IBIC2014 - List of Keywords (ion)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOCYB3	Longitudinal Laser Wire at SNS	laser, background, electron, controls	12
	A.P. Zhukov, A.V. Aleksandrov, Y. Liu ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	Funding: ORNL/SNS is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. This paper describes a longitudinal H⁻ beam profile scanner that utilizes laser light to detach convoy electrons and an MCP to collect and measure these electrons. The scanner is located in MEBT with H⁻ energy of 2.5MeV and an RF frequency 402.5MHz. The picosecond pulsed laser runs at 80.5MHz in sync with the accelerator RF. The laser beam is delivered to the beam line through a 30m optical fiber. The pulse width after the fiber transmission measures about 10ps. Scanning the laser phase effectively allows measurements to move along ion bunch longitudinal position. We are able to reliably measure production beam bunch length with this method. The biggest problem we have encountered is background signal from electrons being stripped by vacuum. Several techniques of signal detection are discussed.
	Slides MOCYB3 [4.519 MB]
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MOPF05	Instrumentation for the Proposed Low Energy RHIC Electron Cooling Project with Energy Recovery	electron, emittance, gun, linac	49
	D.M. Gassner, A.V. Fedotov, R.L. Hulsart, D. Kayran, V. Litvinenko, R.J. Michnoff, T.A. Miller, M.G. Minty, I. Pinayev, M. Wilinski BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy There is a strong interest in running RHIC at low ion beam energies of 7.7-20 GeV/nucleon [1]; this is much lower than the typical operations with 100 GeV/nucleon. The primary motivation for this effort is to explore the existence and location of the critical point on the QCD phase diagram. Electron cooling can increase the average integrated luminosity and increase the length of the stored lifetime. A cooling system is being designed that will provide a 30 – 50 mA electron beam with adequate quality and an energy range of 1.6 – 5 MeV. The cooling facility is planned to be inside the RHIC tunnel. The injector will include a 704 MHz SRF gun, a 704 MHz 5-cell SRF cavity followed by a normal conducting 2.1 GHz cavity. Electrons from the injector will be transported to the Yellow RHIC ring to allow electron-ion co-propagation for ~20 m, then a 180 degree U-turn electron transport so the same electron beam can similarly cool the Blue ion beam. After the cooling process with electron beam energies of 1.6 to 2 MeV, the electrons will be transported directly to a dump. When cooling with higher energy electrons between 2 and 5 MeV, after the cooling process, they will be routed through the acceleration cavity again to allow energy recovery and less power deposited in the dump. Special consideration is given to ensure overlap of electron and ion beams in the cooling section and achieving the requirements needed for cooling. The instrumentation systems described will include current transformers, beam position monitors, profile monitors, an emittance slit station, recombination and beam loss monitors.
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MOPF09	Absolute Beam Emittance Measurements at RHIC Using Ionization Profile Monitors	emittance, detector, acceleration, heavy-ion	64
	M.G. Minty, R. Connolly, C. Liu, T. Summers, S. Tepikian BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy In this report we present studies of and measurements from the RHIC ionization profile monitors (IPMs). Improved accuracy in the emittance measurements has been achieved by (1) continual design enhancements over the years, (2) application of channel-by-channel offset corrections and gain calibrations in the beam profile measurements and (3) use of measured beta functions at the locations of the IPMs. The removal of systematic errors in the emittance measurements was confirmed by the convergence of all four planes of measurement (horizontal and vertical planes of both the Blue and Yellow beams) to a common value during beam operations with stochastic cooling. Consistency with independent measurements (luminosity-based using zero degree counters) at the colliding beam experiments STAR and PHENIX was demonstrated.
	Poster MOPF09 [1.109 MB]
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MOPF17	Methods for Measuring the Transverse Beam Profile in the ESS High Intensity Beam	linac, proton, space-charge, photon	93
	C. Roose, I. Dolenc Kittelmann, A. Jansson ESS, Lund, Sweden
	The European Spallation Source (ESS), currently under construction, consists of a partly superconducting linac which will deliver a 2 GeV, 5MW proton beam to a rotating tungsten target. Beam transverse profile monitors are required in order to insure that the lattice parameters are set and the beam emittance is matched. Due to the high intensity of the beam and the constraint to perform non-disturbing measurements, non-invasive techniques have to be developed. The non-invasive profile monitors chosen for the ESS are based on the interaction of the beam with the residual gas. Two different devices are developed, one utilises the fluorescence process, the other one the ionisation process. The paper presents their latest preliminary developments.
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MOPD02	The Electron Backscattering Detector (eBSD), a New Tool for the Precise Mutual Alignment of the Electron and Ion Beams in Electron Lenses	electron, proton, detector, scattering	129
	P. Thieberger, Z. Altinbas, C. Carlson, C. Chasman, M.R. Costanzo, C. Degen, K.A. Drees, W. Fischer, D.M. Gassner, X. Gu, K. Hamdi, J. Hock, Y. Luo, A. Marusic, T.A. Miller, M.G. Minty, C. Montag, A.I. Pikin, S.M. White BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) electron lenses, being commissioned to attain higher polarized proton-proton luminosities by partially compensating the beam-beam effect, require good alignment of the electron and proton beams. These beams propagating in opposite directions in a 5T solenoid have a typical rms width of 300 microns and need to overlap each other over an interaction length of about 2 m with deviations of less than ~50 microns. A new beam diagnostic tool to achieve and maintain this alignment is based on detecting electrons that are backscattered in close encounters with protons. Maximizing the intensity of these electrons ensures optimum beam overlap. The successful commissioning of these devices using 100 GeV/amu gold beams is described. Future developments are discussed that will further improve the sensitivity to small angular deviations.
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MOPD26	A Bunch Extension Monitor for the Spiral2 LINAC	linac, detector, diagnostics, photon	212
	J.L. Vignet, R.V. Revenko GANIL, Caen, France
	Measurements of the longitudinal shape of bunched beam particles are crucial for optimization and control of LINAC beam parameters and maximization of its integrated luminosity. The non-interceptive bunch extension monitor for the LINAC at the SPIRAL2 facility is being developed at GANIL. Five bunch extension monitors will be installed at the beginning of the LINAC between superconducting cavities. The principle of operation is based on the registration of x-rays induced by ions of accelerator beam interacting with a thin tungsten wire positioned on the beam path. The monitor consists of two parts: a system for wire insertion and positioning, and an x-ray detector based on microchannel plates (MCPs). A detector prototype has been developed over the past three years and was tested using both protons and heavy ions beams.
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TUIYB1	Diagnostics for High Power Accelerator Machine Protection Systems	radiation, monitoring, neutron, hadron	239
	S.M. Lidia FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661, the State of Michigan and Michigan State University. Modern hadron accelerators create and transport beams that carry MW-scale power or store GJ-scale energy. The Machine Protection Systems (MPS) that guard against both catastrophic failures and long-term performance degradation must mitigate errant beam events on time scales as short as several microseconds. Measurement systems must also cope with detection over many orders of magnitude in beam intensity to adequately measure and respond beam halo loss. Other issues, such as radiated signal cross-talk, also confound and complicate delicate measurements. These requirements place enormous demands on the MPS beam diagnostics and beam loss monitors. We will review the current state of MPS diagnostic systems for this class of accelerator, including SNS, ESS, FRIB, LHC, J-PARC, and SPIRAL-II. Specific designs and key performance results will be presented and discussed.
	Slides TUIYB1 [7.425 MB]
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TUCYB1	Study of scintillation stability in KBr, YAG:Ce, CaF2:Eu and CsI:Tl Irradiated by Various-Energy Protons	radiation, target, emittance, photon	250
	L.Y. Lin FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	The luminescence of KBr, YAG:Ce, CaF2:Eu and CsI:Tl scintillators induced with H²⁺ ion beams in the energy range of 600-2150 keV/u has been systematically measured as a function of irradiation time. The measurements showed that the luminescence of CsI:Tl and YAG:Ce remained constant within the 1-hour continuous irradiation. An initial fast drop of the luminescence on CaF2:Eu was observed but the light output eventually approached a stable state under constant ion bombardment. We also observed that the light output of KBr initially increased and then degraded gradually with further irradiation. The CsI:Tl screen produced the highest scintillation yield and KBr the lowest.
	Slides TUCYB1 [2.078 MB]
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TUCZB3	A Quantum Gas Jet for Non-Invasive Beam Profile Measurement	focusing, photon, electron, vacuum	284
	A. Jeff, E.B. Holzer, T. Lefèvre CERN, Geneva, Switzerland A. Jeff, V. Tzoganis, C.P. Welsch, H.D. Zhang The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom V. Tzoganis, C.P. Welsch, H.D. Zhang Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	A novel instrument for accelerator beam diagnostics is being developed by using De Broglie-wave focusing to create an ultra-thin neutral gas jet. Scanning the gas jet across a particle beam while measuring the interaction products, the beam profile can be measured. Such a jet scanner will provide an invaluable diagnostic tool in beams which are too intense for the use of wire scanners, such as the proposed CLIC Drive Beam. In order to create a sufficiently thin jet, a focusing element working on the DeBroglie wavelength of the Helium atom has been designed. Following the principles of the Photon Sieve, we have constructed an Atomic Sieve consisting of 5230 nano-holes etched into a thin film of silicon nitride. When a quasi-monochromatic Helium jet is incident on the sieve, an interference pattern with a single central maximum is created. The stream of Helium atoms passing through this central maximum is much narrower than a conventional gas jet. The first experiences with this device are presented here, along with plans for further tests.
	Slides TUCZB3 [13.880 MB]
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TUPF16	FRIB Beam Position Monitor Pick-Up Design	linac, pick-up, cryogenics, cavity	355
	O. Yair, J.L. Crisp, G. Kiupel, S.M. Lidia, R.C. Webber FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	Due to the different beam diameters and the inclusion of superconducting cavities, different Beam Position Monitor (BPM) types with welded buttons are to be used in the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB). The varying BPM sizes include the following apertures: 40 mm, 50 mm, 100 mm, and 150 mm. The 40 mm BPMs include both warm and cold types where the cold BPMs are located in cryomodules next to SRF cavities. Steel-jacketed SiO2 coaxial cables with sealed SMA connectors have been selected as signal cables in the cryomodule insulating vacuum. These will connect to the BPM assembly at roughly 4 K temperature at one end and to the feedthrough flange in the vacuum vessel wall at 300 K at the other end. The 40 mm and 50 mm BPMs will include 20 mm custom-made buttons. The 100 mm and 150 mm aperture BPM buttons will be larger, anywhere from 30 mm to 40 mm. This paper will specify the mechanical and electrical design challenges and the resolutions associated with FRIB operations in the following areas: varying BPM conditions, changes in apertures, and variants in button sizes.
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TUPD01	Distinct Transverse Emittance Measurements of the PXIE LEBT	emittance, solenoid, dipole, ion-source	393
	R.T.P. D'Arcy, B.M. Hanna, L.R. Prost, V.E. Scarpine, A.V. Shemyakin, J. Steimel Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359. PXIE is the front-end test stand of the proposed PIP-II initiative i.e. the first step towards a CW-compatible, pulsed H⁻ superconducting RF linac upgrade to Fermilab’s injection complex. The test stand for this machine will be built step-wise; the Ion Source and Low-Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) are currently in place, with the RFQ and MEBT due for installation 2015. The initial LEBT configuration under investigation in this paper is comprised of a D-Pace Filament-driven H⁻ source and a single downstream solenoid, accompanied by a number of beam-diagnostic tools. The emittance studies expounded are performed via two methods: a position-angle phase-space sweep using an Allison-type emittance scanner; a solenoid corrector-induced transverse beam shift, impinging the bunch on an isolated, biased diaphragm. A detailed comparison of the two results is outlined.
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TUPD02	Electron Beam Profiler for the Fermilab Main Injector	electron, proton, gun, simulation	398
	R.M. Thurman-Keup, M.L. Alvarez, J. Fitzgerald, C.E. Lundberg, P.S. Prieto Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA W. Blokland ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	The long range plan for Fermilab calls for large proton beam intensities in excess of 2 MW for use in the neutrino program. Measuring the transverse profiles of these high intensity beams is challenging and generally relies on non-invasive techniques. One such technique involves measuring the deflection of a beam of electrons with a trajectory perpendicular to the proton beam. A device such as this is already in use at the Spallation Neutron Source at ORNL and a similar device will be installed shortly in the Fermilab Main Injector. The Main Injector device is discussed in detail and some test results and simulations are shown.
	Poster TUPD02 [2.115 MB]
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TUPD04	Third Generation Residual Gas Ionization Profile Monitors at Fermilab.	controls, electron, detector, proton	408
	J.R. Zagel, M.L. Alvarez, B.J. Fellenz, C.C. Jensen, C.E. Lundberg, E.S.M. McCrory, D. Slimmer, R.M. Thurman-Keup, D.G. Tinsley Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: DOE The latest generation of IPM's installed in the Fermilab Main Injector and Recycler incorporate a 1 kG permanent magnet, a newly designed high-gain, rad-tolerant preamp, and a control grid to moderate the charge that is allowed to arrive on the anode pick-up strips. The control grid is intended to select a single Booster batch measurement per turn. Initially it is being used to allow for a faster turn-on of a single, high-intensity cycle in either machine. The expectation is that this will extend the Micro Channel Plate lifetime, which is the high-cost consumable in the measurement system. We discuss the new design and data acquired with this system.
	Poster TUPD04 [11.950 MB]
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TUPD05	Optimization of Beam Induced Fluorescence Monitors for Profile Measurements of High Current Heavy Ion Beams at GSI	detector, operation, background, experiment	412
	C. Andre, P. Forck, R. Haseitl, A. Reiter, R. Singh, B. Walasek-Höhne GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	To cope with the demands of the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) for high current operation at the GSI Heavy Ion Linear Accelerator UNILAC non intercepting methods for transverse beam profile measurement are required. In addition to intercepting diagnostics like Secondary Electron Emission Grid (SEM-Grid) or scintillating screens, the Beam Induced Fluorescence (BIF) Monitor, an optical measurement device based on the observation of fluorescent light emitted by excited nitrogen molecules, was brought to routine operation. Starting with the first installations in 2008 and consequent improvements, successively six monitors were set up in the UNILAC and in the transfer line (TK) towards the synchrotron SIS18. BIF is used as a standard diagnostic tool to observe the ion beam at kinetic energies between 1.4 and 11.4 MeV/u. Beside the standard operation mode where the gas pressure is varied, further detailed investigations were conducted. The BIF setups were tested with various beam parameters. Different settings of camera, optics and image intensification were applied to improve the image quality for data analysis. In parallel, the light yield from different setups was compared for various ions, charge states, beam energies and particle numbers.
	Poster TUPD05 [0.639 MB]
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TUPD07	Performance Demonstration of the Non-Invasive Bunch Shape Monitor at GSI High Current LINAC	background, electron, linac, detector	421
	B. Zwicker, O.K. Kester IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany C. Dorn, P. Forck, O.K. Kester, P. Kowina, B. Zwicker GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	Funding: Supported by EU-Project CRISP, WP3 T1 ‘Non-intercepting Bunch Shape Monitors‘ At the heavy ion LINAC at GSI, a novel scheme of non-invasive Bunch Shape Monitor has been tested with several ions beam at 11.4 MeV/u and beam current in the range from 80 μA to 1000 μA. Caused by the beam impact on the residual gas, secondary electrons are liberated. These electrons are accelerated by an electrostatic field, transported through a sophisticated electrostatic energy analyzer and an rf-deflector, acting as a time-to-space converter. Finally a MCP amplifies the electrons and the electron distribution is detected by a CCD camera. For the applied beam settings this Bunch Shape Monitor is able to obtain longitudinal profiles down to of 250 ps RMS width with an RMS resolution of 34 ps, corresponding to 0.5° of the 36 MHz acceleration frequency. Systematic parameter studies, for the device were performed to demonstrate the applicability and to determine the achievable resolution. The background contribution, as orginated by x-rays, are investigated.
	Poster TUPD07 [4.425 MB]
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TUPD21	AC Coupling Studies and Circuit Model for Loss Monitor Ring	niobium, background, coupling, simulation	455
	Z. Liu, J.L. Crisp, S.M. Lidia FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661, the State of Michigan and Michigan State University. As a follow-up study to the initial design of FRIB Loss Monitor Ring (previously named Halo Monitor Ring [1]), we present recent results of coupling studies between the FRIB CW beam and the Loss Monitor Ring (LMR). While a ~33 kHz low-pass filter was proposed to attenuate high-frequency AC-coupled signals [1,2], the LMR current signal may still contain low frequency signals induced by the un-intercepted beam, for example, by the 50μs beam notch that repeats every 10ms. We use CST Microwave Studio to simulate the AC response of a Gaussian source signal and benchmarked it to analytical model. A circuit model for beam-notch-induced AC signal is deduced and should put a ~33pA (peak) bipolar pulse on the LMR at 100Hz repetition rate. Although its amplitude falls into our tolerable region, we could consider an extended background integration to eliminate this effect.
	Poster TUPD21 [1.201 MB]
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TUPD22	Beam Loss Monitor at SuperKEKB	electronics, injection, positron, hardware	459
	H. Ikeda, M. Arinaga, J.W. Flanagan, H. Fukuma, M. Tobiyama KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	We will use beam loss monitors for protection of the hardware of SuperKEKB against the unexpected sudden beam loss. The sensors are ion chambers and PIN photo-diodes. The loss monitor system gives an important trigger for the beam abort system. We can optimize the threshold of the abort trigger by checking the beam information at each abort moment. This paper explains the overall system of the SuperKEKB beam loss monitors including the damping ring.
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WECZB1	A SQUID-Based Beam Current Monitor for FAIR/CRYRING	pick-up, electronics, cryogenics, niobium	510
	R. Geithner, T. Stöhlker IOQ, Jena, Germany R. Geithner, T. Stöhlker HIJ, Jena, Germany F. Kurian, H. Reeg, M. Schwickert, T. Stöhlker GSI, Darmstadt, Germany R. Neubert, P. Seidel FSU Jena, Jena, Germany
	A SQUID-based beam current monitor was developed for the upcoming FAIR-Project, providing a non-destructive online monitoring of the beam currents in the nA-range. The Cryogenic Current Comparator (CCC) was optimized for a lowest possible noise-limited current resolution together with a high system bandwidth. This CCC should be installed in the CRYRING facility, working as a test bench for FAIR. In this contribution we present results of the completed CCC for FAIR/CRYRING and also arrangements that have been done for the installation of the CCC at CRYRING, regarding the cryostat design.
	Slides WECZB1 [6.109 MB]
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WEPF07	Optimization of a Short Faraday Cup for Low-Energy Ions Using Numerical Simulations	electron, diagnostics, simulation, linac	544
	A.G. Sosa, E. Bravin, E.D. Cantero CERN, Geneva, Switzerland C.P. Welsch Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom C.P. Welsch The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
	Funding: CATHI is a Marie Curie Initial Training Network funded by the European Commission under Grant Agreement Number PITN-GA-2010-264330. ISOLDE, the heavy-ion facility at CERN is undergoing a major upgrade with the installation of a superconducting LINAC that will allow post-acceleration of ion beams up to 10 MeV/u. In this framework, customized beam diagnostics are being developed in order to fulfill the design requirements as well as to fit in the compact diagnostic boxes foreseen. The main detector of this system is a compact Faraday cup that will measure beam intensities in the range of 1 pA to 1 nA. In this contribution, simulation results of electrostatic fields and particle tracking are detailed for different Faraday cup prototypes taking into account the energy spectrum and angle of emission of the ion-induced secondary electrons.
	Poster WEPF07 [1.282 MB]
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WEPF08	Dosimetry of Pulsed Beams in Proton Therapy	proton, experiment, high-voltage, electron	548
	J. van de Walle, Y. Claereboudt, G. Krier, D. Prieels IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium G. Boissonnat, J. Colin, J.-M. Fontbonne LPC, Caen, France
	Ion Beam Applications (IBA) has developed in recent years the ProteusONE proton therapy system, which aims at reducing the cost and footprint of proton therapy systems, making them affordable and accessible to more patients worldwide. The heart of the ProteusONE system is a super conducting synchro-cyclotron (S2C2), which provides short (10 μs) proton bunches at 1 kHz. This is in contrast to the proton therapy systems including the IBA Cyclone230, which delivers a continuous beam. Nevertheless, the same average dose rates are provided by both systems. As a consequence, the instantaneous dose rates with the S2C2 are much higher and recombination losses in the large area beam diagnostics and dosimetry devices become non negligible. Since the proton charge which is send to a patient should be measured with high precision, these recombination losses have to be addressed carefully. In this work, a large area (30x30 cm²) and large gap (>3 mm) ionization chamber (IC) is presented which allows to quantify recombination losses in each beam pulse on-line. The principle is based on the introduction of two ionization volumes in series with slightly different gap sizes. The ratio of detected charges in both IC's is the basic observable which is used to recalculate the efficiency of each IC. The principle of this so-called "asymmetric ionization chamber" (AIC) was tested with beam from the S2C2 prototype. The results show that the efficiency can be re-calculated to 0.5% precision for voltages higher than 1000 V. Together with the experimental results, the theoretical background of the recombination losses will be discussed and it will be shown how this theory is applied in a robust and simple way to correct for these losses in the proton therapy system.
	Poster WEPF08 [0.999 MB]
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WEPF10	Range Verification System Using Scintillator and CCD Camera System	brightness, proton, flattop, detector	558
	N. S. Saotome, T. Furukawa, Y. Hara, K. Mizushima, K. Noda, T. Shirai, R. Tansho NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan Y. Saraya National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
	At National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), three-dimensional irradiation with carbon-ion pencil-beam scanning has been performed from 2011. We have been commissioning the irradiation method that employs more than 200 multiple beam energies supplied by synchrotron instead of the energy degraders. The accuracy of the beam energy/range is required for heavy ion treatment especially for using scanning method. ICRU78 recommend checking the range constancy for daily QA. Few-points depth dose measurement using ion chamber is employed for range verification of current daily QA procedure in NIRS. The measurement time for one energy is about 1 minute. Therefore easy and simple range verification system is required. The purpose of this work is to develop range verification system using scintillator and CCD (charge-coupled device) camera and to estimate the accuracy of the range verification using the system. Using proposed system, projected depth dose distribution could be provided by one measurement. This system has potential to be employed for relative range check and range constancy check as comparing with reference data. A NE10² plastic scintillator block was selected for obtained pure tranceparent block. The scintillator was mounted in the black box in order to shade a light in the room. The CCD camera (Type BU-41L, 1360x1024 pixels, Bitran Corp., Japan) was installed perpendicular to the beam axis. Therefore two-dimensional image projected depth dose distribution is provided by measurement. Total 101 mono-energy carbon beams that are in the range from 56 to 430 MeV/n at 6 mm range-in-water interval were tested. The measurement was performed energy by energy sequentially. The range resolution test was performed using thin PMMA plate placed upstream of the system. Measured images were compared with reference images to calculate the relative range deviation using least square method. Short and long time reproducibility and fluence dependence were verified. Measurement time was about 2 minutes for 101 energy beams. Peak-entrance ratio was small due to quenching effect and absorption of the light within the scintillator block. The 6 mm range difference was clearly divided. Reproducibility was well. The difference of fluence with normal treatment operation didn’t effect the range verification. From the results it was concluded that the range check system using scintillator and CCD have nice characteristics for range verification with short time.
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WEPF12	A Diagnostics of Ion Beam from 28 GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source	diagnostics, ECR, ion-source, emittance	561
	J.W. Ok, S. Choi, J.G. Hong, S.J. Kim, B.S. Lee, J.Y. Park, C.S. Shin, M. Won, J.H. Yoon Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea J. Bahng Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
	A neutron radiography facility utilizing a 28 GHz superconducting electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source and a heavy ion accelerator is now under construction at Korea Basic Science Institute (KSBI). In order to generate a proper energy distribution of neutron, a lithium ion beam is considered. It will be accelerated up to the energy of 2.7 MeV/u by using a radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) and drift tube linear (DTL) accelerator. The 28 GHz superconducting ECR ion source, which is the state of the art of an ion injector, has been built to produce the lithium ion beam. The ion beam of 12 keV/u would be extracted to low energy beam transport (LEBT) system, which is comprised of several types of electromagnets to focus and deliver the beam, effectively. After transporting an ion beam through LEBT, RFQ once accelerates the ion beam from 12 to 500 keV/u. Finally, we can achieve the final beam energy at the DTL. Before the ion beam is delivered to accelerator, the requirements should be satisfied to confirm the status of beam. For this, we developed the instruments in the diagnostic chamber in the middle of LEBT system to observe the beam dynamics. An analyzing electromagnet, slits, wire scanners and faraday cup will be used to perform a diagnosis of ion beam characteristics. We will present and discuss the experimental results of ion beam profile and the current after selecting a required charge state.
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WEPF17	Error Analysis for Pepperpot Emittance Measurements Redux: Correlated Phase Spaces	emittance, background, target, diagnostics	579
	S.M. Lidia FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA K. Murphy LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	Funding: This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Recently, Jolly et al. presented an analysis of the rms emittance measurement errors from a first principles approach [1]. Their approach demonstrated the propagation of errors in the single-plane rms emittance determination from several instrument and beam related sources. We have extended the analysis of error propagation and estimation to the fully correlated 4-D phase space emittances obtained from pepperpot measurements. We present the calculation of the variances using a Cholesky decomposition approach. Pepperpot data from recent experiments on the NDCX-II beamline are described, and estimates of the emittances and measurement errors for the 4-D as well as the projected rms emittances in this coupled system are presented. [1] S. Jolly, et al., “Data Acquisition and Error Analysis for Pepperpot Emittance Measurements”, Proceedings of DIPAC ’09, WEOA03.
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WEPF23	Dosimetric Verification of Lateral Profile with a Unique Ionization Chamber in Therapeutic Ion Beams	target, factory, proton, scattering	597
	Y. Hara, T. Furukawa, K. Mizushima, K. Noda, N. S. Saotome, T. Shirai, R. Tansho NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan Y. Saraya National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
	It is essential to consider large-angle scattered particles in dose calculation models for therapeutic ion beams. However, it is difﬁcult to measure the small dose contribution from large-angle scattered particles. Therefore, we developed a parallel-plate ionization chamber consisting of concentric electrodes (ICCE) to efﬁciently and easily detect small contributions. The ICCE consists of two successive ICs with a common HV plate. The former is a large plane-parallel IC to measure dose distribution integrated over the whole plane, the latter is a 24-channel parallel-plate IC with concentric electrodes to derive the characteristic parameters describing the lateral beam spread. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of the ICCE. By taking advantage of the characteristic of ICCE, we studied the recombination associated with lateral beam profile. Also, we measured carbon pencil beam in several different media by using ICCE. As a result, we confirmed the ICCE could be used as a useful tool to determine the characterization of the therapeutic ion beams.
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WEPF24	Development of Three-Dimensional Dose Verification System using a Fluorescent Screen in Ion Beam Therapy	brightness, background, experiment, heavy-ion	601
	Y. Hara, T. Furukawa, K. Mizushima, K. Noda, N. S. Saotome, T. Shirai, E. Takeshita, R. Tansho NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan Y. Saraya National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
	For quality assurance (QA) of therapeutic ion beams, QA tool having high spatial resolution and quick verification is required. The imaging system with a fluorescent screen is suitable for QA procedure. We developed a quick veriﬁcation system (NQA-SCN) using a ﬂuorescent screen with a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera for the sake of two dimensional dosimetry. In carbon-ion therapy, the ﬂuorescent light is decreased by suffering from quenching effect due to the increased linear energy transfer (LET) in the Bragg peak. For the use of three-dimensional dose verification, we performed a simple correction for quenching effect and several types of corrections for the optical artifact. In addition, NQA-SCN is attached with an accordion-type water phantom which makes it possible to easily change measurement depth. To evaluate the performance of NQA-SCN, we carried out experiments concerning QA procedures. In my presentation, we provide correction methods and detailed analysis of measured results.
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WEPF28	Failure Mode and Effects Analysis of the Beam Intensity Control for the SPIRAL2 Accelerator	controls, linac, proton, diagnostics	613
	C. Jamet, T.A. Andre, B. Ducoudret, G. Ledu, S.L. Leloir, S. Loret, C. Potier de courcy GANIL, Caen, France
	The first phase of the SPIRAL2 project includes a driver and its associated new experimental areas (S3 and NFS caves). The accelerator, located in Caen (France), is based on a linear solution composed of a normal conducting RFQ and a superconducting linac. Intense primary stable beams (deuterons, protons, light and heavy ions) will be accelerated at various energies for nuclear physics. The beam intensity monitoring is a part of the operating range control of the facility. A high level of requirements is imposed on the intensity control system. In 2013, a failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) was performed by a specialized company helped by the GANIL’s Electronic group. This paper presents the analysis and evolutions of the electronic chain of measurement and control.
	Poster WEPF28 [1.130 MB]
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WEPF30	Study of General Ion Recombination for Beam Monitor used in Particle Radiotherapy	detector, cathode, controls, factory	620
	R. Tansho, T. Furukawa, Y. Hara, K. Mizushima, K. Noda, N. S. Saotome, T. Shirai NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan Y. Saraya National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
	Heavy ion particles such as carbon ion beams are effective tools for cancer radiotherapy because of the higher dose localization and biological effectiveness by using the characteristic dose distribution with the Bragg peak. In the particle radiotherapy, it is important to conform a dose distribution and deliver prescribed dose to a tumor. An ionization chamber is usually used as a beam monitor to control the prescribed dose to the target. Then new treatment research facility at National Institute of Radiological Science (NIRS) uses beam scanning irradiation system that make uniform dose distribution in the target volume by superposing dose deposit of an individual pencil beam. In order to increase dose concentration to the target and also decrease irradiation time, it is necessary to minimize the pencil beam size and to increase the beam intensity. As the result, the localization of the pencil beam with high intensity increases the number of general ion recombination in the beam monitor. Therefore, we need to predict the ion recombination rate in the beam monitor for accurate control of the dose. For our purpose, we developed calculation code to predict the ion recombination rate when the pencil beam scanning is used. The calculation code can divide a pencil beam into a sub region and calculate ion recombination rate in each sub region by using Boag theory. We present the calculation results compared with measurements for verification of our calculation code.
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WEPF31	Sensor Studies for DC Current Transformer Application	synchrotron, storage-ring, instrumentation, feedback	624
	E. Soliman, K. Hofmann TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany H. Reeg, M. Schwickert GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	DC Current Transformers (DCCTs) are known since decades as non-intercepting standard tools for online beam current measurement in synchrotrons and storage rings. In general, the measurement principle of commonly used DCCTs is to introduce a modulating AC signal for a pair of ferromagnetic toroid. A passing DC ion beam leads to an asymmetric shift of the hysteresis curves of the toroid pair. However, a drawback for this measurement principle is found at certain revolution frequencies in ring accelerators, when interference caused by the modulating frequency and its harmonics leads to inaccurate readings by the DCCT. Recent developments of magnetic field sensors allow for new approaches towards a DCCT design without using the modulation principle. This paper shows a review of different kinds of usable magnetic sensors, their characteristics and how they could be used in novel DCCT instruments.
	Poster WEPF31 [4.396 MB]
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WEPD03	Conceptual Design of Elliptical Cavity Beam Position Monitors for Heavy Ion Storage Rings	cavity, storage-ring, pick-up, impedance	634
	M.S. Sanjari, X. Chen, P. Hülsmann, Yu.A. Litvinov, F. Nolden, M. Steck, T. Stöhlker GSI, Darmstadt, Germany J. Piotrowski AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
	Funding: M.S.S. acknowledges partial support by the Alliance Program of the Helmholtz Association (HA216/EMMI). X.C. acknowledges funding by the European Commission (PITN-GA-2011-289485). Over 50 years in the history of accelerator physics, RF cavities have been used as beam position and intensity monitors. Their structure has been extensively discussed across numerous papers reporting their successful operation. The application of RF cavities as pick-ups has recently been extended to include radioactive ion beam (RIB) facilities and heavy ion storage rings. These pick-ups allow for very sensitive, accurate, and quick characterisation of ion beams and turn out to be indispensable tools in nuclear as well as atomic physics experiments. A notable example is the resonant pick-up in the ESR at GSI Darmstadt () where single ion detection was achieved for lifetime measurements of radioactive nuclides (). A similar cavity pick-up was installed in CSRe in IMP Lanzhou (*). In this work, we describe a novel conceptual approach that utilizes RF cavities with an elliptical geometry. While requiring a high precision determination of the position and intensity of particle beams, it has to cope with design restriction at heavy-ion storage rings such as large beam pipe apertures. The latter become inevitable at facilities aiming at storing large-emittance beams as, e.g., planned in the future Collector Ring (CR) of the FAIR project at GSI Darmstadt. Simulation results are accompanied by results achieved from bench-top measurements on model cavities. F. Nolden et. al., NIM A, v 659 No 1 pp 69–77 (2011) P. Kienle, F. Bosch et. al., Phys. Lett. B, v 726, 4–5, pp 638–645 (2013) * J. X. Wu et. al., NIM B, v 317, pp 623–628 (2013)
	Poster WEPD03 [1.967 MB]
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WEPD27	Commissioning of Bunch-by-Bunch Feedback System for NSLS2 Storage Ring	feedback, storage-ring, kicker, betatron	707
	W.X. Cheng, B. Bacha, Y. Hu, O. Singh, H. Xu BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA D. Teytelman Dimtel, San Jose, USA
	NSLS2 Storage Ring transverse bunch by bunch feedback system has been designed to cure the coupled bunch instabilities, caused by HOM, resistive wall or ions. The system has been constructed, tested and commissioned with beam. Preliminary studies show that the feedback system can suppress single bunch instability. Mode analysis of the unstable coupled bunch motion reveals fast ion instability exist even at relative low current. The bunch by bunch feedback system performance will be presented in this paper.
	Poster WEPD27 [0.623 MB]
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Paper

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MOCYB3

Longitudinal Laser Wire at SNS

laser, background, electron, controls

12

A.P. Zhukov, A.V. Aleksandrov, Y. Liu
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

Funding: ORNL/SNS is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725.
This paper describes a longitudinal H⁻ beam profile scanner that utilizes laser light to detach convoy electrons and an MCP to collect and measure these electrons. The scanner is located in MEBT with H⁻ energy of 2.5MeV and an RF frequency 402.5MHz. The picosecond pulsed laser runs at 80.5MHz in sync with the accelerator RF. The laser beam is delivered to the beam line through a 30m optical fiber. The pulse width after the fiber transmission measures about 10ps. Scanning the laser phase effectively allows measurements to move along ion bunch longitudinal position. We are able to reliably measure production beam bunch length with this method. The biggest problem we have encountered is background signal from electrons being stripped by vacuum. Several techniques of signal detection are discussed.

Slides MOCYB3 [4.519 MB]

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MOPF05

Instrumentation for the Proposed Low Energy RHIC Electron Cooling Project with Energy Recovery

electron, emittance, gun, linac

49

D.M. Gassner, A.V. Fedotov, R.L. Hulsart, D. Kayran, V. Litvinenko, R.J. Michnoff, T.A. Miller, M.G. Minty, I. Pinayev, M. Wilinski
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy
There is a strong interest in running RHIC at low ion beam energies of 7.7-20 GeV/nucleon [1]; this is much lower than the typical operations with 100 GeV/nucleon. The primary motivation for this effort is to explore the existence and location of the critical point on the QCD phase diagram. Electron cooling can increase the average integrated luminosity and increase the length of the stored lifetime. A cooling system is being designed that will provide a 30 – 50 mA electron beam with adequate quality and an energy range of 1.6 – 5 MeV. The cooling facility is planned to be inside the RHIC tunnel. The injector will include a 704 MHz SRF gun, a 704 MHz 5-cell SRF cavity followed by a normal conducting 2.1 GHz cavity. Electrons from the injector will be transported to the Yellow RHIC ring to allow electron-ion co-propagation for ~20 m, then a 180 degree U-turn electron transport so the same electron beam can similarly cool the Blue ion beam. After the cooling process with electron beam energies of 1.6 to 2 MeV, the electrons will be transported directly to a dump. When cooling with higher energy electrons between 2 and 5 MeV, after the cooling process, they will be routed through the acceleration cavity again to allow energy recovery and less power deposited in the dump. Special consideration is given to ensure overlap of electron and ion beams in the cooling section and achieving the requirements needed for cooling. The instrumentation systems described will include current transformers, beam position monitors, profile monitors, an emittance slit station, recombination and beam loss monitors.

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MOPF09

Absolute Beam Emittance Measurements at RHIC Using Ionization Profile Monitors

emittance, detector, acceleration, heavy-ion

64

M.G. Minty, R. Connolly, C. Liu, T. Summers, S. Tepikian
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy
In this report we present studies of and measurements from the RHIC ionization profile monitors (IPMs). Improved accuracy in the emittance measurements has been achieved by (1) continual design enhancements over the years, (2) application of channel-by-channel offset corrections and gain calibrations in the beam profile measurements and (3) use of measured beta functions at the locations of the IPMs. The removal of systematic errors in the emittance measurements was confirmed by the convergence of all four planes of measurement (horizontal and vertical planes of both the Blue and Yellow beams) to a common value during beam operations with stochastic cooling. Consistency with independent measurements (luminosity-based using zero degree counters) at the colliding beam experiments STAR and PHENIX was demonstrated.

Poster MOPF09 [1.109 MB]

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MOPF17

Methods for Measuring the Transverse Beam Profile in the ESS High Intensity Beam

linac, proton, space-charge, photon

93

C. Roose, I. Dolenc Kittelmann, A. Jansson
ESS, Lund, Sweden

The European Spallation Source (ESS), currently under construction, consists of a partly superconducting linac which will deliver a 2 GeV, 5MW proton beam to a rotating tungsten target. Beam transverse profile monitors are required in order to insure that the lattice parameters are set and the beam emittance is matched. Due to the high intensity of the beam and the constraint to perform non-disturbing measurements, non-invasive techniques have to be developed. The non-invasive profile monitors chosen for the ESS are based on the interaction of the beam with the residual gas. Two different devices are developed, one utilises the fluorescence process, the other one the ionisation process. The paper presents their latest preliminary developments.

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MOPD02

The Electron Backscattering Detector (eBSD), a New Tool for the Precise Mutual Alignment of the Electron and Ion Beams in Electron Lenses

electron, proton, detector, scattering

129

P. Thieberger, Z. Altinbas, C. Carlson, C. Chasman, M.R. Costanzo, C. Degen, K.A. Drees, W. Fischer, D.M. Gassner, X. Gu, K. Hamdi, J. Hock, Y. Luo, A. Marusic, T.A. Miller, M.G. Minty, C. Montag, A.I. Pikin, S.M. White
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy
The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) electron lenses, being commissioned to attain higher polarized proton-proton luminosities by partially compensating the beam-beam effect, require good alignment of the electron and proton beams. These beams propagating in opposite directions in a 5T solenoid have a typical rms width of 300 microns and need to overlap each other over an interaction length of about 2 m with deviations of less than ~50 microns. A new beam diagnostic tool to achieve and maintain this alignment is based on detecting electrons that are backscattered in close encounters with protons. Maximizing the intensity of these electrons ensures optimum beam overlap. The successful commissioning of these devices using 100 GeV/amu gold beams is described. Future developments are discussed that will further improve the sensitivity to small angular deviations.

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MOPD26

A Bunch Extension Monitor for the Spiral2 LINAC

linac, detector, diagnostics, photon

212

J.L. Vignet, R.V. Revenko
GANIL, Caen, France

Measurements of the longitudinal shape of bunched beam particles are crucial for optimization and control of LINAC beam parameters and maximization of its integrated luminosity. The non-interceptive bunch extension monitor for the LINAC at the SPIRAL2 facility is being developed at GANIL. Five bunch extension monitors will be installed at the beginning of the LINAC between superconducting cavities. The principle of operation is based on the registration of x-rays induced by ions of accelerator beam interacting with a thin tungsten wire positioned on the beam path. The monitor consists of two parts: a system for wire insertion and positioning, and an x-ray detector based on microchannel plates (MCPs). A detector prototype has been developed over the past three years and was tested using both protons and heavy ions beams.

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TUIYB1

Diagnostics for High Power Accelerator Machine Protection Systems

radiation, monitoring, neutron, hadron

239

S.M. Lidia
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661, the State of Michigan and Michigan State University.
Modern hadron accelerators create and transport beams that carry MW-scale power or store GJ-scale energy. The Machine Protection Systems (MPS) that guard against both catastrophic failures and long-term performance degradation must mitigate errant beam events on time scales as short as several microseconds. Measurement systems must also cope with detection over many orders of magnitude in beam intensity to adequately measure and respond beam halo loss. Other issues, such as radiated signal cross-talk, also confound and complicate delicate measurements. These requirements place enormous demands on the MPS beam diagnostics and beam loss monitors. We will review the current state of MPS diagnostic systems for this class of accelerator, including SNS, ESS, FRIB, LHC, J-PARC, and SPIRAL-II. Specific designs and key performance results will be presented and discussed.

Slides TUIYB1 [7.425 MB]

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TUCYB1

Study of scintillation stability in KBr, YAG:Ce, CaF2:Eu and CsI:Tl Irradiated by Various-Energy Protons

radiation, target, emittance, photon

250

L.Y. Lin
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

The luminescence of KBr, YAG:Ce, CaF2:Eu and CsI:Tl scintillators induced with H²⁺ ion beams in the energy range of 600-2150 keV/u has been systematically measured as a function of irradiation time. The measurements showed that the luminescence of CsI:Tl and YAG:Ce remained constant within the 1-hour continuous irradiation. An initial fast drop of the luminescence on CaF2:Eu was observed but the light output eventually approached a stable state under constant ion bombardment. We also observed that the light output of KBr initially increased and then degraded gradually with further irradiation. The CsI:Tl screen produced the highest scintillation yield and KBr the lowest.

Slides TUCYB1 [2.078 MB]

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TUCZB3

A Quantum Gas Jet for Non-Invasive Beam Profile Measurement

focusing, photon, electron, vacuum

284

A. Jeff, E.B. Holzer, T. Lefèvre
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
A. Jeff, V. Tzoganis, C.P. Welsch, H.D. Zhang
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
V. Tzoganis, C.P. Welsch, H.D. Zhang
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

A novel instrument for accelerator beam diagnostics is being developed by using De Broglie-wave focusing to create an ultra-thin neutral gas jet. Scanning the gas jet across a particle beam while measuring the interaction products, the beam profile can be measured. Such a jet scanner will provide an invaluable diagnostic tool in beams which are too intense for the use of wire scanners, such as the proposed CLIC Drive Beam. In order to create a sufficiently thin jet, a focusing element working on the DeBroglie wavelength of the Helium atom has been designed. Following the principles of the Photon Sieve, we have constructed an Atomic Sieve consisting of 5230 nano-holes etched into a thin film of silicon nitride. When a quasi-monochromatic Helium jet is incident on the sieve, an interference pattern with a single central maximum is created. The stream of Helium atoms passing through this central maximum is much narrower than a conventional gas jet. The first experiences with this device are presented here, along with plans for further tests.

Slides TUCZB3 [13.880 MB]

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TUPF16

FRIB Beam Position Monitor Pick-Up Design

linac, pick-up, cryogenics, cavity

355

O. Yair, J.L. Crisp, G. Kiupel, S.M. Lidia, R.C. Webber
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Due to the different beam diameters and the inclusion of superconducting cavities, different Beam Position Monitor (BPM) types with welded buttons are to be used in the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB). The varying BPM sizes include the following apertures: 40 mm, 50 mm, 100 mm, and 150 mm. The 40 mm BPMs include both warm and cold types where the cold BPMs are located in cryomodules next to SRF cavities. Steel-jacketed SiO2 coaxial cables with sealed SMA connectors have been selected as signal cables in the cryomodule insulating vacuum. These will connect to the BPM assembly at roughly 4 K temperature at one end and to the feedthrough flange in the vacuum vessel wall at 300 K at the other end. The 40 mm and 50 mm BPMs will include 20 mm custom-made buttons. The 100 mm and 150 mm aperture BPM buttons will be larger, anywhere from 30 mm to 40 mm. This paper will specify the mechanical and electrical design challenges and the resolutions associated with FRIB operations in the following areas: varying BPM conditions, changes in apertures, and variants in button sizes.

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TUPD01

Distinct Transverse Emittance Measurements of the PXIE LEBT

emittance, solenoid, dipole, ion-source

393

R.T.P. D'Arcy, B.M. Hanna, L.R. Prost, V.E. Scarpine, A.V. Shemyakin, J. Steimel
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359.
PXIE is the front-end test stand of the proposed PIP-II initiative i.e. the first step towards a CW-compatible, pulsed H⁻ superconducting RF linac upgrade to Fermilab’s injection complex. The test stand for this machine will be built step-wise; the Ion Source and Low-Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) are currently in place, with the RFQ and MEBT due for installation 2015. The initial LEBT configuration under investigation in this paper is comprised of a D-Pace Filament-driven H⁻ source and a single downstream solenoid, accompanied by a number of beam-diagnostic tools. The emittance studies expounded are performed via two methods: a position-angle phase-space sweep using an Allison-type emittance scanner; a solenoid corrector-induced transverse beam shift, impinging the bunch on an isolated, biased diaphragm. A detailed comparison of the two results is outlined.

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TUPD02

Electron Beam Profiler for the Fermilab Main Injector

electron, proton, gun, simulation

398

R.M. Thurman-Keup, M.L. Alvarez, J. Fitzgerald, C.E. Lundberg, P.S. Prieto
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
W. Blokland
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

The long range plan for Fermilab calls for large proton beam intensities in excess of 2 MW for use in the neutrino program. Measuring the transverse profiles of these high intensity beams is challenging and generally relies on non-invasive techniques. One such technique involves measuring the deflection of a beam of electrons with a trajectory perpendicular to the proton beam. A device such as this is already in use at the Spallation Neutron Source at ORNL and a similar device will be installed shortly in the Fermilab Main Injector. The Main Injector device is discussed in detail and some test results and simulations are shown.

Poster TUPD02 [2.115 MB]

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TUPD04

Third Generation Residual Gas Ionization Profile Monitors at Fermilab.

controls, electron, detector, proton

408

J.R. Zagel, M.L. Alvarez, B.J. Fellenz, C.C. Jensen, C.E. Lundberg, E.S.M. McCrory, D. Slimmer, R.M. Thurman-Keup, D.G. Tinsley
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: DOE
The latest generation of IPM's installed in the Fermilab Main Injector and Recycler incorporate a 1 kG permanent magnet, a newly designed high-gain, rad-tolerant preamp, and a control grid to moderate the charge that is allowed to arrive on the anode pick-up strips. The control grid is intended to select a single Booster batch measurement per turn. Initially it is being used to allow for a faster turn-on of a single, high-intensity cycle in either machine. The expectation is that this will extend the Micro Channel Plate lifetime, which is the high-cost consumable in the measurement system. We discuss the new design and data acquired with this system.

Poster TUPD04 [11.950 MB]

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TUPD05

Optimization of Beam Induced Fluorescence Monitors for Profile Measurements of High Current Heavy Ion Beams at GSI

detector, operation, background, experiment

412

C. Andre, P. Forck, R. Haseitl, A. Reiter, R. Singh, B. Walasek-Höhne
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

To cope with the demands of the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) for high current operation at the GSI Heavy Ion Linear Accelerator UNILAC non intercepting methods for transverse beam profile measurement are required. In addition to intercepting diagnostics like Secondary Electron Emission Grid (SEM-Grid) or scintillating screens, the Beam Induced Fluorescence (BIF) Monitor, an optical measurement device based on the observation of fluorescent light emitted by excited nitrogen molecules, was brought to routine operation. Starting with the first installations in 2008 and consequent improvements, successively six monitors were set up in the UNILAC and in the transfer line (TK) towards the synchrotron SIS18. BIF is used as a standard diagnostic tool to observe the ion beam at kinetic energies between 1.4 and 11.4 MeV/u. Beside the standard operation mode where the gas pressure is varied, further detailed investigations were conducted. The BIF setups were tested with various beam parameters. Different settings of camera, optics and image intensification were applied to improve the image quality for data analysis. In parallel, the light yield from different setups was compared for various ions, charge states, beam energies and particle numbers.

Poster TUPD05 [0.639 MB]

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TUPD07

Performance Demonstration of the Non-Invasive Bunch Shape Monitor at GSI High Current LINAC

background, electron, linac, detector

421

B. Zwicker, O.K. Kester
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
C. Dorn, P. Forck, O.K. Kester, P. Kowina, B. Zwicker
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

Funding: Supported by EU-Project CRISP, WP3 T1 ‘Non-intercepting Bunch Shape Monitors‘
At the heavy ion LINAC at GSI, a novel scheme of non-invasive Bunch Shape Monitor has been tested with several ions beam at 11.4 MeV/u and beam current in the range from 80 μA to 1000 μA. Caused by the beam impact on the residual gas, secondary electrons are liberated. These electrons are accelerated by an electrostatic field, transported through a sophisticated electrostatic energy analyzer and an rf-deflector, acting as a time-to-space converter. Finally a MCP amplifies the electrons and the electron distribution is detected by a CCD camera. For the applied beam settings this Bunch Shape Monitor is able to obtain longitudinal profiles down to of 250 ps RMS width with an RMS resolution of 34 ps, corresponding to 0.5° of the 36 MHz acceleration frequency. Systematic parameter studies, for the device were performed to demonstrate the applicability and to determine the achievable resolution. The background contribution, as orginated by x-rays, are investigated.

Poster TUPD07 [4.425 MB]

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TUPD21

AC Coupling Studies and Circuit Model for Loss Monitor Ring

niobium, background, coupling, simulation

455

Z. Liu, J.L. Crisp, S.M. Lidia
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661, the State of Michigan and Michigan State University.
As a follow-up study to the initial design of FRIB Loss Monitor Ring (previously named Halo Monitor Ring [1]), we present recent results of coupling studies between the FRIB CW beam and the Loss Monitor Ring (LMR). While a ~33 kHz low-pass filter was proposed to attenuate high-frequency AC-coupled signals [1,2], the LMR current signal may still contain low frequency signals induced by the un-intercepted beam, for example, by the 50μs beam notch that repeats every 10ms. We use CST Microwave Studio to simulate the AC response of a Gaussian source signal and benchmarked it to analytical model. A circuit model for beam-notch-induced AC signal is deduced and should put a ~33pA (peak) bipolar pulse on the LMR at 100Hz repetition rate. Although its amplitude falls into our tolerable region, we could consider an extended background integration to eliminate this effect.

Poster TUPD21 [1.201 MB]

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TUPD22

Beam Loss Monitor at SuperKEKB

electronics, injection, positron, hardware

459

H. Ikeda, M. Arinaga, J.W. Flanagan, H. Fukuma, M. Tobiyama
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

We will use beam loss monitors for protection of the hardware of SuperKEKB against the unexpected sudden beam loss. The sensors are ion chambers and PIN photo-diodes. The loss monitor system gives an important trigger for the beam abort system. We can optimize the threshold of the abort trigger by checking the beam information at each abort moment. This paper explains the overall system of the SuperKEKB beam loss monitors including the damping ring.

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WECZB1

A SQUID-Based Beam Current Monitor for FAIR/CRYRING

pick-up, electronics, cryogenics, niobium

510

R. Geithner, T. Stöhlker
IOQ, Jena, Germany
R. Geithner, T. Stöhlker
HIJ, Jena, Germany
F. Kurian, H. Reeg, M. Schwickert, T. Stöhlker
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
R. Neubert, P. Seidel
FSU Jena, Jena, Germany

A SQUID-based beam current monitor was developed for the upcoming FAIR-Project, providing a non-destructive online monitoring of the beam currents in the nA-range. The Cryogenic Current Comparator (CCC) was optimized for a lowest possible noise-limited current resolution together with a high system bandwidth. This CCC should be installed in the CRYRING facility, working as a test bench for FAIR. In this contribution we present results of the completed CCC for FAIR/CRYRING and also arrangements that have been done for the installation of the CCC at CRYRING, regarding the cryostat design.

Slides WECZB1 [6.109 MB]

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WEPF07

Optimization of a Short Faraday Cup for Low-Energy Ions Using Numerical Simulations

electron, diagnostics, simulation, linac

544

A.G. Sosa, E. Bravin, E.D. Cantero
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
C.P. Welsch
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
C.P. Welsch
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Funding: CATHI is a Marie Curie Initial Training Network funded by the European Commission under Grant Agreement Number PITN-GA-2010-264330.
ISOLDE, the heavy-ion facility at CERN is undergoing a major upgrade with the installation of a superconducting LINAC that will allow post-acceleration of ion beams up to 10 MeV/u. In this framework, customized beam diagnostics are being developed in order to fulfill the design requirements as well as to fit in the compact diagnostic boxes foreseen. The main detector of this system is a compact Faraday cup that will measure beam intensities in the range of 1 pA to 1 nA. In this contribution, simulation results of electrostatic fields and particle tracking are detailed for different Faraday cup prototypes taking into account the energy spectrum and angle of emission of the ion-induced secondary electrons.

Poster WEPF07 [1.282 MB]

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WEPF08

Dosimetry of Pulsed Beams in Proton Therapy

proton, experiment, high-voltage, electron

548

J. van de Walle, Y. Claereboudt, G. Krier, D. Prieels
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
G. Boissonnat, J. Colin, J.-M. Fontbonne
LPC, Caen, France

Ion Beam Applications (IBA) has developed in recent years the ProteusONE proton therapy system, which aims at reducing the cost and footprint of proton therapy systems, making them affordable and accessible to more patients worldwide. The heart of the ProteusONE system is a super conducting synchro-cyclotron (S2C2), which provides short (10 μs) proton bunches at 1 kHz. This is in contrast to the proton therapy systems including the IBA Cyclone230, which delivers a continuous beam. Nevertheless, the same average dose rates are provided by both systems. As a consequence, the instantaneous dose rates with the S2C2 are much higher and recombination losses in the large area beam diagnostics and dosimetry devices become non negligible. Since the proton charge which is send to a patient should be measured with high precision, these recombination losses have to be addressed carefully. In this work, a large area (30x30 cm²) and large gap (>3 mm) ionization chamber (IC) is presented which allows to quantify recombination losses in each beam pulse on-line. The principle is based on the introduction of two ionization volumes in series with slightly different gap sizes. The ratio of detected charges in both IC's is the basic observable which is used to recalculate the efficiency of each IC. The principle of this so-called "asymmetric ionization chamber" (AIC) was tested with beam from the S2C2 prototype. The results show that the efficiency can be re-calculated to 0.5% precision for voltages higher than 1000 V. Together with the experimental results, the theoretical background of the recombination losses will be discussed and it will be shown how this theory is applied in a robust and simple way to correct for these losses in the proton therapy system.

Poster WEPF08 [0.999 MB]

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WEPF10

Range Verification System Using Scintillator and CCD Camera System

brightness, proton, flattop, detector

558

N. S. Saotome, T. Furukawa, Y. Hara, K. Mizushima, K. Noda, T. Shirai, R. Tansho
NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
Y. Saraya
National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan

At National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), three-dimensional irradiation with carbon-ion pencil-beam scanning has been performed from 2011. We have been commissioning the irradiation method that employs more than 200 multiple beam energies supplied by synchrotron instead of the energy degraders. The accuracy of the beam energy/range is required for heavy ion treatment especially for using scanning method. ICRU78 recommend checking the range constancy for daily QA. Few-points depth dose measurement using ion chamber is employed for range verification of current daily QA procedure in NIRS. The measurement time for one energy is about 1 minute. Therefore easy and simple range verification system is required. The purpose of this work is to develop range verification system using scintillator and CCD (charge-coupled device) camera and to estimate the accuracy of the range verification using the system. Using proposed system, projected depth dose distribution could be provided by one measurement. This system has potential to be employed for relative range check and range constancy check as comparing with reference data. A NE10² plastic scintillator block was selected for obtained pure tranceparent block. The scintillator was mounted in the black box in order to shade a light in the room. The CCD camera (Type BU-41L, 1360x1024 pixels, Bitran Corp., Japan) was installed perpendicular to the beam axis. Therefore two-dimensional image projected depth dose distribution is provided by measurement. Total 101 mono-energy carbon beams that are in the range from 56 to 430 MeV/n at 6 mm range-in-water interval were tested. The measurement was performed energy by energy sequentially. The range resolution test was performed using thin PMMA plate placed upstream of the system. Measured images were compared with reference images to calculate the relative range deviation using least square method. Short and long time reproducibility and fluence dependence were verified. Measurement time was about 2 minutes for 101 energy beams. Peak-entrance ratio was small due to quenching effect and absorption of the light within the scintillator block. The 6 mm range difference was clearly divided. Reproducibility was well. The difference of fluence with normal treatment operation didn’t effect the range verification. From the results it was concluded that the range check system using scintillator and CCD have nice characteristics for range verification with short time.

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WEPF12

A Diagnostics of Ion Beam from 28 GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source

diagnostics, ECR, ion-source, emittance

561

J.W. Ok, S. Choi, J.G. Hong, S.J. Kim, B.S. Lee, J.Y. Park, C.S. Shin, M. Won, J.H. Yoon
Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea
J. Bahng
Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea

A neutron radiography facility utilizing a 28 GHz superconducting electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source and a heavy ion accelerator is now under construction at Korea Basic Science Institute (KSBI). In order to generate a proper energy distribution of neutron, a lithium ion beam is considered. It will be accelerated up to the energy of 2.7 MeV/u by using a radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) and drift tube linear (DTL) accelerator. The 28 GHz superconducting ECR ion source, which is the state of the art of an ion injector, has been built to produce the lithium ion beam. The ion beam of 12 keV/u would be extracted to low energy beam transport (LEBT) system, which is comprised of several types of electromagnets to focus and deliver the beam, effectively. After transporting an ion beam through LEBT, RFQ once accelerates the ion beam from 12 to 500 keV/u. Finally, we can achieve the final beam energy at the DTL. Before the ion beam is delivered to accelerator, the requirements should be satisfied to confirm the status of beam. For this, we developed the instruments in the diagnostic chamber in the middle of LEBT system to observe the beam dynamics. An analyzing electromagnet, slits, wire scanners and faraday cup will be used to perform a diagnosis of ion beam characteristics. We will present and discuss the experimental results of ion beam profile and the current after selecting a required charge state.

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WEPF17

Error Analysis for Pepperpot Emittance Measurements Redux: Correlated Phase Spaces

emittance, background, target, diagnostics

579

S.M. Lidia
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
K. Murphy
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Funding: This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
Recently, Jolly et al. presented an analysis of the rms emittance measurement errors from a first principles approach [1]. Their approach demonstrated the propagation of errors in the single-plane rms emittance determination from several instrument and beam related sources. We have extended the analysis of error propagation and estimation to the fully correlated 4-D phase space emittances obtained from pepperpot measurements. We present the calculation of the variances using a Cholesky decomposition approach. Pepperpot data from recent experiments on the NDCX-II beamline are described, and estimates of the emittances and measurement errors for the 4-D as well as the projected rms emittances in this coupled system are presented.
[1] S. Jolly, et al., “Data Acquisition and Error Analysis for Pepperpot Emittance Measurements”, Proceedings of DIPAC ’09, WEOA03.

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WEPF23

Dosimetric Verification of Lateral Profile with a Unique Ionization Chamber in Therapeutic Ion Beams

target, factory, proton, scattering

597

Y. Hara, T. Furukawa, K. Mizushima, K. Noda, N. S. Saotome, T. Shirai, R. Tansho
NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
Y. Saraya
National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan

It is essential to consider large-angle scattered particles in dose calculation models for therapeutic ion beams. However, it is difﬁcult to measure the small dose contribution from large-angle scattered particles. Therefore, we developed a parallel-plate ionization chamber consisting of concentric electrodes (ICCE) to efﬁciently and easily detect small contributions. The ICCE consists of two successive ICs with a common HV plate. The former is a large plane-parallel IC to measure dose distribution integrated over the whole plane, the latter is a 24-channel parallel-plate IC with concentric electrodes to derive the characteristic parameters describing the lateral beam spread. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of the ICCE. By taking advantage of the characteristic of ICCE, we studied the recombination associated with lateral beam profile. Also, we measured carbon pencil beam in several different media by using ICCE. As a result, we confirmed the ICCE could be used as a useful tool to determine the characterization of the therapeutic ion beams.

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WEPF24

Development of Three-Dimensional Dose Verification System using a Fluorescent Screen in Ion Beam Therapy

brightness, background, experiment, heavy-ion

601

Y. Hara, T. Furukawa, K. Mizushima, K. Noda, N. S. Saotome, T. Shirai, E. Takeshita, R. Tansho
NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
Y. Saraya
National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan

For quality assurance (QA) of therapeutic ion beams, QA tool having high spatial resolution and quick verification is required. The imaging system with a fluorescent screen is suitable for QA procedure. We developed a quick veriﬁcation system (NQA-SCN) using a ﬂuorescent screen with a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera for the sake of two dimensional dosimetry. In carbon-ion therapy, the ﬂuorescent light is decreased by suffering from quenching effect due to the increased linear energy transfer (LET) in the Bragg peak. For the use of three-dimensional dose verification, we performed a simple correction for quenching effect and several types of corrections for the optical artifact. In addition, NQA-SCN is attached with an accordion-type water phantom which makes it possible to easily change measurement depth. To evaluate the performance of NQA-SCN, we carried out experiments concerning QA procedures. In my presentation, we provide correction methods and detailed analysis of measured results.

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WEPF28

Failure Mode and Effects Analysis of the Beam Intensity Control for the SPIRAL2 Accelerator

controls, linac, proton, diagnostics

613

C. Jamet, T.A. Andre, B. Ducoudret, G. Ledu, S.L. Leloir, S. Loret, C. Potier de courcy
GANIL, Caen, France

The first phase of the SPIRAL2 project includes a driver and its associated new experimental areas (S3 and NFS caves). The accelerator, located in Caen (France), is based on a linear solution composed of a normal conducting RFQ and a superconducting linac. Intense primary stable beams (deuterons, protons, light and heavy ions) will be accelerated at various energies for nuclear physics. The beam intensity monitoring is a part of the operating range control of the facility. A high level of requirements is imposed on the intensity control system. In 2013, a failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) was performed by a specialized company helped by the GANIL’s Electronic group. This paper presents the analysis and evolutions of the electronic chain of measurement and control.

Poster WEPF28 [1.130 MB]

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WEPF30

Study of General Ion Recombination for Beam Monitor used in Particle Radiotherapy

detector, cathode, controls, factory

620

R. Tansho, T. Furukawa, Y. Hara, K. Mizushima, K. Noda, N. S. Saotome, T. Shirai
NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
Y. Saraya
National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan

Heavy ion particles such as carbon ion beams are effective tools for cancer radiotherapy because of the higher dose localization and biological effectiveness by using the characteristic dose distribution with the Bragg peak. In the particle radiotherapy, it is important to conform a dose distribution and deliver prescribed dose to a tumor. An ionization chamber is usually used as a beam monitor to control the prescribed dose to the target. Then new treatment research facility at National Institute of Radiological Science (NIRS) uses beam scanning irradiation system that make uniform dose distribution in the target volume by superposing dose deposit of an individual pencil beam. In order to increase dose concentration to the target and also decrease irradiation time, it is necessary to minimize the pencil beam size and to increase the beam intensity. As the result, the localization of the pencil beam with high intensity increases the number of general ion recombination in the beam monitor. Therefore, we need to predict the ion recombination rate in the beam monitor for accurate control of the dose. For our purpose, we developed calculation code to predict the ion recombination rate when the pencil beam scanning is used. The calculation code can divide a pencil beam into a sub region and calculate ion recombination rate in each sub region by using Boag theory. We present the calculation results compared with measurements for verification of our calculation code.

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WEPF31

Sensor Studies for DC Current Transformer Application

synchrotron, storage-ring, instrumentation, feedback

624

E. Soliman, K. Hofmann
TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
H. Reeg, M. Schwickert
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

DC Current Transformers (DCCTs) are known since decades as non-intercepting standard tools for online beam current measurement in synchrotrons and storage rings. In general, the measurement principle of commonly used DCCTs is to introduce a modulating AC signal for a pair of ferromagnetic toroid. A passing DC ion beam leads to an asymmetric shift of the hysteresis curves of the toroid pair. However, a drawback for this measurement principle is found at certain revolution frequencies in ring accelerators, when interference caused by the modulating frequency and its harmonics leads to inaccurate readings by the DCCT. Recent developments of magnetic field sensors allow for new approaches towards a DCCT design without using the modulation principle. This paper shows a review of different kinds of usable magnetic sensors, their characteristics and how they could be used in novel DCCT instruments.

Poster WEPF31 [4.396 MB]

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WEPD03

Conceptual Design of Elliptical Cavity Beam Position Monitors for Heavy Ion Storage Rings

cavity, storage-ring, pick-up, impedance

634

M.S. Sanjari, X. Chen, P. Hülsmann, Yu.A. Litvinov, F. Nolden, M. Steck, T. Stöhlker
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
J. Piotrowski
AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland

Funding: M.S.S. acknowledges partial support by the Alliance Program of the Helmholtz Association (HA216/EMMI). X.C. acknowledges funding by the European Commission (PITN-GA-2011-289485).
Over 50 years in the history of accelerator physics, RF cavities have been used as beam position and intensity monitors. Their structure has been extensively discussed across numerous papers reporting their successful operation. The application of RF cavities as pick-ups has recently been extended to include radioactive ion beam (RIB) facilities and heavy ion storage rings. These pick-ups allow for very sensitive, accurate, and quick characterisation of ion beams and turn out to be indispensable tools in nuclear as well as atomic physics experiments. A notable example is the resonant pick-up in the ESR at GSI Darmstadt (*) where single ion detection was achieved for lifetime measurements of radioactive nuclides (**). A similar cavity pick-up was installed in CSRe in IMP Lanzhou (***). In this work, we describe a novel conceptual approach that utilizes RF cavities with an elliptical geometry. While requiring a high precision determination of the position and intensity of particle beams, it has to cope with design restriction at heavy-ion storage rings such as large beam pipe apertures. The latter become inevitable at facilities aiming at storing large-emittance beams as, e.g., planned in the future Collector Ring (CR) of the FAIR project at GSI Darmstadt. Simulation results are accompanied by results achieved from bench-top measurements on model cavities.
* F. Nolden et. al., NIM A, v 659 No 1 pp 69–77 (2011)
** P. Kienle, F. Bosch et. al., Phys. Lett. B, v 726, 4–5, pp 638–645 (2013)
*** J. X. Wu et. al., NIM B, v 317, pp 623–628 (2013)

Poster WEPD03 [1.967 MB]

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WEPD27

Commissioning of Bunch-by-Bunch Feedback System for NSLS2 Storage Ring

feedback, storage-ring, kicker, betatron

707

W.X. Cheng, B. Bacha, Y. Hu, O. Singh, H. Xu
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
D. Teytelman
Dimtel, San Jose, USA

NSLS2 Storage Ring transverse bunch by bunch feedback system has been designed to cure the coupled bunch instabilities, caused by HOM, resistive wall or ions. The system has been constructed, tested and commissioned with beam. Preliminary studies show that the feedback system can suppress single bunch instability. Mode analysis of the unstable coupled bunch motion reveals fast ion instability exist even at relative low current. The bunch by bunch feedback system performance will be presented in this paper.

Poster WEPD27 [0.623 MB]

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