, MEBTs with matching and focusing elements is modified to achieve better performances. Special vane section that provides the same beam transformation as debuncher and quadrupole triplet is added within the RFQ tank, whereas superconducting focusing elements, solenoids, for example, are used between the IH - structure tanks. Test frond end was designed to provide the output beam energy up to 4 MeV/u for the particles with charge-to-mass ratio of 0.16 < q/m ≤ 1. Results of beam dynamics simulation are presented. Possible application of the considered scheme for the NICA facility at JINR (Dubna, Russia) is discussed.

THPB039

Design of a Four-Vane RFQ for China ADS Project

rfq, cavity, emittance, neutron

942

Z.L. Zhang, X. Du, Y. He, X. Jin, C. Li, Y. Liu, A. Shi, L.P. Sun, B. Zhang, H.W. Zhao
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
M.D. Hoff, A.R. Lambert, D. Li, J.W. Staples, S.P. Virostek
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
J. Wang
Lanzhou University of Technology, People's Republic of China
C. Zhang
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

A four-vane RFQ accelerator has been designed for the ADS project which has been launched in China since 2011. As one of the front ends of C-ADS LINAC, the RFQ works at a frequency of 162.5 MHz, accelerating the proton beam from 35 keV to 2.1 MeV. Due to the CW (continuous wave) operating mode, a small Kilpatric factor of 1.2 was adopted. At the same time, Pi-mode rods are employed to reduce the effect of dipole mode on quadrupole mode, and cavity tuning will be implemented by temperature adjustment of cooling water. Beam dynamics design, RF cavity design, thermal and stress analysis all will be presented in the paper.

THPB047

Test RFQ for the MAX Project

rfq, simulation, cavity, linac

960

M. Vossberg, H. Klein, H. Podlech, A. Schempp, C. Zhang
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
A. Bechtold
NTG Neue Technologien GmbH & Co KG, Gelnhausen, Germany

As a part of the MAX project it will be demonstrated by simulations and thermal measurements, that a 4-rod-RFQ is the right choice even at cw-operation. A 4-rod Test-RFQ with a resonance frequency of 175 MHz has been designed and built for the MAX-Project. But the RFQ had to be modified to solve the cooling problem at cw-operation, the geometrical precision had to be improved as well as the rf-contacts. The developments led to a new layout and a sophisticated production procedure of the stems and the electrodes. Calculations show an improved Rp-value leading to powerlosses of ca. 25 kW/m only, which is about half of the powerlosses which could be achieved safely at cw-operation of the similar Saraf-RFQ. Thermal measurements and simulations with the single components are in progress. The temperature distribution in cw-operation will be measured and the rf-performance checked.

THPB076

Design Issues of the Proton Source for the ESS Facility

plasma, emittance, ion, extraction

1008

L. Celona, L. Allegra, C. Caliri, G. Castro, G. Ciavola, R. Di Giugno, S. Gammino, D. Mascali, L. Neri
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy

The European Spallation Source facility will be one of the fundamental instruments for science and engineering of the future. A 2.5 GeV proton accelerator is to be built for the neutron production. INFN-LNS is involved in the Design Update for the proton source and Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) line. The proton source is required to produce a low emittance 90 mA beam, 2.86 ms pulsed with a repetition rate of 14 Hz. Microwave Discharge Ion Sources (MDIS) enable us to produce such high intensity proton beams characterized by very low emittance (< 0.2 π.mm.mrad). The source design is based on a flexible magnetic system which can be adapted to electrostatic Bernstein waves heating mechanism; this will permit a strong increase in the electron density with an expected boost of the output current. The main features of the source design, including the microwave injection system and beam extraction, will be described hereinafter.

THPB081

The Development of Timing Control System for RFQ

controls, rfq, EPICS, background

1014

J.N. Bai, S. Xiao, T.G. Xu, L. Zeng
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Timing control system based on VME configuration is developed to meet the need of 3.5 MeV RFQ. An EPICS driver is provided to control its work. The timing control system satisfies request after examination. In the future, it will be used in the machine running. This paper introduces the Timing control hardware, VME interface, EPICS driver for Timing control system and MEDM operator interface.

THPB094

Performance of Beam Chopper at SARAF via RF Deflector Before the RFQ

rfq, simulation, ion, ion-source

1038

A. Shor, D. Berkovits, I. Fishman, A. Grin, B. Kaizer, L. Weissman
Soreq NRC, Yavne, Israel

We describe performance of a beam chopper at the SARAF accelerator consisting of an HV deflector preceding the RFQ. The deflector and electronics, developed at LNS Catania, was designed to provide slow beam chopping for beam testing and diagnostics where low beam power is necessary. The HV deflector sweeps away the low energy beam onto a water cooled beam catcher, while a fast HV switch momentarily switches off the HV whenever a transmitted beam to the RFQ is desired. We report on measurements with this chopping system, where minimum transmitted beam pulse of 180 ns duration is attained with a rise and fall time of several nano-seconds. We performed beam dynamics simulations of SARAF Phase-I, including the deflector, where the short rise and fall times of the chopped beam is attributed to the tight collimation of the deflected beam provided by the RFQ and the fast Faraday Cup. We also describe beam dynamics simulations which suggest that single RFQ bunch selection can be achieved with the existing chopping system, during zero-crossover for positive-negative deflecting HV waveform.

FR1A05

SARAF Phase II P/D 40 MeV Linac Design Studies

rfq, linac, cryomodule, emittance

1064

P.N. Ostroumov, Z.A. Conway, M.P. Kelly, A. Kolomiets, S.V. Kutsaev, B. Mustapha
ANL, Argonne, USA
J. Rodnizki
Soreq NRC, Yavne, Israel

Funding: This work was supported by the ANL WFO No. 85Y47
The Soreq NRC initiated the establishment of SARAF – Soreq Applied Research Accelerator Facility. SARAF will be a multi-user facility for basic research, e.g., nuclear astrophysics, radioactive beams, medical and biological research; neutron based non-destructive testing (using a thermal neutron camera and a neutron diffractometer) and radio-pharmaceuticals research, development and production. The SARAF continuous wave (CW) accelerator is planned to produce variable energy (5-40 MeV) proton and deuteron beam currents (0.04-5 mA). Phase I of SARAF (ion source, radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ), and one cryomodule housing 6 half-wave resonators (HWR) was installed and being operated at Soreq NRC delivering CW 1mA 3.5 MeV proton beams and low-duty cycle (0.0001) 0.3 mA 4.7 MeV deuteron beams. SARAF is designed to enable hands-on maintenance, which implies very low beam losses for the entire accelerator. The physics design of two options is explored to subsequently develop a conceptual design for selected option for extending the linac to its planned beam parameters (SARAF Phase-II: 40 MeV, 5 mA protons and deuterons).

Slides FR1A05 [3.459 MB]