IBIC2014 - List of Keywords (proton)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOPF04	RHIC Injection Transport Beam Emittance Measurements	emittance, factory, background, extraction	45
	J.Y. Huang Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA D.M. Gassner, M.G. Minty, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, N. Tsoupas, C.M. Zimmer BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	The Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS)-to-Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) transfer line, abbreviated AtR, is an integral component for the transfer of proton and heavy ion bunches from the AGS to RHIC. In this study, using 23.8 GeV proton beams, we focused on factors that may affect the accuracy of emittance measurements that provide information on the quality of the beam injected into RHIC. The method of emittance measurement uses fluorescent screens in the AtR. The factors that may affect the measurement are: background noise, calibration, resolution, and dispersive corrections. Ideal video Offset (black level, brightness) and Gain (contrast) settings were determined for consistent initial conditions in the Flag Profile Monitor (FPM) application. Using this information, we also updated spatial calibrations for the FPM using corresponding fiducial markings and sketches. Resolution error was determined using the Modulation Transfer Function amplitude. To measure the contribution of the beam’s dispersion, we conducted a scan of beam position and size at relevant Beam Position Monitors (BPMs) and Video Profile Monitors (VPMs, or “flags”) by varying the extraction energy with a scan of the RF frequency in the AGS. The combined effects of these factors resulted in slight variations in emittance values, with further analysis suggesting potential discrepancies in the current model of the beam line’s focusing properties. In the process of testing various contributing factors, a system of checks has been established for future studies, providing an efficient, standardized, and reproducible procedure that might encourage greater reliance on the transfer line’s emittance and beam parameter measurements.
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MOPF17	Methods for Measuring the Transverse Beam Profile in the ESS High Intensity Beam	linac, ion, space-charge, photon	93
	C. Roose, I. Dolenc Kittelmann, A. Jansson ESS, Lund, Sweden
	The European Spallation Source (ESS), currently under construction, consists of a partly superconducting linac which will deliver a 2 GeV, 5MW proton beam to a rotating tungsten target. Beam transverse profile monitors are required in order to insure that the lattice parameters are set and the beam emittance is matched. Due to the high intensity of the beam and the constraint to perform non-disturbing measurements, non-invasive techniques have to be developed. The non-invasive profile monitors chosen for the ESS are based on the interaction of the beam with the residual gas. Two different devices are developed, one utilises the fluorescence process, the other one the ionisation process. The paper presents their latest preliminary developments.
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MOPD01	RHIC p-Carbon Polarimeter Target Lifetime Issue	target, polarization, detector, simulation	124
	H. Huang, E.C. Aschenauer, G. Atoian, A. Bazilevsky, O. Eyser, A. Fernando, D.M. Gassner, D. Kalinkin, J. Kewisch, G.J. Mahler, Y. Makdisi, S. Nemesure, A. Poblaguev, W.B. Schmidke, D. Steski, T. Tsang, K. Yip, A. Zelenski BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA I.G. Alekseev, D. Svirida ITEP, Moscow, Russia
	Funding: Work performed under contract No. DE-AC02-98CH1-886 with the auspices of the DOE of United States RHIC polarized proton operation requires fast and reliable proton polarimeter for polarization monitoring during stores. Polarimeters based on p-Carbon elastic scattering in the Coulomb Nuclear Interference(CNI) region has been used. Two polarimeters are installed in each of the two collider rings and they are capable to provide important polarization profile information. The polarimeter also provides valuable information for polarization loss on the energy ramp. As the intensity increases over years, the carbon target lifetime is getting shorter and target replacement during operation is necessary. Simulations and experiment tests have been done to address the target lifetime issue. This paper summarizes the recent operation and the target test results.
	Poster MOPD01 [10.776 MB]
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MOPD02	The Electron Backscattering Detector (eBSD), a New Tool for the Precise Mutual Alignment of the Electron and Ion Beams in Electron Lenses	electron, ion, detector, scattering	129
	P. Thieberger, Z. Altinbas, C. Carlson, C. Chasman, M.R. Costanzo, C. Degen, K.A. Drees, W. Fischer, D.M. Gassner, X. Gu, K. Hamdi, J. Hock, Y. Luo, A. Marusic, T.A. Miller, M.G. Minty, C. Montag, A.I. Pikin, S.M. White BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) electron lenses, being commissioned to attain higher polarized proton-proton luminosities by partially compensating the beam-beam effect, require good alignment of the electron and proton beams. These beams propagating in opposite directions in a 5T solenoid have a typical rms width of 300 microns and need to overlap each other over an interaction length of about 2 m with deviations of less than ~50 microns. A new beam diagnostic tool to achieve and maintain this alignment is based on detecting electrons that are backscattered in close encounters with protons. Maximizing the intensity of these electrons ensures optimum beam overlap. The successful commissioning of these devices using 100 GeV/amu gold beams is described. Future developments are discussed that will further improve the sensitivity to small angular deviations.
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TUPF04	Numerical Calculations for the FAIR Proton Linac BPMs	linac, simulation, pick-up, vacuum	303
	C.S. Simon CEA/DSM/IRFU, France M.H. Almalki, P. Forck, W. Kaufmann, T. Sieber GSI, Darmstadt, Germany V. Bellego CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
	Fourteen Beam Position Monitors (BPMs) will be installed along the FAIR Proton LINAC. These monitors will be used to determine the beam position, the relative beam current and the mean beam energy by time of flight (TOF). A capacitive button type pickup was chosen for its easy mechanical realization and for the short insertion length which is important for the four BPMs locations of the inter-tank sections between the CH-cavities. Depending on the location, the BPM design has to be optimized, taking into account an energy range from 3 MeV to 70 MeV, limited space for installation and a 30 mm or 50 mm beam pipe aperture. This paper reports wake field numerical simulations performed by the code CST PARTICLE STUDIO to design and characterize the BPMs. Time of response of monitors are presented and results of calculations for various pickup-geometries are discussed taking into account different beam velocities.
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TUPF19	Beam Position Monitor Electronics Upgrade for Fermilab Switchyard	detector, extraction, software, interface	365
	P. Stabile, J.S. Diamond, J. Fitzgerald, N. Liu, D.K. Morris, P.S. Prieto, J.P. Seraphin Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 The beam position monitor (BPM) system for Fermilab Switchyard (SY) provides the position, intensity and integrated intensity of the 53.10348MHz RF bunched resonant extracted beam from the Main Injector over 4 seconds of spill. The total beam intensity varies from 1x10¹¹ to 1x1013 protons. The spill is measured by stripline beam postion monitors and resonant circuit. The BPMs have an external resonant circuit tuned to 53.10348MHz. The corresponding voltage signal out of the BPM has been estimated to be between -110dBm and -80dBm.
	Poster TUPF19 [5.622 MB]
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TUPF27	Optical System for ESS Target Protection	target, FPGA, operation, radiation	389
	C.A. Thomas, M. Donna, T.J. Grandsaert, M. Göhran, R. Linander, T.J. Shea ESS, Lund, Sweden
	One specificity of the ESS accelerator and target is that a high power and ultra low emittance proton beam is sent straight onto a Tungsten target. The high power density proton beam from the ESS linac will damage any material it meets. Thus a strategy to protect the target and the target area has to be deployed: the proton beam on target will be defocused and swept, distributing homogeneously the power density on an area 10⁴ times larger than its non defocused area. On its way towards the target, the beam goes through two windows: the proton beam window (PBW) separating the high vacuum of the accelerator to the 1-bar He filled area of the target monolith; and the target window (TW) marking the entrance area of the target wheel. In this paper, we present the PBW imaging system, one of the proton beam diagnostics to be developed for imaging the proton beam current density deposited in the PBW. We will describe the expected performance of the imaging system in order to satisfy the PBW protection requirement. We will also describe the radiative processes which could be used as the source of the imaging system. Finally, we will describe the necessary condition and hardware for the implementation of a protection system for both the PBW and TW.
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TUPD02	Electron Beam Profiler for the Fermilab Main Injector	electron, gun, simulation, ion	398
	R.M. Thurman-Keup, M.L. Alvarez, J. Fitzgerald, C.E. Lundberg, P.S. Prieto Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA W. Blokland ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	The long range plan for Fermilab calls for large proton beam intensities in excess of 2 MW for use in the neutrino program. Measuring the transverse profiles of these high intensity beams is challenging and generally relies on non-invasive techniques. One such technique involves measuring the deflection of a beam of electrons with a trajectory perpendicular to the proton beam. A device such as this is already in use at the Spallation Neutron Source at ORNL and a similar device will be installed shortly in the Fermilab Main Injector. The Main Injector device is discussed in detail and some test results and simulations are shown.
	Poster TUPD02 [2.115 MB]
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TUPD04	Third Generation Residual Gas Ionization Profile Monitors at Fermilab.	controls, electron, detector, ion	408
	J.R. Zagel, M.L. Alvarez, B.J. Fellenz, C.C. Jensen, C.E. Lundberg, E.S.M. McCrory, D. Slimmer, R.M. Thurman-Keup, D.G. Tinsley Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: DOE The latest generation of IPM's installed in the Fermilab Main Injector and Recycler incorporate a 1 kG permanent magnet, a newly designed high-gain, rad-tolerant preamp, and a control grid to moderate the charge that is allowed to arrive on the anode pick-up strips. The control grid is intended to select a single Booster batch measurement per turn. Initially it is being used to allow for a faster turn-on of a single, high-intensity cycle in either machine. The expectation is that this will extend the Micro Channel Plate lifetime, which is the high-cost consumable in the measurement system. We discuss the new design and data acquired with this system.
	Poster TUPD04 [11.950 MB]
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TUPD13	Experience with and Studies of the SNS Target Imaging System	target, neutron, simulation, operation	447
	W. Blokland ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	Funding: ORNL/SNS is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 The Target Imaging System (TIS) shows the size and position of the proton beam by using a luminescent Cr:Al2O3 coating on the SNS target. The proton beam hitting the coating creates light which is transferred through mirrors and optical fibers to a digital camera outside the high radiation area. The TIS is used during operations to verify that the beam is in the right location and does not exceed the maximum proton beam peak density. This paper describes our operational experience with the TIS and the results of studies on the linearity, uniformity, and luminescence decay of the coating. In the future, tubes with material samples might be placed in front of the target for irradiation studies. The simulations of placing tubes in the front of target coating and its effect on the beam width and position measurements are also discussed.
	Poster TUPD13 [3.216 MB]
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TUPD25	Cryogenic Beam Loss Monitors for the Superconducting Magnets of the LHC	detector, cryogenics, radiation, dipole	471
	M.R. Bartosik, B. Dehning, M. Sapinski CERN, Geneva, Switzerland V. Eremin, E. Verbitskaya IOFFE, St. Petersburg, Russia E. Griesmayer CIVIDEC Instrumentation, Wien, Austria C. Kurfuerst EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria
	Funding: This research project has been supported by a Marie Curie Early Initial Training Network Fellowship of the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (contract number: PITN-GA-2011-289485-OPAC). The Beam Loss Monitoring (BLM) detectors close to the interaction points (IP) of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are currently located outside the cryostat, far from the superconducting coils of the magnets. In addition to their sensitivity to lost beam particles, they also detect particles coming from the experimental collisions, which do not contribute significantly to the heat deposition in the superconducting coils. In the future, with beams of higher energy and brightness resulting in higher luminosity, distinguishing between these interaction products and dangerous quench-provoking beam losses from the primary proton beams will be challenging. The system can be optimised by locating beam loss monitors as close as possible to the superconducting coils, inside the cold mass of the magnets in superfluid helium at 1.9 K. The dose then measured by such Cryogenic Beam Loss Monitors (CryoBLMs) would more precisely correspond to the real dose deposited in the coil. The candidates under investigation for such detectors are based on silicon and diamond, several of which have now been installed inside the magnets in the LHC tunnel. This contribution will present the mechanical and electrical designs of these systems, as well as the results of their qualification testing.
	Poster TUPD25 [7.897 MB]
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WEPF03	Upgrade of the Fast Beam Intensity Measurement System for the CERN PS Complex	controls, shielding, vacuum, synchrotron	525
	D. Belohrad, J.C.A. Allica, M. Andersen, W. Andreazza, G. Favre, N. Favre, L.K. Jensen, L. Lenardon, W. Vollenberg CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The CERN Proton Synchrotron complex (CPS) has been operational for over 50 years. During this time the Fast Beam Current Transformers (FBCTs) have only been repaired when they ceased to function, or individually modified to cope with new requests. This strategy resulted in a large variation of designs, making their maintenance difficult and limiting the precision with which comparisons could be made between transformers for the measurement of beam intensity transmission. During the first long shut-down of the CERN LHC and its injectors (LS1) these systems have undergone a major consolidation, with detectors and acquisition electronics upgraded to provide a uniform measurement system throughout the PS complex. This paper discusses the solutions used and analyses the first beam measurement results.
	Poster WEPF03 [7.547 MB]
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WEPF06	A New Integrating Current Transformer for the LHC	instrumentation, resonance, operation, luminosity	540
	L. Søby, D. Belohrad, M. Krupa, P. Odier CERN, Geneva, Switzerland J.F. Bergoz, F. Stulle BERGOZ Instrumentation, Saint Genis Pouilly, France
	The existing fast beam current transformers of the LHC have been shown to exhibit both bunch length and bunch position dependency. A new Integrating Current Transformer (ICT) have therefore been developed in collaboration with Bergoz Instrumentation to address these issues. As goals a 0.1 %/mm beam position dependency and 0.1 % bunch length dependency were specified, along with a bandwidth of 100 MHz. This paper describes the principles of ICT operation and presents the laboratory measurement results obtained with the first prototypes at CERN.
	Poster WEPF06 [2.286 MB]
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WEPF08	Dosimetry of Pulsed Beams in Proton Therapy	experiment, ion, high-voltage, electron	548
	J. van de Walle, Y. Claereboudt, G. Krier, D. Prieels IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium G. Boissonnat, J. Colin, J.-M. Fontbonne LPC, Caen, France
	Ion Beam Applications (IBA) has developed in recent years the ProteusONE proton therapy system, which aims at reducing the cost and footprint of proton therapy systems, making them affordable and accessible to more patients worldwide. The heart of the ProteusONE system is a super conducting synchro-cyclotron (S2C2), which provides short (10 μs) proton bunches at 1 kHz. This is in contrast to the proton therapy systems including the IBA Cyclone230, which delivers a continuous beam. Nevertheless, the same average dose rates are provided by both systems. As a consequence, the instantaneous dose rates with the S2C2 are much higher and recombination losses in the large area beam diagnostics and dosimetry devices become non negligible. Since the proton charge which is send to a patient should be measured with high precision, these recombination losses have to be addressed carefully. In this work, a large area (30x30 cm²) and large gap (>3 mm) ionization chamber (IC) is presented which allows to quantify recombination losses in each beam pulse on-line. The principle is based on the introduction of two ionization volumes in series with slightly different gap sizes. The ratio of detected charges in both IC's is the basic observable which is used to recalculate the efficiency of each IC. The principle of this so-called "asymmetric ionization chamber" (AIC) was tested with beam from the S2C2 prototype. The results show that the efficiency can be re-calculated to 0.5% precision for voltages higher than 1000 V. Together with the experimental results, the theoretical background of the recombination losses will be discussed and it will be shown how this theory is applied in a robust and simple way to correct for these losses in the proton therapy system.
	Poster WEPF08 [0.999 MB]
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WEPF10	Range Verification System Using Scintillator and CCD Camera System	brightness, ion, flattop, detector	558
	N. S. Saotome, T. Furukawa, Y. Hara, K. Mizushima, K. Noda, T. Shirai, R. Tansho NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan Y. Saraya National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
	At National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), three-dimensional irradiation with carbon-ion pencil-beam scanning has been performed from 2011. We have been commissioning the irradiation method that employs more than 200 multiple beam energies supplied by synchrotron instead of the energy degraders. The accuracy of the beam energy/range is required for heavy ion treatment especially for using scanning method. ICRU78 recommend checking the range constancy for daily QA. Few-points depth dose measurement using ion chamber is employed for range verification of current daily QA procedure in NIRS. The measurement time for one energy is about 1 minute. Therefore easy and simple range verification system is required. The purpose of this work is to develop range verification system using scintillator and CCD (charge-coupled device) camera and to estimate the accuracy of the range verification using the system. Using proposed system, projected depth dose distribution could be provided by one measurement. This system has potential to be employed for relative range check and range constancy check as comparing with reference data. A NE10² plastic scintillator block was selected for obtained pure tranceparent block. The scintillator was mounted in the black box in order to shade a light in the room. The CCD camera (Type BU-41L, 1360x1024 pixels, Bitran Corp., Japan) was installed perpendicular to the beam axis. Therefore two-dimensional image projected depth dose distribution is provided by measurement. Total 101 mono-energy carbon beams that are in the range from 56 to 430 MeV/n at 6 mm range-in-water interval were tested. The measurement was performed energy by energy sequentially. The range resolution test was performed using thin PMMA plate placed upstream of the system. Measured images were compared with reference images to calculate the relative range deviation using least square method. Short and long time reproducibility and fluence dependence were verified. Measurement time was about 2 minutes for 101 energy beams. Peak-entrance ratio was small due to quenching effect and absorption of the light within the scintillator block. The 6 mm range difference was clearly divided. Reproducibility was well. The difference of fluence with normal treatment operation didn’t effect the range verification. From the results it was concluded that the range check system using scintillator and CCD have nice characteristics for range verification with short time.
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WEPF23	Dosimetric Verification of Lateral Profile with a Unique Ionization Chamber in Therapeutic Ion Beams	ion, target, factory, scattering	597
	Y. Hara, T. Furukawa, K. Mizushima, K. Noda, N. S. Saotome, T. Shirai, R. Tansho NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan Y. Saraya National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
	It is essential to consider large-angle scattered particles in dose calculation models for therapeutic ion beams. However, it is difﬁcult to measure the small dose contribution from large-angle scattered particles. Therefore, we developed a parallel-plate ionization chamber consisting of concentric electrodes (ICCE) to efﬁciently and easily detect small contributions. The ICCE consists of two successive ICs with a common HV plate. The former is a large plane-parallel IC to measure dose distribution integrated over the whole plane, the latter is a 24-channel parallel-plate IC with concentric electrodes to derive the characteristic parameters describing the lateral beam spread. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of the ICCE. By taking advantage of the characteristic of ICCE, we studied the recombination associated with lateral beam profile. Also, we measured carbon pencil beam in several different media by using ICCE. As a result, we confirmed the ICCE could be used as a useful tool to determine the characterization of the therapeutic ion beams.
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WEPF28	Failure Mode and Effects Analysis of the Beam Intensity Control for the SPIRAL2 Accelerator	controls, linac, ion, diagnostics	613
	C. Jamet, T.A. Andre, B. Ducoudret, G. Ledu, S.L. Leloir, S. Loret, C. Potier de courcy GANIL, Caen, France
	The first phase of the SPIRAL2 project includes a driver and its associated new experimental areas (S3 and NFS caves). The accelerator, located in Caen (France), is based on a linear solution composed of a normal conducting RFQ and a superconducting linac. Intense primary stable beams (deuterons, protons, light and heavy ions) will be accelerated at various energies for nuclear physics. The beam intensity monitoring is a part of the operating range control of the facility. A high level of requirements is imposed on the intensity control system. In 2013, a failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) was performed by a specialized company helped by the GANIL’s Electronic group. This paper presents the analysis and evolutions of the electronic chain of measurement and control.
	Poster WEPF28 [1.130 MB]
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Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOPF04

RHIC Injection Transport Beam Emittance Measurements

emittance, factory, background, extraction

45

J.Y. Huang
Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
D.M. Gassner, M.G. Minty, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, N. Tsoupas, C.M. Zimmer
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

The Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS)-to-Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) transfer line, abbreviated AtR, is an integral component for the transfer of proton and heavy ion bunches from the AGS to RHIC. In this study, using 23.8 GeV proton beams, we focused on factors that may affect the accuracy of emittance measurements that provide information on the quality of the beam injected into RHIC. The method of emittance measurement uses fluorescent screens in the AtR. The factors that may affect the measurement are: background noise, calibration, resolution, and dispersive corrections. Ideal video Offset (black level, brightness) and Gain (contrast) settings were determined for consistent initial conditions in the Flag Profile Monitor (FPM) application. Using this information, we also updated spatial calibrations for the FPM using corresponding fiducial markings and sketches. Resolution error was determined using the Modulation Transfer Function amplitude. To measure the contribution of the beam’s dispersion, we conducted a scan of beam position and size at relevant Beam Position Monitors (BPMs) and Video Profile Monitors (VPMs, or “flags”) by varying the extraction energy with a scan of the RF frequency in the AGS. The combined effects of these factors resulted in slight variations in emittance values, with further analysis suggesting potential discrepancies in the current model of the beam line’s focusing properties. In the process of testing various contributing factors, a system of checks has been established for future studies, providing an efficient, standardized, and reproducible procedure that might encourage greater reliance on the transfer line’s emittance and beam parameter measurements.

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MOPF17

Methods for Measuring the Transverse Beam Profile in the ESS High Intensity Beam

linac, ion, space-charge, photon

93

C. Roose, I. Dolenc Kittelmann, A. Jansson
ESS, Lund, Sweden

The European Spallation Source (ESS), currently under construction, consists of a partly superconducting linac which will deliver a 2 GeV, 5MW proton beam to a rotating tungsten target. Beam transverse profile monitors are required in order to insure that the lattice parameters are set and the beam emittance is matched. Due to the high intensity of the beam and the constraint to perform non-disturbing measurements, non-invasive techniques have to be developed. The non-invasive profile monitors chosen for the ESS are based on the interaction of the beam with the residual gas. Two different devices are developed, one utilises the fluorescence process, the other one the ionisation process. The paper presents their latest preliminary developments.

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MOPD01

RHIC p-Carbon Polarimeter Target Lifetime Issue

target, polarization, detector, simulation

124

H. Huang, E.C. Aschenauer, G. Atoian, A. Bazilevsky, O. Eyser, A. Fernando, D.M. Gassner, D. Kalinkin, J. Kewisch, G.J. Mahler, Y. Makdisi, S. Nemesure, A. Poblaguev, W.B. Schmidke, D. Steski, T. Tsang, K. Yip, A. Zelenski
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
I.G. Alekseev, D. Svirida
ITEP, Moscow, Russia

Funding: Work performed under contract No. DE-AC02-98CH1-886 with the auspices of the DOE of United States
RHIC polarized proton operation requires fast and reliable proton polarimeter for polarization monitoring during stores. Polarimeters based on p-Carbon elastic scattering in the Coulomb Nuclear Interference(CNI) region has been used. Two polarimeters are installed in each of the two collider rings and they are capable to provide important polarization profile information. The polarimeter also provides valuable information for polarization loss on the energy ramp. As the intensity increases over years, the carbon target lifetime is getting shorter and target replacement during operation is necessary. Simulations and experiment tests have been done to address the target lifetime issue. This paper summarizes the recent operation and the target test results.

Poster MOPD01 [10.776 MB]

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MOPD02

The Electron Backscattering Detector (eBSD), a New Tool for the Precise Mutual Alignment of the Electron and Ion Beams in Electron Lenses

electron, ion, detector, scattering

129

P. Thieberger, Z. Altinbas, C. Carlson, C. Chasman, M.R. Costanzo, C. Degen, K.A. Drees, W. Fischer, D.M. Gassner, X. Gu, K. Hamdi, J. Hock, Y. Luo, A. Marusic, T.A. Miller, M.G. Minty, C. Montag, A.I. Pikin, S.M. White
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy
The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) electron lenses, being commissioned to attain higher polarized proton-proton luminosities by partially compensating the beam-beam effect, require good alignment of the electron and proton beams. These beams propagating in opposite directions in a 5T solenoid have a typical rms width of 300 microns and need to overlap each other over an interaction length of about 2 m with deviations of less than ~50 microns. A new beam diagnostic tool to achieve and maintain this alignment is based on detecting electrons that are backscattered in close encounters with protons. Maximizing the intensity of these electrons ensures optimum beam overlap. The successful commissioning of these devices using 100 GeV/amu gold beams is described. Future developments are discussed that will further improve the sensitivity to small angular deviations.

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TUPF04

Numerical Calculations for the FAIR Proton Linac BPMs

linac, simulation, pick-up, vacuum

303

C.S. Simon
CEA/DSM/IRFU, France
M.H. Almalki, P. Forck, W. Kaufmann, T. Sieber
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
V. Bellego
CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

Fourteen Beam Position Monitors (BPMs) will be installed along the FAIR Proton LINAC. These monitors will be used to determine the beam position, the relative beam current and the mean beam energy by time of flight (TOF). A capacitive button type pickup was chosen for its easy mechanical realization and for the short insertion length which is important for the four BPMs locations of the inter-tank sections between the CH-cavities. Depending on the location, the BPM design has to be optimized, taking into account an energy range from 3 MeV to 70 MeV, limited space for installation and a 30 mm or 50 mm beam pipe aperture. This paper reports wake field numerical simulations performed by the code CST PARTICLE STUDIO to design and characterize the BPMs. Time of response of monitors are presented and results of calculations for various pickup-geometries are discussed taking into account different beam velocities.

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TUPF19

Beam Position Monitor Electronics Upgrade for Fermilab Switchyard

detector, extraction, software, interface

365

P. Stabile, J.S. Diamond, J. Fitzgerald, N. Liu, D.K. Morris, P.S. Prieto, J.P. Seraphin
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359
The beam position monitor (BPM) system for Fermilab Switchyard (SY) provides the position, intensity and integrated intensity of the 53.10348MHz RF bunched resonant extracted beam from the Main Injector over 4 seconds of spill. The total beam intensity varies from 1x10¹¹ to 1x1013 protons. The spill is measured by stripline beam postion monitors and resonant circuit. The BPMs have an external resonant circuit tuned to 53.10348MHz. The corresponding voltage signal out of the BPM has been estimated to be between -110dBm and -80dBm.

Poster TUPF19 [5.622 MB]

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TUPF27

Optical System for ESS Target Protection

target, FPGA, operation, radiation

389

C.A. Thomas, M. Donna, T.J. Grandsaert, M. Göhran, R. Linander, T.J. Shea
ESS, Lund, Sweden

One specificity of the ESS accelerator and target is that a high power and ultra low emittance proton beam is sent straight onto a Tungsten target. The high power density proton beam from the ESS linac will damage any material it meets. Thus a strategy to protect the target and the target area has to be deployed: the proton beam on target will be defocused and swept, distributing homogeneously the power density on an area 10⁴ times larger than its non defocused area. On its way towards the target, the beam goes through two windows: the proton beam window (PBW) separating the high vacuum of the accelerator to the 1-bar He filled area of the target monolith; and the target window (TW) marking the entrance area of the target wheel. In this paper, we present the PBW imaging system, one of the proton beam diagnostics to be developed for imaging the proton beam current density deposited in the PBW. We will describe the expected performance of the imaging system in order to satisfy the PBW protection requirement. We will also describe the radiative processes which could be used as the source of the imaging system. Finally, we will describe the necessary condition and hardware for the implementation of a protection system for both the PBW and TW.

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TUPD02

Electron Beam Profiler for the Fermilab Main Injector

electron, gun, simulation, ion

398

R.M. Thurman-Keup, M.L. Alvarez, J. Fitzgerald, C.E. Lundberg, P.S. Prieto
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
W. Blokland
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

The long range plan for Fermilab calls for large proton beam intensities in excess of 2 MW for use in the neutrino program. Measuring the transverse profiles of these high intensity beams is challenging and generally relies on non-invasive techniques. One such technique involves measuring the deflection of a beam of electrons with a trajectory perpendicular to the proton beam. A device such as this is already in use at the Spallation Neutron Source at ORNL and a similar device will be installed shortly in the Fermilab Main Injector. The Main Injector device is discussed in detail and some test results and simulations are shown.

Poster TUPD02 [2.115 MB]

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TUPD04

Third Generation Residual Gas Ionization Profile Monitors at Fermilab.

controls, electron, detector, ion

408

J.R. Zagel, M.L. Alvarez, B.J. Fellenz, C.C. Jensen, C.E. Lundberg, E.S.M. McCrory, D. Slimmer, R.M. Thurman-Keup, D.G. Tinsley
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: DOE
The latest generation of IPM's installed in the Fermilab Main Injector and Recycler incorporate a 1 kG permanent magnet, a newly designed high-gain, rad-tolerant preamp, and a control grid to moderate the charge that is allowed to arrive on the anode pick-up strips. The control grid is intended to select a single Booster batch measurement per turn. Initially it is being used to allow for a faster turn-on of a single, high-intensity cycle in either machine. The expectation is that this will extend the Micro Channel Plate lifetime, which is the high-cost consumable in the measurement system. We discuss the new design and data acquired with this system.

Poster TUPD04 [11.950 MB]

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TUPD13

Experience with and Studies of the SNS Target Imaging System

target, neutron, simulation, operation

447

W. Blokland
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

Funding: ORNL/SNS is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725
The Target Imaging System (TIS) shows the size and position of the proton beam by using a luminescent Cr:Al2O3 coating on the SNS target. The proton beam hitting the coating creates light which is transferred through mirrors and optical fibers to a digital camera outside the high radiation area. The TIS is used during operations to verify that the beam is in the right location and does not exceed the maximum proton beam peak density. This paper describes our operational experience with the TIS and the results of studies on the linearity, uniformity, and luminescence decay of the coating. In the future, tubes with material samples might be placed in front of the target for irradiation studies. The simulations of placing tubes in the front of target coating and its effect on the beam width and position measurements are also discussed.

Poster TUPD13 [3.216 MB]

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TUPD25

Cryogenic Beam Loss Monitors for the Superconducting Magnets of the LHC

detector, cryogenics, radiation, dipole

471

M.R. Bartosik, B. Dehning, M. Sapinski
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
V. Eremin, E. Verbitskaya
IOFFE, St. Petersburg, Russia
E. Griesmayer
CIVIDEC Instrumentation, Wien, Austria
C. Kurfuerst
EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria

Funding: This research project has been supported by a Marie Curie Early Initial Training Network Fellowship of the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (contract number: PITN-GA-2011-289485-OPAC).
The Beam Loss Monitoring (BLM) detectors close to the interaction points (IP) of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are currently located outside the cryostat, far from the superconducting coils of the magnets. In addition to their sensitivity to lost beam particles, they also detect particles coming from the experimental collisions, which do not contribute significantly to the heat deposition in the superconducting coils. In the future, with beams of higher energy and brightness resulting in higher luminosity, distinguishing between these interaction products and dangerous quench-provoking beam losses from the primary proton beams will be challenging. The system can be optimised by locating beam loss monitors as close as possible to the superconducting coils, inside the cold mass of the magnets in superfluid helium at 1.9 K. The dose then measured by such Cryogenic Beam Loss Monitors (CryoBLMs) would more precisely correspond to the real dose deposited in the coil. The candidates under investigation for such detectors are based on silicon and diamond, several of which have now been installed inside the magnets in the LHC tunnel. This contribution will present the mechanical and electrical designs of these systems, as well as the results of their qualification testing.

Poster TUPD25 [7.897 MB]

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WEPF03

Upgrade of the Fast Beam Intensity Measurement System for the CERN PS Complex

controls, shielding, vacuum, synchrotron

525

D. Belohrad, J.C.A. Allica, M. Andersen, W. Andreazza, G. Favre, N. Favre, L.K. Jensen, L. Lenardon, W. Vollenberg
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The CERN Proton Synchrotron complex (CPS) has been operational for over 50 years. During this time the Fast Beam Current Transformers (FBCTs) have only been repaired when they ceased to function, or individually modified to cope with new requests. This strategy resulted in a large variation of designs, making their maintenance difficult and limiting the precision with which comparisons could be made between transformers for the measurement of beam intensity transmission. During the first long shut-down of the CERN LHC and its injectors (LS1) these systems have undergone a major consolidation, with detectors and acquisition electronics upgraded to provide a uniform measurement system throughout the PS complex. This paper discusses the solutions used and analyses the first beam measurement results.

Poster WEPF03 [7.547 MB]

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WEPF06

A New Integrating Current Transformer for the LHC

instrumentation, resonance, operation, luminosity

540

L. Søby, D. Belohrad, M. Krupa, P. Odier
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
J.F. Bergoz, F. Stulle
BERGOZ Instrumentation, Saint Genis Pouilly, France

The existing fast beam current transformers of the LHC have been shown to exhibit both bunch length and bunch position dependency. A new Integrating Current Transformer (ICT) have therefore been developed in collaboration with Bergoz Instrumentation to address these issues. As goals a 0.1 %/mm beam position dependency and 0.1 % bunch length dependency were specified, along with a bandwidth of 100 MHz. This paper describes the principles of ICT operation and presents the laboratory measurement results obtained with the first prototypes at CERN.

Poster WEPF06 [2.286 MB]

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WEPF08

Dosimetry of Pulsed Beams in Proton Therapy

experiment, ion, high-voltage, electron

548

J. van de Walle, Y. Claereboudt, G. Krier, D. Prieels
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
G. Boissonnat, J. Colin, J.-M. Fontbonne
LPC, Caen, France

Ion Beam Applications (IBA) has developed in recent years the ProteusONE proton therapy system, which aims at reducing the cost and footprint of proton therapy systems, making them affordable and accessible to more patients worldwide. The heart of the ProteusONE system is a super conducting synchro-cyclotron (S2C2), which provides short (10 μs) proton bunches at 1 kHz. This is in contrast to the proton therapy systems including the IBA Cyclone230, which delivers a continuous beam. Nevertheless, the same average dose rates are provided by both systems. As a consequence, the instantaneous dose rates with the S2C2 are much higher and recombination losses in the large area beam diagnostics and dosimetry devices become non negligible. Since the proton charge which is send to a patient should be measured with high precision, these recombination losses have to be addressed carefully. In this work, a large area (30x30 cm²) and large gap (>3 mm) ionization chamber (IC) is presented which allows to quantify recombination losses in each beam pulse on-line. The principle is based on the introduction of two ionization volumes in series with slightly different gap sizes. The ratio of detected charges in both IC's is the basic observable which is used to recalculate the efficiency of each IC. The principle of this so-called "asymmetric ionization chamber" (AIC) was tested with beam from the S2C2 prototype. The results show that the efficiency can be re-calculated to 0.5% precision for voltages higher than 1000 V. Together with the experimental results, the theoretical background of the recombination losses will be discussed and it will be shown how this theory is applied in a robust and simple way to correct for these losses in the proton therapy system.

Poster WEPF08 [0.999 MB]

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WEPF10

Range Verification System Using Scintillator and CCD Camera System

brightness, ion, flattop, detector

558

N. S. Saotome, T. Furukawa, Y. Hara, K. Mizushima, K. Noda, T. Shirai, R. Tansho
NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
Y. Saraya
National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan

At National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), three-dimensional irradiation with carbon-ion pencil-beam scanning has been performed from 2011. We have been commissioning the irradiation method that employs more than 200 multiple beam energies supplied by synchrotron instead of the energy degraders. The accuracy of the beam energy/range is required for heavy ion treatment especially for using scanning method. ICRU78 recommend checking the range constancy for daily QA. Few-points depth dose measurement using ion chamber is employed for range verification of current daily QA procedure in NIRS. The measurement time for one energy is about 1 minute. Therefore easy and simple range verification system is required. The purpose of this work is to develop range verification system using scintillator and CCD (charge-coupled device) camera and to estimate the accuracy of the range verification using the system. Using proposed system, projected depth dose distribution could be provided by one measurement. This system has potential to be employed for relative range check and range constancy check as comparing with reference data. A NE10² plastic scintillator block was selected for obtained pure tranceparent block. The scintillator was mounted in the black box in order to shade a light in the room. The CCD camera (Type BU-41L, 1360x1024 pixels, Bitran Corp., Japan) was installed perpendicular to the beam axis. Therefore two-dimensional image projected depth dose distribution is provided by measurement. Total 101 mono-energy carbon beams that are in the range from 56 to 430 MeV/n at 6 mm range-in-water interval were tested. The measurement was performed energy by energy sequentially. The range resolution test was performed using thin PMMA plate placed upstream of the system. Measured images were compared with reference images to calculate the relative range deviation using least square method. Short and long time reproducibility and fluence dependence were verified. Measurement time was about 2 minutes for 101 energy beams. Peak-entrance ratio was small due to quenching effect and absorption of the light within the scintillator block. The 6 mm range difference was clearly divided. Reproducibility was well. The difference of fluence with normal treatment operation didn’t effect the range verification. From the results it was concluded that the range check system using scintillator and CCD have nice characteristics for range verification with short time.

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WEPF23

Dosimetric Verification of Lateral Profile with a Unique Ionization Chamber in Therapeutic Ion Beams

ion, target, factory, scattering

597

Y. Hara, T. Furukawa, K. Mizushima, K. Noda, N. S. Saotome, T. Shirai, R. Tansho
NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
Y. Saraya
National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan

It is essential to consider large-angle scattered particles in dose calculation models for therapeutic ion beams. However, it is difﬁcult to measure the small dose contribution from large-angle scattered particles. Therefore, we developed a parallel-plate ionization chamber consisting of concentric electrodes (ICCE) to efﬁciently and easily detect small contributions. The ICCE consists of two successive ICs with a common HV plate. The former is a large plane-parallel IC to measure dose distribution integrated over the whole plane, the latter is a 24-channel parallel-plate IC with concentric electrodes to derive the characteristic parameters describing the lateral beam spread. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of the ICCE. By taking advantage of the characteristic of ICCE, we studied the recombination associated with lateral beam profile. Also, we measured carbon pencil beam in several different media by using ICCE. As a result, we confirmed the ICCE could be used as a useful tool to determine the characterization of the therapeutic ion beams.

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WEPF28

Failure Mode and Effects Analysis of the Beam Intensity Control for the SPIRAL2 Accelerator

controls, linac, ion, diagnostics

613

C. Jamet, T.A. Andre, B. Ducoudret, G. Ledu, S.L. Leloir, S. Loret, C. Potier de courcy
GANIL, Caen, France

The first phase of the SPIRAL2 project includes a driver and its associated new experimental areas (S3 and NFS caves). The accelerator, located in Caen (France), is based on a linear solution composed of a normal conducting RFQ and a superconducting linac. Intense primary stable beams (deuterons, protons, light and heavy ions) will be accelerated at various energies for nuclear physics. The beam intensity monitoring is a part of the operating range control of the facility. A high level of requirements is imposed on the intensity control system. In 2013, a failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) was performed by a specialized company helped by the GANIL’s Electronic group. This paper presents the analysis and evolutions of the electronic chain of measurement and control.

Poster WEPF28 [1.130 MB]

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