| Paper | Title | Other Keywords | Page |
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| S01SRA01 | A Users View of the SPS and LEP Control Systems | controls, software, operation, MMI | 1 |
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| Every accelerator has a control system; at present the SPS has two, both of which are needed to run the machine. Consequently a user of the SPS I LEP complex has to be concurrently familiar with three control systems. While this situation brings problems it allows, even forces, comparison between the different systems, which in tum enriches the user viewpoint. This paper assesses the SPS and LEP control systems from the point of view of the user, who may be an equipment specialist, operator, accelerator physicist or combinations thereof. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S01SRA01 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S02SRU01 | Future Directions in Controlling the LAMPF-PSR Accelerator Complex at Los Alamos National Laboratory | controls, software, interface, hardware | 50 |
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Funding: Work supported by the US Department of Energy. Four interrelated projects are underway whose purpose is to migrate the LAMPF-PSR Accelerator Complex control systems to a system with a common set of hardware and software components. Project goals address problems in performance, maintenance and growth potential. Front-end hardware, operator interface hardware and software, computer systems, network systems and data system software are being simultaneously upgraded as part of these efforts. The efforts are being coordinated to provide for a smooth and timely migration to a client-server model-based data acquisition and control system. An increased use of distributed intelligence at both the front-end and the operator interface is a key element of the projects. |
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| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S02SRU01 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S02SRU02 | Common Control System for the CERN Accelerators | controls, software, interface, operation | 54 |
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| The PS and SPS Accelerator Control Systems are becoming obsolete and need urgent rejuvenation. After a control users forum, where users expressed their needs, two main Working Groups were set up, consisting of Control and Equipment Specialists and experienced Machine Operators. One Working Group studied the architecture and the front-end processing and the other a common approach to the application software needed to run the CERN accelerator complex. The paper presents the technical conclusions of their work and the policy to implement it, taking into account the necessity to operate both machines without interruption of the Physics Program. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S02SRU02 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S02SRU03 | New Control Architecture for the SPS Accelerator at CERN | controls, real-time, interface, software | 59 |
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| The Control System for the 450 GeV proton accelerator SPS at CERN was conceived and implemented some 18 years ago. The 16 Bit minicomputers with their proprietary operating system and interconnection with a dedicated network do not permit the use of modern workstations, international communication standards and industrial software packages. The upgrading of the system has therefore become necessary. After a short review of the history and the current state of the SPS control system, the paper describes how CERN’s new control architecture, which will be common to all accelerators, will be realized at the SPS. The migration path ensuring a smooth transition to the final system is outlined. Once the SPS upgrade is complete and following some enhancements to the LEP control system, the operator in the SPS/LEP control center will be working in a single uniform control environment. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S02SRU03 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S02SRU09 | Upgrade Plan for the Control System of the KEK e⁻/e⁺ Linac | controls, software, linac, operation | 89 |
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| The KEK 2.5-GeV linac has been operating since 1982. However, in order to maintain reliable operation, the control system should be upgraded within a few years. We plan to replace the minicomputers and the main network connecting them. Thus, the architecture of the control software will also be revised. In the new system we should adopt software and hardware standards. In the next control system we will employ the TCP/IP (DARPA) protocol suite for the main network and Unix workstations to replace the minicomputers. For connections to the local controllers, VME bus (IEEE 1014) will be utilized. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S02SRU09 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S02SRU10 | The New Control System for TARN-2 | controls, interface, Ethernet, synchrotron | 93 |
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| The new control system for the cooler-synchrotron, TARN-2, is described. The new control system consists of OPU’s (work stations) and EXU (control computer) linked with the local area network. The text message is used to transfer the control commands and their results. The control program CSA90 at EXU decodes the text message and executes it with the aid of the interface and periodic control subroutines. Both subroutines use common sharable image composed of the status, values, parameters and so on. The CAMAC, GPIB and RS232C are standard interface at EXU. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S02SRU10 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S02SRU11 | A New Architecture for Fermilab’s Cryogenic Control System | controls, cryogenics, interface, software | 96 |
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In order to achieve design energy in the Tevatron, the magnet system will be operated at lower temperatures. The increased requirements of operating the Tevatron at lower temperatures necessitated a major upgrade to the both the hardware and software components of the cryogenic control system. The new architecture is based on a distributed topology which couples Fermilab designed I/O subsystems to high performance, 80386 execution processors via a variety of networks including: Arcnet, iPSB, and token ring.
Operated by the Universities Research Association Inc., under contract with the U.S. Dept. of Energy. |
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| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S02SRU11 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S03SRD02 | A Performance Requirements Analysis of the SSC Control System | controls, interface, collider, operation | 105 |
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Funding: Operated by the Universities Research Association, Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-89ER40486. This paper presents the results of analysis of the performance requirements of the Superconducting Super Collider Control System. We quantify the performance requirements of the system in terms of response time, throughput and reliability. We then examine the effect of distance and traffic patterns on control system performance and examine how these factors influence the implementation of the control network architecture and compare the proposed system against those criteria. Operated by the Universities Research Association, Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-89ER40486 |
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| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S03SRD02 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S03SRD04 | Standards and the Design of the Advanced Photon Source Control System | controls, software, interface, linac | 116 |
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Funding: Work supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38. The Advanced Photon Source (APS), now under construction at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), is a 7 GeV positron storage ring dedicated to research facilities using synchrotron radiation. This ring, along with its injection accelerators is to be controlled and monitored with a single, flexible, and expandable control system. In the conceptual stage the control system design group faced the challenges that face all control system designers: (1) to force the machine designers to quantify and codify the system requirements, (2) to protect the investment in hardware and software from rapid obsolescence, and (3) to find methods of quickly incorporating new generations of equipment and replace obsolete equipment without disrupting the existing system. To solve these and related problems, the APS control system group made an early resolution to use standards in the design of the system. This paper will cover the present status of the APS control system as well as discuss the design decisions which led us to use industrial standards and collaborations with other laboratories whenever possible to develop a control system. |
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| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S03SRD04 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S03SRD05 | The ESRF Control System; Status and Highlights | controls, database, interface, device-server | 121 |
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| The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) will operate a 6 GeV e⁻/e⁺ storage ring of 850 m circumference to deliver to date unprecedented high brilliance X-rays to the European research community. The ESRF is the first member of a new generation of Synchrotron Radiation Sources, in which the brilliance of the beam and the utilization of insertion devices are pushed to their present limits. Commissioning of the facility’s storage ring will start in spring 1992. A full energy injector, consisting of a 200 MeV linear preinjector and a 6GeV fast cycling synchrotron (l0 Hz) of 350 m circumference have been successfully commissioned during the last months. The machine control system for this facility, which is under construction since 1988, is still under development, but its initial on-site operation this year has clearly made easier the commissioning of the preinjector plant. A description of the current system is given and application software for start-up is briefly described. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S03SRD05 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S03SRD07 | The Operator View of the Superconducting at LNS Catania | software, controls, hardware, cyclotron | 131 |
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| The upper level of a distributed control system designed for the superconducting Cyclotron (SC), will be discussed. In particular, we will present a detailed description of the operator view of this accelerator along with the tools for I/O points management, data rappresentations, data archiving and retrieval. A dedicated program, developed by us, working under X-Window will be described as a starting point for a new man-machine interface approach in small laboratories opposed to the first industrial available packages. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S03SRD07 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S03SRD08 | The UNK Control System | controls, software, cryogenics, interface | 134 |
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| The IHEP proton Accelerating and Storage Complex (UNK) includes in its first stage a 400 GeV conventional and a 3000 GeV superconducting ring placed in the same underground tunnel of 20.7 km circumference. The beam will be injected into UNK from the existing 70 GeV accelerator U-70. The experimental programme which is planned to start in 1995, will include 3000 GeV fixed target and 400-3000 GeV colliding beams physics. The size and complexity of the UNK dictate a distributed multiprocessor architecture of the control system. About 4000 of 8/16 bit controllers, directly attached to the UNK equipment will perform low level control and data acquisition tasks. The equipment controllers will be connected via the MIL-1553 field bus to VME based 32-bit front end computers. The TCP/IP network will interconnect front end computers in the UNK equipment buildings with UNIX workstations and servers in the Main Control Room. The report presents the general architecture and current status of the UNK control. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S03SRD08 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S03SRD09 | Moscow University Race-Track Microtron Control System: Ideas and Development | controls, interface, software, microtron | 140 |
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| Moscow University race-track microtron (RTM) control system is a star-shape network of LSI-11 compatible microcomputers. Each of them is connected with RTM systems via CAMAC; optical fiber coupling is also used. Control system software is designed on Pascal-1, supplemented with real time modules and Macro. A unified real time technique and re-enterable data acquisition drivers allow to simplify development of control drivers and algorithms. Among the latter three main types are used: DDC methods, those, based on optimization technique and algorithms, applying models of microtron’s systems. Man-machine interface is based on concept of the "world of accelerator". It supports means to design, within hardware possibilities, various computer images of the RTM. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S03SRD09 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S03SRD11 | Status Report on Control System Development for PLS | controls, database, interface, software | 147 |
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Funding: Work supported by Pohang Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. (POSCO) and Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Government of Republic of Korea. Emphasizing reliability and flexibility, hierarchical architecture with distributed computers have been designed into the Pohang Light Source (PLS) computer control system. The PLS control system has four layers of computer systems connected via multiple data communication networks. This paper presents an overview of the PLS control system. The accelerator control system provides means for accessing all machine components so that the whole system could be monitored and controlled remotely. These tasks include setting magnet currents, collecting status data from the vacuum subsystem, taking orbit data with beam position monitors, feedback control of electron beam orbit, regulating the safety interlock monitors, and so forth. To design a control system which can perform these functions satisfactorily, certain basic design requirements must be fulfilled. Among these are reliability, capability, expa.nsibility, cost control, and ease of operation. |
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| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S03SRD11 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S03SRD12 | Design of SPring-8 Control System | controls, synchrotron, Ethernet, real-time | 151 |
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| The control system of SPring-8 facility is designed. A distributed computer system is adopted with a three-hierarchy levels. All the computers are linked by computer networks. The network of upper level is a high-speed multi-media LAN such as FDDI which links sub-system control computers, and middle are Ethernet or MAP networks which link front end processors (FEP) such as VME system. The lowest is a field level bus which links VME and controlled devices. Workstations (WS) or X-terminals are useful for man-machine interfaces. For operating system (OS), UNIX is useful for upper level computers, and real-time OS’s for FEP’s. We will select hardwares and OS of which specifications are close to international standards. Since recently the cost of software has become higher than that of hardware, we introduce computer aided tools as many as possible for program developments. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S03SRD12 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S03SRD13 | Design of a Control System of the Linac for SPring-8 | linac, controls, synchrotron, software | 154 |
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| The design of a control system of the linac which is a large scale system including many unstable components like klystrons and modulatora. The linac for SPring-8 requires to be operated automatically for injection to the synchrotron. Under these conditions, we chose a distributed control system architecture of a single layer net-work to simplify the protocol of the net-work between the linac, the booster synchrotron and the storage ring. A VME computer of 68030 is put in every modulator of the linac, and all control signals are gathered to the nearest VME computer. OS-9 and OS-9000 are on trial for investigation of the performances. TCP/IP is tentatively chosen as a protocol of the net-work, but we expect that MAP/MMS makes a high performance, and we are preparing a test of it. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S03SRD13 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S04SRS02 | A PC Based Control System for the CERN ISOLDE Separators | controls, ISOL, Windows, hardware | 162 |
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| The control system of the two isotope separators of CERN, named ISOLDE, is being completely redesigned with the goal of having a flexible, high performance and inexpensive system. A new architecture that makes heavy use of the commercial software and hardware available for the huge Personal Computer (PC) market is being implemented on the 1700 geographically distributed control channels of the separators. 8 MS-DOS™ i386-based PCs with about 80 acquisition/control boards are used to access the equipments while 3 other PCs running Microsoft Windows™ and Microsoft Excel™ are used as consoles, the whole through a Novell™ Local Area Network with a PC Disk Server used as a database. This paper describes the interesting solutions found and discusses the reduced programming workload and costs that are expected to build the system before the start of the separators in March 1992. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S04SRS02 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S06SA04 | The Software for the CERN LEP Beam Orbit Measurement System | pick-up, operation, software, hardware | 260 |
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| The Beam Orbit Measurement (BOM) system of LEP consists of 504 pickups, distributed all around the accelerator, that are capable of measuring the positions of the two beams. Their activity has to be synchronised, and the data produced by them have to be collected together, for example to form a "closed orbit measurement" or a "trajectory measurement". On the user side, several clients can access simultaneously the results from this instrument. Au automatic acquisition mode, and an "on request" one, can run in parallel. This results in a very flexible and powerful system. The functionality of the BOM system is fully described, as well as the structure of the software processes which constitute the system, and their interconnections. Problems solved during the implementation are emphasized. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S06SA04 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S07IC03 | EPICS Architecture | controls, database, EPICS, distributed | 278 |
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Funding: Work at LANL supported and funded under the Department of Defense. US Army Strategic Defense Command. under the auspices of the Department of Energy.<br /> Work at ANL supported by U.S. Dept. of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No W-31-109-ENG-38. The Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) provides control and data acquisition for the experimental physics community. Because the capabilities required by the experimental physics community for control were not available through industry, we began the design and implementation of EPICS. It is a distributed process control system built on a software communication bus. The functional subsystems, which provide data acquisition, supervisory control, closed loop control, archiving, and alarm management, greatly reduce the need for programming. Sequential control is provided through a sequential control language, allowing the implementer to express state diagrams easily. Data analysis of the archived data is provided through an interactive tool. The timing system provides distributed synchronization for control and time stamped data for data correlation across nodes in the network. The system is scalable from a single test station with a low channel count to a large distributed network with thousands of channels. The functions provided to the physics applications have proven helpful to the experiments while greatly reducing the time to deliver controls. |
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| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S07IC03 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S07IC05 | The Influence of Industrial Applications on a Control System Toolbox | database, controls, hardware, software | 287 |
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| V system is as an open, advanced software application toolbox for rapidly creating fast, efficient and cost-effective control and data-acquisition systems. V system’s modular architecture is designed for single computers, networked computers and workstations running under VAX/VMS or VAX/ELN. At the heart of Vsystem lies Vaccess, a user extendible real-time database and library of access routines. The application database provides the link to the hardware of the application and can be organized as one database or separate databases installed in different computers on the network. Vsystem has found application in charged particle accelerator control, tokamak control, and industrial research. as well as its more recent industrial applications. This paper describes the broad features of Vsystem and the influence that recent industrial applications have had on the software. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S07IC05 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S08NC01 | ARCNET as a Field Bus in the Fermilab Linac Control System | controls, linac, hardware, software | 291 |
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Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-76CHO3000 Data acquisition hardware in accelerator control systems is connected by a field bus to networked computers that supply data to consoles. Industry attempts to standardize on a low level field bus have not succeeded in providing a single well supported bus. This paper describes a data acquisition chassis that connects to VMEbus computers using ARCNET, a full featured token-passing local area network, as the field bus. The performance of this technique as implemented in the control system for the Fermilab Linac is given. |
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| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S08NC01 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S08NC02 | Multi-Processor Network Implementations in Multibus II and VME | software, controls, distributed, interface | 295 |
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ACNET (Fermilab Accelerator Controls Network), a proprietary network protocol, is implemented in a multi-processor configuration for both Multibus II and VME. The implementations are contrasted by the bus protocol and software design goals. The Multibus II implementation provides for multiple processors running a duplicate set of tasks on each processor. For a network connected task, messages are distributed by a network round-routed for each task by user-callable commands. The VME implementation provides for multiple processors running one task across all processors. The process can either be fixed to a particular processor or dynamically allocated to an available processor depending on the scheduling algorithm of the multi-processing operating system.
Operated by Universities Research Association for the Department of Energy. |
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| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S08NC02 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S08NC03 | A Distributed Design for Monitoring Logging and Replaying Device Readings at LAMPF | software, controls, interface, distributed | 299 |
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Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy As control of the Los Alamos Meson Physics linear accelerator and Proton Storage Ring moves to a more distributed system, it has been necessary to redesign the software which monitors, logs, and replays device readings throughout the facility. The new design allows devices to be monitored and their readings logged locally on a network of computers. Control of the monitoring and logging process is available throughout the network from user interfaces which communicate via remote procedure calls with server processes running on each node which monitors and records device readings. Similarly, the logged data can be replayed from anywhere on the network. Two major requirements influencing the final design were the need to reduce the load on the CPU of the control machines, and the need for much faster replay of the logged device readings. |
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| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S08NC03 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S08NC04 | Synchronous Message-Based Communication for Distributed Heterogeneous Systems | controls, Ethernet, real-time, distributed | 302 |
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| The use of a synchronous, message-based real-time operating system (Unison) as the basis of transparent interprocess and inter-processor communication over VMEbus is described. The implementation of a synchronous, message-based protocol for network communication between heterogeneous systems is discussed. In particular, the design and implementation of a message-based session layer over a virtual circuit transport layer protocol using UDP /IP is described. Inter-process communication is achieved via a message-based semantic which is portable by virtue of its ease of implementation in other operating system environments. Protocol performance for network communication among heterogeneous architectures is presented, including VMS, Unix, Mach and Unison. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S08NC04 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S08NC05 | The Transmission of Accelerator Timing Information around CERN | timing, interface, controls, operation | 306 |
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| Prior to the construction of the Large Electron Positron (LEP) collider, machine timing information was transmitted around CERN’s accelerators using a labyrinth of dedicated copper wires. However, at an early stage in the design of the LEP control system, it was decided to use an integrated communication system based on Time Division Multiplex (TDM) techniques. Therefore it was considered appropriate to use this facility to transmit timing information over long distances. This note describes the overall system, with emphasis placed on the connectivity requirements for the CCITTG.703 series of recommendations. In addition the methods used for error detection and correction, and also for redundancy, are described. The cost implications of using such a TDM based system are also analyzed. Finally the performance and reliability obtained by using this approach are discussed. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S08NC05 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S08NC06 | Time and Load Measuring in the SPS/LEP Control System | controls, software, timing, hardware | 310 |
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| This paper describes the experiences with the SPS/LEP Control System during its first operational days from the communication point of view. The results show difference between hardware possibility of the local communication based on the modem technology and the possibility to use it by PC machines. There is also several figures describing the activity on the communication lines. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S08NC06 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S08NC07 | The ELETTRA Field Highway System | controls, software, interface, hardware | 313 |
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| ELETTRA is a third generation Synchrotron Light Source under construction in Trieste (Italy); it consists of a full energy linac injector and a storage ring with beam energies between 1.5 and 2 GeV. The ELETTRA control system has a distributed architecture, hierarchically divided into three layers of computers; two network levels provide communication between the adjacent computer layers. The field highway adopted for the connection of the middle-layer local process computers with the bottom-layer equipment interface units is the MIL-1553B multidrop highway. This paper describes the hardware configuration and the main communication services developed on the MIL-15538 field highway for accelerator control. As an additional feature, typical LAN utilities have been added on top of the basic MIL-15538 communication software allowing remote login and file transfer; these tools are currently used for software development in our laboratory. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S08NC07 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S08NC08 | Network Communication Libraries for the Next Control System of the KEK e⁻/e⁺ Linac | controls, linac, Ethernet, power-supply | 318 |
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| The network communication libraries for the next control system of the KEK Linac have been developed. They are based on TCP/IP sockets, and show high availability among the different operating systems: UNIX, VAX/VMS, and MS-DOS. They also show high source portability of application programs among the different computer systems provided by various vendors. The performance and problems are presented in detail. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S08NC08 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S08NC09 | A Program Development Tool for KEK VME-MAP Control System | controls, MMI, interface, synchrotron | 322 |
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| The control system for KEK 12 GeV Proton Synchrotron has been replaced with a distributed VME-bus based microcomputer system and a MAP local area network. In order to simplify programming for network application tasks, a set of a preprocessor for a PASCAL compiler and a network communication server has been developed. Application programs for accelerator control system have blocks with similar codes; sending, waiting for, receiving, analyzing messages, etc. The preprocessor called "OBJP" incorporates such common codes into the source code written by an application programmer. In case of a simple program, the size of the source code is reduced by one tenth of a full coding. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S08NC09 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
| Cite • | reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml) | ||
| S08NC10 | Network Performance for Graphical Control Systems | database, controls, real-time, software | 326 |
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| Vsystem is a toolbox for building graphically-based control systems. The real-time database component, Vaccess, includes all the networking support necessary to build multi-computer control systems. Vaccess has two modes of database access, synchronous and asynchronous. Vdraw is another component of Vsystem that allows developers and users to develop control screens and windows by drawing rather than programming. Based on Xwindows, Vsystem provides the possibility of running Vdraw either on the workstation with the graphics or on the computer with the database. We have made some measurements on the cpu loading, elapsed time and the network loading to give some guidance in system configuration performance. It will be seen that asynchronous network access gives large performance increases and that the network database change notification protocol can be either more or less efficient than the X-window network protocol, depending on the graphical representation of the data. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S08NC10 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
| Cite • | reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml) | ||
| S08NC11 | A New Approach in Development of Data Flow Control and Investigation System for Computer Networks | controls, software, experiment, database | 329 |
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| Seven years ago we started the development of a new control system for an experimental electron accelerator in our institute. This paper describes a new approach in development of data flow control and investigation system for computer networks. This approach was developed and applied in the Moscow Radiotechnical Institute for control and investigations of Institute computer network. It allowed us to solve our network current problems successfully. Description of our approach is represented below along with the most interesting results of our work. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S08NC11 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S09DPP02 | Palantiri: A Distributed Real-Time Database System for Process Control | database, controls, hardware, real-time | 336 |
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| The medium-energy accelerator MEA, located in Amsterdam, is controlled by a heterogeneous computer network. A large real-time database contains the parameters involved in the control of the accelerator and the experiments. This database system was implemented about ten years ago and has since been extended several times. In response to increased needs the database system has been redesigned. The new database environment, as described in this paper, consists out of two new concepts: (1) A Palantir which is a per machine process that stores the locally declared data and forwards au non local requests for data access to the appropriate machine. It acts as a storage device for data and a looking glass upon the world. (2) Golems: working units that define the data within the Palantir, and that have knowledge of the hardware they control. Applications access the data of a Golem by name (which do resemble Unix path names). The Palantir that runs on the same machine as the application handles the distribution of access requests. This paper focuses on the Palantir concept as a distributed data storage and event handling device for process control. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S09DPP02 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S10TS03 | Automated Control System Structure of the USSR Academy of Sciences Kaon Facility | controls, injection, feedback, beam-loading | 352 |
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| Up to date at Nuclear Research Institute of the USSR AS (Moscow-Troitsk) it is finished building of Moscow Meson Facility high intensity current proton Linear Accelerator (LA) (beam parameters: energy - 600 MeV, average current - 0.5 mA, pulse current - 50 mA). The LA is proposed to serve as Kaon Facility (KF) which is under working out. There are presented brief description of the KF system. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S10TS03 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S10TS05 | A New VME Timing Module: TG8 | timing, controls, real-time, hardware | 360 |
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| The two accelerator divisions of CERN, namely PS and SL, are defining a new common control system based on PC, VME and Workstations. This has provided an opportunity to review both central timing systems and to come up with common solutions. The result was, amongst others, the design of a unique timing module, called TG8. The TG8 is a multipurpose VME module, which receives messages distributed over a timing network. These messages include timing information, clock plus calendar and telegrams instructing the CERN accelerators on the characteristics of the next beam to be produced. The TG8 compares incoming messages with up to 256 programmed actions. An action consists of two parts, a trigger which matches an incoming message and what to do when the match occurs. The latter part may optionally create an output pulse on one of the eight output channels and/or a bus interrupt, both with programmable delay and telegram conditioning. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S10TS05 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
| Cite • | reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml) | ||
| S10TS08 | An Optical Fiber Phase Lock Network of a Radio Interferometer | controls, linac, detector, gun | 371 |
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| A new phase-lock network using fiber-optic system was developed as a local signal distribution system for 84 antennas of the Nobeyama Radioheliograph. This network is an open loop system and consists of a master oscillator with an E/O converter, an 1-to-84 optical divider, phase stable optical fiber cables and phase stable phase-locked oscillators with O/E converters. Phase stability of the network and phase noise generated at the O/E converter are discussed. This phase-lock network insures the required phase stability of 3°/6 hours. The phase noise increases the coherent loss of 0.1 % at the correlator output, which is very low. This is the first large application of fiber optic devices to an open loop phase-lock network. Our system is very simple and phase-stable. Therefore, it is suitable to the connected array with large number of antennas. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S10TS08 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S11LLC01 | Replacing PS Controls Front End Minicomputers by VME Based 32-bit Processors | controls, interface, real-time, software | 375 |
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| The PS controls have started the first phase of system rejuvenation, targeted towards the LEP Preinjector Controls. The main impact of this phase is in the architectural change, as both the front-end minicomputers and the CAMAC embedded microprocessors are replaced by microprocessor based VME crates called Device Stub Controllers (DSC). This paper discusses the different steps planned for this first phase, i.e: - implementing the basic set of CERN Accelerator common facilities for DSCs (error handling, system surveillance, remote boot and network access); - porting the equipment access software layer; ¿ applying the Real-time tasks to the LynxOS operating system and J/O architecture, conforming to the real-time constraints for control and acquisition; - defining the number and contents of the different DSC needed, according to geographical and cpu-load constraints; - providing the general services outside the DSC crates (file servers, data-base services); - emulating the current Console programs onto the new workstations. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S11LLC01 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S13MMI05 | Exploiting the X-Window Environment to Expand the Number, Reach, and Usefulness of Fermilab Accelerator Control Consoles | controls, software, operation, Windows | 464 |
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The Fermilab accelerator operator workstation of choice is now the Digital VAXstation running VMS and X-Window software. This new platform provides an easy to learn programming environment while support routines are expanding in number and power. The X-Window environment is exploited to provide remote consoles to users across long haul networks and to support multiple consoles on a single workstation. The integration of imaging systems, local datalogging, commercial and Physics community’s software, and development facilities on the operator workstation adds functionality to the system. The locally engineered knob/pointer/keyboard interface solves the multiple keyboard and mouse problems of a multi-screen console. This paper will address these issues of Fermilab’s accelerator operator workstations.
Operated by Universities Research Association for the Department of Energy |
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| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S13MMI05 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S13MMI06 | A Virtual Control Panel Configuration Tool for the X-Window System | controls, interface, software, EPICS | 468 |
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Funding: Work supported and funded under the Department of Defense, US Army Strategic Defense Command, under the auspices of the Department of Energy. Computer Graphics Workstations are becoming increasingly popular for use as virtual process control and read back panels. The workstation’s CRT, keyboard, and pointing device are used in concert to produce a display that is in essence a control panel, even if actual switches and gauges are not present. The code behind these displays is most often specific to one display and not reusable for any other display. Recently, programs have been written allowing many of these virtual control panel displays to be configured without writing additional code. This approach allows the initial programming effort to be reapplied to many different display instances with minimal effort. These programs often incorporate many of the features of a graphics editor, allowing a pictorial model of the process under control to be incorporated into the control panel. We have just finished writing a second generation software system of this type for use with the X-Window system and the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS). This paper describes the primary features of our software, the framework of our design, and our observations after initial installation. |
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| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S13MMI06 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S13MMI07 | X-Window for Process Control in a Mixed Hardware Environment | controls, vacuum, cryogenics, hardware | 471 |
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| X-Window is a common standard for display purposes on the current workstations. The possibility to create more than one window on a single screen enables the operators to gain more information about the process. Multiple windows from different control systems using mixed hardware is one of the problems this paper will describe. The experience shows that X-Window is a standard per definition, but not in any case. But it is an excellent tool to separate data-acquisition and display from each other over long distances using different types of hardware and software for communications and display. Our experience with X-Window displays for the cryogenic control system and the vacuum control system at HERA on DEC and SUN hardware will be described. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S13MMI07 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S13MMI10 | A New Workstation Based Man/Machine Interface System for the JT-60 Upgrade | interface, operation, controls, man-machine-interface | 483 |
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| Development of a new man/machine interface system was stimulated by the requirements of making the JT-60 operator interface more "friendly" on the basis of the past five-year operational experience. Eleven Sun/3 workstations and their supervisory mini-computer HIDIC V90/45 are connected through the standard network; Ethernet. The network is also connected to the existing "ZENKEI" mini-computer system through the shared memory on the HIDIC V90/45 minicomputer. Improved software, such as automatic setting of the discharge conditions, consistency check among the related parameters and easy operation for discharge result data display, offered the "user-friendly" environments. This new man/machine interface system leads to the efficient operation of the JT-60. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S13MMI10 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S13MMI11 | A Flexible Graphic Display System for Accelerator Control | controls, factory, software, storage-ring | 487 |
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| A flexible graphic display system for controlling the KEK Photon Factory storage ring has been developed. A VME computer locally controls the graphic display system and communicates with the host control computer through a RS-232C link. Graphic pictures are prepared in the local system by an interactive operation using either a tablet or a keyboard. The host control computer is free from any load due to graphics processing. In an on-line operation, pictures are displayed and modified by simple command strings from the host computer. A "picture stack" method has been developed for this graphics system. The latest demanded picture always has top priority to be presented on each display monitor. Previous pictures are saved in a stack and can reappear when the current picture has been freed. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S13MMI11 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S14OOP04 | Object Oriented Programming Techniques Applied to Device Access and Control | device-server, power-supply, controls, SRF | 514 |
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| Device access and device control is one of the most important tasks of any control system. This is because control implies obtaining information about the physical world by reading sensors and modifying the behaviour of the physical world by sending commands to actuators. At the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) effort has gone into designing and implementing a model for device access and control using as much as possible the latest ideas and methods of Software Engineering. One of the main contributions in recent years to Software Engineering has been in the field of Object Oriented Programming (OOP). Although the philosophy is not new the refinement and application of this methodology on a wide scale is. At the ESRF a model for device access and control has been developed which is based on OOP methods. This model, called the device server model, is the topic of this paper. The device server model is written entirely in C and is therefore portable. It depends on no other software and can be ported to any machine where there is a C compiler. Because the model is based on OOP it presents a user-oriented view of the world as opposed to a software- or hardware-oriented view of the world. This paper will describe the device server model. It will describe the problem of device access and the advantages of using OOP techniques to solve it. It will present the model. The methodology used to implement OOP in the device server model called Objects In C (OIC) will be described. An example of a typical device server at the ESRF will be presented. The experience gained from the device server model will be discussed. The paper will conclude with a discussion on how the device server model could be standardised to treat a wider range of problems. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S14OOP04 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S16MS02 | Framework for Control System Development | controls, interface, distributed, software | 542 |
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Funding: This work was supported by the US DOE under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098 Control systems being developed for the present generation of accelerators will need to adapt to changing machine and operating state conditions. Such systems must also be capable of evolving over the life of the accelerator operation. Several of the new generation of control systems hardware being developed today have the capability of fast, sophisticated control at all levels in the control hierarchy. These systems are typically hierarchical and highly distributed with extremely high I/O throughput. We have initiated the design of a framework for control system development which can accommodate the new architectures. This paper will present requirements, design decisions, and specifications that we have devised for this framework. |
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| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S16MS02 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S16MS03 | The LEP Model Interface for MAD | controls, interface, closed-orbit, operation | 546 |
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| During machine studies and trouble-shooting in the LEP machine various optical parameters must be computed, which can be found quickly using the MAD program. However, the LEP operators are not all well acquainted with MAD. In order to ease their task, a simple interface called the LEP model has been written to run on the Apollo workstations of the LEP control system. It prepares jobs for MAD, sends them to a DN 10000 node for execution, and optionally plots the results. The desired machine positions and optical parameters vary between LEP runs. The LEP model contains a powerful selection algorithm which permits easy reference to any combination of positions and optical parameters in the machine. Elements can be chosen by name, by sequence number, or by element class. The choice of optical functions includes closed orbit, Twiss parameters, betatron phases, chromatic functions, element excitations, and many more. Recently matching features have been added. Communication with the control system and with MAD uses self-describing tables, i.e. tables whose columns are labelled with their name and a format code. Experience with this LEP model interface is reported. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S16MS03 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S17AIA01 | Development of a Diagnostic System for Klystron Modulators Using a Neural Network | controls, linac, klystron, diagnostics | 558 |
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| The diagnostic system for klystron modulators using a neural network has been developed. Large changes in the voltage and current of the main circuit in a klystron modulator were observed just several ten milli-seconds before the modulator experienced trouble. These changes formed a peculiar pattern that depended on the parts with problems. Diagnosis was possible by means of pattern recognition. The recognition test of patterns using a neural network has shown good results. This system, which is built in a linac control system, is presently being operated so as to collect new trouble patterns and to carry out tests for practical use. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S17AIA01 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S17AIA02 | Diagnostic Expert System in the RF Linac | linac, diagnostics, controls, operation | 562 |
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| A prototype diagnostic expert system (ES) was developed for the Photon Factory 2.5-GeV electron/ positron LINAC injector system. The ES has been on-lined with the conventional linac computer network for receiving real data. This project was undertaken in an attempt to reduce the linac operator’s mental workload, diagnosis duties, and to explore Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies. The outlook for ES and its problems, and what has been achieved are outlined in this presentation. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S17AIA02 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S17AIA04 | Development of Operator Thinking Model and its Application to Nuclear Reactor Plant Operation System | operation, experiment, controls, monitoring | 570 |
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| At first, this paper presents the developing method of an operator thinking model and the outline of the developed model In next, it describes the nuclear reactor plant operation system which has been developed based on this model. Finally, it has been confirmed that the method described in this paper is very effective in order to construct expert systems which replace the reactor operator’s role with AI (artificial intelligence) systems. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S17AIA04 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S20PD02 | Summary of Panel Discussion on Standards and World-Wide Sharing of Software | controls, software, database, hardware | 597 |
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| It has been a dream in the accelerator community for some time that software developed for one control system be easily transferable to and usable at another. Until recently this goal was seldom realized in practice. This has been primarily because the various control systems have been developed inhouse with little standardization among them. The world of accelerators was dominated until a few years ago by very large machines constructed for doing high energy physics. The large laboratories could likewise afford large controls groups, which were able to build these complete systems from the ground up. However the accelerator scene has now shifted, with a large fraction of the new work being done at much smaller installations, installations which cannot afford the large staffs previously employed in control system production. Different approaches to this problem were outlined in the discussion. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S20PD02 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S21CS01 | Issues in Accelerator Controls | controls, software, operation, hardware | 602 |
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| When attempting to make conference summaries, one is always tempted - and possibly even expected - to "discern" and then to point out the "great lines" of evolution of the subject and then to make predictions, "far sighted" if possible. Of course such an activity is jolly risky since at the beginning of any such trend, a few discernible examples and implementations of one sort, or a new product here and there, do not necessarily make a trend by the time the developments have really taken on, however, the "great line of evolution" has become obvious to just about everyone and chances are that the trend is already approaching its end and that some other trend - at that point with hardly decodable patterns - is already infiltrating the old situation which - since it is by now known - has become comfortable and homely and - thank God - at long last more or less efficiently usable. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S21CS01 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
| Cite • | reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml) | ||