Keyword: detector
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MOCYB1 Non-Destructive Vertical Halo Monitor on the ESRF’s 6GeV Electron Beam electron, scattering, dipole, emittance 2
 
  • K.B. Scheidt
    ESRF, Grenoble, France
  
  The population density along the electron’s beam vertical profile at far distance from the central core (i.e. the far-away tails or “halo”) is now quantitatively measurable by the use of bending magnet X-rays. An available beamport is equipped with two specifically adapted absorbers, an Aluminium UHV window, an X-ray light blocker, an X-ray imager, and a few motorizations. The simple and inexpensive set-up (much resembling that of an X-ray pinhole camera system for emittance measurements in Light Sources, but much shorter in length) allows the recording of images of the electron density profile over the 0.5 to 6mm distance range from the core. Results, obtained under various manipulations on the electron beam to vary either Touchek or residual Gas scattering and thereby the Halo levels, will be presented, to fully demonstrate that this Halo monitor is exploring those realms of the beam where other diagnostics can not reach .  
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MOCZB1 A Picosecond Sampling Electronic “KAPTURE” for Terahertz Synchrotron Radiation synchrotron-radiation, synchrotron, radiation, storage-ring 24
 
  • C.M. Caselle, M. Brosi, S.A. Chilingaryan, T. Dritschler, N. Hiller, V. Judin, A. Kopmann, A.-S. Müller, L. Petzold, J. Raasch, L. Rota, M. Siegel, N.J. Smale, J.L. Steinmann, M. Vogelgesang, M. Weber, S. Wuensch
    KIT, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
  
  For a few years, coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) generated by short electron bunches has been provided at the ANKA light source. Electron bunches can be filled in up to 184 buckets with a distance between two adjacent bunches of 2 ns corresponding to the RF system frequency of 500 MHz. Arbitrary filling patterns are generated to investigate the interaction of adjacent bunches in CSR. To study the THz emission characteristics over multiple revolutions superconducting YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) film detectors are used. The intrinsic response time of YBCO thin films is in the order of a few picoseconds only. For fast, continuous sampling of these individual ultra-short terahertz pulses, a novel digitizer system has been developed. The KAPTURE (KArlsruhe Pulse Taking Ultra-fast Readout Electronics) consists of a wideband low-noise amplifier, a picosecond pulse sampling card and a GByte transfer data link back-end readout card. High-end graphic processing units (GPUs) perform real-time data analysis. The KAPTURE system was successfully demonstrated for readout of the intensity fluctuations in the CSR at the ANKA Storage Ring detected in THz range. Four samples are recorded in parallel for each fast pulse with programmable sampling times in the range of 3 to 100 psec. A clean jitter phase locked loop (PLL) provides a clock signal with high temporal accuracy. The back-end card receives the 4 digital samples every 2 ns with 12 bits resolution and transmits the data to the data analysis unit. The readout board is based on programmable logic FPGA and DDR3 memories for on-line data preprocessing and temporary storage. The data is transmitted to the GPU computing node by a fast data transfer links based on a bus master DMA engine connected to PCI express endpoint logic to ensure a continuous high data throughput of up to 4 GByte/s. This heterogeneous real-time system architecture based on FPGA and GPU is used for on-line pulse reconstruction and evaluations and calculates the peak amplitude of each pulse and the time between consecutive bunches with a picosecond time resolution. A Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is performed on-line for the frequency analysis of the CSR undulations. With the presented acquisition system it was possible to resolve the bursting behavior of single bunches even in a multi-bunch environment to study the bunch-bunch-interactions at ANKA. First results obtained have already been published in the synchrotron machine physic community. The monitoring of bursting for different ANKA parameters using KAPTURE system opens up new analysis and diagnostics possibilities for electron storage rings operating at short bunch lengths.  
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MOCZB2 Reference Distribution and Synchronization System for SwissFEL: Concept and First Results laser, timing, LLRF, controls 29
 
  • S. Hunziker, V.R. Arsov, F. Buechi, M.G. Kaiser, A. Romann, V. Schlott
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
  • P. Orel, S. Zorzut
    I-Tech, Solkan, Slovenia
  
  The development of the reference distribution and synchronization system for SwissFEL is driven by ultra-high reference signal stability of SwissFEL LLRF-, beam arrival time monitors (BAM) and laser systems on one hand and cost issues, high reliability/availability and flexibility on the other. Key requirements are down to sub-10fs rms short term as well as sub-10fs peak-peak long term temporal stability for the most critical clients. The system essentially consists of an optical master oscillator with a fiber power amplifier and splitter, from which mutually phase locked optical reference pulses as well as RF reference signals are derived. The former are directly transmitted to the pulsed laser and BAM clients over group delay stabilized fiber-optic links whereas the latter are transmitted via newly developed group delay stabilized radio-over-fiber (RoF) links. Both s- and c-band reference signals use s-band RoF links, whereupon the c-band receiver incorporates an additional ultra-low drift frequency doubler. Furthermore, ultra-low jitter analog laser phase lock loops have been built and digital ones are under development. We will present concepts and first results of sub-10fs rms jitter and 20fs peak-peak long term drift subsystems, as e.g. RoF links, tested in the SwissFEL injector test facility.  
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MOPF02 RHIC-Style IPMs in the Brookhaven AGS electron, dipole, injection, acceleration 39
 
  • R. Connolly, W.C. Dawson, J.M. Fite, H. Huang, S.E. Jao, W. Meng, R.J. Michnoff, S. Tepikian
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by U.S. Department of Energy.
Beam profiles in the two storage rings of the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Lab (BNL) are measured with ionization profile monitors (IPMs). An IPM measures the distribution of electrons produced by beam ionization of background gas. These detectors have been developed at BNL in a program that began in 1996. The current detectors are a design from 2009. During the 2012 shutdown we refurbished the 2009 prototype detector and installed it in the Alternating-Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) for horizontal profiles. The commissioning tests were successful and in 2013 we built a new IPM for vertical profiles. In addition we placed coils on the backlegs of the permanent-magnet dipoles for beta-function measurements. This paper describes the AGS IPMs and shows data from the detector commissioning. 		 
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MOPF03 NSLSII Photon Beam Position Monitor ElectronicsTesting and Results electronics, photon, controls, software 42
 
  • A.J. Della Penna, M.A. Maggipinto, J. Mead, O. Singh, K. Vetter
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
  
  Simulated and real beam data has been taken using the new NSLSII Photon BPM electronics. The electrometer design can measure currents as low as 10’s of nanoamps and has an ability to measure a current as high as 300mA. The 4 channel design allows for internal calibration and has both a Negative and Positive bias ability. Preliminary bench testing results has shown excellent resolution.  
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MOPF08 Beam Profile Measurements in the RHIC Electron Lens using a Pinhole Detector and YAG Screen electron, controls, software, timing 59
 
  • T.A. Miller, M.R. Costanzo, W. Fischer, B. Frak, D.M. Gassner, X. Gu, A.I. Pikin
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy
The electron lenses installed in RHIC are equipped with two independent transverse beam profiling systems, namely the Pinhole Detector and YAG screen. A small Faraday cup, with a 0.2mm pinhole mask, intercepts the electron beam while a pre-programmed routine automatically raster scans the beam across the detector face. The collected charge is integrated, digitized and stored in an image type data file that represents the electron beam density. This plungeable detector shares space in the vacuum chamber with a plunging YAG:Ce crystal coated with aluminum. A view port at the downstream extremity of the Collector allows a GigE camera, fitted with a zoom lens, to image the crystal and digitize the profile of a beam pulse. Custom beam profiling software has been written to import both beam image files (pinhole and YAG) and fully characterize the transverse beam profile. The results of these profile measurements are presented here along with a description of the system and operational features.
* W. Fischer, et al, "… head-on beam-beam compensation in RHIC", ICFA (BB3013), CERN (2013).
**T. Miller, et al, “… eLens … pin-hole detector and YAG…“, BIW2012, Newport News, VA, TUPG039 		 
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MOPF09 Absolute Beam Emittance Measurements at RHIC Using Ionization Profile Monitors emittance, acceleration, heavy-ion, ion 64
 
  • M.G. Minty, R. Connolly, C. Liu, T. Summers, S. Tepikian
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy
In this report we present studies of and measurements from the RHIC ionization profile monitors (IPMs). Improved accuracy in the emittance measurements has been achieved by (1) continual design enhancements over the years, (2) application of channel-by-channel offset corrections and gain calibrations in the beam profile measurements and (3) use of measured beta functions at the locations of the IPMs. The removal of systematic errors in the emittance measurements was confirmed by the convergence of all four planes of measurement (horizontal and vertical planes of both the Blue and Yellow beams) to a common value during beam operations with stochastic cooling. Consistency with independent measurements (luminosity-based using zero degree counters) at the colliding beam experiments STAR and PHENIX was demonstrated. 		 
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MOPF10 A Compact In-Air X-Ray Detector for Vertical Beam Size Measurement at ALBA photon, electron, dipole, storage-ring 69
 
  • A.A. Nosych, U. Iriso
    ALBA-CELLS Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
  
  An in-air x-ray detector (IXD) was developed for ALBA to study the residual x-rays after traversing the 35mm copper crotch absorbers. The device prototype is placed in-air after such absorber, mounted flush with the vacuum pipe. The remaining x-rays (above 120 keV) generate a visible footprint if they impinge upon a sensitive enough scintillator. We are using a Cerium doped PreLude 420 (LuYSiO:Ce) screen, and the image is observed with a simple optics system mounted on a commercial CCD camera. This measurement allows evaluating the vertical electron beam size with exposure times in the order of seconds. Similar instruments are used at ESRF and ANKA storage rings. This paper presents the results of the first measurements with IXD and describes its potential to be used as a full diagnostics tool for the 3 GeV storage ring of ALBA.  
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MOPF13 Wire Scanner Installation into the MicroTCA Environment for the European XFEL controls, interface, timing, electronics 73
 
  • T. Lensch, A. Delfs, V. Gharibyan, I. Krouptchenkov, D. Nölle, M. Pelzer, H. Tiessen, M. Werner, K. Wittenburg
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  
  The European XFEL (E-XFEL) is a 4th generation synchrotron radiation source currently under construction in Hamburg. The 17.5 GeV superconducting accelerator will provide photons simultaneously to several user stations [*]. For the transverse beam profile measurement in the high energy sections Wire Scanners are used as an essential part of the accelerator diagnostic system, providing the tool to measure small beam size in an almost nondestructive manner. The scanners will be operated in a fast mode, starting from a trigger the wire will be accelerated to 1 m/s and hitting about 100 bunches out of the long bunch train of E-XFEL within a single macropulse. Slow scans with single bunches are also possible. In the first stage 12 stations are planned to be equipped with Wire Scanners where each station consists of two motion units (horizontal and vertical plane). The new concept uses linear servo motors for the motion of the wires and a new mechanical design has been developed at DESY [**]. This paper describes the electronics developments for the motion part of these Wire Scanners and the integration into the MicroTCA environment.
[*] "XFEL Technical Design Report", DESY 2006-097, http://xfel.desy.de
[**] "OVERVIEW ON E-XFEL STANDARD ELECTRON BEAM DIAGNOSTICS", D.Nölle, BIW 2010, Santa Fe
 		 
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MOPF15 Status of and Future Plans for the CERN LINAC4 Emittance Meter based on Laser Electron-Detachment and a Diamond Strip-Detector laser, linac, emittance, electron 83
 
  • T. Hofmann, E. Bravin, U. Raich, F. Roncarolo, F. Zocca
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • G.E. Boorman, A. Bosco, S.M. Gibson, K.O. Kruchinin
    Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom
  • E. Griesmayer
    CIVIDEC Instrumentation, Wien, Austria
  
  Funding: LA3NET is funded by the European Commission under Grant Agreement Number GA-ITN-2011-289191
LINAC4 has started its staged commissioning at CERN. After completion it will accelerate high brightness H− beams to 160 MeV. To measure the transverse profile and emittance of the beam, a non-destructive method based on electron photo-detachment is proposed, using a pulsed, fibre-coupled laser to strip electrons from the H− ions. The laser can be focused and scanned through the H− beam, acting like a conventional slit. A downstream dipole separates the neutral H0 beamlet, created by the laser interaction, from the main H− beam, so that it can be measured by a diamond strip-detector. Combining the H0 beamlet profiles with the laser position allows the transverse emittance to be reconstructed. A prototype of this instrument was tested while commissioning the LINAC4 at 3 and 12 MeV. In this paper we shall describe the experimental setup, challenges and results of the measurements, and also address the characteristics and performance of the diamond strip-detector subsystem. In addition, the proposal for a permanent system at 160 MeV, including an electron detector for a direct profile measurement, will be presented. 		 
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MOPD01 RHIC p-Carbon Polarimeter Target Lifetime Issue target, polarization, proton, simulation 124
 
  • H. Huang, E.C. Aschenauer, G. Atoian, A. Bazilevsky, O. Eyser, A. Fernando, D.M. Gassner, D. Kalinkin, J. Kewisch, G.J. Mahler, Y. Makdisi, S. Nemesure, A. Poblaguev, W.B. Schmidke, D. Steski, T. Tsang, K. Yip, A. Zelenski
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
  • I.G. Alekseev, D. Svirida
    ITEP, Moscow, Russia
  
  Funding: Work performed under contract No. DE-AC02-98CH1-886 with the auspices of the DOE of United States
RHIC polarized proton operation requires fast and reliable proton polarimeter for polarization monitoring during stores. Polarimeters based on p-Carbon elastic scattering in the Coulomb Nuclear Interference(CNI) region has been used. Two polarimeters are installed in each of the two collider rings and they are capable to provide important polarization profile information. The polarimeter also provides valuable information for polarization loss on the energy ramp. As the intensity increases over years, the carbon target lifetime is getting shorter and target replacement during operation is necessary. Simulations and experiment tests have been done to address the target lifetime issue. This paper summarizes the recent operation and the target test results. 		 
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MOPD02 The Electron Backscattering Detector (eBSD), a New Tool for the Precise Mutual Alignment of the Electron and Ion Beams in Electron Lenses electron, ion, proton, scattering 129
 
  • P. Thieberger, Z. Altinbas, C. Carlson, C. Chasman, M.R. Costanzo, C. Degen, K.A. Drees, W. Fischer, D.M. Gassner, X. Gu, K. Hamdi, J. Hock, Y. Luo, A. Marusic, T.A. Miller, M.G. Minty, C. Montag, A.I. Pikin, S.M. White
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy
The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) electron lenses, being commissioned to attain higher polarized proton-proton luminosities by partially compensating the beam-beam effect, require good alignment of the electron and proton beams. These beams propagating in opposite directions in a 5T solenoid have a typical rms width of 300 microns and need to overlap each other over an interaction length of about 2 m with deviations of less than ~50 microns. A new beam diagnostic tool to achieve and maintain this alignment is based on detecting electrons that are backscattered in close encounters with protons. Maximizing the intensity of these electrons ensures optimum beam overlap. The successful commissioning of these devices using 100 GeV/amu gold beams is described. Future developments are discussed that will further improve the sensitivity to small angular deviations. 		 
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MOPD04 Synchronisation of the LHC Betatron Coupling and Phase Advance Measurement System timing, FPGA, betatron, controls 139
 
  • J. Olexa, M. Gąsior
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  
  The new LHC Diode ORbit and OScillation (DOROS) system will provide beam position readings with sub-micrometre resolution and at the same time will be able to perform measurements of local betatron coupling and beam phase advance with micrometre beam excitation. The oscillation sub-system employs gain-controlled RF amplifiers, shared with the orbit system, and followed by dedicated diode detectors to demodulate the beam oscillation signals into the kHz frequency range, subsequently digitized by multi-channel 24-bit ADCs. The digital signals are processed in each front-end with an FPGA and the results of reduced throughput are sent using an Ethernet protocol to a common concentrator, together with the orbit data. The phase advance calculation between multiple Beam Position Monitors (BPMs) requires that all DOROS front-ends have a common phase reference. This paper presents methods used to generate such a reference and to maintain a stable synchronous sampling on all system front-ends. The performance of the DOROS prototype synchronisation is presented based upon laboratory measurements.  
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MOPD07 New MTCA.4-based Hardware Developments for the Control of the Optical Synchronization Systems at DESY laser, timing, controls, LLRF 152
 
  • M. Felber, M.K. Czwalinna, H.T. Duhme, M. Fenner, C. Gerth, M. Heuer, T. Lamb, U. Mavrič, J.M. Mueller, P. Peier, H. Schlarb, S. Schulz, B. Steffen, C. Sydlo, M. Titberidze, T. Walter, R. Wedel, F. Zummack
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  • E. Janas
    Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw, Poland
  • T. Kozak, P. Prędki, K.P. Przygoda
    TUL-DMCS, Łódź, Poland
  • J. Szewiński
    NCBJ, Świerk/Otwock, Poland
  
  Funding: This work has partly been funded by the Helmholtz Validation Fund Project MTCA.4 for Industry (HVF-0016)
The optical synchronization group at DESY is operating and continuously enhancing their laser-based synchronization systems for various facilities which need femtosecond-stable timing. These include the free-electron lasers FLASH and the upcoming European XFEL as well as the electron diffraction machine REGAE and the plasma acceleration test facilities. One of the major upgrades under development is the migration of the entire electronic control hardware to the new MTCA.4 platform which was introduced as the new standard for accelerator control in many facilities worldwide. In this paper we present the applied modules and the topology of the new systems. Main advantages are a compact design with higher performance, redundancy, and remote management. 		 
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MOPD08 A Double-Prism Spectrometer for the Longitudinal Diagnosis of Femtosecond Electron Bunches with Mid-Infrared Transition Radiation radiation, electron, diagnostics, FEL 157
 
  • S. Wunderlich, E. Hass, B. Schmidt, M. Yan
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  
  Funding: The project has been supported by the BMBF under contract 05K10GU2 & FS FLASH 301.
Electron bunch lengths in the sub-10 fs regime and charges of a few tens of picocoulombs are parameters required for free-electron lasers [*] and are also a consequence from the intrinsic process in laser-driven plasma wake field acceleration [**]. Since the coherent spectrum of transition radiation of these bunches carries the information on the longitudinal bunch profile in the form factor, the spectroscopy of transition radiation is an attractive method to determine the electron bunch length. A double-prism spectrometer has been developed and demonstrated for the single-stage measurement of mid-infrared transition radiation between 2 μm and 18 μm. The spectrometer facilitates single-shot spectral measurements with high signal-to-noise ratio utilising a line array of mercury cadmium telluride detectors. In this contribution, we present the spectrometer and measurements of electron bunches of the Free-Electron Laser in Hamburg (FLASH) at DESY. The results are compared to established bunch length monitors which are a multi-stage grating spectrometer for transition radiation and a transverse deflecting structure accessing the longitudinal phase space of the electron bunches directly.
*J. Rönsch-Schulenburg et al., Proceedings of FEL 2014, TUB04 (2014), to be published
**O. Lundh et al., Nature Physics 7, 219–222 (2011) 		 
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MOPD11 Near-Saturation Single-Photon Avalanche Diode Afterpulse and Sensitivity Correction Scheme for the LHC Longitudinal Density Monitor photon, laser, synchrotron-radiation, synchrotron 169
 
  • M. Palm, E. Bravin, S. Mazzoni
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  
  Funding: CERN
Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) monitor the longitudinal density of the LHC beams by measuring the temporal distribution of synchrotron radiation. The relative population of nominally empty RF-buckets (satellites or ghosts) with respect to filled bunches is a key figure for the luminosity calibration of the LHC experiments. Since afterpulsing from a main bunch avalanche can be as high as, or higher than, the signal from satellites or ghosts, an accurate correction algorithm is needed. Furthermore, to reduce the integration time, the amount of light sent to the SPAD is enough so that pile-up effects and afterpulsing cannot be neglected. The SPAD sensitivity has also been found to vary at the end of the active quenching phase. We present a method to characterize and correct for SPAD deadtime, afterpulsing and sensitivity variation near saturation, together with laboratory benchmarking. 		 
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MOPD26 A Bunch Extension Monitor for the Spiral2 LINAC linac, ion, diagnostics, photon 212
 
  • J.L. Vignet, R.V. Revenko
    GANIL, Caen, France
  
  Measurements of the longitudinal shape of bunched beam particles are crucial for optimization and control of LINAC beam parameters and maximization of its integrated luminosity. The non-interceptive bunch extension monitor for the LINAC at the SPIRAL2 facility is being developed at GANIL. Five bunch extension monitors will be installed at the beginning of the LINAC between superconducting cavities. The principle of operation is based on the registration of x-rays induced by ions of accelerator beam interacting with a thin tungsten wire positioned on the beam path. The monitor consists of two parts: a system for wire insertion and positioning, and an x-ray detector based on microchannel plates (MCPs). A detector prototype has been developed over the past three years and was tested using both protons and heavy ions beams.  
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TUIXB1 The Beam Instrumentation and Diagnostic Challenges for LHC Operation at High Energy electron, synchrotron, emittance, quadrupole 216
 
  • O.R. Jones
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  
  This contribution will present the role of beam instrumentation and diagnostics in facing the challenges posed by running the LHC close to its design energy of 7TeV. Machine protection will be ever more critical, with the quench level of the magnets significantly reduced, so relying heavily on the beam loss system and abort gap monitor interlocks on the beam position and fast beam current change system. Non-invasive profile monitoring also becomes more of a challenge, with standard synchrotron light imaging limited by diffraction and rest gas ionisation monitoring dominated by space charge effects. There is also a requirement to better understand beam instabilities, of which several were observed during Run I, leading to the need for synchronised bunch-by-bunch, turn-by-turn information from many distributed instrumentation systems. All of these challenges will be discussed along with the strategies adopted to overcome them.  
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TUCYB3 SwissFEL Beam Profile Monitor radiation, electron, vacuum, laser 259
 
  • R. Ischebeck, E. Prat, V. Schlott, V.G. Thominet
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
  • P. Krejcik, H. Loos
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
  • M. Yan
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  
  We have developed a beam profile monitor that allows us to measure two-dimensional electron beam profiles for highly compressed electron bunches. Such bunches have plagued profile measurements in optical transition radiation monitors in the past, because coherent radiation entering the optical system has invalidated the images and even destroyed cameras. The present design makes use of a scintillating crystal, and directs coherent transition radiation away from the optical axis by careful choice of the angle. When observing Snell's law of refraction as well as the Scheimpflug imaging condition, a resolution better than the thickness of the scintillator can be achieved. We will present measurements performed at the SwissFEL Injector Test Facility and at the Linac Coherent Light Source. The high resolution and excellent sensitivity of this monitor make it ideal for installation in SwissFEL.  
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TUCZB2 Measurements of Small Vertical Beamsize using a Coded Aperture at Diamond Light Source electron, radiation, synchrotron, synchrotron-radiation 279
 
  • C. Bloomer, G. Rehm
    DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
  • J.W. Flanagan
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  
  Diamond Light Source produces a low emittance 3GeV electron beam which is now regularly operated at 8pm.rad vertical emittance. This corresponds to a vertical beamsize of just 13um in the dipole, which is at a high vertical beta location and routinely used for observing the synchrotron radiation using a pinhole camera. Deconvolution of the images from the pinhole camera to maximise resolution is limited by uncertainly regarding the precise shape of the pinhole, resulting in uncertainty on its computed point spread function. Recently a coded aperture has been installed which offers the potential to improve upon the traditional pinhole measurement by offering both higher resolution and increased flux seen through a larger total aperture, however, at the cost of significantly more complex analysis of the recorded images. A comparison of results obtained using the coded aperture and those achieved using the conventional pinhole is presented.  
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TUPF13 Diamond-Based Photon BPMs for Fast Electron-Beam Diagnostics in Synchrotron Radiation Sources electron, photon, radiation, diagnostics 342
 
  • M. Antonelli, G. Cautero, D. Giuressi, S. Lizzit, R.H. Menk
    Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy
  • A. De Sio, E. Pace
    Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
  • M. Di Fraia
    Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
  
  Electron-beam stability is amongst the primary concerns in current Synchrotron Radiation (SR) sources; in particular, in third-generation SR facilities high-brightness beamlines using undulator radiation are extremely sensitive to electron-beam oscillations. Orbit stabilization has been intensively addressed in the past years and many SR machines have been equipped with a Fast Orbit Feedback (FOFB) based on electron Beam-Position Monitors (eBPMs). On the other hand, photon Beam-Position Monitors (pBPMs), besides providing beamline users with crucial calibration data, are also a useful tool for keeping the electron beam under control, by monitoring position and intensity of the delivered radiation. The machine control system can take advantage of this information in order to improve the stability of the electron-beam. A diagnostic beamline, utilizing a couple of fast pBPMs based on single-crystal CVD diamond detectors, has been built and inserted into the central dead-end outlet of one of Elettra’s bending-magnets. Tests have been carried out both during normal machine operations and by deliberately moving the orbit during dedicated shifts. Owing to the outstanding properties of diamond in terms of speed and radiation hardness, the results show how the aforementioned system allows the beam position to be monitored with sub-micrometric precision at the demanding readout rates required by the FOFB. The radiation hardness of the sensors allows the operation over extended periods of time without special maintenance. Therefore, this system is particularly suited for storage-ring sections lacking in electron-beam monitoring and the tested diagnostic line represents a demonstrator for future implementation of pBPMs at several bending-magnet front ends of Elettra.  
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TUPF19 Beam Position Monitor Electronics Upgrade for Fermilab Switchyard proton, extraction, software, interface 365
 
  • P. Stabile, J.S. Diamond, J. Fitzgerald, N. Liu, D.K. Morris, P.S. Prieto, J.P. Seraphin
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  
  Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359
The beam position monitor (BPM) system for Fermilab Switchyard (SY) provides the position, intensity and integrated intensity of the 53.10348MHz RF bunched resonant extracted beam from the Main Injector over 4 seconds of spill. The total beam intensity varies from 1x1011 to 1x1013 protons. The spill is measured by stripline beam postion monitors and resonant circuit. The BPMs have an external resonant circuit tuned to 53.10348MHz. The corresponding voltage signal out of the BPM has been estimated to be between -110dBm and -80dBm. 		 
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TUPD04 Third Generation Residual Gas Ionization Profile Monitors at Fermilab. controls, electron, proton, ion 408
 
  • J.R. Zagel, M.L. Alvarez, B.J. Fellenz, C.C. Jensen, C.E. Lundberg, E.S.M. McCrory, D. Slimmer, R.M. Thurman-Keup, D.G. Tinsley
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  
  Funding: DOE
The latest generation of IPM's installed in the Fermilab Main Injector and Recycler incorporate a 1 kG permanent magnet, a newly designed high-gain, rad-tolerant preamp, and a control grid to moderate the charge that is allowed to arrive on the anode pick-up strips. The control grid is intended to select a single Booster batch measurement per turn. Initially it is being used to allow for a faster turn-on of a single, high-intensity cycle in either machine. The expectation is that this will extend the Micro Channel Plate lifetime, which is the high-cost consumable in the measurement system. We discuss the new design and data acquired with this system. 		 
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TUPD05 Optimization of Beam Induced Fluorescence Monitors for Profile Measurements of High Current Heavy Ion Beams at GSI ion, operation, background, experiment 412
 
  • C. Andre, P. Forck, R. Haseitl, A. Reiter, R. Singh, B. Walasek-Höhne
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
  
  To cope with the demands of the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) for high current operation at the GSI Heavy Ion Linear Accelerator UNILAC non intercepting methods for transverse beam profile measurement are required. In addition to intercepting diagnostics like Secondary Electron Emission Grid (SEM-Grid) or scintillating screens, the Beam Induced Fluorescence (BIF) Monitor, an optical measurement device based on the observation of fluorescent light emitted by excited nitrogen molecules, was brought to routine operation. Starting with the first installations in 2008 and consequent improvements, successively six monitors were set up in the UNILAC and in the transfer line (TK) towards the synchrotron SIS18. BIF is used as a standard diagnostic tool to observe the ion beam at kinetic energies between 1.4 and 11.4 MeV/u. Beside the standard operation mode where the gas pressure is varied, further detailed investigations were conducted. The BIF setups were tested with various beam parameters. Different settings of camera, optics and image intensification were applied to improve the image quality for data analysis. In parallel, the light yield from different setups was compared for various ions, charge states, beam energies and particle numbers.  
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TUPD07 Performance Demonstration of the Non-Invasive Bunch Shape Monitor at GSI High Current LINAC background, electron, linac, ion 421
 
  • B. Zwicker, O.K. Kester
    IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
  • C. Dorn, P. Forck, O.K. Kester, P. Kowina, B. Zwicker
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
  
  Funding: Supported by EU-Project CRISP, WP3 T1 ‘Non-intercepting Bunch Shape Monitors‘
At the heavy ion LINAC at GSI, a novel scheme of non-invasive Bunch Shape Monitor has been tested with several ions beam at 11.4 MeV/u and beam current in the range from 80 μA to 1000 μA. Caused by the beam impact on the residual gas, secondary electrons are liberated. These electrons are accelerated by an electrostatic field, transported through a sophisticated electrostatic energy analyzer and an rf-deflector, acting as a time-to-space converter. Finally a MCP amplifies the electrons and the electron distribution is detected by a CCD camera. For the applied beam settings this Bunch Shape Monitor is able to obtain longitudinal profiles down to of 250 ps RMS width with an RMS resolution of 34 ps, corresponding to 0.5° of the 36 MHz acceleration frequency. Systematic parameter studies, for the device were performed to demonstrate the applicability and to determine the achievable resolution. The background contribution, as orginated by x-rays, are investigated. 		 
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TUPD10 An Ultrafast Linear Array Detector for Single-Shot Electro-Optical Bunch Profile Measurements FPGA, synchrotron, laser, radiation 435
 
  • L. Rota, C.M. Caselle, N. Hiller, A.-S. Müller, M. Weber
    KIT, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
  
  A new spectrometer system has been developed at ANKA for near-field single-shot Electro-Optical (EO) bunch profile measurements with a frame rate of 5 Mfps. The frame rate of commercial line detectors is limited to several tens of kHz, unsuitable for measuring fast dynamic changes of the bunch conditions. The new system aims to realize continuous data acquisition and over long observation periods without dead time. InGaAs or Si linear array pixel sensors are used to detect the near IR and visible spectrum radiation. The detector signals are fed via wire-bonding connections to the GOTTHARD ASIC, a charge-sensitive amplifier with analog outputs. The front-end board is also equipped with an array of fast ADCs. The digital samples are then acquired by an FPGA-based readout card and transmitted to an external DAQ system via a high-speed PCI-Express data link. The DAQ system uses high-end Graphics Processors Units (GPUs) to perform a real-time analysis of the beam conditions. In this paper we present the concept, the first prototype and the low-noise layout techniques used for fast linear detectors.  
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TUPD12 Development of Non-Invasive Electron Beam Position Monitor Based on Coherent Diffraction Radiation from a Slit electron, radiation, target, linac 442
 
  • Y. Taira, R. Kuroda, M. Tanaka, H. Toyokawa
    AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
  • K. Sakaue
    Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
  • H. Tomizawa
    RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Japan
  
  Funding: This work was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (26246046).
Diffraction radiation (DR), which is closely related to transition radiation, is emitted when an electron passes near an edge or interface between two media with different dielectric constants. Theoretical and experimental investigation of DR is widely performing for a non-intercepting electron beam diagnostic. We have developed an electron bunch length and a beam position monitor using a coherent diffraction radiation (CDR), which is in the range of sub-millimeter wavelength. The frequency spectrum of CDR depends on a form factor expressed as the Fourier transform of the longitudinal particle distribution. We have measured the spatial intensity distribution of CDR emitted from the metallic edge with a terahertz camera. Total intensity passing through band pass filters (BPFs) was decreased as the transmission frequency of BPFs is increased up to 6 THz. The result indicates that the bunch length is few hundreds of femtosecond. A detailed data analysis is now performing. On the other hand, we have measured the intensity distribution of CDR emitted from the metallic rectangular slit. Bow-tie intensity distribution, aligned along the perpendicular direction to the slit edge, was measured with the terahertz camera. Moreover, when the electron beam did not pass through the center of the slit, an asymmetrical intensity distribution appeared. This asymmetry is due to the pre-wave zone effect. In short, we can found the beam position to the slit by measuring the asymmetry. In this conference, we will present the experimental results. 		 
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TUPD25 Cryogenic Beam Loss Monitors for the Superconducting Magnets of the LHC cryogenics, radiation, dipole, proton 471
 
  • M.R. Bartosik, B. Dehning, M. Sapinski
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • V. Eremin, E. Verbitskaya
    IOFFE, St. Petersburg, Russia
  • E. Griesmayer
    CIVIDEC Instrumentation, Wien, Austria
  • C. Kurfuerst
    EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria
  
  Funding: This research project has been supported by a Marie Curie Early Initial Training Network Fellowship of the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (contract number: PITN-GA-2011-289485-OPAC).
The Beam Loss Monitoring (BLM) detectors close to the interaction points (IP) of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are currently located outside the cryostat, far from the superconducting coils of the magnets. In addition to their sensitivity to lost beam particles, they also detect particles coming from the experimental collisions, which do not contribute significantly to the heat deposition in the superconducting coils. In the future, with beams of higher energy and brightness resulting in higher luminosity, distinguishing between these interaction products and dangerous quench-provoking beam losses from the primary proton beams will be challenging. The system can be optimised by locating beam loss monitors as close as possible to the superconducting coils, inside the cold mass of the magnets in superfluid helium at 1.9 K. The dose then measured by such Cryogenic Beam Loss Monitors (CryoBLMs) would more precisely correspond to the real dose deposited in the coil. The candidates under investigation for such detectors are based on silicon and diamond, several of which have now been installed inside the magnets in the LHC tunnel. This contribution will present the mechanical and electrical designs of these systems, as well as the results of their qualification testing. 		 
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WEIYB1 Direct (Under)Sampling vs Analog Downconversion for BPM Electronics electronics, pick-up, cavity, timing 486
 
  • M. Wendt
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  
  Digital signal processing by means of undersampling the analog signal has become a popular method for acquiring beam position monitor signals. This presentation discusses the technique and its principle limitations, presents today’s technical limits (e.g. in terms of performance of available ADCs), and provides an outlook for the future. It will also try to compare the technique with more tradition analog downmixing and signal processing methods.  
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WECYB1 Development of a Modified Six-Port Discriminator for Precise Beam Position Measurements pick-up, operation, simulation, electronics 495
 
  • A. Penirschke, A. Angelovski, M. Hansli, R. Jakoby, T. Mahn
    TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
  
  For the European XFEL, new energy beam position monitors based on planar transmission lines were designed for energy measurements in the dispersive section of bunch compressor chicanes. The EBPM consists of transversely mounted stripline pickups in a rectangular beam pipe section and a signal detection scheme which measures the phases of the pulses at the ends of the pickup*. It allows simultaneous measurements of the beam energy and arrival-time. This paper presents the development of a RF readout electronic based on a modified six-port discriminator as a low-cost alternative to the readout electronics based on the MTCA.4 platform for the EBPM. Based on the six-port, the beam position can be determined by means of the phase difference between the received signals from both ends of the transmission line pickup. The six-port discriminator is a linear passive component, first developed in the 70s for accurate measurements of complex reflection coefficients in microwave network analysis**. It typically consists of two hybrid couplers and two power dividers or one Wilkinson power divider and three -3dB hybrid couplers. For the measurement of the difference of two signals excited from a single source one of the hybrid coupler can be omitted. The advantage of the six port is the fact that accurate phase measurements can be performed at microwave and millimeter wave frequencies only by amplitude measurements. This paper shows the principle of operation, developed prototype, and first test results
* A. Penirschke et al., Proceedings of IBIC2013, Oxford, United Kingdom (2013).
** G.F. Engen, IEEE MTT, vol.25, no.12, pp.1077-1079, December 1977.
 
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WECZB3 Measurement of Beam Losses Using Optical Fibers at the Australian Synchrotron electron, synchrotron, beam-losses, emittance 515
 
  • E. Nebot Del Busto, C.P. Welsch
    The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  • M.J. Boland
    ASCo, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
  • M.J. Boland, R.P. Rassool
    The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
  • E.B. Holzer, M. Kastriotou, E. Nebot Del Busto
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • P.D. Jackson
    University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
  • J. Schmidt
    Albert-Ludwig Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
  • C.P. Welsch
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  
  The unprecedented requirements that new machines are setting on their diagnostic systems are leading to the development of a new generation of devices with large dynamic range, sensitivity and time resolution. Beam loss detection is particularly challenging due to the large extension of new facilities that need to be covered with localized detectors. Candidates to mitigate this problem consist of systems in which the sensitive part of the radiation detectors can be extended over the long distances of beam lines. In this document, we study the feasibility of a beam loss monitor (BLM) system based on optical fibers as an active detector for an electron storage ring. The Australian Synchrotron (AS) comprises a 216m ring that stores electrons up to 3GeV. The Accelerator has recently claimed the world record lowest transverse emittance (below 1 pm rad). Ultra low transverse sizes and large amounts of synchrotron radiation provide an environment very similar to that expected in the CLIC damping rings. A qualitative benchmark of beam losses under damping ring-like conditions is presented here. A wide range of beam loss rates can be achieved by modifying the bunch charge, horizontal/vertical coupling and dynamic aperture as well as via beam scrapers. The controlled beam losses are observed by means of the Cherenkov light produced in a 365 um core Silica fiber. The output light is coupled to different types of photo sensors namely: Multi Pixel Photon Counters (MPPCs), standard PhotoMulTiplier (PMT) tubes and Avalanche PhotoDiodes (APD). A detailed comparison of the sensitivities and time resolution obtained with the different read-outs are discussed in this contribution.  
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WEPF10 Range Verification System Using Scintillator and CCD Camera System brightness, ion, proton, flattop 558
 
  • N. S. Saotome, T. Furukawa, Y. Hara, K. Mizushima, K. Noda, T. Shirai, R. Tansho
    NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
  • Y. Saraya
    National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
  
  At National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), three-dimensional irradiation with carbon-ion pencil-beam scanning has been performed from 2011. We have been commissioning the irradiation method that employs more than 200 multiple beam energies supplied by synchrotron instead of the energy degraders. The accuracy of the beam energy/range is required for heavy ion treatment especially for using scanning method. ICRU78 recommend checking the range constancy for daily QA. Few-points depth dose measurement using ion chamber is employed for range verification of current daily QA procedure in NIRS. The measurement time for one energy is about 1 minute. Therefore easy and simple range verification system is required. The purpose of this work is to develop range verification system using scintillator and CCD (charge-coupled device) camera and to estimate the accuracy of the range verification using the system. Using proposed system, projected depth dose distribution could be provided by one measurement. This system has potential to be employed for relative range check and range constancy check as comparing with reference data. A NE102 plastic scintillator block was selected for obtained pure tranceparent block. The scintillator was mounted in the black box in order to shade a light in the room. The CCD camera (Type BU-41L, 1360x1024 pixels, Bitran Corp., Japan) was installed perpendicular to the beam axis. Therefore two-dimensional image projected depth dose distribution is provided by measurement. Total 101 mono-energy carbon beams that are in the range from 56 to 430 MeV/n at 6 mm range-in-water interval were tested. The measurement was performed energy by energy sequentially. The range resolution test was performed using thin PMMA plate placed upstream of the system. Measured images were compared with reference images to calculate the relative range deviation using least square method. Short and long time reproducibility and fluence dependence were verified. Measurement time was about 2 minutes for 101 energy beams. Peak-entrance ratio was small due to quenching effect and absorption of the light within the scintillator block. The 6 mm range difference was clearly divided. Reproducibility was well. The difference of fluence with normal treatment operation didn’t effect the range verification. From the results it was concluded that the range check system using scintillator and CCD have nice characteristics for range verification with short time.  
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WEPF13 The Status of Beam Diagnostics for the Hie-Isolde Linac at Cern diagnostics, emittance, TRIUMF, simulation 565
 
  • E.D. Cantero, W. Andreazza, E. Bravin, A.G. Sosa
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • A.G. Sosa
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  • A.G. Sosa
    The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  
  Funding: CATHI is a Marie Curie Initial Training Network funded by the European Commission under Grant Agreement Number PITN-GA-2010-264330.
The HIE-ISOLDE project aims at upgrading the CERN ISOLDE radioactive ion beam facility for higher beam intensities and higher beam energies. New beam diagnostic devices have to be developed as part of this upgrade, in particular for the measurement of intensity, energy, transverse and longitudinal profiles, and transverse emittance. The beam energy ranges from 300 keV/u to 10 MeV/u and beam intensities are between 1 pA and 1 nA. Faraday cups will be used for the measurement of the beam intensity while silicon detectors will be used for the energy and longitudinal profile measurements. The transverse profiles will be measured by moving a V-shaped slit in front of a Faraday cup and the beam position will be calculated from the profiles. The transverse emittance can be measured using the existing REX-ISOLDE slit and grid system, or by the combined use of two scanning slits and a Faraday cup. The final design of the mentioned devices will be presented in this contribution, including the results of the experimental validation tests performed on prototypes during the last two years. 		 
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WEPF30 Study of General Ion Recombination for Beam Monitor used in Particle Radiotherapy ion, cathode, controls, factory 620
 
  • R. Tansho, T. Furukawa, Y. Hara, K. Mizushima, K. Noda, N. S. Saotome, T. Shirai
    NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
  • Y. Saraya
    National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
  
  Heavy ion particles such as carbon ion beams are effective tools for cancer radiotherapy because of the higher dose localization and biological effectiveness by using the characteristic dose distribution with the Bragg peak. In the particle radiotherapy, it is important to conform a dose distribution and deliver prescribed dose to a tumor. An ionization chamber is usually used as a beam monitor to control the prescribed dose to the target. Then new treatment research facility at National Institute of Radiological Science (NIRS) uses beam scanning irradiation system that make uniform dose distribution in the target volume by superposing dose deposit of an individual pencil beam. In order to increase dose concentration to the target and also decrease irradiation time, it is necessary to minimize the pencil beam size and to increase the beam intensity. As the result, the localization of the pencil beam with high intensity increases the number of general ion recombination in the beam monitor. Therefore, we need to predict the ion recombination rate in the beam monitor for accurate control of the dose. For our purpose, we developed calculation code to predict the ion recombination rate when the pencil beam scanning is used. The calculation code can divide a pencil beam into a sub region and calculate ion recombination rate in each sub region by using Boag theory. We present the calculation results compared with measurements for verification of our calculation code.  
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WEPD07 Evaluation of Libera Single Pass H for ESS LINAC linac, instrumentation, controls, operation 647
 
  • M. Cargnelutti, M. Žnidarčič
    I-Tech, Solkan, Slovenia
  • H. Hassanzadegan
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
  
  The Beam Position Monitor system of the ESS linac will include in total more than 140 BPM detectors of different sizes and types. The resolution and accuracy of the position measurement with the nominal 62.5 mA beam current and 2.86 ms pulse width need to be 20 ?m and 100 ?m respectively, and those of the phase measurement are 0.2 deg and 1 deg respectively. The BPM system also needs to work successfully under off-optimal conditions, ex. with a de-bunched beam, or with the current and pulse width being as low as 6 mA and 10 ?s respectively. Options for the implementation of the ESS BPM electronics include: 1) a custom or commercial front-end card combined with a commercial digitizer with in-house developed firmware and 2) a fully commercial off the shelf system. Libera Single Pass H is an instrument intended for phase, position and charge monitoring in hadron and heavy ion LINACs. The instrument was tested at the ESS laboratory, to probe the feasibility of operation with ESS beam conditions. To give a realistic picture of the device performance, different testing setups were evaluated, including all the signal and environment conditions foreseen for the final ESS linac operation. The results present resolution, precision and accuracy evaluations, as well as stressful long-term and stability tests. This paper presents the achieved results of the Libera Single Pass H for the ESS beam parameters.  
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WEPD10 Front End Concept for a Wake Field Monitor wakefield, radiation, alignment, laser 660
 
  • M.M. Dehler, S. Hunziker
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
  • M. Leich
    PSI, Villigen, Villigen, Switzerland
  
  Funding: EuCARD2 work package 12
Wake field monitors (WFMs) are used to directly measure the alignment between beam and RF accelerating structure via the transverse higher mode spectrum. As a sub task of the EuCARD2 project, we are developing a front end for the monitors of the multipurpose X band structure installed at the SwissFEL Injector Test facility SITF at PSI. We plan to use electro optical technology offering strong advantages in the robustness to interference and radiation, and in the ease of signal transport. We present the concept of the device, discuss the theoretical performance in terms of noise. For a proof of principle, we built a basic system, which we tested together with the existing monitors with beam at SITF. 		 
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THCXB1 Cross-Calibration of Three Electron Cloud Density Detectors at CesrTA electron, simulation, photon, resonance 722
 
  • J.P. Sikora, J.R. Calvey, J.A. Crittenden
    Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
  
  Funding: This work is supported by the US National Science Foundation PHY-0734867, PHY-1002467, and the US Department of Energy DE-FC02-08ER41538, DE-SC0006505.
Measurements of electron cloud density using three detector types are compared under the same beam conditions at the same location in the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR). Two of the detectors sample the flux of cloud electrons incident on the beam-pipe wall. The Retarding Field Analyzer (RFA) records the time-averaged charge flux and has a retarding grid that can be biased to select high energy electrons. The Shielded Button Electrode (SBE) samples the electron flux without a retarding grid, acquiring signals with sub-nanosecond resolution. The third detector uses resonant microwaves and measures the electron cloud density within the beam-pipe through the cloud-induced shift in resonant frequency. The analysis will include comparison of the output from POSINST and ECLOUD simulations of electron cloud buildup. These time-sliced particle-in-cell 2D modeling codes – simulating photoelectron production, secondary emission and cloud dynamics – have been expanded to include the electron acceptance of the RFA and SBE detectors in order to model the measured signals. The measurements were made at the CESR storage ring, which has been reconfigured as a test accelerator (CesrTA) providing electron or positron beams ranging in energy from 2 GeV to 5 GeV. 		 
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