ICALEPCS2015 - List of Keywords (real-time)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOM310	Nonlinear System Identification of Superconducting Magnets of RHIC at BNL	superconducting-magnet, diagnostics, collider, booster	90
	P. Chitnis Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA K.A. Brown BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The Quench Detection System (QDS) of RHIC detects the Superconducting (SC) magnet quenches by voltage sensing. The real-time voltage across the SC magnet is compared with a predicted voltage from a behavioral model, a deviation from which triggers the quench event and energy extraction. Due to the limitations of the magnet model, many false quench events are generated that affect the RHIC availability. This work is targeted towards remodeling the magnets through nonlinear system identification for the improvement in QDS reliability. The nonlinear electrical behavior of the SC magnets is investigated by statistical data analysis of magnet current and voltage signals. Many data cleaning techniques are employed to reduce the noise in the observed data. Piecewise regression has been used to examine the saturation effects in magnet inductance. The goodness-of-fit of the model is assessed by field testing and comprehensive residual analysis. Finally a new model is suggested for the magnets to be implemented for more accurate results.
	Slides MOM310 [0.826 MB]
	Poster MOM310 [0.985 MB]
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MOPGF015	Fast Wire Scanner Upgrade for LCLS	controls, emittance, interface, EPICS	114
	J.M. D'Ewart, M.L. Campell, P. Krejcik, H. Loos, K. Luchini SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	Wire scanners are a main diagnostic tool for transverse beam size and emittance measurements at LCLS. The original SLAC wire scanners were not optimized for speed (taking minutes to scan), and can't perform at the desired level of position resolution necessary for measuring LCLS' small beam size. A new fast wire scanner, based on a dc linear servo motor, has been designed and installed in the LCLS. The new fast wire scanner has several advantages over the original wire scanner: scan times are reduced from minutes to seconds while minimizing wire vibrations. Rather than counting open-loop step pulses, the new fast wire scanner uses real time position capture for beam synchronous sampling of the wire position, enhancing beam profile accuracy.
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MOPGF024	Testing Framework for the LHC Beam-based Feedback System	framework, software, feedback, hardware	140
	S. Jackson, D. Alves, L. Di Giulio, K. Fuchsberger, B. Kolad, E. Pedersen CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	During the first LHC shut-down period, software for the LHC Beam-based Feedback Controller (BFC) and Service Unit (BFSU) was migrated to new 64-bit multi-core hardware and to a new version of CERN's FESA3 real-time framework. This coincided with the transfer of responsibility to a new software team, charged with readying the systems for beam in 2015 as well as maintaining and improving the code-base in the future. In order to facilitate the comprehension of the system's 90'000+ existing lines of code, a new testing framework was developed which would not only serve to define the system's functional specification, but also provide acceptance tests for future releases. This paper presents how the BFC and BFSU systems were decoupled from each other as well as from the LHC plant's measurement and correction systems, thus allowing simulation-data driven instances to be deployed in a test environment. It also describes the resulting Java-based domain-specific language (DSL) which, when employed in JUnit, allows the formation of repeatable acceptance tests.
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MOPGF025	Enhancing the Detector Control System of the CMS Experiment with Object Oriented Modelling	software, toolkit, experiment, software-architecture	145
	R.J. Jiménez Estupiñán, A. Andronidis, O. Chaze, C. Deldicque, M. Dobson, A.D. Dupont, D. Gigi, F. Glege, J. Hegeman, M. Janulis, L. Masetti, F. Meijers, E. Meschi, S. Morovic, C. Nunez-Barranco-Fernandez, L. Orsini, A. Petrucci, A. Racz, P. Roberts, H. Sakulin, C. Schwick, B. Stieger, S. Zaza, P. Zejdl CERN, Geneva, Switzerland J.M. Andre, R.K. Mommsen, V. O'Dell, P. Zejdl Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA U. Behrens DESY, Hamburg, Germany J. Branson, S. Cittolin, A. Holzner, M. Pieri UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA G.L. Darlea, G. Gomez-Ceballos, C. Paus, K. Sumorok, J. Veverka MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA S. Erhan UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA O. Holme ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
	WinCC Open Architecture (WinCC OA) is used at CERN as the solution for many control system developments. This product models the process variables in structures known as data points and offers a custom procedural scripting language, called Control Language (CTRL). CTRL is also the language to program functionality of the native user interfaces (UI) and is used by the WinCC OA based CERN control system frameworks. CTRL does not support object oriented (OO) modeling by default. A lower level OO application programming interface (API) is provided, but requires significantly more expertise and development effort than CTRL. The Detector Control System group of the CMS experiment has developed CMSfwClass, a programming toolkit which adds OO behavior to the data points and CTRL. CMSfwClass reduces the semantic gap between high level software design and the application domain. It increases maintainability, encapsulation, reusability and abstraction. This paper presents the details of the implementation as well as the benefits and use cases of CMSfwClass.
	Poster MOPGF025 [1.441 MB]
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MOPGF027	Real-Time EtherCAT Driver for EPICS and Embedded Linux at Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI)	EPICS, controls, Linux, interface	153
	D. Maier-Manojlovic PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	EtherCAT bus and interface are widely used for external module and device control in accelerator environments at PSI, ranging from undulator communication, over basic I/O control to Machine Protection System for the new SwissFEL accelerator. A new combined EPICS/Linux driver has been developed at PSI, to allow for simple and mostly automatic setup of various EtherCAT configurations. The new driver is capable of automatic scanning of the existing device and module layout, followed by self-configuration and finally autonomous operation of the EtherCAT bus real-time loop. If additional configuration is needed, the driver offers both user- and kernel-space APIs, as well as the command line interface for fast configuration or reading/writing the module entries. The EtherCAT modules and their data objects (entries) are completely exposed by the driver, with each entry corresponding to a virtual file in the Linux procfs file system. This way, any user application can read or write the EtherCAT entries in a simple manner, even without using any of the supplied APIs. Finally, the driver offers EPICS interface with automatic template generation from the scanned EtherCAT configuration.
	Poster MOPGF027 [30.577 MB]
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MOPGF092	Integration of the TRACK Beam Dynamics Model to Decrease LINAC Tuning Times	simulation, controls, emittance, database	291
	C.E. Peters, C. Dickerson, F. Garcia, M.A. Power ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
	Funding: This work is supported by the U.S. DOE, Office of Nuclear Physics, contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. This research used resources of ANLs ATLAS facility, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility The Accelerator R&D Group within the Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) Physics Division maintains a beam dynamics model named TRACK. This simulation code has the potential to assist operators in visualizing key performance parameters of the Argonne Tandem Linear Accelerating System (ATLAS). By having real-time access to visual and animated models of the particle beam transverse and longitudinal phase spaces, operators can more quickly iterate to a final machine tune. However, this effort requires a seamless integration into the control system, both to extract initial run-time information from the accelerator, and to present the simulation results back to the users. This paper presents efforts to pre-process, batch execute, and visualize TRACK particle beam physics simulations in real-time via the ATLAS Control System.
	Poster MOPGF092 [2.203 MB]
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MOPGF093	Real-time Beam Loading Compensation for Single SRF Cavity LLRF Regulation	LLRF, cavity, detector, feedback	295
	I. Rutkowski, M. Grzegrzólka Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw, Poland Ł. Butkowski, Ch. Schmidt DESY, Hamburg, Germany M. Kuntzsch HZDR, Dresden, Germany
	Stable and reproducible generation of a photon beam at Free Electron Lasers (FELs) necessitates a low energy spread of the electron beam. A low level radio frequency (LLRF) control system stabilizes the RF field inside accelerating modules. An electron beam passing through the cavity induces a drop in the actual stored field proportional to the charge, the cavity shunt impedance, and the bunch repetition rate. The feedback loop compensates for the perturbation after the accelerating gradient drops. Due to the digital loop delay and limited bandwidth of the closed loop system, this disturbance induces control errors which can increase beam energy spread. An open-loop controller uses information obtained from the beam diagnostic systems accounting in real-time for fluctuations of the beam current. This paper describes the bunch charge detection scheme, its implementation, as well as results of the tests performed on the ELBE (Electron Linac for beams with high Brilliance and low Emittance) radiation source at the HZDR (Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf) facility.
	Poster MOPGF093 [4.051 MB]
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MOPGF136	ADaMS 3: An Enhanced Access Control System for CERN	controls, interface, GUI, target	401
	P. Martel, Ch. Delamare, G. Godineau, R. Nunes CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	ADaMS is CERN's Access Distribution and Management System. It evaluates access authorizations to more than 400 zones and for more than 35k persons. Although accesses are granted based on a combination of training courses followed, administrative authorizations and the radio-protection situation of an individual, the policies and technicalities are constantly evolving along with the laboratory's activities; the current version of ADaMS is based on a 7 year old design, and is starting to show its limits. A new version of ADaMS (3) will allow improved coordination with CERN's scheduling and planning tools (used heavily during technical shutdowns, for instance), will allow CERN's training catalog to change without impacting access management and will simplify and reduce the administrative workload of granting access. The new version will provide enhanced self-services to end users by focusing on access points (the physical barriers) instead of safety zones. ADaMS 3 will be able to cope better with changing and new requirements, as well as the multiplication of access points. The project requires the cooperation of a dozen services at CERN, and should take 18 months to develop.
	Poster MOPGF136 [1.263 MB]
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MOPGF143	Integration of Heterogeneous Access Control Functionalities Using the New Generation of NI cRIO 903x Controllers	controls, software, LabView, database	424
	F. Valentini, T. Hakulinen, L. Hammouti, P. Ninin CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Engineering of Personnel Protection Systems (PPS) in large research facilities, such CERN, represents nowadays a major challenge in terms of requirements for safety and access control functionalities. PPS are usually conceived as two separate independent entities: a Safety System dealing with machine interlocks and subject to rigid safe-ty standards (e.g. IEC-61508); and a conventional Access Control System made by integration of different COTS technologies. The latter provides a large palette of func-tionalities and tools intended either to assist users access-ing the controlled areas, either to automate a certain number of control room operator's tasks. In this paper we analyse the benefits in terms of performance, cost and system maintainability of adopting the new generation of NI multipurpose CRIO 903x controllers. These new de-vices allows an optimal integration of a large set of access control functionalities, namely: automatic control of mo-torized devices, identification/count of users in zone, im-plementation of dedicated anti-intrusion algorithms, graphical display of relevant information for local users, and remote control/monitoring for control room opera-tors.
	Poster MOPGF143 [3.045 MB]
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TUD3O05	Integrating Control Applications into Different Control Systems	controls, EPICS, software, status	581
	M. Killenberg, M. Hierholzer, Ch. Schmidt DESY, Hamburg, Germany S. Marsching Aquenos GmbH, Baden-Baden, Germany J. Wychowaniak TUL-DMCS, Łódź, Poland
	Funding: This work is supported by the Helmholtz Validation Fund HVF-0016 "MTCA.4 for Industry". Porting complex device servers from one control system to another is often a major effort due to the strong code coupling of the business logic to control system data structures. Together with its partners from the Helmholtz Association and from industry, DESY is developing a control system adapter. It allows to write applications in a control system independent way, while still being able to update the process variables and react on control system triggers. We report on the status of the project and the experience we gained trying to write portable device servers.
	Slides TUD3O05 [0.628 MB]
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WEC3O02	The Phase-Locked Loop Algorithm of the Function Generation/Controller	controls, timing, Ethernet, network	624
	M. Magrans de Abril, Q. King, R. Murillo-Garcia CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	This paper describes the phase-locked loop algorithms that are used by the real-time power converter controllers at CERN. The algorithms allow the recovery of the machine time and events received by an embedded controller through WorldFIP or Ethernet-based fieldbuses. During normal operation, the algorithm provides less than 10 μs of time precision and 0.5 μs of clock jitter for the WorldFIP case, and less than 2.5 μs of time precision and 40 ns of clock jitter for the Ethernet case.
	Slides WEC3O02 [1.459 MB]
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WED3O01	MASSIVE: an HPC Collaboration to Underpin Synchrotron Science	experiment, synchrotron, software, scattering	640
	W.J. Goscinski Monash University, Faculty of Science, Clayton, Victoria, Australia K. Bambery, C.J. Hall, A. Maksimenko, S. Panjikar, D. Paterson, C.G. Ryan, M. Tobin ASCo, Clayton, Victoria, Australia C.U. Felzmann SLSA, Clayton, Australia C. Hines, P. McIntosh Monash University, Clayton, Australia D.A. Thompson CSIRO ATNF, Epping, Australia
	MASSIVE is the Australian specialised High Performance Computing facility for imaging and visualisation. The project is a collaboration between Monash University, Australian Synchrotron and CSIRO. MASSIVE underpins a range of advanced instruments, with a particular focus on Australian Synchrotron beamlines. This paper will report on the outcomes of the MASSIVE project since 2011, in particular focusing on instrument integration, and interactive access. MASSIVE has developed a unique capability that supports an increasing number of researchers generating and processing instrument data. The facility runs an instrument integration program to help facilities move data to an HPC environment and provide in-experiment data processing. This capability is best demonstrated at the Imaging and Medical Beamline where fast CT reconstruction and visualisation is now essential to performing effective experiments. The MASSIVE Desktop provides an easy method for researchers to begin using HPC, and is now an essential tool for scientists working with large datasets, including large images and other types of instrument data.
	Slides WED3O01 [28.297 MB]
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WEPGF036	Data Categorization and Storage Strategies at RHIC	Linux, network, software, collider	775
	S. Binello, K.A. Brown, T. D'Ottavio, R.A. Katz, J.S. Laster, J. Morris, J. Piacentino BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy. This past year the Controls group within the Collider Accelerator Department at Brookhaven National Laboratory replaced the Network Attached Storage (NAS) system that is used to store software and data critical to the operation of the accelerators. The NAS also serves as the initial repository for all logged data. This purchase was used as an opportunity to categorize the data we store, and review and evaluate our storage strategies. This was done in the context of an existing policy that places no explicit limits on the amount of data that users can log, no limits on the amount of time that the data is retained at its original resolution, and that requires all logged data be available in real-time. This paper will describe how the data was categorized, and the various storage strategies used for each category.
	Poster WEPGF036 [0.295 MB]
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WEPGF059	The Australian Store. Synchrotron Data Management Service for Macromolecular Crystallography	synchrotron, data-management, experiment, interface	830
	G.R. Meyer, S. Androulakis, P.J. Bertling, A.M. Buckle, W.J. Goscinski, D. Groenewegen, C. Hines, A. Kannan, S. McGowan, S.M. Quenette, J. Rigby, P. Splawa-Neyman, J.M. Wettenhall Monash University, Clayton, Australia D. Aragao, T. Caradoc-Davies, N. Mudie SLSA, Clayton, Australia C.S. Bond University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
	Store. Synchrotron is a service for management and publication of diffraction data from the macromolecular crystallography (MX) beamlines of the Australian Synchrotron. Since the start of the development, in 2013, the service has handled over 51.8 TB of raw data (~ 4.1 million files). Raw data and autoprocessing results are made available securely via the web and SFTP so experimenters can sync it to their labs for further analysis. With the goal of becoming a large public repository of raw diffraction data, a guided publishing workflow which optionally captures discipline specific information was built. The MX-specific workflow links PDB coordinates from the PDB to raw data. An optionally embargoed DOI is created for convenient citation. This repository will be a valuable tool for crystallography software developers. To support complex projects, integration of other instruments such as microscopes is underway. We developed an application that captures any data from instrument computers, enabling centralised data management without the need for custom ingestion workflows. The next step is to integrate the hosted data with interactive processing and analysis tools on virtual desktops.
	Poster WEPGF059 [2.177 MB]
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WEPGF102	Solving the Synchronization Problem in Multi-Core Embedded Real-Time Systems	operation, controls, embedded, hardware	942
	F. Hoguin, S. Deghaye CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Multi-core CPUs have become the standard in embedded real-time systems. In such systems, where several tasks run simultaneously, developers can no longer rely on high priority tasks blocking low priority tasks. In typical control systems, low priority tasks are dedicated to receiving settings from the control room, and high priority real-time tasks, triggered by external events, control the underlying hardware based on these settings. Settings' correctness is of paramount importance and they must be modified atomically from a real-time task point of view. This is not feasible in multi-core environments using classic double-buffer approaches, mainly because real-time tasks can overlap, preventing buffer swaps. Other common synchronization solutions involving locking critical sections introduce unpredictable jitter on real-time tasks, which is not acceptable in CERN's control system. A lock-free, wait-free solution to this problem based on a triple buffer, guaranteeing atomicity no matter the number of concurrent tasks, is presented. The only drawback is potential synchronization delay on contention. This solution has been implemented and tested in CERN's real-time C++ framework.
	Poster WEPGF102 [0.437 MB]
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WEPGF106	CCLIBS: The CERN Power Converter Control Libraries	controls, timing, software, operation	950
	Q. King, K.T. Lebioda, M. Magrans de Abril, M. Martino, R. Murillo-Garcia CERN, Geneva, Switzerland A. Nicoletti EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
	Accurate control of power converters is a vital activity in large physics projects. Several different control scenarios may coexist, including regulation of a circuit's voltage, current, or field strength within a magnet. Depending on the type of facility, a circuit's reference value may be changed asynchronously or synchronously with other circuits. Synchronous changes may be on demand or under the control of a cyclic timing system. In other cases, the reference may be calculated in real-time by an outer regulation loop of some other quantity, such as the tune of the beam in a synchrotron. The power stage may be unipolar or bipolar in voltage and current. If it is unipolar in current, it may be used with a polarity switch. Depending on the design, the power stage may be controlled by a firing angle or PWM duty-cycle reference, or a voltage or current reference. All these different cases are supported by the CERN Converter Control Libraries (CCLIBS), which are open-source C libraries that include advanced reference generation and regulation algorithms. This paper introduces the libraries and reviews their origins, current status and future.
	Poster WEPGF106 [2.801 MB]
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WEPGF122	Real-Time Performance Improvements and Consideration of Parallel Processing for Beam Synchronous Acquisition (BSA)	EPICS, timing, linac, data-acquisition	992
	K.H. Kim, S. Allison, T. Straumann, E. Williams SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science under Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515 for LCLS I and LCLS II. Beam Synchronous Acquisition (BSA) provides a common infrastructure for aligning data to each individual beam pulse, as required by the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). BSA allows 20 independent acquisitions simultaneously for the entire LCLS facility and is used extensively for beam physics, machine diagnostics and operation. BSA is designed as part of LCLS timing system and is currently an EPICS record based implementation, allowing timing receiver EPICS applications to easily add BSA functionality to their own record processing. However, the non-real-time performance of EPICS record processing and the increasing number of BSA devices has brought real-time performance issues. The major reason for the performance problem is likely due to the lack of separation between time-critical BSA upstream processing and non-critical downstream processing. BSA is being improved with thread level programming, breaking the global lock in each BSA device, adding a queue between upstream and downstream processing, and moving out the non-critical downstream to a lower priority worker thread. The use of multiple worker threads for parallel processing in SMP systems is also being investigated.
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WEPGF135	Using the Vaadin Web Framework for Developing Rich Accelerator Controls User Interfaces	controls, framework, GUI, interface	1025
	K.A. Brown, T. D'Ottavio, W. Fu, S. Nemesure BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy Applications used for Collider-Accelerator Controls at Brookhaven National Laboratory typically run as console level programs on a Linux operating system. One essential requirement for accelerator controls applications is bidirectional synchronized IO data communication. Several new web frameworks (Vaadin, GXT, node.js, etc.) have made it possible to develop web based Accelerator Controls applications that provide all the features of console based UI applications that includes bidirectional IO. Web based applications give users flexibility by providing an architecture independent domain for running applications. Security is established by restricting access to users within the local network while not limiting this access strictly to Linux consoles. Additionally, the web framework provides the opportunity to develop mobile device applications that makes it convenient for users to access information while away from the office. This paper explores the feasibility of using the Vaadin web framework for developing UI applications for Collider-Accelerator controls at Brookhaven National Laboratory.
	Poster WEPGF135 [0.990 MB]
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THHA2I01	Developing Distributed Hard-Real Time Software Systems Using FPGAs and Soft Cores	FPGA, controls, software, distributed	1073
	T. Włostowski, J. Serrano CERN, Geneva, Switzerland F. Vaga University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
	Hard real-time systems guarantee by design that no deadline is ever missed. In a distributed environment such as particle accelerators, there is often the extra requirement of having diverse real-time systems synchronize to each other. Implementations on top of general-purpose multi-tasking operating systems such as Linux generally suffer from lack of full control of the platform. On the other hand, solutions based on logic inside FPGAs can result in long development cycles. A mid-way approach is presented which allows fast software development yet guarantees full control of the timing of the execution. The solution involves using soft cores inside FPGAs, running single tasks without interrupts and without an operating system underneath. Two CERN developments are presented, both based on a unique free and open source HDL core comprising a parameterizable number of CPUs, logic to synchronize them and message queues to communicate with the local host and with remote systems. This development environment is being offered as a service to fill the gap between Linux-based solutions and full-hardware implementations.
	Slides THHA2I01 [2.530 MB]
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THHB2O01	Preliminary Design of a Real-Time Hardware Architecture for eRHIC	hardware, Ethernet, controls, software	1099
	R.J. Michnoff, P. Cerniglia, M.R. Costanzo, R.L. Hulsart, J.P. Jamilkowski, W.E. Pekrul, Z. Sorrell, C. Theisen BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The 3.8 km circumference Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at BNL has been in operation since 2000. An electron-ion collider (eRHIC), which is in the design phase, plans to use one of the existing ion rings and new electron rings constructed in the existing tunnel to provide collisions of up to 21.2 GeV electrons with up to 100 GeV gold ions, 250 GeV polarized protons, as well as other species. Many new real-time systems will be required to satisfy the needs of eRHIC, including over 2000 beam position monitors, 1000 beam loss monitors, 18 current monitors, feedback systems, controls for about 10,000 power supplies, machine protection system, new beam timing systems, and more. The selected architecture must be flexible, expandable, cost-effective, reliable, and easy to maintain. Interface with existing and new accelerator timing systems is required, and compatibility with existing infrastructure and equipment must be maintained. Embedded modules based on the Xilinx Zynq gate array, with direct Ethernet connection and on-board Linux, housed in multi-slot chassis (VME, VPX, TCA, etc.) is under consideration. Preliminary design concepts for the architecture will be presented.
	Slides THHB2O01 [7.739 MB]
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THHB3O02	Real-Time Data Reduction Integrated into Instrument Control Software	controls, CORBA, software, network	1115
	P. Mutti, F. Cecillon, C. Cocho, A. Elaazzouzi, Y. Le Goc, J. Locatelli, H. Ortiz ILL, Grenoble, France
	The increasing complexity of the experimental activity and the growing raw dataset collected during the measurements pushed the integration of the data reduction software within the instrument control. On-line raw data reduction allows users to take instant decisions based on the physical quantities they are looking for. In such a way, beam time is optimised avoiding oversampling. Moreover, the datasets are more consistent and the reduction procedure, becoming now part of the sequencer workflow, is well documented and can be saved for future use. A server and a client API that allows starting and monitoring the reduction procedures on remote machines and finally get their results, was designed. The implementation of the on-line data reduction on several instruments at the ILL as well as on the obtained performances, will be reported in this paper.
	Slides THHB3O02 [4.458 MB]
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Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOM310

Nonlinear System Identification of Superconducting Magnets of RHIC at BNL

superconducting-magnet, diagnostics, collider, booster

90

P. Chitnis
Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
K.A. Brown
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The Quench Detection System (QDS) of RHIC detects the Superconducting (SC) magnet quenches by voltage sensing. The real-time voltage across the SC magnet is compared with a predicted voltage from a behavioral model, a deviation from which triggers the quench event and energy extraction. Due to the limitations of the magnet model, many false quench events are generated that affect the RHIC availability. This work is targeted towards remodeling the magnets through nonlinear system identification for the improvement in QDS reliability. The nonlinear electrical behavior of the SC magnets is investigated by statistical data analysis of magnet current and voltage signals. Many data cleaning techniques are employed to reduce the noise in the observed data. Piecewise regression has been used to examine the saturation effects in magnet inductance. The goodness-of-fit of the model is assessed by field testing and comprehensive residual analysis. Finally a new model is suggested for the magnets to be implemented for more accurate results.

Slides MOM310 [0.826 MB]

Poster MOM310 [0.985 MB]

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MOPGF015

Fast Wire Scanner Upgrade for LCLS

controls, emittance, interface, EPICS

114

J.M. D'Ewart, M.L. Campell, P. Krejcik, H. Loos, K. Luchini
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Wire scanners are a main diagnostic tool for transverse beam size and emittance measurements at LCLS. The original SLAC wire scanners were not optimized for speed (taking minutes to scan), and can't perform at the desired level of position resolution necessary for measuring LCLS' small beam size. A new fast wire scanner, based on a dc linear servo motor, has been designed and installed in the LCLS. The new fast wire scanner has several advantages over the original wire scanner: scan times are reduced from minutes to seconds while minimizing wire vibrations. Rather than counting open-loop step pulses, the new fast wire scanner uses real time position capture for beam synchronous sampling of the wire position, enhancing beam profile accuracy.

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MOPGF024

Testing Framework for the LHC Beam-based Feedback System

framework, software, feedback, hardware

140

S. Jackson, D. Alves, L. Di Giulio, K. Fuchsberger, B. Kolad, E. Pedersen
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

During the first LHC shut-down period, software for the LHC Beam-based Feedback Controller (BFC) and Service Unit (BFSU) was migrated to new 64-bit multi-core hardware and to a new version of CERN's FESA3 real-time framework. This coincided with the transfer of responsibility to a new software team, charged with readying the systems for beam in 2015 as well as maintaining and improving the code-base in the future. In order to facilitate the comprehension of the system's 90'000+ existing lines of code, a new testing framework was developed which would not only serve to define the system's functional specification, but also provide acceptance tests for future releases. This paper presents how the BFC and BFSU systems were decoupled from each other as well as from the LHC plant's measurement and correction systems, thus allowing simulation-data driven instances to be deployed in a test environment. It also describes the resulting Java-based domain-specific language (DSL) which, when employed in JUnit, allows the formation of repeatable acceptance tests.

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MOPGF025

Enhancing the Detector Control System of the CMS Experiment with Object Oriented Modelling

software, toolkit, experiment, software-architecture

145

R.J. Jiménez Estupiñán, A. Andronidis, O. Chaze, C. Deldicque, M. Dobson, A.D. Dupont, D. Gigi, F. Glege, J. Hegeman, M. Janulis, L. Masetti, F. Meijers, E. Meschi, S. Morovic, C. Nunez-Barranco-Fernandez, L. Orsini, A. Petrucci, A. Racz, P. Roberts, H. Sakulin, C. Schwick, B. Stieger, S. Zaza, P. Zejdl
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
J.M. Andre, R.K. Mommsen, V. O'Dell, P. Zejdl
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
U. Behrens
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
J. Branson, S. Cittolin, A. Holzner, M. Pieri
UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
G.L. Darlea, G. Gomez-Ceballos, C. Paus, K. Sumorok, J. Veverka
MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
S. Erhan
UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
O. Holme
ETH, Zurich, Switzerland

WinCC Open Architecture (WinCC OA) is used at CERN as the solution for many control system developments. This product models the process variables in structures known as data points and offers a custom procedural scripting language, called Control Language (CTRL). CTRL is also the language to program functionality of the native user interfaces (UI) and is used by the WinCC OA based CERN control system frameworks. CTRL does not support object oriented (OO) modeling by default. A lower level OO application programming interface (API) is provided, but requires significantly more expertise and development effort than CTRL. The Detector Control System group of the CMS experiment has developed CMSfwClass, a programming toolkit which adds OO behavior to the data points and CTRL. CMSfwClass reduces the semantic gap between high level software design and the application domain. It increases maintainability, encapsulation, reusability and abstraction. This paper presents the details of the implementation as well as the benefits and use cases of CMSfwClass.

Poster MOPGF025 [1.441 MB]

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MOPGF027

Real-Time EtherCAT Driver for EPICS and Embedded Linux at Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI)

EPICS, controls, Linux, interface

153

D. Maier-Manojlovic
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

EtherCAT bus and interface are widely used for external module and device control in accelerator environments at PSI, ranging from undulator communication, over basic I/O control to Machine Protection System for the new SwissFEL accelerator. A new combined EPICS/Linux driver has been developed at PSI, to allow for simple and mostly automatic setup of various EtherCAT configurations. The new driver is capable of automatic scanning of the existing device and module layout, followed by self-configuration and finally autonomous operation of the EtherCAT bus real-time loop. If additional configuration is needed, the driver offers both user- and kernel-space APIs, as well as the command line interface for fast configuration or reading/writing the module entries. The EtherCAT modules and their data objects (entries) are completely exposed by the driver, with each entry corresponding to a virtual file in the Linux procfs file system. This way, any user application can read or write the EtherCAT entries in a simple manner, even without using any of the supplied APIs. Finally, the driver offers EPICS interface with automatic template generation from the scanned EtherCAT configuration.

Poster MOPGF027 [30.577 MB]

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MOPGF092

Integration of the TRACK Beam Dynamics Model to Decrease LINAC Tuning Times

simulation, controls, emittance, database

291

C.E. Peters, C. Dickerson, F. Garcia, M.A. Power
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA

Funding: This work is supported by the U.S. DOE, Office of Nuclear Physics, contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. This research used resources of ANLs ATLAS facility, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility
The Accelerator R&D Group within the Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) Physics Division maintains a beam dynamics model named TRACK. This simulation code has the potential to assist operators in visualizing key performance parameters of the Argonne Tandem Linear Accelerating System (ATLAS). By having real-time access to visual and animated models of the particle beam transverse and longitudinal phase spaces, operators can more quickly iterate to a final machine tune. However, this effort requires a seamless integration into the control system, both to extract initial run-time information from the accelerator, and to present the simulation results back to the users. This paper presents efforts to pre-process, batch execute, and visualize TRACK particle beam physics simulations in real-time via the ATLAS Control System.

Poster MOPGF092 [2.203 MB]

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MOPGF093

Real-time Beam Loading Compensation for Single SRF Cavity LLRF Regulation

LLRF, cavity, detector, feedback

295

I. Rutkowski, M. Grzegrzólka
Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw, Poland
Ł. Butkowski, Ch. Schmidt
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
M. Kuntzsch
HZDR, Dresden, Germany

Stable and reproducible generation of a photon beam at Free Electron Lasers (FELs) necessitates a low energy spread of the electron beam. A low level radio frequency (LLRF) control system stabilizes the RF field inside accelerating modules. An electron beam passing through the cavity induces a drop in the actual stored field proportional to the charge, the cavity shunt impedance, and the bunch repetition rate. The feedback loop compensates for the perturbation after the accelerating gradient drops. Due to the digital loop delay and limited bandwidth of the closed loop system, this disturbance induces control errors which can increase beam energy spread. An open-loop controller uses information obtained from the beam diagnostic systems accounting in real-time for fluctuations of the beam current. This paper describes the bunch charge detection scheme, its implementation, as well as results of the tests performed on the ELBE (Electron Linac for beams with high Brilliance and low Emittance) radiation source at the HZDR (Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf) facility.

Poster MOPGF093 [4.051 MB]

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MOPGF136

ADaMS 3: An Enhanced Access Control System for CERN

controls, interface, GUI, target

401

P. Martel, Ch. Delamare, G. Godineau, R. Nunes
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

ADaMS is CERN's Access Distribution and Management System. It evaluates access authorizations to more than 400 zones and for more than 35k persons. Although accesses are granted based on a combination of training courses followed, administrative authorizations and the radio-protection situation of an individual, the policies and technicalities are constantly evolving along with the laboratory's activities; the current version of ADaMS is based on a 7 year old design, and is starting to show its limits. A new version of ADaMS (3) will allow improved coordination with CERN's scheduling and planning tools (used heavily during technical shutdowns, for instance), will allow CERN's training catalog to change without impacting access management and will simplify and reduce the administrative workload of granting access. The new version will provide enhanced self-services to end users by focusing on access points (the physical barriers) instead of safety zones. ADaMS 3 will be able to cope better with changing and new requirements, as well as the multiplication of access points. The project requires the cooperation of a dozen services at CERN, and should take 18 months to develop.

Poster MOPGF136 [1.263 MB]

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MOPGF143

Integration of Heterogeneous Access Control Functionalities Using the New Generation of NI cRIO 903x Controllers

controls, software, LabView, database

424

F. Valentini, T. Hakulinen, L. Hammouti, P. Ninin
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Engineering of Personnel Protection Systems (PPS) in large research facilities, such CERN, represents nowadays a major challenge in terms of requirements for safety and access control functionalities. PPS are usually conceived as two separate independent entities: a Safety System dealing with machine interlocks and subject to rigid safe-ty standards (e.g. IEC-61508); and a conventional Access Control System made by integration of different COTS technologies. The latter provides a large palette of func-tionalities and tools intended either to assist users access-ing the controlled areas, either to automate a certain number of control room operator's tasks. In this paper we analyse the benefits in terms of performance, cost and system maintainability of adopting the new generation of NI multipurpose CRIO 903x controllers. These new de-vices allows an optimal integration of a large set of access control functionalities, namely: automatic control of mo-torized devices, identification/count of users in zone, im-plementation of dedicated anti-intrusion algorithms, graphical display of relevant information for local users, and remote control/monitoring for control room opera-tors.

Poster MOPGF143 [3.045 MB]

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TUD3O05

Integrating Control Applications into Different Control Systems

controls, EPICS, software, status

581

M. Killenberg, M. Hierholzer, Ch. Schmidt
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
S. Marsching
Aquenos GmbH, Baden-Baden, Germany
J. Wychowaniak
TUL-DMCS, Łódź, Poland

Funding: This work is supported by the Helmholtz Validation Fund HVF-0016 "MTCA.4 for Industry".
Porting complex device servers from one control system to another is often a major effort due to the strong code coupling of the business logic to control system data structures. Together with its partners from the Helmholtz Association and from industry, DESY is developing a control system adapter. It allows to write applications in a control system independent way, while still being able to update the process variables and react on control system triggers. We report on the status of the project and the experience we gained trying to write portable device servers.

Slides TUD3O05 [0.628 MB]

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WEC3O02

The Phase-Locked Loop Algorithm of the Function Generation/Controller

controls, timing, Ethernet, network

624

M. Magrans de Abril, Q. King, R. Murillo-Garcia
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

This paper describes the phase-locked loop algorithms that are used by the real-time power converter controllers at CERN. The algorithms allow the recovery of the machine time and events received by an embedded controller through WorldFIP or Ethernet-based fieldbuses. During normal operation, the algorithm provides less than 10 μs of time precision and 0.5 μs of clock jitter for the WorldFIP case, and less than 2.5 μs of time precision and 40 ns of clock jitter for the Ethernet case.

Slides WEC3O02 [1.459 MB]

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WED3O01

MASSIVE: an HPC Collaboration to Underpin Synchrotron Science

experiment, synchrotron, software, scattering

640

W.J. Goscinski
Monash University, Faculty of Science, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
K. Bambery, C.J. Hall, A. Maksimenko, S. Panjikar, D. Paterson, C.G. Ryan, M. Tobin
ASCo, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
C.U. Felzmann
SLSA, Clayton, Australia
C. Hines, P. McIntosh
Monash University, Clayton, Australia
D.A. Thompson
CSIRO ATNF, Epping, Australia

MASSIVE is the Australian specialised High Performance Computing facility for imaging and visualisation. The project is a collaboration between Monash University, Australian Synchrotron and CSIRO. MASSIVE underpins a range of advanced instruments, with a particular focus on Australian Synchrotron beamlines. This paper will report on the outcomes of the MASSIVE project since 2011, in particular focusing on instrument integration, and interactive access. MASSIVE has developed a unique capability that supports an increasing number of researchers generating and processing instrument data. The facility runs an instrument integration program to help facilities move data to an HPC environment and provide in-experiment data processing. This capability is best demonstrated at the Imaging and Medical Beamline where fast CT reconstruction and visualisation is now essential to performing effective experiments. The MASSIVE Desktop provides an easy method for researchers to begin using HPC, and is now an essential tool for scientists working with large datasets, including large images and other types of instrument data.

Slides WED3O01 [28.297 MB]

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WEPGF036

Data Categorization and Storage Strategies at RHIC

Linux, network, software, collider

775

S. Binello, K.A. Brown, T. D'Ottavio, R.A. Katz, J.S. Laster, J. Morris, J. Piacentino
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
This past year the Controls group within the Collider Accelerator Department at Brookhaven National Laboratory replaced the Network Attached Storage (NAS) system that is used to store software and data critical to the operation of the accelerators. The NAS also serves as the initial repository for all logged data. This purchase was used as an opportunity to categorize the data we store, and review and evaluate our storage strategies. This was done in the context of an existing policy that places no explicit limits on the amount of data that users can log, no limits on the amount of time that the data is retained at its original resolution, and that requires all logged data be available in real-time. This paper will describe how the data was categorized, and the various storage strategies used for each category.

Poster WEPGF036 [0.295 MB]

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WEPGF059

The Australian Store. Synchrotron Data Management Service for Macromolecular Crystallography

synchrotron, data-management, experiment, interface

830

G.R. Meyer, S. Androulakis, P.J. Bertling, A.M. Buckle, W.J. Goscinski, D. Groenewegen, C. Hines, A. Kannan, S. McGowan, S.M. Quenette, J. Rigby, P. Splawa-Neyman, J.M. Wettenhall
Monash University, Clayton, Australia
D. Aragao, T. Caradoc-Davies, N. Mudie
SLSA, Clayton, Australia
C.S. Bond
University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia

Store. Synchrotron is a service for management and publication of diffraction data from the macromolecular crystallography (MX) beamlines of the Australian Synchrotron. Since the start of the development, in 2013, the service has handled over 51.8 TB of raw data (~ 4.1 million files). Raw data and autoprocessing results are made available securely via the web and SFTP so experimenters can sync it to their labs for further analysis. With the goal of becoming a large public repository of raw diffraction data, a guided publishing workflow which optionally captures discipline specific information was built. The MX-specific workflow links PDB coordinates from the PDB to raw data. An optionally embargoed DOI is created for convenient citation. This repository will be a valuable tool for crystallography software developers. To support complex projects, integration of other instruments such as microscopes is underway. We developed an application that captures any data from instrument computers, enabling centralised data management without the need for custom ingestion workflows. The next step is to integrate the hosted data with interactive processing and analysis tools on virtual desktops.

Poster WEPGF059 [2.177 MB]

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WEPGF102

Solving the Synchronization Problem in Multi-Core Embedded Real-Time Systems

operation, controls, embedded, hardware

942

F. Hoguin, S. Deghaye
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Multi-core CPUs have become the standard in embedded real-time systems. In such systems, where several tasks run simultaneously, developers can no longer rely on high priority tasks blocking low priority tasks. In typical control systems, low priority tasks are dedicated to receiving settings from the control room, and high priority real-time tasks, triggered by external events, control the underlying hardware based on these settings. Settings' correctness is of paramount importance and they must be modified atomically from a real-time task point of view. This is not feasible in multi-core environments using classic double-buffer approaches, mainly because real-time tasks can overlap, preventing buffer swaps. Other common synchronization solutions involving locking critical sections introduce unpredictable jitter on real-time tasks, which is not acceptable in CERN's control system. A lock-free, wait-free solution to this problem based on a triple buffer, guaranteeing atomicity no matter the number of concurrent tasks, is presented. The only drawback is potential synchronization delay on contention. This solution has been implemented and tested in CERN's real-time C++ framework.

Poster WEPGF102 [0.437 MB]

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WEPGF106

CCLIBS: The CERN Power Converter Control Libraries

controls, timing, software, operation

950

Q. King, K.T. Lebioda, M. Magrans de Abril, M. Martino, R. Murillo-Garcia
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
A. Nicoletti
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland

Accurate control of power converters is a vital activity in large physics projects. Several different control scenarios may coexist, including regulation of a circuit's voltage, current, or field strength within a magnet. Depending on the type of facility, a circuit's reference value may be changed asynchronously or synchronously with other circuits. Synchronous changes may be on demand or under the control of a cyclic timing system. In other cases, the reference may be calculated in real-time by an outer regulation loop of some other quantity, such as the tune of the beam in a synchrotron. The power stage may be unipolar or bipolar in voltage and current. If it is unipolar in current, it may be used with a polarity switch. Depending on the design, the power stage may be controlled by a firing angle or PWM duty-cycle reference, or a voltage or current reference. All these different cases are supported by the CERN Converter Control Libraries (CCLIBS), which are open-source C libraries that include advanced reference generation and regulation algorithms. This paper introduces the libraries and reviews their origins, current status and future.

Poster WEPGF106 [2.801 MB]

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WEPGF122

Real-Time Performance Improvements and Consideration of Parallel Processing for Beam Synchronous Acquisition (BSA)

EPICS, timing, linac, data-acquisition

992

K.H. Kim, S. Allison, T. Straumann, E. Williams
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Funding: Work supported by the the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science under Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515 for LCLS I and LCLS II.
Beam Synchronous Acquisition (BSA) provides a common infrastructure for aligning data to each individual beam pulse, as required by the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). BSA allows 20 independent acquisitions simultaneously for the entire LCLS facility and is used extensively for beam physics, machine diagnostics and operation. BSA is designed as part of LCLS timing system and is currently an EPICS record based implementation, allowing timing receiver EPICS applications to easily add BSA functionality to their own record processing. However, the non-real-time performance of EPICS record processing and the increasing number of BSA devices has brought real-time performance issues. The major reason for the performance problem is likely due to the lack of separation between time-critical BSA upstream processing and non-critical downstream processing. BSA is being improved with thread level programming, breaking the global lock in each BSA device, adding a queue between upstream and downstream processing, and moving out the non-critical downstream to a lower priority worker thread. The use of multiple worker threads for parallel processing in SMP systems is also being investigated.

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WEPGF135

Using the Vaadin Web Framework for Developing Rich Accelerator Controls User Interfaces

controls, framework, GUI, interface

1025

K.A. Brown, T. D'Ottavio, W. Fu, S. Nemesure
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy
Applications used for Collider-Accelerator Controls at Brookhaven National Laboratory typically run as console level programs on a Linux operating system. One essential requirement for accelerator controls applications is bidirectional synchronized IO data communication. Several new web frameworks (Vaadin, GXT, node.js, etc.) have made it possible to develop web based Accelerator Controls applications that provide all the features of console based UI applications that includes bidirectional IO. Web based applications give users flexibility by providing an architecture independent domain for running applications. Security is established by restricting access to users within the local network while not limiting this access strictly to Linux consoles. Additionally, the web framework provides the opportunity to develop mobile device applications that makes it convenient for users to access information while away from the office. This paper explores the feasibility of using the Vaadin web framework for developing UI applications for Collider-Accelerator controls at Brookhaven National Laboratory.

Poster WEPGF135 [0.990 MB]

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THHA2I01

Developing Distributed Hard-Real Time Software Systems Using FPGAs and Soft Cores

FPGA, controls, software, distributed

1073

T. Włostowski, J. Serrano
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
F. Vaga
University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy

Hard real-time systems guarantee by design that no deadline is ever missed. In a distributed environment such as particle accelerators, there is often the extra requirement of having diverse real-time systems synchronize to each other. Implementations on top of general-purpose multi-tasking operating systems such as Linux generally suffer from lack of full control of the platform. On the other hand, solutions based on logic inside FPGAs can result in long development cycles. A mid-way approach is presented which allows fast software development yet guarantees full control of the timing of the execution. The solution involves using soft cores inside FPGAs, running single tasks without interrupts and without an operating system underneath. Two CERN developments are presented, both based on a unique free and open source HDL core comprising a parameterizable number of CPUs, logic to synchronize them and message queues to communicate with the local host and with remote systems. This development environment is being offered as a service to fill the gap between Linux-based solutions and full-hardware implementations.

Slides THHA2I01 [2.530 MB]

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THHB2O01

Preliminary Design of a Real-Time Hardware Architecture for eRHIC

hardware, Ethernet, controls, software

1099

R.J. Michnoff, P. Cerniglia, M.R. Costanzo, R.L. Hulsart, J.P. Jamilkowski, W.E. Pekrul, Z. Sorrell, C. Theisen
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The 3.8 km circumference Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at BNL has been in operation since 2000. An electron-ion collider (eRHIC), which is in the design phase, plans to use one of the existing ion rings and new electron rings constructed in the existing tunnel to provide collisions of up to 21.2 GeV electrons with up to 100 GeV gold ions, 250 GeV polarized protons, as well as other species. Many new real-time systems will be required to satisfy the needs of eRHIC, including over 2000 beam position monitors, 1000 beam loss monitors, 18 current monitors, feedback systems, controls for about 10,000 power supplies, machine protection system, new beam timing systems, and more. The selected architecture must be flexible, expandable, cost-effective, reliable, and easy to maintain. Interface with existing and new accelerator timing systems is required, and compatibility with existing infrastructure and equipment must be maintained. Embedded modules based on the Xilinx Zynq gate array, with direct Ethernet connection and on-board Linux, housed in multi-slot chassis (VME, VPX, TCA, etc.) is under consideration. Preliminary design concepts for the architecture will be presented.

Slides THHB2O01 [7.739 MB]

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THHB3O02

Real-Time Data Reduction Integrated into Instrument Control Software

controls, CORBA, software, network

1115

P. Mutti, F. Cecillon, C. Cocho, A. Elaazzouzi, Y. Le Goc, J. Locatelli, H. Ortiz
ILL, Grenoble, France

The increasing complexity of the experimental activity and the growing raw dataset collected during the measurements pushed the integration of the data reduction software within the instrument control. On-line raw data reduction allows users to take instant decisions based on the physical quantities they are looking for. In such a way, beam time is optimised avoiding oversampling. Moreover, the datasets are more consistent and the reduction procedure, becoming now part of the sequencer workflow, is well documented and can be saved for future use. A server and a client API that allows starting and monitoring the reduction procedures on remote machines and finally get their results, was designed. The implementation of the on-line data reduction on several instruments at the ILL as well as on the obtained performances, will be reported in this paper.

Slides THHB3O02 [4.458 MB]

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