| Paper | Title | Page |
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| THPS001 | Experimental Studies of Beam Loss during Low Energy Operation with Electron Cooled Heavy Ions in the ESR | 3424 |
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| At the ESR at GSI electron cooled heavy ion beams are decelerated to 4 MeV/u and extracted for the HITRAP experiment. We will report about cooling equilibrium measurements at 4 and 30 MeV/u for Ar18+ coasting beams. We compare the equilibrium beam parameters with results from beam dynamics simulations using the BETACOOL code and an analytic model of reduced complexity. The time slot in which HITRAP accepts beam is 2μs long. For optimum efficiency the beam has to be bunched to this length before extraction. The obtained bunch profiles are compared to longitudinal beam dynamics simulations. Our measurements show that at both energies bunching leads to severe beam loss. The estimated transverse space charge tune shifts during the rf bunching indicate that resonance crossing might be responsible for the observed the beam loss. The influence of the tune shift will be further evaluated through resonance measurements. | ||
| THPS002 | Progress of the 2 MeV Electron Cooler Development for COSY-Jülich/HESR | 3427 |
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| The 2 MeV electron cooling system for COSY-Jülich was proposed to further boost the luminosity even in presence of strong heating effects of high-density internal targets. The project is funded since mid 2009. The design and construction of the cooler is accomplished in cooperation with the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics in Novosibirsk, Russia. The 2 MeV cooler is also well suited in the start up phase of the High Energy Storage Ring (HESR) at FAIR in Darmstadt. It can be used for beam cooling at injection energy and is intended to test new features of the high energy electron cooler for HESR. The infrastructure necessary for the operation of the cooler in the COSY ring (radiation shielding, cabling, water cooling etc.) is established. The electron beam commissioning at BINP Novosibirsk is scheduled to start at May of 2011. First results are reported. Final commissioning at COSY-Jülich is planned for the end of 2011. | ||
| THPS003 | Status of Stochastic Cooling Predictions at the HESR | 3430 |
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| Detailed theoretical studies of stochastic cooling have been performed in order to fulfil the requirements for internal target experiments at the High-Energy Storage Ring (HESR) of the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) at the GSI in Darmstadt. A Fokker-Planck model and a particle tracking code utilizing the Filter and time-of-flight momentum cooling method have been developed for the 2 to 4 GHz cooling system. A barrier bucket cavity is included to compensate the mean energy loss due to the beam-target interaction. The code has been experimentally verified at the cooler synchrotron COSY. Since the RESR accumulator ring is postponed in the modularized start version of FAIR it is proposed to include the anti-proton accumulation function in the HESR downstream of the Collector Ring. Applying the radial stacking scheme well established at CERN and FNAL would result in a completely new and additional cooling system in the HESR. Instead a different way of beam accumulation has been selected that uses the already designed stochastic cooling system and the barrier bucket cavity of the HESR. Simulation results of the anti-proton accumulation in the HESR are presented. | ||
| THPS004 | Beam Dynamics Simulation on Simultaneous use of Stochastic Cooling and Electron Cooling with Internal Target | 3433 |
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| The small momentum spread of proton beam has to be realized and kept in the storage ring during the experiment with a dense internal target. The stochastic cooling alone does not compensate the momentum spread increases due to the scattering at the internal target. The dense proton beam in the six dimensional phase space includes intra-beam scattering as one of emittance growth mechanisms. The numerical simulation is carried out using Fokker-Planck equation solver, and the results on the simultaneous use of stochastic cooling and electron cooling at COSY are indicated. | ||
| THPS006 | Present Status of Beam Cooling and Related Research at S-LSR | 3436 |
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Funding: Work supported by Advanced Compact Accelerator Development project of MEXT, and Global COE Program, "The Next Generation of Physics, Spun from Universality and Emergence" at Kyoto University. With the use of Ion Storage and Cooler Ring, S-LSR at ICR, Kyoto University, Mg ion beam with 40 keV has been laser cooled not only in the longitudinal direction but also in the horizontal direction by "Synchro-Betatron Coupling". Laser cooling is now tried to be extended to vertical direction with horizontal and vertical coupling with the use of a solenoid magnetic field. At S-LSR, an electron beam cooling is also applied for 7MeV proton beam, resulting an ordered state. Electron beam cooling is also applied for rf captured bunched beam and a short pulse proton beam with the duration of ~3 ns is fast extracted in order to enable beam irradiation. A beam course is now being constructed to irradiate bio-molecular cells vertically from the bottom through a thin film separating the accelerator vacuum from the cultivating liquid containing the cells in the air. |
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| THPS008 | Bucked Coils Lattice for the Neutrino Factory | 3439 |
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| In the Neutrino Factory muon front end, ionization cooling is used to reduce the very large initial transverse muon beam emittance. The current baseline cooling channel, FSIIA, performs well in simulations with respect to the transmission and cooling. However, recent studies indicate the RF voltage may be limited when external magnetic field is applied and therefore, as the FSIIA lattice has a large magnetic field at the position of the RF cavities, the feasibility of FSIIA may be questioned. Bucked Coils lattice, a new cooling lattice that uses different radius and opposite polarity coils placed at the same position along the beam-axis, aims to achieve low magnetic field at the position of the RF cavities while obtaining comparable transmission to FSIIA. The detailed comparison between FSIIA and different versions of the Bucked Coils configuration with respect to the magnetic field, beam dynamics and transmission are presented in this paper. | ||
| THPS009 | Coherent Electron Cooling Demonstration Experiment | 3442 |
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| Coherent electron cooling (CEC) is considered to be on of potential candidates capable of cooling high-energy, high-intensity hadron beams to very small emittances. It also has a potential to significantly boost luminosity of high-energy hadron-hadron and electron-hadron colliders. In a CEC system, a perturbation of the electron density caused by a hadron is amplified and fed back to the hadrons to reduce the energy spread and the emittance of the beam. Following the funding decision by DoE office of Nuclear Physics, we are designing and building coherent electron cooler for a proof-of-principle experiment at RHIC to cool 40 GeV heavy ion beam. In this paper, we describe the layout of the CeC installed into IP2 interaction region at RHIC. We present the design of the CeC cooler and results of preliminary simulations. | ||
| THPS012 | Simulation of the Generation and Transport of Laser-Accelerated Ion Beams | 3445 |
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| In the framework of the LIGHT project a dedicated test stand is under preparation at GSI for the transport and focusing of laser accelerated ion beams. The relevant acceleration mechanism for the parameters achievable at the GSI PHELIX laser is the TNSA (Target Normal Sheath Acceleration). The subsequent evolution of the ion beam can be described rather well by the isothermal plasma expansion model. This model assumes an initial dense plasma layer with a 'hot' electron component and 'cold' ions. We will present 1D and 2D simulation results obtained with the VORPAL code on the expansion of the beam and on the cooling down of the neutralizing electrons. The electrons and their temperature can play an important role for the focusing of the beam in a solenoid magnet, as foreseen in the GSI test stand. We will discuss possible controlled de-neutralization schemes using external magnet fields. | ||
| THPS013 | Radiation Pressure Acceleration of Multi-ion Thin Foil | 3448 |
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| Radiation pressure acceleration (RPA) is considered as an efficient way to produce quasi-monoenergetic ions, in which an ultra-thin foil is accelerated by high intensity circularly polarized laser. Our simulation study shows that an important factor limiting this acceleration process is the Rayleigh-Taylor instability, which results in the exponential growth of the foil density perturbation during the acceleration and hence the induced transparency of the foil and broadening of the particle energy spectrum. We will study RPA of multi-ion thin foil made of carbon and hydrogen and investigate the possibility of using abundant electrons supplied from carbon to delay the foil from becoming transparent, enhance the acceleration of protons and therefore improve the energy of quasi-monoenergetic proton beam. We will show the dependence of the energy of quasi-monoenergetic proton and carbon beam on the density and concentration ratio of carbon and hydrogen in the foil as well as foil thickness for RPA. | ||
| THPS014 | Laser Thin Gas Target Acceleration for Quasi-monoenergetic Proton Generation | 3451 |
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| We propose a scheme of laser thin gas target acceleration for quasi-monoenergetic proton generation. The scheme uses gas target of thickness about several laser wavelengths with gas density spatial distribution of Guassian or square of sine shape. We performed Particle-In-Cell simulation using circularly polarized laser of normalized maximum amplitude ~5 and hydrogen gas target of thickness ~5 laser wavelength with peak density three times of the critical density. The simulation demonstrates several key physical processes involved in the laser thin gas target acceleration and the observation of quasi-monoenergetic protons. During the early phase of the laser plasma interaction, electron and ion cavities are observed. A compressed plasma layer is formed. The reflected protons in front of the compressed layer are accelerated and thus a bunch of quasi-monoenergetic protons are obtained. The compressed layer is finally destroyed due to Rayleigh-Taylor instability. The acceleration of the quasi-monoenergetic proton then stops with maximum energy about 8 MeV. It is also found that gas target thickness plays an important role for efficient quasi-monoenergetic proton generation. | ||
| THPS016 | Rare Ion Beam (RIB) Facility at VECC : Present and Future | 3454 |
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Funding: This project if funded by Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India. An ISOL post accelerator type Rare Ion Beam (RIB) Facility is being developed at our centre. The RIBs will be produced by using light ion induced fusion evaporation and by using photo-fission reaction, using a 50 MeV 2mA SC electron linac that is being developed in collaboration with TRIUMF, Canada. The primary reaction products will be ionized using two-ion source charge breeder. The possibility of feeding the primary reaction products directly to an ECR ion source using multi-stage skimmer and gas jet transport technique is being explored at present. An extended rod type heavy ion RFQ, one buncher and three IH cavities have been successfully accelerated stable beams up to about 415 keV/u. Three more IH cavities will increase the energy to about 1.3 MeV/u and SC QWRs will augment the energy thereafter. In the next stage of development, an Advanced National Facility for Unstable & Rare Isotope Beams (ANURIB) has been envisaged. This green field project will deliver stable & RIBs from 1.5 keV/u to 100 MeV/u. This will have both ISOL type and PFS type facility. Neutron & positron beams based facilities will also be built around the e- linac. |
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| THPS017 | Simulation of Hollow Beam Formation at the Initial Part of RIB Transport Channel of SPIRAL2 | 3457 |
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| The initial part of Radioactive Ion Beam (RIB) transport channel of SPIRAL2 consists of 2.45 GHz ECR Ion Source, focusing solenoid, triplet of quadrupole lenses and 90-degrees analyzing bending magnet. The supporting gas (Nitrogen) current of ECRIS used in RIB production has a value about 1 mA. The influence of the Nitrogen beam self-fields may leads to hollow beam formation in the transported ion species at the part of beam line placed after the focusing solenoid. This effect increases the RIB emittance and therefore complicates the RIB transport. In this report the numerical simulation of hollow beam formation is fulfilled. The threshold current of ECRIS supporting gas which gives a hollow beam formation of transported ions is defined. The influence of the beam neutralization is taking into account. The possible neutralization factor is found from results of simulation of GANIL Test Bench. The simulation of a variant of quadrupoles focusing system of the initial part of RIB transport channel is performed. The influence of the Nitrogen beam space charge on transport of 120+ ions with energy of 60 keV is studied. | ||
| THPS020 | Development of C6+ Laser Ion Source | 3460 |
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| A C6+ laser ion source has been developed for a heavy ion accelerator, which supplies pulsed ion beam for single-turn injection system of a synchrotron by one laser shot. A graphite plate is irradiated with a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm of wavelength, 1.4 J of maximum laser energy, 10 ns of pulse duration) to generate carbon ions. The characteristics of the ion beam were studied by using the time-of-flight mass spectroscopy and the magnetic momentum analyzer. Results of the experiments are presented. | ||
| THPS021 | Methods to Obtain High Intensity Proton Ion Beams with Low Emittance from ECR Ion Source at Peking University | 3463 |
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Funding: Supported by the National Science Foundation of China 11075008. With the development of accelerator technology, to obtain an ion beam with high intensity and low emittance is becoming one of the main goals of research for ion sources. At Peking University we have developed several 2.45 GHz electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion sources for different projects and we paid close attention to the beam intensity increasing as well as the beam emittance reduction. Methods are adopted to improve beam intensity by increasing the density of plasma inside the discharge chamber, optimizing the geometry pinch effect and the perveance at the extraction aperture. To suppress the emmitance increasing of an extracted beam, the shape of the electrodes as well as the voltage of suppression electrode are carefully selected With these efforts, a 120 mA total proton beam has been extracted from the permanent magnet ECR ion source at 50 kV, and the measured normalized rms emittance is less than 0.2 pi.mm.mrad. The beam current density at the extraction aperture is about 420 mA/cm2. |
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| THPS022 | Improvement of the 20 MeV Proton Accelerator at KAERI | 3466 |
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Funding: This work is supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Korean government. The 20 MeV proton accelerator has been operating since 2007 when it got a operational license at Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) by Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP). A microwave ion source was newly developed to satisfy the requirement of minimum 100 hour operation time without maintenance. After the long time operation test at test bench, it was installed to drive the 20 MeV proton accelerator. The beam profile and emittance were measured to check the characteristics of the accelerator both at the LEBT and at the end of the 20 MeV DTL. In this paper, the microwave ion source is presented and the measurement results of the beam property are discussed. |
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| THPS023 | Automatic Tuner Unit Design, Simulation and Measurement for Automatic Operation of the RF System in the ESS-Bilbao H+ Ion Source | 3469 |
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Funding: The present work is supported by the Basque Government and Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. The Ion Source responsible intended to generate a high current and low emittance proton beam for the ESS-Bilbao is currently under construction. The plasma in the source is generated by coupling the 2.72 GHz power input from a Klystron through a magnetic field with an intensity close to the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) field at the input RF frequency. The electrical behavior of the plasma strongly depends on different plasma characteristics which, at the same time, also depend on the microwave absorption. Thus, in order to maximize the RF power transferred to the plasma, a waveguide automatic tuner unit is employed to match the generator output to the electric impedance of the plasma. This device is generally adjusted manually. In this paper, the design, the 1D and 3D simulation, and measurements are presented which allows us to propose an automatic and real time control of the device. In a first approximation, with the aim of testing the proper operation of the automatic tuner unit, an in-house variable phase shifter and attenuator has been designed and manufactured to simulate the electric behavior of the plasma. |
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| THPS025 | Overview of the Status and Developments on Primary Ion Sources at CERN | 3472 |
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Funding: This project has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under the Grant Agreement no 212114. CERN has 2 operational primary beam ion sources, that are presently used for the production of beam for LHC as well as several other facilities. Protons are produced by a duoplasmatron source, and ions from the GTS-LHC ECR ion source. In addition, new sources are required for a new 160MeV H− Linac, and development has been made on a high power RF plasma generator which could serve for a future high power Linac. In this report, the present status will be given, along with operational statistics and experience for the operation sources, and the development programme reported for the future sources. |
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| THPS026 | Surface Plasma H− Ion Source with Saddle RF Antenna Plasma Generator | 3475 |
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Funding: *Work supported in part by US DOE Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 and by STTR grant DE-SC0002690. In this project is developed a prototype RF H− surface plasma source (SPS) with saddle (SA) RF antenna which will provide better power efficiency for high pulsed and average current, higher brightness with longer lifetime and higher reliability. Several versions of new plasma generators with a small AlN test chamber and different antennas and magnetic field configurations were tested in the SNS ion source Test Stand. A prototype SA SPS was installed in the Test Stand with a larger, normal-sized SNS AlN chamber that achieved unanalyzed peak currents of up to 67 mA with an apparent efficiency of 1.6 mA/kW. Control experiments with H− beam produced by SNS SPS with internal and external antennas were conducted. A new version of the RF triggering plasma source (TPS) has been designed. A Saddle antenna SPS with water cooling is being fabricated for high duty factor testing. |
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| THPS027 | Cesiation in Highly Efficient Surface Plasma Sources | 3478 |
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Funding: Work supported in part by STTR grant DE-SC0002690. Features of cesiation* in different modifications of H-/D- source designs have been considered. New sources under development include advanced versions of Compact Surface Plasma Sources (CSPS) which will efficiently generate brighter beam in noiseless discharge, deliver significantly increased (up to 20 mA) average current with better electrode cooling using new materials, have significantly extended lifetime and reduced cesium consumption. Related ion sources that use cesium are described and an improved cesiation procedure for reproducible production of high efficiency H− ion generation is considered. * V. Dudnikov, SU Author Certificate, C1.H01 3/04, No. 411542, 10 March, 1972. |
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| THPS029 | Simulations of Various Driving Mechisms for the 3rd Order Resonant Extraction from the MedAustron Medical Synchrotron | 3481 |
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The MedAustron medical synchrotron is based on the CERN-PIMMS design and its technical implementation by CNAO [1]. This document elaborates on studies performed on the baseline betatron-core driven extraction method and investigates the feasibility of alternative resonance driving mechanisms like RF-knockout, RF-noise and the lattice tune. Single particle tracking results are presented, explained and compared to analytical results.
[1] M. Pullia, ‘‘Status Report on the Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica (CNAO)'', 11th EPAC'08, Genoa, Itlay, June 2008, p. 982 |
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| THPS030 | Layout and Optics of the MedAustron High Energy Beam Transfer Line | 3484 |
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| The MedAustron accelerator complex, which is currently in its final design stage at CERN, is based on the optical principles developed within the Proton Ion Medical Machine study (PIMMS) [bryantpimms]. This paper describes how these principles are practically applied in the layout and optics of the High Energy Beam Transfer line (HEBT) of the MedAustron accelerator facility. Special attention is directed to the optics of the gantry which is designed to fit into the PSI gantry-2 hardware layout, which is foreseen to be copied in collaboration with PSI. | ||
| THPS031 | The Beam Expander System for the European Spallation Source | 3487 |
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| At the European Spallation Source (ESS), neutrons are produced by high energy (2.5 GeV) protons impinging on a target. The lifetime of the target is highly dependent on the beam footprint. In general, the lower the average current density, the longer the lifetime of the target will be. A detailed study of two different expander systems suggested to be used to obtain the desired beam footprint has been undertaken. For reference, a system of quadrupole defocusing is used. The two systems under study are expansion of the beam by magnetic multipoles and raster scanning (painting) of the narrow linac beam over the target area. The designs, specifications, and comparative risks of the three systems will be described. | ||
| THPS033 | Skew Quadrupole Effects on Multi-turn injection Efficiency in the SIS18 | 3490 |
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Funding: DAAD ( Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst) One goal of the SIS18 upgrade scheme is concerned about improving the multi-turn injection (MTI) efficiency, in order to reach the required intensities at the targets and to operate effectively as a booster for SIS100. To improve the limitation of the MTI scheme, there were successful attempts in AGS and PS boosters, to use the skew injection scheme and later it was suggested for SIS18. The strength of the skew quadrupoles is optimized together with the horizontal tune, the difference in horizontal to vertical tunes, the incoming beam parameters and the geometrical limitation of SIS lattice. A good optimization implies the emittance exchange, due to linear coupling, to take place partially and just before the return of the beamlet back to its original position at the septum. The present work was done by simulation using the code PARMTRA and compared with measurements. The results show that, depending on the working point, the skew injection scheme can improve the MTI efficiency from 2% up to 12%, taking into account the loss on the septum from inside and on the vertical acceptance. |
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| THPS034 | Studies on Electron Cloud Dynamics for an Optimized Space Charge Lens Design | 3493 |
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Funding: Work supported by HIC for FAIR. Space charge lenses using a stable electron cloud for focusing low energy heavy ion beams are an alternative concept to conventional ion optics. Due to external fields electrons are confined inside the lens’ volume. In case of a homogeneously distributed electron cloud the linear electric space charge field enables beam focusing free of aberration. Since the mapping quality of the lens is related to the confinement, non-destructive diagnostics has been developed to determine the plasma parameters and to characterize the collective behavior of the confined nonneutral plasma. Moreover, a scaled up space charge lens was constructed for a detailed investigation of the nonneutral plasma properties as well as beam interactions with a stable confined electron cloud. Experimental results will be presented in comparison with numerical simulations. |
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| THPS035 | Collimator Upgrade Plan of the J-PARC Main Ring | 3496 |
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| A halo collimation system is prepared in the middle of injection-straight section in order to localize the beam loss occurred in main ring. It consists of three collimator units. The first unit scatters halo components, and the other two units work as halo catchers. The permitted amount of beam losses in the collimator section is designed to be 450 W at the present. The upgrade plan of halo collimation system is running in order to achieve about ten times larger beam loss capability for high-power beam operation. The collimator upgrade is planned by installing a new collimator set and radiation shields which cover the collimator section. New collimator units are designed to be able to line-out the jaw with a part of radiation shield including the mechanical devices. The design work of collimator units and radiation shields is presented in this report. | ||
| THPS036 | Development of Thin NCS-foils by N+ Ion Beam Sputtering and Their Characteristics | 3499 |
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| We have developed thin Nitride Carbon Stripper foils (NCS-foil) with a higher nitrogen content by ion beam sputtering method with reactive nitrogen gas. Such NCS-foils have been demonstrated that the foils in range of 10-25 ug/m2 have shown long-lifetime as stripper foil against high intensity heavy ion beam bombardment. From the results, we found that the nitrogen element in the carbon foils plays very important role of the foil lifetime. Therefore, in order to investigate further influence of the lifetime on the nitrogen amount in the NCS-foils, we measured the sputtering yield at the different sputtering angles and carbon source materials. We also measured the ratio of nitrogen in carbon foil made at the different sputtering angles, target materials and the sputtering voltages of 4-15 kV by means of RBS method. The foil-lifetime made in above different conditions was measured with a 3.2 MeV Ne+ ion beam. The lifetime does not essentially depend on the sputtering angles and the target materials, and the maximum and average lifetimes showed 240 and 40 times longer than that of the CM-best foils. | ||
| THPS037 | Performance Characteristics of HBC-foils by 650 KeV H− and DC High Intensity Ion Beam Irradiation | 3502 |
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| Newly developed Hybrid type Boron mixed Carbon stripper foils (HBC-stripper foil) are extensively used for not only J-PARC, for but also LANL-PSR since September of 2007. In order to know further characteristics of the HBC-stripper foils, we measured following parameters; foil lifetimes, thickness reduction, uniformity before and after beam irradiation and foil shrinkage, using 3.2 MeV Ne+ DC beam from TIT-Van de Grraff and 650 keV DC proton beam at KEK Cock-Croft accelerators, which are almost the same energy deposition as well as the J-PARC. We also investigated sputtering yield by hydrogen ion beam, thermal conductivity, weight change in heating and density of the HBC-stripper foils. We compared these values with other tested carbon stripper foils such as commercially available carbon foils (CM-foil), synthetic diamond (DM-foil) and nano-tube carbon foils (NTC-foil). Through these experiments, the HBC-stripper foils showed superior performance characteristics, in especially, on the lifetime at temperature higher than 1800K compared with other tested CM-, DM- and NTC-foils. | ||
| THPS038 | Possibility of longitudinal painting injection with debuncher system in J-PARC linac | 3505 |
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| J-PARC linac is presently operating with the output energy of 181 MeV and providing a negative hydrogen beam to the succeeding 3-GeV synchrotron. To achieve the design beam power of 1 MW from the synchrotron, we plan to upgrade the linac beam energy to 400 MeV. In the energy upgrade, we replace the debuncher system installed between the linac and synchrotron. The main roles of the debuncher system are to correct the momentum jitter and to control the momentum spread at the ring injection. Usually, we don’t assume acceleration or deceleration with the debuncher cavities except for passive momentum jitter correction. However, we are studying the possibility of actively controlling the center momentum with debuncher cavities to enable longitudinal painting injection into the succeeding ring as a potential new feature. If it finds feasible, it would provide an additional tuning knob to mitigate the beam loss in the synchrotron. In this paper, we show a beam dynamics design of the new debuncher system with emphasis on the possibility of its application for the longitudinal painting injection. | ||
| THPS039 | Diffusion of a Circulating Beam by the RF-Knockout with a Spectrum including Many Bands | 3508 |
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| The fast control of beam spill extracted from a synchrotron is a key function for the spot scanning irradiation in cancer therapy application. The authors have proposed the extraction method for the application which uses the control of a quadruple field of fast response as well as the RFKO (QAR method). The RF signal for the RFKO should cover a frequency band corresponding to a tune spread. A simulation with continuous RFKO operation, however, showed a spill intensity changes with time largely with only this band. The large change of spill is due to not uniform diffusion of circulating beam and it makes a constant spill difficult in the QAR method. A wider band gives a uniform spill, but it requires a larger Amp power. We proposed a spectrum including many bands around the resonances to reduce the power, since the bands outside around the resonances do not contribute to the diffusion. Such a spectrum has also an advantage to increase spill intensity for the QAR method, using a band so that the RFKO diffuses more inside particles of the separatrix but also it affects little them near the boundary. We can extract several times particles with a same shrink ratio of the separatrix. | ||
| THPS040 | Measurement of the Stripping Efficiency for HBC Stripper Foil in the 3-GeV RCS of J-PARC | 3511 |
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| We have carried out experimental measurement of the stripping efficiency for the newly developed HBC (Hybrid type Boron doped Carbon) stripper foils. The HBC foil is used for charge-exchange injection in the RCS (Rapid Cycling Synchrotron) of J-PARC (Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex) and plays an important role for the RCS operation. We have developed a rather simple but very precise method using which stripping efficiencies for several HBC foils were determined accurately. Importance of knowing an accurate stripping efficiency so as to determine a realistic stripper foil for the RCS operation will be discussed. | ||
| THPS041 | Design of Beam Transport Line from RCS to Target for CSNS | 3514 |
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| China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) uses the high energy proton beam to strike the Tungsten target to generate neutrons through spallation reaction. The proton beam is extracted from the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS), whose beam power reaches 100 kW. For the sake of target lifetime, beam distribution at the target surface is required as uniform as possible. Nonlinear beam density redistribution method with two octupole magnets has been studied. Also some simulation and theoretical calculation have been done. According to the simulation result, the beam density at the target is optimized and the beam loss is under control. | ||
| THPS042 | Feasibility Studies of the Foil Scattering Extraction in CSNS/RCS | 3517 |
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| A slow extraction based on foil scattering was suggested in the rapid cycling synchrotron of China Spallation Neutron Source for particle calibration. Protons with large scattering angle will be extracted during 2 ms at the end of each beam cycle, via a carbon foil. The feasibility of the extraction scheme is investigated. The extraction efficiency is studied by both single turn and multi-turn simulations with FLUKA and ORBIT, respectively. Beam losses due to multiple scattering to the downstream components are predicted. | ||
| THPS044 | Study of Charge Exchange Injection in HITFiL | 3520 |
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| A new accelerator complex dedicated to hadron cancer therapy, Heavy-Ion Therapy Facility in Lanzhou (HITFiL), is proposed and designed. Based on the operating experience and existing technology on HIRFL-CSR, a heavy-ion cyclotron is used as an injector instead of a linac. A heavy-ion synchrotron as main component is designed with special attention paid to compact structure, high reliability and low cost. HITFiL is designed to accommodate both proton and carbon-ion using the same injecting channel but different injecting points. Charge exchange injection scheme, which is more efficient compared with single-turn injection but less costly compared with multiple multi-turn injection aided by electron-cooling, is adopted. H2+ or C5+ beams, pre-accelerated by the cyclotron, are stripped into H+ or C6+ by a carbon foil at injection point, then injected and merged into synchrotron coasting orbit. The design of the injection system is presented in this paper. The whole injection process is simulated, optimization of parameters on injecting efficiency, painting scheme and emittance growth are performed. The resulting beam distribution in phase space after injection is achieved. | ||
| THPS045 | Beam Emittance Measurement in the Injection Beam Line for a Cyclotron Accelerator Mass Spectrometer | 3523 |
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Funding: This work was supported by National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant No. 20110018946, and also by World Class University project of the NRF. A carbon beam was extracted and measured in the injection beam line built for an accelerator mass spectrometer (AMS) based on a cyclotron. The cyclotron AMS has been designed to realize a compact AMS having a mass resolving power of around 4000 for a negative 14C beam. The beam line is a prototype to ensure the capability to match the beam phase space with the acceptance of the cyclotron. The injection beam line consists of an ion source, Einzel lens, rf buncher, 90 degree dipole magnet and a beam diagnostic box with a slit system. The ion source with a hot filament is a commercial product, and all other elements were designed and built in house. Some measurement results of the beam line components as well as beam emittance will be presented. |
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| THPS046 | Transport Beam Lines for NICA Accelerator Complex | 3526 |
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| In the last years Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) project is being developed by Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russia. The goal of the project is to construct new accelerator complex that will be used for colliding ion beams on first stage and colliding polarized proton/deuteron beams on second stage of the project. NICA accelerator complex will consist of two linear accelerators, two superconducting synchrotrons, two superconducting storage rings of the collider and transport beamlines. Geometry and magnetic system of NICA beamlines are presented in this report. Results of beam dynamics simulations within the beamlines are considered. | ||
| THPS047 | New Injection and Extraction at CRYRING for FLAIR | 3529 |
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| As a preparation for a future transfer of CRYRING to FLAIR at FAIR in Darmstadt, Germany, we have installed and tested a slow extraction system. At FLAIR CRYRING will be used for deceleration of antiprotons from 30 MeV to 0.3 MeV. The tests of the slow extraction show that the beam can be extracted during 2 s with 30-60% efficiency and with rather constant amplitude, apart from noise from 50 Hz harmonics. A new injection system has also been designed. It will be able to inject 30 MeV antiprotons from NESR as well as 0.3 MeV/u ions created in a separate ion source and accelerated in an RFQ. | ||
| THPS048 | Design of Electrostatic Septa and Fast Deflector for MedAustron | 3532 |
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| For the MedAustron facility, under construction in Wiener Neustadt, three electric field deflectors are developed in collaboration with CERN. A fast deflector is used in the Low Energy Beam Transfer line to chop the beam. The chopped beam is swept onto a Faraday cup for measurement purposes and to stop beam being sent towards the synchrotron. Electrostatic septa are used for the multi turn injection of protons and ions as well as for the slow extraction from the synchrotron. Novel design features for MedAustron include an inversed cathode/anode support and high voltage feedthroughs rated at 150 kV. The possibility for a higher voltage will significantly improve the conditioning process of the septa surfaces. This paper describes the requirements of these devices as well as the mechanical design and strategies adopted for their power supplies. | ||
| THPS049 | Feasibility Study of a CERN PS Injection at 2 GeV | 3535 |
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| In the framework of the potential CERN PS Booster (PSB) energy upgrade, a study was initiated to look into the possibilities and constraints to inject protons into the PS at kinetic energies up to 2 GeV, for LHC type beams and other (high intensity) beams. This paper highlights the identified bottlenecks and potential solutions and addresses the resulting requirements for the hardware in the transfer line and injection region of the PS. In conjunction with the proposed upgrade of the PSB-PS transfer line hardware the optics can be changed for different cycles. Optics solutions optimized for the different requirements of LHC type and other beams are presented. | ||
| THPS050 | The High Energy Beam Transport System for the European Spallation Source | 3538 |
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| As part of the accelerator design update for the European Spallation Source (ESS), we present results from a detailed study of the High Energy Beam Transport (HEBT) line. The HEBT is a transport line around 100 m long, which connects the 2.5-GeV linac to the target. The linac will deliver a current of 50 mA, a pulse length of 2 ms and a repetition rate of 20 Hz, and losses are of utmost importance. Presumably, the HEBT will continue the 10 m period focusing structure of the linac. Two bends – overall, achromatic – will be needed to connect the different vertical levels between the linac and the target. A number of design aspects will be discussed here: space for future linac cryostats, the need and location for collimation, the location of the tuning beam dump and the associated beam optics, and the beam expander system, which provide the desired beam footprint on the target (see also separate contribution). A proposed design including options will be described together with hardware specifications. | ||
| THPS051 | Development of Fragmented Low-Z Ion Beams for the NA61 Fixed-target Experiment at the CERN SPS | 3541 |
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| The NA61 experiment, aims to study the properties of the onset of deconfinement at low SPS energies and to find signatures of the critical point of strongly interacting matter. A broad range in T-μB phase diagram will be covered by performing an energy (13A-158A GeV/c) and system size (p+p, Be+Be, Ar+Ca, Xe+La) scan. In a first phase, fragmented ion beams of 7Be or 11C produced as secondaries with the same momentum per nucleon when the incident primary Pb-ion beam hits a thin Be target will be used. The H2 beam line that transports the beam to the experiment acts as a double spectrometer which combined with a new thin target (degrader) where fragments loose energy proportional to the square of their charge allows the separation of the wanted A/Z fragments. Thin scintillators and TOF measurement for the low energy points are used as particle identification devices. In this paper results from the first test of the fragmented ion beam done in 2010 will be presented showing that a pure Be beam can be obtained satisfying the needs of the experiment. | ||
| THPS052 | Studies on Transverse Painting for H− Injection into the PSB | 3544 |
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| Linac4 will inject 160 MeV H− ions in to the CERN PS Booster (PSB). This will allow to reduce space charge effects and increase beam intensity but will require a substantial upgrade of the injection region, with the implementation of a charge-exchange multi-turn injection scheme. The PSB has to provide beam to several users with different requirements in terms of beam intensity and emittance. Four kicker magnets (KSW), which are already installed in the PSB lattice, will be used to accomplish painting in the horizontal phase space to match the injected beams to the required emittances. Double linear functions, with varying slopes for each user, have been defined for the KSW generators waveforms according to detailed beam dynamic studies for all target intensities and emittances. Effect of space charge, injection offsets, dispersion and betatron mismatch have been taken into account. Preliminary studies have been carried out to evaluate how to obtain the required vertical emittance and the option of a transverse painting, also in the vertical plane, is explored. | ||
| THPS053 | Results from the HiRadMat Primary Beam Line Commissioning | 3547 |
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| The High Radiation to Materials facility (HiRadMat) is a new experimental area at CERN, for studies of the impact of high-intensity pulsed beams on accelerator components and materials. The beam is delivered from the SPS by a new primary beam line, which has been constructed during the 2010/11 winter technical stop. The paper summarizes the construction phase and describes the results from the beam line commissioning in spring 2011. Beam parameter and aperture measurements are presented, as well as steering tests. A special emphasis has been put on the handling of the exceptionally flexible beam line optics in the control system. | ||
| THPS054 | Injection and Extraction Considerations for a 2 GeV RCS at CERN | 3550 |
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| Conceptual studies have been made for a 2 GeV RCS at CERN as a possible replacement of the four-ring PS Booster. The lattice design has to accommodate suitable straight sections for a 160 MeV H− charge exchange injection system, and for a 2 GeV fast extraction system. The design constraints for the injection and extraction systems are described, together with the proposed concepts and potential equipment limitations. In particular, the features of different possible H− injection configurations are compared. | ||
| THPS055 | Controlling Beamloss at Injection into the LHC | 3553 |
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| Losses at injection into the superconducting LHC can adversely affect the machine performance in several important ways. The high injected beam intensity and energy mean that precautions must be taken against damage and quenches, including collimators placed close to the beam in the injection regions. Clean injection is essential, to avoid spurious signals on the sensitive beam loss monitoring system which will trigger beam dumps. In addition, the use of the two injection insertions to house downstream high energy physics experiments brings constraints on permitted beam loss levels. In this paper the sources of injection beam loss are discussed together with the contributing factors and various issues experienced in the first full year of LHC operation. Simulations are compared with measurement, and the implemented and planned mitigation measures and diagnostic improvements are described. An outlook for future LHC operation is given. | ||
| THPS057 | Stripping Foil Simulations for ISIS Injection Upgrades | 3556 |
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| ISIS, the pulsed neutron and muon spallation source located at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK), currently delivers a mean beam power of 0.2 MW to target. A 70 MeV H− linear accelerator feeds into a 50 Hz, 800 MeV proton synchrotron (through a 0.3·10-6 m Aluminium Oxide stripping foil), accelerating up to 3·1013 protons per pulse. Potential injection scheme upgrades, aiming to raise average beam power towards 0.5 MW with a new 180 MeV linear accelerator, are being studied. Detailed consideration of the injection stripping foil forms a key element of this study: scattering, stripping efficiency and foil lifetime are significant factors in determining loss levels, which consequently limit operational intensity. This paper describes the identification of a suitable stripping foil specification for successful 180 MeV H− charge exchange injection into the ISIS synchrotron. Simulation code was developed to investigate electron stripping, scattering events and temperature rises, in order to witness their subsequent effect on foil lifetime. ANSYS models were also used to investigate the heat transfer and temperature distribution within thin foils. | ||
| THPS058 | Third Integer Resonance Slow Extraction Using RFKO at High Space Charge. | 3559 |
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| A proposal to search for direct mu->e conversion at Fermilab requires slow, resonant extraction of an intense proton beam. Large space charge forces will present challenges, partly due to the substantial betatron tune spread. The main challenges will be maintaining a uniform spill shape and moderate losses at the septum. We propose to use "radio frequency knockout" (RFKO) for fine tuning the extraction. Strategies for the RFKO method will be discussed here in the context of the mu->e experiment. Feasibility of this method has been demonstrated using simulations. | ||
| THPS059 | Thermo-mechanical Design of Particle-stopping Devices at the High Energy Beamline Sections of the IFMIF/EVEDA Accelerator | 3562 |
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Funding: Work partially supported by Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under project AIC10-A-000441 and ENE2009-11230. The IFMIF/EVEDA linear accelerator is a 9 MeV, D+ prototype for the validation of the 40 MeV final IFMIF design. The high intensity, 125 mA CW, high power beam (1.125 MW) produces an extremely high thermal load in all the elements intercepting the ions. Independently of the final purpose of each device, if its working conditions imply stopping a non-negligible amount of particles, the associated thermal solicitation greatly determines the design constraints. The present work will summarize a thermo-mechanical design workflow that can be applied to any beam facing element of high current accelerators and its application in beam dump, scrappers and slits design. This approach is based on analysis experiences at the IFMIF/EVEDA project and, while taking into account the particularities of each device, uses the same tools and parameter evaluation criteria for all of them. It has been applied successfully to recent designs, effectively reducing the number of iterations before achieving a valid thermo-mechanical behavior. Results of each design and the concrete advantages of this approach will be detailed. |
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| THPS060 | RAM Methodology and Activities for IFMIF Engineering Design | 3565 |
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| IFMIF will be an accelerator-based neutron source to test fusion candidate materials. The Engineering Validation and Engineering Design Activities of IFMIF are aimed to deliver the complete engineering design file of this major facility. Achieving a high level of availability and reliability is a key point for IFMIF mission. A goal of 70% of operational availability has been established. In order to fulfill the availability requirements, RAM has to be considered during the engineering design phase. This paper summarizes the methodology developed and the proposed process aimed at including RAM in the design of IFMIF, as well as the activities performed in this framework. Overall RAM specifications have been defined for IFMIF project. RAM methodology dealing with RAM design guidelines, reliability database and RAM modelization has been developed. As a first step for the iterative process of RAM analysis of IFMIF design, a fault tree model based on a new reliability database has been performed with Risk Spectrum®. The result is a first assessment of the availability and first allocation of RAM requirements. | ||
| THPS062 | Cavity-recirculated Laser Charge Stripping of Hydrogen Ions | 3568 |
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Funding: This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy. High-intensity proton accelerators such as those at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s Spallation Neutron Source require an intense, robust, reliable, and low-cost source of hydrogen ions. Laser-based charge stripping is a promising, high-efficiency method that could meet the requirements of present and future facilities. We are seeking to improve the efficiency of hydrogen ion stripping by an order of magnitude using laser recirculation. In our approach we recirculate a high-power laser using the technique termed recirculation injection by nonlinear gating, with a frequency-doubling nonlinear crystal as an efficient switch that allow pulse injection into the cavity. We present our progress on cavity development and the preliminary experimental assessment of cavity performance in high-radiation environment. Our experimental studies were conducted by irradiating the nonlinear crystal used in the laser cavity by fast neutrons in a research nuclear reactor and measuring its change in transmissivity. |
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| THPS064 | Application of X-band 3.95 MeV Linac X-ray Source for On-site Bridge Inspection | 3571 |
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We developed an X-ray non-destructive (NDT) system for on-site bridge inspection. A portable X-band (9.3-12 GHz) 3.95MeV linear accelerator (linac) has been developed for this system. The system consists of X-ray of 62kg without the target collimeter of 80kg, the RF power source of 62kg and other utility box of 116kg. For the onsite investigation, a flexible waveguide is used for this linac. And the linac is a point X-ray source. For X-ray detection, we chose 8-inch square size scintillation type flat panel detector. The spatial resolution of the detector is as high as 0.2mm, which is manufactured by Perkin Elmer Co. Cd2O2S:Tb is used for the scintillator crystal. The capable radiation energy range is 40keV to 15MeV. In order to realize quick inspection for a bridge, remote control robot which handles and compact X-ray source and detector are desired. Therefore, we developed 3D location system for this robot. The locating system is realized with image processing with its camera. For the operation, stereoscopic radiographic image is taken and analyzed, and computed tomography (CT) image analysis is taken for detailed inspection.
Non-destructive test (NDT) , X-ray Source, X-band, Linac, Detector, Computed Tomography (CT). |
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| THPS065 | Upgraded X-band 950 KeV Linac X-ray Source for On-site Inspection at Petrochemical Complex | 3574 |
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| Abstract―Our portable X-band (9.3GHz) 950KeV linac has been successfully upgraded. The problems of RF power oscillation, beam current oscillation and reduction and finally lack of X-ray intensity were solved by replacing the axial coupling cavities with the side-coupled ones. Designed X-ray dose rate of 0.05 Sv/min@1m is going to be achieved. Length of the accelerating tube is reduced to less than 25 cm. X-ray source part with the local radiation shielding is connected by the flexible waveguide with the box of the 300 kW magnetron and cooling unit. The total system consists of the three suit-case-size units, the last of which is one for the electric power supply. Even on-line dynamic transmission imaging is available by using the high intensity X-ray camera. Demonstration of the measurement of wall thinning of metal pipes with thick thermal shielding is under way. Updated measurement results will be presented. KEYWORDS: portable X-band linac X-ray source, on-site high energy X-ray inspection, petrochemical complex | ||
| THPS066 | Technical Overview of the SIEMENS Particle Therapy Accelerator | 3577 |
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Siemens has developed an accelerator system for particle therapy. It consists of an injector (7 MeV/u protons and light ions) and a compact synchrotron able to accelerate proton beams up to 250 MeV and carbon ions up to 430 MeV/u. These beams are extracted slowly from the synchrotron and delivered to a number of beam ports. The first accelerator system has been built and commissioned up to the first two beam outlets. An overview of the achieved performance of the system is presented.
*Particle therapy is a work in progress and requires country-specific regulatory approval prior to clinical use. |
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| THPS067 | The TOP-IMPLART Project | 3580 |
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| The TOP-IMPLART project, developed by ENEA, the Italian National Institute of Health (ISS) and Regina Elena National Cancer Institute-IFO-Rome is devoted to the realization of a proton therapy centre to be sited at IFO, based on a sequence of linear accelerators and designed with three treatment rooms: one with a 150 MeV beam for shallow tumors and two with a 230 MeV beam for deep tumors. The first part of the acronym remarks the heritage from the TOP Project developed in 1998-2005 by ISS and ENEA, whilst the second part (“Intensity Modulated Proton Linear Accelerator for RadioTherapy”) exploits the possibility to perform a highly conformational therapy based on spatial and intensity modulation of the beam. The segment up to 150 MeV, funded by the Italian “Regione Lazio” for 11M€ over four years, is under installation at ENEA-Frascati for its validation before the transfer to IFO. The low energy part is also used as a facility for radiobiology experiments in the framework of a satellite program foreseeing cells irradiation at 7 MeV with a vertical and horizontal beam and small animal irradiation with a 17.5 MeV horizontal beam. The status of the Project is presented. | ||
| THPS068 | A Proton Therapy Test Facility: The Radiation Protection Design | 3583 |
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| A proton therapy test facility is planned to be sited in the Frascati ENEA Research Center, in Italy. A 30 m long, 3 m wide bunker has to be designed to host a proton linear accelerator with a low beam current, lower than 10 nA in average, and an energy up to 150 MeV. The accelerator will be part of the TOP-IMPLART project for deep tumors treatment. The design of the 150 MeV accelerator is under study and the radiation protection solutions are considered in this phase. The linear accelerator has some safety advantages if compared to cyclotrons and synchrotrons. It can be easily housed in the long, narrow tunnel. The main radiation losses during the acceleration process occur below 20 MeV, with a low neutron production. As a consequence the barriers needed should be substantially lighter than the one used for other types of machines. In the paper the simulation models and the calculation performed with Monte Carlo codes are described. The related results are presented together with those assessed by using published experimental data. Considerations about workers and population protection are issued in the conclusions. | ||
| THPS069 | Particle Beam Characteristics Verification for Patient Treatment at CNAO | 3586 |
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| At Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica (CNAO) in Pavia, Italy, a synchrotron has been designed to treat tumor with protons and ions delivered with a full active delivery system. Several pencil beams with appropriate energy are steered in sequence to the right positions inside the tumor volume covering it totally. Several beam characteristics have to be deeply known in order to be able to deliver a safe patient treatment. CNAO is now able to send beam in the treatment room and the Dose Delivery system is in the commissioning phase. Dose Delivery system, composed by beam monitoring and scanning magnets, manages the treatment with high precision in real time. The dose delivery system functions and components will be presented. Beam characteristic are studied by means of several detectors and verification systems in the treatment room to guarantee the quality of the treatment. Quality is checked in terms of pencil beam characteristics and characteristic of the overall dose in the treatment fields. The detector used and the results of the measurements will be shown. | ||
| THPS070 | Status Report of the CNAO Construction and Commissioning | 3589 |
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| The CNAO (National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy) is the first Italian center for deep hadrontherapy. The main accelerator is a synchrotron, based on the PIMMS design, capable to accelerate carbon ions up to 400 MeV/u and protons up to 250 MeV. Four treatment lines, in three treatment rooms, are foreseen in a first stage. The CNAO facility, has been designed for a completely active beam delivery system, in which a pencil beam is scanned transversely and the extracted beam energy can be changed on a spill to spill basis. The commissioning of the synchrotron started in August 2010. At the beginning of 2011 the first Spread Out Bragg Peaks with proton beams in the energy range 120-170 MeV/u, matching the first foreseen treatments, have been measured. The commissioning of the machine with protons has now been completed and authorisation to treatment of patients has been obtained from the competent authorities. The commissioning with carbon ions is in progress. | ||
| THPS071 | The HIMAC Beam-intensity Control System for Heavy-ion Scanning | 3592 |
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| Raster scanning irradiation has been carried out at a HIMAC new treatment facility in NIRS. In order to reduce the difference between prescribed and delivered dose distribution, the accurate beam-intensity control with a low ripple and the fast beam-on/off switching are strongly required. For this purpose, we have developed a new beam-intensity control system using the RF-knockout slow extraction. To keep the beam rate constant, this system controls the transverse RF voltage with the feedback proportional-integral control. In addition, the beam-on/off response was improved by the fast quadrupole magnets and the implementation of the transverse beam preheating method. As a result of the system commissioning, it was verified that this system can modulate the beam-intensity with a low ripple and switch the beam-on/off with quick responses. We will report the result in detail. | ||
| THPS072 | Commissioning of NIRS Fast Scanning System for Heavy-ion Therapy | 3595 |
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| The commissioning of NIRS fast scanning system was started in September 2010, when the first beam was successfully delivered from the HIMAC synchrotron to the new treatment room. After the fine tuning of the new transport line, the commissioning of the scanning system was carried out as following steps; 1) verification of the beam size, position and intensity stability; 2) verification of beam scanning performance and calibration; 3) verification of beam monitor performance; 4) dose measurement of pencil beams for the beam parameterization in the treatment planning system; and 5) verification of 3D dose conformation. As a result of the commissioning, we verified that the new scanning delivery system can produce an accurate 3D dose distribution for the target volume in combination with the planning software. We will report the commissioning results and the performance of the scanning system. | ||
| THPS073 | Dosimetric Impact of Multiple Energy Operation in Carbon-ion Radiotherapy | 3598 |
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| In radiotherapy with a scanned carbon beam, its Bragg peak is placed within the target volume either by inserting the range shifter plates or by changing the beam energy extracted from the synchrotron. The former method (range shifter scanning: RS) is adopted in NIRS while the latter method (active energy scanning: ES) has been used in GSI and HIT. In NIRS, an intermediate method, a combination scanning (CS), is now under consideration where eleven beam energies having the ranges with 30 mm intervals are prepared and used in conjunction with the range shifter plates for slighter range shift. The disadvantages of the RS are the beam spread due to the multiple scattering within the range shifter plates and the production of fragment particles through the nuclear reactions within them. On the other hand, for the ES, severely time-consuming beam commissioning and the expensive devices are required. In this study, we compare these three methods from the viewpoint of dose distributions and the impacts for clinical cases will be discussed. | ||
| THPS074 | Design of Superconducting Rotating-gantry for Heavy-ion Therapy | 3601 |
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| Tumor therapy using energetic carbon ions, as provided by the HIMAC, has been performed since June 1994, and more than 5000 patients were treated until now. With the successful clinical results, we constructed a new treatment facility. The new facility has three treatment rooms; two of them have both horizontal and vertical fixed-irradiation-ports, and the other has a rotating-gantry-port. For all the ports, a scanning-irradiation method is applied. The fixed-irradiation-ports were constructed and commissioned, and we are now designing the rotating gantry. This isocentric rotating-gantry can transport heavy ions having 430 MeV/u to the isocenter with irradiation angles of 0-360 degrees. For the magnets, combined-function superconducting-magnets will be employed. The use of the superconducting magnets allowed us to design the compact gantry; the length and radius of the gantry would be approximately 12m and 5m, which are comparable to those of the existing proton gantries. A part of the superconducting magnets will be constructed within this fiscal year. The design of the rotating gantry, including the beam optics as well as details of the superconducting magnets, will be presented. | ||
| THPS075 | Recent Progress of New Cancer Therapy Facility at HIMAC | 3604 |
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| Since 1994, the carbon beam treatment has been continued at Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC). The total number of patients treated is more than 5,000 in 2010. Based on more than ten years of experience with HIMAC, we have developed new treatment equipments toward adaptive cancer therapy with heavy ion at New Particle Therapy Research Facility in NIRS. | ||
| THPS076 | Sub-mm Therapeutic Carbon-Ion Irradiation Port in Gunma University | 3607 |
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Funding: This Study was done by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI). One of advantage of particle therapy is concentration of irradiation dose. In April 2011, we developed "in-body-focusing type" irradiation port for "Proof-of-Principle" . This sub-mm port produces 1mm(1σ) beam. we will explain this irradion port at the conference. |
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| THPS077 | Compact Superconducting Synchrocyclotrons at Magnetic Field Level of up to 10 T for Proton and Carbon Therapy | 3610 |
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| Based on brief analysis of accelerators widely used for proton-ion therapy and patient cure during last 20 years the feasibility and importance of compact superconducting synchrocyclotrons operating at magnetic field level up to 10 T is outlined. The main component of modern commercial facility for proton-ion therapy is an isochronous cyclotron with room temperature or superconducting coils accelerating protons up to 250 MeV as well as synchrotron accelerating carbon ions up to 400 MeV/A. Usually ions are delivered from accelerator into the treatment room by transport lines. Irradiation is done by system of pointed to the patient magnets, collimators, energy degraders which are attached to the rotating Gantry. To greatly reduce price of facility (almost in one order of magnitude) and to simplify operational conditions of hospital personal it is proposed to provide iso-centric rotation of compact superconducting synchrocyclotron around the patient. Main physical and technical parameters are described in the paper. | ||
| THPS078 | Medical Applications of INR Proton Linac | 3613 |
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| The main parameters of INR proton linac are suitable for several medical applications. The isotope laboratory of INR is now producing Sr-82 for PET diagnostics in cardiology and the first proton therapy treatment room is now being tested. This treatment room was designed for the therapy of tumors of different sizes and localizations, the patient position can be either sitting or lying. The combination of scatterers and collimators makes the formed beam profile at the isocenter insensitive to the initial beam profile in the transport channel. During the linac run for medicine at the end of 2010 the proton beams with energies of 120-209 MeV have been shown to fulfilled the medical requirements. Due to high maximal intensity of the proton beam, the brachytherapy source activation and the neutron therapy can become other applications of the facility. It is possible to use the parasitic neutrons, arising at the isotope laboratory or at some installations of the experimental complex, for the activation of medical sources with ytterbium or other nuclides, for the neutron therapy and even for the boron or gadolinium neutron-capture therapy of radio-resistant tumors. | ||
| THPS079 | Vacuum-insulation Tandem Accelerator for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy | 3615 |
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Novel powerful electrostatic vacuum-insulation tandem accelerator had been proposed* and created at BINP. A 2 MeV 3 mA dc proton beam is obtained. Neutrons are generated by 7Li(p,n)7Be reaction in the near threshold mode**. Epithermal neutron flux is formed for the development of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) of malignant tumors. In this report results on proton beam obtaining, neutron flux generation and in vitro investigation are presented and discussed. This accelerator based neutron source looks like a prototype of compact inexpensive epithermal neutron source for the spread of BNCT. Plans on BNCT realization are declared. Also the facility is used for the development of nuclear resonance absorption technique for nitrogen detection, and for the investigation of neutronless fusion. First, 9.17-MeV gamma rays are generated by 13C(p,gamma)14N reaction at 1.76 MeV protons***. Second, we are ready to measure alfa particles energy spectrum of p+11B reaction.
* Bayanov et al., NIM A 413 (1998) 397-426. ** Kuznetsov et al., Technical Physics Letters 35/8 (2009) 1-6. *** Kuznetsov et al., NIM A 606 (2009) 238-242. |
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| THPS080 | The New Bern Cyclotron Laboratory for Radioisotope Production and Research | 3618 |
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| A new cyclotron laboratory for radioisotope production and multi-disciplinary research is under construction in Bern and will be operational by the end of 2011. A commercial IBA 18 MeV proton cyclotron, equipped with a specifically conceived 6 m long external beam line, ending in a separate bunker, will provide beams for routine 18-F production as well as for novel detector, radiation biophysics, radioprotection, radiochemistry and radiopharmacy developments. The accelerator is embedded into a complex building which hosts two physics laboratories, four GMP radiochemistry and radiopharmacy laboratories, offices and two floors for patient treatment and clinical research activities. This project is the result of a successful collaboration among the University Hospital in Bern (Inselspital), the University of Bern and private investors, aiming at the constitution of a combined medical and research center able to provide the most cutting-edge technologies in medical imaging and cancer radiation therapy. For this purpose, the establishment of a proton therapy center on the campus of Inselspital is in the phase of advanced study. | ||
| THPS081 | Design Choices of the MedAustron Nozzles and Proton Gantry based on Modeling of Particle Scattering | 3621 |
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| MedAustron, the Austrian hadron therapy center is currently under construction. Irradiations will be performed using active scanning with a proton or carbon ion pencil beam which is subject to scattering in vacuum windows, beam monitors and air gap. For applications where sharp lateral beam penumbras are required in order to spare critical organs from unwanted dose, scattering should be minimal. A semi-empirical scattering model has been established to evaluate beam size growth at the patient due to upstream scattering. Major design choices for proton gantry and nozzle based on the scattering calculations are presented. | ||
| THPS082 | Dose-homogeneity Driven Beam Delivery System Performance Requirements for MedAustron | 3624 |
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| MedAustron, the Austrian hadron therapy center is currently under construction. Irradiation will be performed using active scanning with proton or carbon ion pencil beams. Major beam delivery system contributors to dose heterogeneities during active scanning are evaluated: beam position, beam size and spot weight errors. Their individual and combined effect on the dose distribution is quantified, using semi-analytical models of lateral beam spread in the nozzle and target and depth-dose curves for protons and carbon ions. Deduced requirements on critical parts of the beam delivery system are presented. Preventive and active methods to suppress the impact of beam delivery inaccuracies are proposed. | ||
| THPS083 | Two-channel Mode of Mo-99 Production at an Electron Accelerator | 3627 |
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| High-energy bremsstrahlung is the main source of isotopic target activation at an electron accelerator. The photoneutrons concurrently generated are generally considered as a background radiation. At the same time, the natural materials entering into photonuclear targets sometimes comprise a mixture of stable isotopes, the atomic-number difference of which equals 2. Thus, if the desired isotope has an intermediate mass, then at certain conditions, it can be produced on two target nuclei at once, via (γ,n) and (n,γ) channels. As an example, we investigate the possibility of increasing the yield of 99Mo by means of its simultaneous production from 100Mo(γ,n)99Mo and 98Mo(n,γ)99Mo reactions. The method and the device have been developed to provide measurements of the 99Mo yield from the natural molybdenum target as it is placed inside the neutron moderator and without the latter. Experiments were performed at the NSC KIPT accelerator LU-40m at electron energies ranging from 30 to 60 MeV. It is demonstrated that the use of the moderator gives nearly a 30% increase in the 99Mo yield. The experimental results are in good agreement with the computer simulation data. | ||
| THPS084 | Modification of the PENELOPE Transport System for HS Simulation of Isotope Production Mode | 3630 |
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| A method has been developed for high-speed computing the photonuclear isotope yield along with the absorbed radiation power in exit devices of electron accelerator. The technique involves a step-by-step calculation of isotope microyield along the photon trajectories. The approach has been realized in the computer programs based on the PENELOPE system of -2001, -2006 and -2008 versions. For their benchmarking, use has been made of the experimental data on activity distributions of the 67Cu produced from 68Zn(γ,p)67Cu reaction in thick zinc targets. The results of simulation using the PENELOPE-2006 and -2008 codes are in excellent agreement with all experimental data. At the same time, the PENELOPE-2001 computations give good agreement with the experimental results for target activation by the electron beam, but systematically underestimate (~15%) in case of the target exposed to bremsstrahlung. The proposed technique provides a ~ 104 times higher computation speed as compared with the direct Monte Carlo simulation of photonuclear events and that speed is independent of the reaction cross section. | ||
| THPS086 | Compact Beam Delivery Systems for Ion Beam Therapy | 3633 |
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Funding: Work supported by the United States Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 In this paper we present a coil winding concept for a large aperture, combined-function 90 degree magnet that allows for a significantly more compact carbon ion gantry. The winding concept enables the reduction in the size and weight of the magnet without compromising the important beam transport properties. Alternatively, a small aperture gantry requires a post-gantry scanner. We present a compact design for a post-gantry point-to-parallel scanning system. |
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| THPS087 | Engineering Prototype for a Compact Medical Dielectric Wall Accelerator | 3636 |
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Funding: Prepared by LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The Compact Particle Accelerator Corporation has developed an architecture to produce pulsed proton bunches that will be suitable for proton treatment of cancers. Subsystems include a RFQ injection system with a pulsed kicker to select the desired proton bunches and a linear accelerator incorporating a High Gradient Insulator with stacked Blumleins to produce the required voltage. The Blumleins are switched with solid state laser driven optical switches that are an integral part of the Blumlein assemblies. Other subsystems include a laser, a fiber optic distribution system, an electrical charging system and beam diagnostics. An engineering prototype has been constructed and it has been fully characterized. Results obtained from the engineering prototype support the development of an extremely compact 150 MeV system capable of modulating energy, beam current and spot size on a shot to shot basis within the next two years. The paper will detail the construction of the engineering prototype and discuss experimental results. In addition, future development milestones and commercialization plans will also be discussed. |
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| THPS088 | LHC Beam Impact on Materials Considering the Time Structure of the Beam | 3639 |
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| The LHC is the world's largest and highest energy accelerator. Two counter-rotating beams can be accelerated up to 7 TeV and kept colliding for several hours. The energy stored in each beam is up to 362MJ, enough to melt 500 kg of copper. A fast loss of a small fraction of the beam can cause damage to a superconducting coil in a magnet. Primary beam collimators, one of the most robust parts of the machine protection, can be damaged with about 5% of the beam. An accident involving the entire beam is very unlikely but cannot be fully excluded. Understanding the consequences of such accidents is fundamental for the machine protection. Detailed numerical simulations have been carried out to assess the damage caused by full LHC beam impact on solid Cu and C cylinders. The energy loss of the protons is calculated with the FLUKA code and this data is used as input to a 2D hydrodynamic code BIG2, to study the thermodynamic and hydrodynamic response of the material. Since the target parameters change substantially during the time of impact, a new approach of running the two codes iteratively, has been developed. In this paper the results are presented and compared with the previous studies. | ||
| THPS089 | Application of Particle Accelerators to Study High Energy Density Physics in the Laboratory | 3642 |
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High Energy Density (HED) Physics spans over wide areas of basic and applied physics. Strongly bunched high quality intense particle beams are an excellent tool to generate HED matter in the laboratory. Over the past decade, we have carried out extensive theoretical work to design HED physics experiments for the future FAIR facility at Darmstadt. These experiments will be carried out to study the equation-of-state properties of HED matter*, interiors of the Giant planets**, growth of hydrodynamic instabilities in solids and ideal fluids in the linear and the non-linear regimes*** as well as the solid constitutive properties of materials of interest under dynamic conditions.
* N.A. Tahir et al., PRL 95 (2005) 135004. ** N.A. Tahir et al., New J. Phys. 12 (2010) 073022. *** N.A. Tahir et al., Phys. Plasmas 18 (2011) 032704. |
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| THPS090 | Development of the Pulse Radiolysis System with a Supercontinuum Radiation using Photonic Crystal Fiber | 3645 |
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Funding: Work supported by JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) 10001690 In usage of radiation, it is important to study the process of chemical effects of ionizing radiation in a material. Pulse radiolysis is a method to trace these rapid initial chemical reactions by ionizing radiation. As a pump beam, we are using 5MeV electron beam produced from the S-band photo cathode RF-Gun. In nanosecond timescale pulse radiolysis, it is required the stable probe light of a broad spectrum. And especially in picosecond timescale pulse radiolysis, probe light should have short pulse width to use stroboscopic method. Therefore, in order to develop a wide range of timescale experimental system, we have been developing a Supercontinuum (SC) light as a probe light, which is generated by nonlinear optical process of short pulse IR laser in photonic crystal fiber (PCF). As a result, the SC light spectrum is broad enough to use as a probe light. Then we tried to measure the absorption spectrum of hydrated electron by SC light, we successfully observed good signal-noise ratio data both nanosecond and picosecond experiment with unified pulse radiolysis system. In this conference, we will report details of these results and future prospects. |
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| THPS091 | Scientific Feasibility of Fusion Material Irradiation Experiments in ESS-B | 3648 |
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| Material irradiation by protons is capable of simulating the effects of fusion neutrons (14 MeV, target damaging and He & H production) with a reasonably fast dose rate, according to theoretical calculations and previous experiments. Therefore, given that the ESS-Bilbao (ESS-B) accelerator, under construction in Bilbao, will provide an intense source of 50 MeV protons, with total currents of a few mA’s, a laboratory for fusion material testing is proposed. This paper appraises the scientific feasibility of performing fusion relevant experiments in the proposed laboratory. Material characterization under proton irradiation (by in-beam techniques to assess mechanical properties) while monitoring mechanical, micro-structural and compositional changes of the irradiated materials are some of the laboratory goals. Special emphasis is placed on expected radiation damage parameters in structural and functional materials, the beam power deposition in the sample and the consequences of material activation for the laboratory design. | ||
| THPS092 | Conceptual Design of the ESS-Bilbao Materials Irradiation Laboratory | 3651 |
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Funding: ESS-Bilbao The baseline design for the first stage of the ESS-Bilbao proton linear accelerator up to 50 MeV is almost concluded and the linac is at present under construction. Three main application laboratories have been envisaged in this first stage: two proton irradiation laboratories and a low intensity neutron source. In particular, the high intensity proton beam of 50 MeV will be used to test structural materials for fusion reactors* under project named “Protons for Materials” (P4M), described in this contribution. The P4M irradiation room will be an underground facility located at the accelerator's tunnel depth. High levels of activation are expected in this irradiation room and its design presents challenges in both remote handling and independent operation from the other two surface laboratories. Thermal analysis of the beam power deposition over the target will be presented. K. Konashyetal, Sci. Rep. RITU, A45(1997), pp.111-114. |
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| THPS094 | New Approaches in High Power RFQ Technology | 3654 |
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| There is a clear tendency for the utilization of continuous wave c.w. high power RFQs in a huge variety of applications like nuclear waste transmutation or material research. They can serve as injectors for the production of secondary particles like neutrons or rare isotopes and can be applied for post acceleration of the latter ones. These RF-structures have to withstand an enormous amount of RF-power dissipated on the surfaces (up to several 10s kW per meter) and the associated thermal load. NTG Company gained lots of experience especially in the field of 4-rod c.w. RFQ design. Most recent developments to handle such high RF-power dissipation shall be reported. | ||
| THPS095 | Q-factor of an Open Resonator for a Compact Soft X-ray Source based on Thomson Scattering of Stimulated Coherent Diffraction Radiation | 3657 |
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| High-brightness and reliable sources in the VUV and the soft X-ray region may be used for numerous applications in such areas as medicine, biology, biochemistry, material science, etc. We have proposed a new approach to produce the intense beams of X-rays in the range of eV based on Thomson scattering of Coherent Diffraction Radiation (CDR) on a 43 MeV electron beam. CDR is generated when a charged particle moves in the vicinity of an obstacle. The radiation is coherent when its wavelength is comparable to or longer than the bunch length. The CDR waves are generated in an opened resonator formed by two mirrors. In this report the status of the experiment, the first CDR measurements at the multibunch beam of the LUCX facility and general hardware design will be reported. | ||
| THPS096 | Neutron-physical Characteristics of the Subcritical Setup with Natural Uranium Blanket Bombarded by 4 GeV Deuterons | 3660 |
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| An extended U/Pb-assembly was irradiated with an extracted beam of 4 GeV deuterons from the Nuclotron accelerator at the JINR, Dubna, Russia. Information on the spatial distributions of neutrons in the lead target and the uranium blanket was obtained with sets of activation detectors (natPb and natU) and solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTD). Spatial distribution of the natPb, and natU fission reaction rates in the volume of the target and blanket installation were obtained using SSNTD techniques. Activation method was used to obtain the spatial distributions of 238U(n,g), 238U(n,f) reactions rates. The procedure of combining the track counting and gamma-spectrometry techniques for the determination of spectral indices is a new development. It includes gathering information from the same sample by SSNTD methods, i.e., counting the fission tracks of 238U, and also by gamma-spectrometry of 239Np production. Sets of spectral indices values (ratio of 238U(n,g) to 238U(n,f) reaction rates), representing the integral nuclear data were defined. Comparison between the experimental data and the calculations performed with the use of the computer numerical code FLUKA2008 was made. | ||
| THPS098 | Compact Gamma-ray Source for Non-destructive Detection of Nuclear Material in Cargo | 3663 |
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Funding: This work is supported by Strategic Funds for Promotion of Science and Technology (Grant No. 066). A mono-energetic gamma-ray source based on laser Compton scattering is under development for non-destructive detection of nuclear material in cargo. In the detection system, we employ nuclear resonance fluorescence triggered by mono-energetic gamma-rays tuned at the resonance energy of nuclear material such as U-235. As a prototype, a 150-MeV microtron combined with a YAG laser to produce a 400-keV gamma ray is constructed at JAEA, where critical technologies are to be demonstrated for high-flux gamma-ray generation, 3x105 ph/s. We also start to design a microtron at higher energy, 250 MeV, to produce a 2-MeV gamma-ray, which is required for the detection of U-235. |
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| THPS099 | Design Study of a Nuclear Material Detection System Based on a Quasi Monochromatic Gamma Ray Generator and a Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence Gamma Ray Detection System | 3666 |
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Funding: This work was partially supported by Special Coordination Funds for romoting Science and Technology in Japan, Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence (NRF) measurement is a powerful tool for isotope detection for the homeland security such as a nondestructive measurement of containers at airports or harbors and detection or identification of special nuclear materials. In this paper, we will discuss on basic design of a quasi-monochromatic gamma-ray generator based on the backward Compton scattering of laser light on high-energy electrons and an NRF gamma ray detection system using a high-speed scintillation detector. |
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| THPS101 | Present and Perspectives of the Sparc THz Source | 3669 |
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| The development of radiation sources in the THz spectral region has become more and more interesting because of the peculiar characteristics of this radiation: it is non ionizing, it penetrates dielectrics, it is highly absorbed by polar liquids, highly reflected by metals and reveals specific "fingerprint" absorption spectra arising from fundamentals physical processes. The THz source at SPARC is an accelerator based source for research investigations (e.g. material science, biology fields). Its measured peak power is of the order of 108 W, very competitive with respect to other present sources. The present status of the source is presented and future perspectives are presented. | ||
| THPS102 | Novel Schemes for the Narrow Band Sparc THz Source using a Comb like e-beam | 3672 |
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| The development of radiation sources in the THz spectral region has become more and more interesting because of the peculiar characteristics of this radiation: it is non ionizing, it penetrates dielectrics, it is highly absorbed by polar liquids, highly reflected by metals and reveals specific "fingerprint" absorption spectra arising from fundamentals physical processes. The THz source at SPARC is an accelerator based source for research investigations (e.g. material science, biology fields). By means of e-beam manipulation technique, a longitudinal modulated beam, the so-called comb beam, can be produced at Sparc. In terms of THz sources, such e-beam distribution allows to produce high intensitiy narrow band THz radiation, whose spectrum strongly depends on the charge distribution inside the e-beam. Different linac schemes are compared. In particular, spectra obtained using the comb-beam compression through velocity bunching including a IV harmonic RF section is showed. | ||
| THPS103 | The Proton Engineering Frontier Project: Status and Prospect of Proton Beam Utilization | 3675 |
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Funding: This work has been supported by the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology, Republic of Korea. A 100-MeV, 20-mA high intensity proton linac is to be constructed in 2012 by the PEFP (Proton Engineering Frontier Project) of the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, which was started in 2002 with three main objectives; development of high intensity proton linac, development of proton beam utilization technologies, and industrialization of developed technologies. Proton beams with variable energy and current can be provided to the users from various research and application fields such as nano-, bio-, semiconductor-, space-, radiation-, environment-technologies and medical- and basic sciences, etc. through 10 targets rooms, which are assigned specific application fields to meet various user’s beam requirements. Following a brief introduction to the accelerator development, multiple beamline development and the construction works, we will review the achievements of our user program which have been operated over the past 8 years to cultivate and foster proton beam users and beam utilization technologies in diverse R&D fields. In addition, we will discuss the perspectives of the beam utilization in conjunction with design and construction of user facilities. |
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| THPS104 | Radio-activation Effect of Target Rooms for PEFP's 20~100 MeV Linear Accelerator | 3678 |
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Funding: This work was conducted as a part of the Proton Engineering Frontier Project supported by the Ministry of Education Science & Technology of Korea Government. PEFP (Proton Engineering Frontier Project) has developed a 20~100 MeV/20 mA proton linear accelerator, proton beam utilization technology and accelerator applications, in order to acquire core technologies which are essential to develop future science and secure the industrial competitiveness. In the experimental hall, 10 target rooms will be constructed for the research of radioisotopes, material, medical, neutron source, etc. In the irradiation experiments using proton beam of more than a few MeV energy, radio-activation of targets and equipments can be essentially caused by the proton induced nuclear reactions. Highly radioactive samples occasionally makesome problems or inconveniences concerning with sample handling and post-treatment because we have to wait for the samples to be cooled down under the safe value for radiation protection. So we estimated proton beam irradiation condition of each target room and used samples including equipments, then we calculated radio-activation of each target room by using Monte Carlo N-particle Transport Code. |
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