| Paper | Title | Other Keywords | Page |
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| S01SRA05 | Process Control for the Vivitron: the Generator Test Set-up | controls, interface, high-voltage, data-acquisition | 19 |
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| The VIVITRON is a 35 MV Van de Graaff tandem electrostatic accelerator under construction at the CRN since 1985. About half of the parameters are controlled by equipments which are highly stressed by their physical environment: sparks, electrostatic field, X-rays, vacuum, and gas pressure. It needs a dedicated process control system. The described control system is used since early 1991 to perform the voltage tests of the generator. It provides important information for the accelerator tuning and for the full size control under development. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S01SRA05 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S01SRA12 | Control System for a Heavy-Ion Accelerator Complex K4 - K10 | controls, software, interface, hardware | 47 |
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| Control systems for newly created accelerators, perhaps for the first time, may be designed almost only around international standards for communication and control techniques. This is also true for the project of a control system for the accelerator complex K4-K10 at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Dubna. Nevertheless, open systems architecture with construction principles being essential for modem systems of such big devices as particle accelerators leaves designers enough possibilities for solving even very sophisticated problems. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S01SRA12 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S02SRU03 | New Control Architecture for the SPS Accelerator at CERN | controls, network, interface, software | 59 |
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| The Control System for the 450 GeV proton accelerator SPS at CERN was conceived and implemented some 18 years ago. The 16 Bit minicomputers with their proprietary operating system and interconnection with a dedicated network do not permit the use of modern workstations, international communication standards and industrial software packages. The upgrading of the system has therefore become necessary. After a short review of the history and the current state of the SPS control system, the paper describes how CERN’s new control architecture, which will be common to all accelerators, will be realized at the SPS. The migration path ensuring a smooth transition to the final system is outlined. Once the SPS upgrade is complete and following some enhancements to the LEP control system, the operator in the SPS/LEP control center will be working in a single uniform control environment. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S02SRU03 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S02SRU04 | The Next Generation Control System of GANIL | controls, software, operation, database | 65 |
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| The existing computer control system of GANIL is being renewed to fulfil the increasing requirements of the accelerator operation. This medium term major improvement is aiming at providing the physicists with a wider range of ion beams of higher quality under more flexible and reliable conditions. This paper gives a short description of the new control system envisioned. It consists of a three layer distributed architecture federating a VAX6000-410NMS host computer, a real time control system made up of a dual host VAX3800 and workstation based operator consoles, and at the frontend segment: VME and CAMAC processors running under the VAXELN operating system, and programmable logic controllers for local controls. The basic issues with regard to architecture, human interface, information management, etc. are discussed. Lastly, first implementations and operation results are presented. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S02SRU04 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S02SRU08 | The Rejuvenation of TRISTAN Control System | controls, hardware, operation, software | 85 |
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| The current TRISTAN accelerator control system uses CAMAC as a front end electronics, and they are controlled by twenty five Hitachi minicomputer HIDIC 80’s which are linked with an N-to-N token ring network. After five years from now, these computers must be replaced. This is because of the life time of control system and we have to cope with the requirements imposed by our future project such as the KEK B-Factory and the main ring photon factory projects. The rejuvenation of this control has to be done under some constraints such as the lack of manpower, limited time and financing. First we review the problems of current control system, then the philosophy of the new generation control system is presented. Finally it is discussed how to move to the new generation control system from the current TRISTAN control system. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S02SRU08 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S03SRD12 | Design of SPring-8 Control System | controls, network, synchrotron, Ethernet | 151 |
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| The control system of SPring-8 facility is designed. A distributed computer system is adopted with a three-hierarchy levels. All the computers are linked by computer networks. The network of upper level is a high-speed multi-media LAN such as FDDI which links sub-system control computers, and middle are Ethernet or MAP networks which link front end processors (FEP) such as VME system. The lowest is a field level bus which links VME and controlled devices. Workstations (WS) or X-terminals are useful for man-machine interfaces. For operating system (OS), UNIX is useful for upper level computers, and real-time OS’s for FEP’s. We will select hardwares and OS of which specifications are close to international standards. Since recently the cost of software has become higher than that of hardware, we introduce computer aided tools as many as possible for program developments. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S03SRD12 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S06SA05 | A VMEbus General-Purpose Data Acquisition System | data-acquisition, controls, monitoring, interface | 265 |
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We present a general-purpose, VMEbus based, multiprocessor data acquisition and monitoring system. Events, handled by a master CPU, are kept at the disposal of data storage and monitoring processes which can run on distinct processors. They access either the complete set of data or a fraction of them, minimizing the acquisition dead-time. The system is built with the VxWorka 5.0 real time kernel to which we have added device drivers for data acquisition and monitoring. The acquisition is controlled and the data are displayed on a workstatlon. The user Interface is written in C++ and re-uses the classes of the Interviews and the NIH libraries. The communication between the control workstation and the VMEbus processors is made through SUN RPCs on an Ethernet link. The system will be used for, CAMAC based, data acquisition for nuclear physics experiments as well as for the VXI data taking with the 4π configuration (100 neutron detectors) of the Brussels-Caen-Louvain-Strasbourg DEMON collaboration.
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| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S06SA05 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S08NC04 | Synchronous Message-Based Communication for Distributed Heterogeneous Systems | network, controls, Ethernet, distributed | 302 |
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| The use of a synchronous, message-based real-time operating system (Unison) as the basis of transparent interprocess and inter-processor communication over VMEbus is described. The implementation of a synchronous, message-based protocol for network communication between heterogeneous systems is discussed. In particular, the design and implementation of a message-based session layer over a virtual circuit transport layer protocol using UDP /IP is described. Inter-process communication is achieved via a message-based semantic which is portable by virtue of its ease of implementation in other operating system environments. Protocol performance for network communication among heterogeneous architectures is presented, including VMS, Unix, Mach and Unison. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S08NC04 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S08NC10 | Network Performance for Graphical Control Systems | network, database, controls, software | 326 |
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| Vsystem is a toolbox for building graphically-based control systems. The real-time database component, Vaccess, includes all the networking support necessary to build multi-computer control systems. Vaccess has two modes of database access, synchronous and asynchronous. Vdraw is another component of Vsystem that allows developers and users to develop control screens and windows by drawing rather than programming. Based on Xwindows, Vsystem provides the possibility of running Vdraw either on the workstation with the graphics or on the computer with the database. We have made some measurements on the cpu loading, elapsed time and the network loading to give some guidance in system configuration performance. It will be seen that asynchronous network access gives large performance increases and that the network database change notification protocol can be either more or less efficient than the X-window network protocol, depending on the graphical representation of the data. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S08NC10 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S09DPP02 | Palantiri: A Distributed Real-Time Database System for Process Control | database, controls, hardware, network | 336 |
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| The medium-energy accelerator MEA, located in Amsterdam, is controlled by a heterogeneous computer network. A large real-time database contains the parameters involved in the control of the accelerator and the experiments. This database system was implemented about ten years ago and has since been extended several times. In response to increased needs the database system has been redesigned. The new database environment, as described in this paper, consists out of two new concepts: (1) A Palantir which is a per machine process that stores the locally declared data and forwards au non local requests for data access to the appropriate machine. It acts as a storage device for data and a looking glass upon the world. (2) Golems: working units that define the data within the Palantir, and that have knowledge of the hardware they control. Applications access the data of a Golem by name (which do resemble Unix path names). The Palantir that runs on the same machine as the application handles the distribution of access requests. This paper focuses on the Palantir concept as a distributed data storage and event handling device for process control. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S09DPP02 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S10TS01 | Realtime Aspects of Pulse-to-Pulse Modulation | controls, timing, ECR, interface | 345 |
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| The pulse-to-pulse modulation of the SIS-ESR control system is described. Fast response to operator interaction and to changes in process conditions is emphasized as well as the essential part played by the timing system in pulse-to-pulse modulation. The benefits of pulse-to-pulse modulation in acceleration operating have been described as early as ’77 for the CERN’s PS complex. It is an effective way to increase the overall output of valuable beamtime of one or more accelerators. With beamsharing, rarely all users of the beam will be unable to accept the beam at the same time. If the PPM-handling quickly responds to changing conditions, there will be virtually no dead-time in the machine operating due to inevitable dead-times of experiments, e.g. during new experimental setups. In a multi-accelerator facility, PPM is almost imperative. Asynchronously running machines, every one of them operating as an injector for the next one, normally have time left between subsequent injections that can be used for experiments. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S10TS01 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S10TS05 | A New VME Timing Module: TG8 | timing, controls, network, hardware | 360 |
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| The two accelerator divisions of CERN, namely PS and SL, are defining a new common control system based on PC, VME and Workstations. This has provided an opportunity to review both central timing systems and to come up with common solutions. The result was, amongst others, the design of a unique timing module, called TG8. The TG8 is a multipurpose VME module, which receives messages distributed over a timing network. These messages include timing information, clock plus calendar and telegrams instructing the CERN accelerators on the characteristics of the next beam to be produced. The TG8 compares incoming messages with up to 256 programmed actions. An action consists of two parts, a trigger which matches an incoming message and what to do when the match occurs. The latter part may optionally create an output pulse on one of the eight output channels and/or a bus interrupt, both with programmable delay and telegram conditioning. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S10TS05 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S11LLC01 | Replacing PS Controls Front End Minicomputers by VME Based 32-bit Processors | controls, interface, network, software | 375 |
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| The PS controls have started the first phase of system rejuvenation, targeted towards the LEP Preinjector Controls. The main impact of this phase is in the architectural change, as both the front-end minicomputers and the CAMAC embedded microprocessors are replaced by microprocessor based VME crates called Device Stub Controllers (DSC). This paper discusses the different steps planned for this first phase, i.e: - implementing the basic set of CERN Accelerator common facilities for DSCs (error handling, system surveillance, remote boot and network access); - porting the equipment access software layer; ¿ applying the Real-time tasks to the LynxOS operating system and J/O architecture, conforming to the real-time constraints for control and acquisition; - defining the number and contents of the different DSC needed, according to geographical and cpu-load constraints; - providing the general services outside the DSC crates (file servers, data-base services); - emulating the current Console programs onto the new workstations. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S11LLC01 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S12FC05 | PLS Beam Position Measurement and Feedback System | feedback, closed-orbit, detector, controls | 427 |
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Funding: Work supported by Pohang Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. (POSCO) and Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Government of Republic of Korea. A real-time orbit correction system is proposed for the stabilization of beam orbit and photon beam positions in Pohang Light Source. PLS beam position monitor system is designed to be VMEbus compatible to fit the real-time digital orbit feedback system. A VMEbus based subsystem control computer, Mil-1553B communication network and 12 BPM/PS machine interface units constitute digital part of the feedback system. With the super-stable PLS correction power supply, power line frequency noise is almost filtered out and the dominant of beam orbit fluctuations are expected to appear below 15 Hz. DSP board in SCC for the computation and using an appropriate compensation circuit for the phase delay by the vacuum chamber, PLS real-time orbit correction system is realizable without changing the basic structure of PLS computer control system. |
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| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S12FC05 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 02 December 1991 — Accepted ※ 02 January 1992 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S12FC09 | Very Fast Feedback Control of Coil-Current in JT-60 Tokamak | controls, power-supply, plasma, software | 442 |
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| A direct digital control (DDC) system is adopted for controlling thyristor converters of power supplies in the JT-60 tokamak built in 1984. Microcomputers of the DDC were 5 MHz i8086 microprocessor and programs were written by assembler language and the processing time was under l ms. They were, however, too old in hardware and too complicated in software. New DDC system has been made in the JT-60 Upgrade (JT-60U) to control the power supplies more quickly under 0.25 and 0.5 ms of the processing time and also to write the programs used by high-level language. The new system consists of a host computer and five microcomputers with microprocessor on VMEbus system. The host computer AS3260 performs on-line processing such as setting the DDC under the discharge conditions and so on. Functions of the microcomputers with a 32-bit, 20 MHz microprocessor MC68030, whose OS are VxWorks and programs are written by C language, are real-time processing such as taking in instructions from a ZENKEI computer and in feedback control of currents and voltages of coils every 0.25 and 0.5 ms. The system is now operating very smoothly. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S12FC09 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 02 December 1991 — Accepted ※ 02 January 1992 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S15CSE01 | CASE in CERN’s Accelerator Sector | software, controls, database, survey | 528 |
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| As in the software industry where computer aided software engineering (CASE) methodologies and tools are commonly used, CERN endeavours to introduce this technology to improve the efficiency of designing, producing and maintaining software. A large project is currently under development in the administrative area whereas a dedicated group has been set up to evaluate state of the art techniques for software development relating to physics experiments. A similar activity, though on a smaller scale, has been initiated in the accelerator sector also in view of the large amount of software that will be required by the LEP200 and the LHC projects. This paper briefly describes this technology and gives an account of current experience with the use of CASE methods and tools for technical projects in the accelerator sector at CERN. | |||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S15CSE01 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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| S15CSE02 | Automation from Pictures: Producting Real Time Code from a State Transition Diagram | controls, database, interface, software | 535 |
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Funding: Work supported and funded under the Department of Defense, US Army Strategic Defense Command, under the auspices of the Department of Energy. The state transition diagram (STD) model has been helpful in the design of real time software, especially with the emergence of graphical computer aided software engineering (CASE) tools. Nevertheless, the translation of the STD to real time code has in the past been primarily a manual task. At Los Alamos we have automated this process. The designer constructs the STD using a CASE tool (Cadre Teamwork) using a special notation for events and actions. A translator converts the STD into an intermediate state notation language (SNL), and this SNL is compiled directly into C code (a state program). Execution of the state program is driven by external events, allowing multiple state programs to effectively share the resources of the host processor. Since the design and the code are tightly integrated through the CASE tool, the design and code never diverge, and we avoid design obsolescence. Furthermore, the CASE tool automates the production of formal technical documents from the graphic description encapsulated by the CASE tool. |
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| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS1991-S15CSE02 | ||
| About • | Received ※ 11 November 1991 — Accepted ※ 20 November 1991 — Issued ※ 04 December 1992 | ||
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