IBIC2014 - List of Keywords (emittance)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOCYB1	Non-Destructive Vertical Halo Monitor on the ESRF’s 6GeV Electron Beam	electron, scattering, dipole, detector	2
	K.B. Scheidt ESRF, Grenoble, France
	The population density along the electron’s beam vertical profile at far distance from the central core (i.e. the far-away tails or “halo”) is now quantitatively measurable by the use of bending magnet X-rays. An available beamport is equipped with two specifically adapted absorbers, an Aluminium UHV window, an X-ray light blocker, an X-ray imager, and a few motorizations. The simple and inexpensive set-up (much resembling that of an X-ray pinhole camera system for emittance measurements in Light Sources, but much shorter in length) allows the recording of images of the electron density profile over the 0.5 to 6mm distance range from the core. Results, obtained under various manipulations on the electron beam to vary either Touchek or residual Gas scattering and thereby the Halo levels, will be presented, to fully demonstrate that this Halo monitor is exploring those realms of the beam where other diagnostics can not reach .
	Slides MOCYB1 [2.830 MB]
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MOCYB2	Design and Initial Commissioning of Beam Diagnostics for the KEK Compact ERL	linac, radiation, electron, optics	7
	R. Takai, T. Honda, T. Nogami, T. Obina, H. Sagehashi, Y. Tanimoto, M. Tobiyama KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	A compact energy-recovery linac (cERL) was constructed at KEK as a test accelerator for the ERL-based light source. Standard beam monitors such as beam position monitors (BPMs), screen monitors (SCMs), and beam loss monitors (BLMs) have been developed for the cERL and used in its commissioning. For the main BPMs, we adopted the stripline type, the time response of which is improved by using a glass-sealed feedthrough. The SCMs are equipped with two types of screens and an RF shield for wake-field suppression. Optical fibers with photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), covering the entire cERL circumference, are used as the BLM. CsI scintillators with large-cathode PMTs are also prepared for detecting local beam loss. The design and some initial commissioning results of these standard monitors are described in this paper.
	Slides MOCYB2 [4.987 MB]
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MOPF04	RHIC Injection Transport Beam Emittance Measurements	factory, background, proton, extraction	45
	J.Y. Huang Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA D.M. Gassner, M.G. Minty, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, N. Tsoupas, C.M. Zimmer BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	The Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS)-to-Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) transfer line, abbreviated AtR, is an integral component for the transfer of proton and heavy ion bunches from the AGS to RHIC. In this study, using 23.8 GeV proton beams, we focused on factors that may affect the accuracy of emittance measurements that provide information on the quality of the beam injected into RHIC. The method of emittance measurement uses fluorescent screens in the AtR. The factors that may affect the measurement are: background noise, calibration, resolution, and dispersive corrections. Ideal video Offset (black level, brightness) and Gain (contrast) settings were determined for consistent initial conditions in the Flag Profile Monitor (FPM) application. Using this information, we also updated spatial calibrations for the FPM using corresponding fiducial markings and sketches. Resolution error was determined using the Modulation Transfer Function amplitude. To measure the contribution of the beam’s dispersion, we conducted a scan of beam position and size at relevant Beam Position Monitors (BPMs) and Video Profile Monitors (VPMs, or “flags”) by varying the extraction energy with a scan of the RF frequency in the AGS. The combined effects of these factors resulted in slight variations in emittance values, with further analysis suggesting potential discrepancies in the current model of the beam line’s focusing properties. In the process of testing various contributing factors, a system of checks has been established for future studies, providing an efficient, standardized, and reproducible procedure that might encourage greater reliance on the transfer line’s emittance and beam parameter measurements.
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MOPF05	Instrumentation for the Proposed Low Energy RHIC Electron Cooling Project with Energy Recovery	electron, ion, gun, linac	49
	D.M. Gassner, A.V. Fedotov, R.L. Hulsart, D. Kayran, V. Litvinenko, R.J. Michnoff, T.A. Miller, M.G. Minty, I. Pinayev, M. Wilinski BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy There is a strong interest in running RHIC at low ion beam energies of 7.7-20 GeV/nucleon [1]; this is much lower than the typical operations with 100 GeV/nucleon. The primary motivation for this effort is to explore the existence and location of the critical point on the QCD phase diagram. Electron cooling can increase the average integrated luminosity and increase the length of the stored lifetime. A cooling system is being designed that will provide a 30 – 50 mA electron beam with adequate quality and an energy range of 1.6 – 5 MeV. The cooling facility is planned to be inside the RHIC tunnel. The injector will include a 704 MHz SRF gun, a 704 MHz 5-cell SRF cavity followed by a normal conducting 2.1 GHz cavity. Electrons from the injector will be transported to the Yellow RHIC ring to allow electron-ion co-propagation for ~20 m, then a 180 degree U-turn electron transport so the same electron beam can similarly cool the Blue ion beam. After the cooling process with electron beam energies of 1.6 to 2 MeV, the electrons will be transported directly to a dump. When cooling with higher energy electrons between 2 and 5 MeV, after the cooling process, they will be routed through the acceleration cavity again to allow energy recovery and less power deposited in the dump. Special consideration is given to ensure overlap of electron and ion beams in the cooling section and achieving the requirements needed for cooling. The instrumentation systems described will include current transformers, beam position monitors, profile monitors, an emittance slit station, recombination and beam loss monitors.
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MOPF09	Absolute Beam Emittance Measurements at RHIC Using Ionization Profile Monitors	detector, acceleration, heavy-ion, ion	64
	M.G. Minty, R. Connolly, C. Liu, T. Summers, S. Tepikian BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy In this report we present studies of and measurements from the RHIC ionization profile monitors (IPMs). Improved accuracy in the emittance measurements has been achieved by (1) continual design enhancements over the years, (2) application of channel-by-channel offset corrections and gain calibrations in the beam profile measurements and (3) use of measured beta functions at the locations of the IPMs. The removal of systematic errors in the emittance measurements was confirmed by the convergence of all four planes of measurement (horizontal and vertical planes of both the Blue and Yellow beams) to a common value during beam operations with stochastic cooling. Consistency with independent measurements (luminosity-based using zero degree counters) at the colliding beam experiments STAR and PHENIX was demonstrated.
	Poster MOPF09 [1.109 MB]
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MOPF15	Status of and Future Plans for the CERN LINAC4 Emittance Meter based on Laser Electron-Detachment and a Diamond Strip-Detector	detector, laser, linac, electron	83
	T. Hofmann, E. Bravin, U. Raich, F. Roncarolo, F. Zocca CERN, Geneva, Switzerland G.E. Boorman, A. Bosco, S.M. Gibson, K.O. Kruchinin Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom E. Griesmayer CIVIDEC Instrumentation, Wien, Austria
	Funding: LA3NET is funded by the European Commission under Grant Agreement Number GA-ITN-2011-289191 LINAC4 has started its staged commissioning at CERN. After completion it will accelerate high brightness H⁻ beams to 160 MeV. To measure the transverse profile and emittance of the beam, a non-destructive method based on electron photo-detachment is proposed, using a pulsed, fibre-coupled laser to strip electrons from the H⁻ ions. The laser can be focused and scanned through the H⁻ beam, acting like a conventional slit. A downstream dipole separates the neutral H⁰ beamlet, created by the laser interaction, from the main H⁻ beam, so that it can be measured by a diamond strip-detector. Combining the H⁰ beamlet profiles with the laser position allows the transverse emittance to be reconstructed. A prototype of this instrument was tested while commissioning the LINAC4 at 3 and 12 MeV. In this paper we shall describe the experimental setup, challenges and results of the measurements, and also address the characteristics and performance of the diamond strip-detector subsystem. In addition, the proposal for a permanent system at 160 MeV, including an electron detector for a direct profile measurement, will be presented.
	Poster MOPF15 [0.994 MB]
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MOPF16	CERN-SPS Wire Scanner Impedence and Wire Heating Studies	coupling, simulation, vacuum, electromagnetic-fields	88
	E. Piselli, O.E. Berrig, F. Caspers, B. Dehning, J. Emery, M. Hamani, J. Kuczerowski, B. Salvant, R.S. Sautier, R. Veness, C. Vuitton, C. Zannini CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	This article describes a study performed on one of the SPS vertical rotational wire scanners in order to investigate the breakage of the wire, which occurred on several occasions during the last year of operation. The thermionic emission current of the wire was measured to evaluate temperature changes, and was observed to rise significantly as the wire approached the ultimate LHC beam in the SPS, indicating the possibility of strong coupling between the beam’s electromagnetic field and the wire. Different laboratory measurements, complemented by CST Microwave Studio simulations, have therefore been performed to try and understand the RF modes responsible for this heating. These results are presented here, along with the subsequent modifications adopted on all of the operational SPS wire scanners.
	Poster MOPF16 [0.747 MB]
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TUIXB1	The Beam Instrumentation and Diagnostic Challenges for LHC Operation at High Energy	electron, detector, synchrotron, quadrupole	216
	O.R. Jones CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	This contribution will present the role of beam instrumentation and diagnostics in facing the challenges posed by running the LHC close to its design energy of 7TeV. Machine protection will be ever more critical, with the quench level of the magnets significantly reduced, so relying heavily on the beam loss system and abort gap monitor interlocks on the beam position and fast beam current change system. Non-invasive profile monitoring also becomes more of a challenge, with standard synchrotron light imaging limited by diffraction and rest gas ionisation monitoring dominated by space charge effects. There is also a requirement to better understand beam instabilities, of which several were observed during Run I, leading to the need for synchronised bunch-by-bunch, turn-by-turn information from many distributed instrumentation systems. All of these challenges will be discussed along with the strategies adopted to overcome them.
	Slides TUIXB1 [7.329 MB]
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TUCYB1	Study of scintillation stability in KBr, YAG:Ce, CaF2:Eu and CsI:Tl Irradiated by Various-Energy Protons	ion, radiation, target, photon	250
	L.Y. Lin FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	The luminescence of KBr, YAG:Ce, CaF2:Eu and CsI:Tl scintillators induced with H²⁺ ion beams in the energy range of 600-2150 keV/u has been systematically measured as a function of irradiation time. The measurements showed that the luminescence of CsI:Tl and YAG:Ce remained constant within the 1-hour continuous irradiation. An initial fast drop of the luminescence on CaF2:Eu was observed but the light output eventually approached a stable state under constant ion bombardment. We also observed that the light output of KBr initially increased and then degraded gradually with further irradiation. The CsI:Tl screen produced the highest scintillation yield and KBr the lowest.
	Slides TUCYB1 [2.078 MB]
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TUCYB2	Pulsed Green Laser Wire System for Effective Inverse Compton Scattering	laser, electron, cavity, experiment	254
	A.A. Rawankar, N. Terunuma, J. Urakawa Sokendai, Ibaraki, Japan T. Akagi, A.S. Aryshev, Y. Honda, N. Terunuma, J. Urakawa KEK, Ibaraki, Japan D. Jehanno LAL, Orsay, France K. Sakaue Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
	Funding: This work has been supported by the Quantum Beam Technology Program of the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science,and Technology(MEXT). Laser-Compton scattering has become an important technique for beam diagnostics of the latest accelerators. In order to develop technologies for low emittance beams, an Accelerator Test facility (ATF) was built at KEK. It consists of an electron linac, a damping ring in which beam emittance is reduced, and an extraction line. For emittance measurement we are developing a new type of beam profile monitor which works on the principle of inverse Compton scattering between electron and laser light. In order to achieve effective collision of photon and electron, a pulsed and very thin size laser is required. Laser wire is one technique of measuring a small beam size. With green lasers, which are converted to second harmonics from IR pulsed laser, minimum beam waist is half of the beam waist obtained using infrared (IR) laser oscillator. Therefore, it is possible to obtain beam waist less than 5 μm using green laser pulse, which is required for effective photon-electron collision. First, pulsed IR seed laser is amplified with 1.5 meter long PCF based amplifier system. This pulsed IR laser is converted to second harmonics with a non-linear crystal. Pulsed green laser is injected inside four mirror optical cavity to obtain very small beam waist at interaction point (IP). Using a pulsed compact laser wire, we can measure 10 um electron beams in vertical directions. We report the development of the pulsed green laser and parameters of compact four mirror optical cavity for effective inverse Compton scattering.
	Slides TUCYB2 [2.632 MB]
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TUCZB1	Novel Emittance Diagnostics for Diffraction Limited Light Sources Based on X-ray Fresnel Diffractometry	electron, radiation, diagnostics, betatron	274
	M. Masaki, Y. Shimosaki, S. Takano, M. Takao JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken, Japan
	A novel emittance diagnostics technique with high sensitivity using X-ray Fresnel diffraction by a single slit has been developed to measure micron-order electron beam sizes at insertion devices (IDs) of photon beamlines. The X-ray Fresnel diffractometry (XFD)* is promising for diagnostics especially of a so-called diffraction limited storage ring (DLSR) with ultra-low emittance. In the DLSR, due to inevitable field errors of strong quadrupole and sextupole magnets, unwanted distortion of lattice functions and local betatron coupling will result in a different light source size at each beamline. Therefore, measurements of electron beam sizes at the ID source points will be essential to ensure the absence of degradation of brilliance and transverse coherence of radiation at the beamlines. The XFD observes a double-lobed diffraction pattern that emerges by optimizing the single slit width. The principle is based on a correlation between the depth of a median dip in the double-lobed pattern and the light source size at the ID. The validity of the new technique was theoretically and experimentally studied. The achievable resolution of the XFD will be also discussed. * M. Masaki, et al.,"X-ray Fresnel Diffractometry for Ultra-Low Emittance Diagnostics of Next Generation Synchrotron Light Sources", submitted to Phys. Rev.ST-AB.
	Slides TUCZB1 [5.456 MB]
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TUPD01	Distinct Transverse Emittance Measurements of the PXIE LEBT	solenoid, ion, dipole, ion-source	393
	R.T.P. D'Arcy, B.M. Hanna, L.R. Prost, V.E. Scarpine, A.V. Shemyakin, J. Steimel Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359. PXIE is the front-end test stand of the proposed PIP-II initiative i.e. the first step towards a CW-compatible, pulsed H⁻ superconducting RF linac upgrade to Fermilab’s injection complex. The test stand for this machine will be built step-wise; the Ion Source and Low-Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) are currently in place, with the RFQ and MEBT due for installation 2015. The initial LEBT configuration under investigation in this paper is comprised of a D-Pace Filament-driven H⁻ source and a single downstream solenoid, accompanied by a number of beam-diagnostic tools. The emittance studies expounded are performed via two methods: a position-angle phase-space sweep using an Allison-type emittance scanner; a solenoid corrector-induced transverse beam shift, impinging the bunch on an isolated, biased diaphragm. A detailed comparison of the two results is outlined.
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TUPD08	YAG:Ce Screen Monitor Using a Gated CCD Camera	timing, radiation, synchrotron-radiation, collider	426
	T. Naito, T.M. Mitsuhashi KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	Due to its good spatial resolution, the YAG:Ce screen monitor is often used for small beam profile measurement in the Linac and beam transport line. We constructed a high-resolution YAG:Ce screen monitor at KEK-ATF2 for the observation of small size beams a. We tested two types of screens, one is powder YAG:Ce and the other is single crystal YAG:Ce. Both screens have 50μm thickness. To escape from strong COTR, we applied delayed timing of the gate for the CCD camera. A microscope having a spatial resolution of 6μm was set outside of a vacuum chamber to observe the scintillation light from the YAG:Ce screen. The results of the difference between the two screens, the camera performance with delayed gate, and the optical performance of the microscope will be presented in this session.
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WECZB3	Measurement of Beam Losses Using Optical Fibers at the Australian Synchrotron	electron, detector, synchrotron, beam-losses	515
	E. Nebot Del Busto, C.P. Welsch The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom M.J. Boland ASCo, Clayton, Victoria, Australia M.J. Boland, R.P. Rassool The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia E.B. Holzer, M. Kastriotou, E. Nebot Del Busto CERN, Geneva, Switzerland P.D. Jackson University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia J. Schmidt Albert-Ludwig Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany C.P. Welsch Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	The unprecedented requirements that new machines are setting on their diagnostic systems are leading to the development of a new generation of devices with large dynamic range, sensitivity and time resolution. Beam loss detection is particularly challenging due to the large extension of new facilities that need to be covered with localized detectors. Candidates to mitigate this problem consist of systems in which the sensitive part of the radiation detectors can be extended over the long distances of beam lines. In this document, we study the feasibility of a beam loss monitor (BLM) system based on optical fibers as an active detector for an electron storage ring. The Australian Synchrotron (AS) comprises a 216m ring that stores electrons up to 3GeV. The Accelerator has recently claimed the world record lowest transverse emittance (below 1 pm rad). Ultra low transverse sizes and large amounts of synchrotron radiation provide an environment very similar to that expected in the CLIC damping rings. A qualitative benchmark of beam losses under damping ring-like conditions is presented here. A wide range of beam loss rates can be achieved by modifying the bunch charge, horizontal/vertical coupling and dynamic aperture as well as via beam scrapers. The controlled beam losses are observed by means of the Cherenkov light produced in a 365 um core Silica fiber. The output light is coupled to different types of photo sensors namely: Multi Pixel Photon Counters (MPPCs), standard PhotoMulTiplier (PMT) tubes and Avalanche PhotoDiodes (APD). A detailed comparison of the sensitivities and time resolution obtained with the different read-outs are discussed in this contribution.
	Slides WECZB3 [2.755 MB]
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WEPF12	A Diagnostics of Ion Beam from 28 GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source	ion, diagnostics, ECR, ion-source	561
	J.W. Ok, S. Choi, J.G. Hong, S.J. Kim, B.S. Lee, J.Y. Park, C.S. Shin, M. Won, J.H. Yoon Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea J. Bahng Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
	A neutron radiography facility utilizing a 28 GHz superconducting electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source and a heavy ion accelerator is now under construction at Korea Basic Science Institute (KSBI). In order to generate a proper energy distribution of neutron, a lithium ion beam is considered. It will be accelerated up to the energy of 2.7 MeV/u by using a radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) and drift tube linear (DTL) accelerator. The 28 GHz superconducting ECR ion source, which is the state of the art of an ion injector, has been built to produce the lithium ion beam. The ion beam of 12 keV/u would be extracted to low energy beam transport (LEBT) system, which is comprised of several types of electromagnets to focus and deliver the beam, effectively. After transporting an ion beam through LEBT, RFQ once accelerates the ion beam from 12 to 500 keV/u. Finally, we can achieve the final beam energy at the DTL. Before the ion beam is delivered to accelerator, the requirements should be satisfied to confirm the status of beam. For this, we developed the instruments in the diagnostic chamber in the middle of LEBT system to observe the beam dynamics. An analyzing electromagnet, slits, wire scanners and faraday cup will be used to perform a diagnosis of ion beam characteristics. We will present and discuss the experimental results of ion beam profile and the current after selecting a required charge state.
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WEPF13	The Status of Beam Diagnostics for the Hie-Isolde Linac at Cern	diagnostics, detector, TRIUMF, simulation	565
	E.D. Cantero, W. Andreazza, E. Bravin, A.G. Sosa CERN, Geneva, Switzerland A.G. Sosa Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom A.G. Sosa The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
	Funding: CATHI is a Marie Curie Initial Training Network funded by the European Commission under Grant Agreement Number PITN-GA-2010-264330. The HIE-ISOLDE project aims at upgrading the CERN ISOLDE radioactive ion beam facility for higher beam intensities and higher beam energies. New beam diagnostic devices have to be developed as part of this upgrade, in particular for the measurement of intensity, energy, transverse and longitudinal profiles, and transverse emittance. The beam energy ranges from 300 keV/u to 10 MeV/u and beam intensities are between 1 pA and 1 nA. Faraday cups will be used for the measurement of the beam intensity while silicon detectors will be used for the energy and longitudinal profile measurements. The transverse profiles will be measured by moving a V-shaped slit in front of a Faraday cup and the beam position will be calculated from the profiles. The transverse emittance can be measured using the existing REX-ISOLDE slit and grid system, or by the combined use of two scanning slits and a Faraday cup. The final design of the mentioned devices will be presented in this contribution, including the results of the experimental validation tests performed on prototypes during the last two years.
	Poster WEPF13 [4.263 MB]
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WEPF17	Error Analysis for Pepperpot Emittance Measurements Redux: Correlated Phase Spaces	background, target, diagnostics, ion	579
	S.M. Lidia FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA K. Murphy LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	Funding: This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Recently, Jolly et al. presented an analysis of the rms emittance measurement errors from a first principles approach [1]. Their approach demonstrated the propagation of errors in the single-plane rms emittance determination from several instrument and beam related sources. We have extended the analysis of error propagation and estimation to the fully correlated 4-D phase space emittances obtained from pepperpot measurements. We present the calculation of the variances using a Cholesky decomposition approach. Pepperpot data from recent experiments on the NDCX-II beamline are described, and estimates of the emittances and measurement errors for the 4-D as well as the projected rms emittances in this coupled system are presented. [1] S. Jolly, et al., “Data Acquisition and Error Analysis for Pepperpot Emittance Measurements”, Proceedings of DIPAC ’09, WEOA03.
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WEPF19	Fast Transverse Phase Space Measurement System for GunLab - A Compact Test Beamline for SRF Photoinjectors	electron, quadrupole, SRF, gun	588
	J. Völker, T. Kamps HZB, Berlin, Germany
	Superconducting radiofrequency photo electron injectors (SRF guns) are promising electron sources for the next generation of electron linear accelerators. The energy recovery linac (ERL) BERLinPro will employ a 1.5 cell 1.3 GHz SRF gun cavity with normal conducting high quantum efficiency photocathode to produce a 100mA CW electron beam with high brightness. We are currently working on a compact test beamline (GunLab) to investigate the properties of the electron beam and to optimize the drive laser as well RF parameters. The motivation for GunLab is to decouple the SRF gun development from the ERL development. The goal is to measure not only the complete 6 dimensional phase space of the extracted and accelerated bunches but also to investigate dark current and beam halo. In this paper we will discuss unique features of GunLab for the phase space measurements.
	Poster WEPF19 [2.025 MB]
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WEPD01	Observations of the Quadrupolar Oscillations at GSI SIS-18	pick-up, injection, quadrupole, space-charge	629
	R. Singh, P. Forck, P. Kowina GSI, Darmstadt, Germany M. Gąsior CERN, Geneva, Switzerland W.F.O. Müller, J.A. Tsemo Kamga, T. Weiland TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
	An asymmetric capacitive pick-up was installed at GSI SIS-18 for determination of the turn-by-turn beam quadrupole moment. The pick-up geometry is simulated to estimate its sensitivity towards the beam dipole and quadrupole moments. Turn-by-turn quadrupole moment measurement allows to calculate the frequency of beam-size oscillations. Recent beam measurements using this pick-up show clear indications of the beam-size oscillations induced by the injection mismatch. In this contribution, we present these measurements and discuss their relevance for the direct determination of the incoherent space charge tune shift.
	Poster WEPD01 [3.589 MB]
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Paper

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MOCYB1

Non-Destructive Vertical Halo Monitor on the ESRF’s 6GeV Electron Beam

electron, scattering, dipole, detector

2

K.B. Scheidt
ESRF, Grenoble, France

The population density along the electron’s beam vertical profile at far distance from the central core (i.e. the far-away tails or “halo”) is now quantitatively measurable by the use of bending magnet X-rays. An available beamport is equipped with two specifically adapted absorbers, an Aluminium UHV window, an X-ray light blocker, an X-ray imager, and a few motorizations. The simple and inexpensive set-up (much resembling that of an X-ray pinhole camera system for emittance measurements in Light Sources, but much shorter in length) allows the recording of images of the electron density profile over the 0.5 to 6mm distance range from the core. Results, obtained under various manipulations on the electron beam to vary either Touchek or residual Gas scattering and thereby the Halo levels, will be presented, to fully demonstrate that this Halo monitor is exploring those realms of the beam where other diagnostics can not reach .

Slides MOCYB1 [2.830 MB]

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MOCYB2

Design and Initial Commissioning of Beam Diagnostics for the KEK Compact ERL

linac, radiation, electron, optics

7

R. Takai, T. Honda, T. Nogami, T. Obina, H. Sagehashi, Y. Tanimoto, M. Tobiyama
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

A compact energy-recovery linac (cERL) was constructed at KEK as a test accelerator for the ERL-based light source. Standard beam monitors such as beam position monitors (BPMs), screen monitors (SCMs), and beam loss monitors (BLMs) have been developed for the cERL and used in its commissioning. For the main BPMs, we adopted the stripline type, the time response of which is improved by using a glass-sealed feedthrough. The SCMs are equipped with two types of screens and an RF shield for wake-field suppression. Optical fibers with photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), covering the entire cERL circumference, are used as the BLM. CsI scintillators with large-cathode PMTs are also prepared for detecting local beam loss. The design and some initial commissioning results of these standard monitors are described in this paper.

Slides MOCYB2 [4.987 MB]

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MOPF04

RHIC Injection Transport Beam Emittance Measurements

factory, background, proton, extraction

45

J.Y. Huang
Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
D.M. Gassner, M.G. Minty, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, N. Tsoupas, C.M. Zimmer
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

The Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS)-to-Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) transfer line, abbreviated AtR, is an integral component for the transfer of proton and heavy ion bunches from the AGS to RHIC. In this study, using 23.8 GeV proton beams, we focused on factors that may affect the accuracy of emittance measurements that provide information on the quality of the beam injected into RHIC. The method of emittance measurement uses fluorescent screens in the AtR. The factors that may affect the measurement are: background noise, calibration, resolution, and dispersive corrections. Ideal video Offset (black level, brightness) and Gain (contrast) settings were determined for consistent initial conditions in the Flag Profile Monitor (FPM) application. Using this information, we also updated spatial calibrations for the FPM using corresponding fiducial markings and sketches. Resolution error was determined using the Modulation Transfer Function amplitude. To measure the contribution of the beam’s dispersion, we conducted a scan of beam position and size at relevant Beam Position Monitors (BPMs) and Video Profile Monitors (VPMs, or “flags”) by varying the extraction energy with a scan of the RF frequency in the AGS. The combined effects of these factors resulted in slight variations in emittance values, with further analysis suggesting potential discrepancies in the current model of the beam line’s focusing properties. In the process of testing various contributing factors, a system of checks has been established for future studies, providing an efficient, standardized, and reproducible procedure that might encourage greater reliance on the transfer line’s emittance and beam parameter measurements.

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MOPF05

Instrumentation for the Proposed Low Energy RHIC Electron Cooling Project with Energy Recovery

electron, ion, gun, linac

49

D.M. Gassner, A.V. Fedotov, R.L. Hulsart, D. Kayran, V. Litvinenko, R.J. Michnoff, T.A. Miller, M.G. Minty, I. Pinayev, M. Wilinski
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy
There is a strong interest in running RHIC at low ion beam energies of 7.7-20 GeV/nucleon [1]; this is much lower than the typical operations with 100 GeV/nucleon. The primary motivation for this effort is to explore the existence and location of the critical point on the QCD phase diagram. Electron cooling can increase the average integrated luminosity and increase the length of the stored lifetime. A cooling system is being designed that will provide a 30 – 50 mA electron beam with adequate quality and an energy range of 1.6 – 5 MeV. The cooling facility is planned to be inside the RHIC tunnel. The injector will include a 704 MHz SRF gun, a 704 MHz 5-cell SRF cavity followed by a normal conducting 2.1 GHz cavity. Electrons from the injector will be transported to the Yellow RHIC ring to allow electron-ion co-propagation for ~20 m, then a 180 degree U-turn electron transport so the same electron beam can similarly cool the Blue ion beam. After the cooling process with electron beam energies of 1.6 to 2 MeV, the electrons will be transported directly to a dump. When cooling with higher energy electrons between 2 and 5 MeV, after the cooling process, they will be routed through the acceleration cavity again to allow energy recovery and less power deposited in the dump. Special consideration is given to ensure overlap of electron and ion beams in the cooling section and achieving the requirements needed for cooling. The instrumentation systems described will include current transformers, beam position monitors, profile monitors, an emittance slit station, recombination and beam loss monitors.

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MOPF09

Absolute Beam Emittance Measurements at RHIC Using Ionization Profile Monitors

detector, acceleration, heavy-ion, ion

64

M.G. Minty, R. Connolly, C. Liu, T. Summers, S. Tepikian
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy
In this report we present studies of and measurements from the RHIC ionization profile monitors (IPMs). Improved accuracy in the emittance measurements has been achieved by (1) continual design enhancements over the years, (2) application of channel-by-channel offset corrections and gain calibrations in the beam profile measurements and (3) use of measured beta functions at the locations of the IPMs. The removal of systematic errors in the emittance measurements was confirmed by the convergence of all four planes of measurement (horizontal and vertical planes of both the Blue and Yellow beams) to a common value during beam operations with stochastic cooling. Consistency with independent measurements (luminosity-based using zero degree counters) at the colliding beam experiments STAR and PHENIX was demonstrated.

Poster MOPF09 [1.109 MB]

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MOPF15

Status of and Future Plans for the CERN LINAC4 Emittance Meter based on Laser Electron-Detachment and a Diamond Strip-Detector

detector, laser, linac, electron

83

T. Hofmann, E. Bravin, U. Raich, F. Roncarolo, F. Zocca
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
G.E. Boorman, A. Bosco, S.M. Gibson, K.O. Kruchinin
Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom
E. Griesmayer
CIVIDEC Instrumentation, Wien, Austria

Funding: LA3NET is funded by the European Commission under Grant Agreement Number GA-ITN-2011-289191
LINAC4 has started its staged commissioning at CERN. After completion it will accelerate high brightness H⁻ beams to 160 MeV. To measure the transverse profile and emittance of the beam, a non-destructive method based on electron photo-detachment is proposed, using a pulsed, fibre-coupled laser to strip electrons from the H⁻ ions. The laser can be focused and scanned through the H⁻ beam, acting like a conventional slit. A downstream dipole separates the neutral H⁰ beamlet, created by the laser interaction, from the main H⁻ beam, so that it can be measured by a diamond strip-detector. Combining the H⁰ beamlet profiles with the laser position allows the transverse emittance to be reconstructed. A prototype of this instrument was tested while commissioning the LINAC4 at 3 and 12 MeV. In this paper we shall describe the experimental setup, challenges and results of the measurements, and also address the characteristics and performance of the diamond strip-detector subsystem. In addition, the proposal for a permanent system at 160 MeV, including an electron detector for a direct profile measurement, will be presented.

Poster MOPF15 [0.994 MB]

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MOPF16

CERN-SPS Wire Scanner Impedence and Wire Heating Studies

coupling, simulation, vacuum, electromagnetic-fields

88

E. Piselli, O.E. Berrig, F. Caspers, B. Dehning, J. Emery, M. Hamani, J. Kuczerowski, B. Salvant, R.S. Sautier, R. Veness, C. Vuitton, C. Zannini
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

This article describes a study performed on one of the SPS vertical rotational wire scanners in order to investigate the breakage of the wire, which occurred on several occasions during the last year of operation. The thermionic emission current of the wire was measured to evaluate temperature changes, and was observed to rise significantly as the wire approached the ultimate LHC beam in the SPS, indicating the possibility of strong coupling between the beam’s electromagnetic field and the wire. Different laboratory measurements, complemented by CST Microwave Studio simulations, have therefore been performed to try and understand the RF modes responsible for this heating. These results are presented here, along with the subsequent modifications adopted on all of the operational SPS wire scanners.

Poster MOPF16 [0.747 MB]

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TUIXB1

The Beam Instrumentation and Diagnostic Challenges for LHC Operation at High Energy

electron, detector, synchrotron, quadrupole

216

O.R. Jones
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

This contribution will present the role of beam instrumentation and diagnostics in facing the challenges posed by running the LHC close to its design energy of 7TeV. Machine protection will be ever more critical, with the quench level of the magnets significantly reduced, so relying heavily on the beam loss system and abort gap monitor interlocks on the beam position and fast beam current change system. Non-invasive profile monitoring also becomes more of a challenge, with standard synchrotron light imaging limited by diffraction and rest gas ionisation monitoring dominated by space charge effects. There is also a requirement to better understand beam instabilities, of which several were observed during Run I, leading to the need for synchronised bunch-by-bunch, turn-by-turn information from many distributed instrumentation systems. All of these challenges will be discussed along with the strategies adopted to overcome them.

Slides TUIXB1 [7.329 MB]

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TUCYB1

Study of scintillation stability in KBr, YAG:Ce, CaF2:Eu and CsI:Tl Irradiated by Various-Energy Protons

ion, radiation, target, photon

250

L.Y. Lin
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

The luminescence of KBr, YAG:Ce, CaF2:Eu and CsI:Tl scintillators induced with H²⁺ ion beams in the energy range of 600-2150 keV/u has been systematically measured as a function of irradiation time. The measurements showed that the luminescence of CsI:Tl and YAG:Ce remained constant within the 1-hour continuous irradiation. An initial fast drop of the luminescence on CaF2:Eu was observed but the light output eventually approached a stable state under constant ion bombardment. We also observed that the light output of KBr initially increased and then degraded gradually with further irradiation. The CsI:Tl screen produced the highest scintillation yield and KBr the lowest.

Slides TUCYB1 [2.078 MB]

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TUCYB2

Pulsed Green Laser Wire System for Effective Inverse Compton Scattering

laser, electron, cavity, experiment

254

A.A. Rawankar, N. Terunuma, J. Urakawa
Sokendai, Ibaraki, Japan
T. Akagi, A.S. Aryshev, Y. Honda, N. Terunuma, J. Urakawa
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
D. Jehanno
LAL, Orsay, France
K. Sakaue
Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan

Funding: This work has been supported by the Quantum Beam Technology Program of the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science,and Technology(MEXT).
Laser-Compton scattering has become an important technique for beam diagnostics of the latest accelerators. In order to develop technologies for low emittance beams, an Accelerator Test facility (ATF) was built at KEK. It consists of an electron linac, a damping ring in which beam emittance is reduced, and an extraction line. For emittance measurement we are developing a new type of beam profile monitor which works on the principle of inverse Compton scattering between electron and laser light. In order to achieve effective collision of photon and electron, a pulsed and very thin size laser is required. Laser wire is one technique of measuring a small beam size. With green lasers, which are converted to second harmonics from IR pulsed laser, minimum beam waist is half of the beam waist obtained using infrared (IR) laser oscillator. Therefore, it is possible to obtain beam waist less than 5 μm using green laser pulse, which is required for effective photon-electron collision. First, pulsed IR seed laser is amplified with 1.5 meter long PCF based amplifier system. This pulsed IR laser is converted to second harmonics with a non-linear crystal. Pulsed green laser is injected inside four mirror optical cavity to obtain very small beam waist at interaction point (IP). Using a pulsed compact laser wire, we can measure 10 um electron beams in vertical directions. We report the development of the pulsed green laser and parameters of compact four mirror optical cavity for effective inverse Compton scattering.

Slides TUCYB2 [2.632 MB]

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TUCZB1

Novel Emittance Diagnostics for Diffraction Limited Light Sources Based on X-ray Fresnel Diffractometry

electron, radiation, diagnostics, betatron

274

M. Masaki, Y. Shimosaki, S. Takano, M. Takao
JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken, Japan

A novel emittance diagnostics technique with high sensitivity using X-ray Fresnel diffraction by a single slit has been developed to measure micron-order electron beam sizes at insertion devices (IDs) of photon beamlines. The X-ray Fresnel diffractometry (XFD)* is promising for diagnostics especially of a so-called diffraction limited storage ring (DLSR) with ultra-low emittance. In the DLSR, due to inevitable field errors of strong quadrupole and sextupole magnets, unwanted distortion of lattice functions and local betatron coupling will result in a different light source size at each beamline. Therefore, measurements of electron beam sizes at the ID source points will be essential to ensure the absence of degradation of brilliance and transverse coherence of radiation at the beamlines. The XFD observes a double-lobed diffraction pattern that emerges by optimizing the single slit width. The principle is based on a correlation between the depth of a median dip in the double-lobed pattern and the light source size at the ID. The validity of the new technique was theoretically and experimentally studied. The achievable resolution of the XFD will be also discussed.
* M. Masaki, et al.,"X-ray Fresnel Diffractometry for Ultra-Low Emittance Diagnostics of Next Generation Synchrotron Light Sources", submitted to Phys. Rev.ST-AB.

Slides TUCZB1 [5.456 MB]

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TUPD01

Distinct Transverse Emittance Measurements of the PXIE LEBT

solenoid, ion, dipole, ion-source

393

R.T.P. D'Arcy, B.M. Hanna, L.R. Prost, V.E. Scarpine, A.V. Shemyakin, J. Steimel
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359.
PXIE is the front-end test stand of the proposed PIP-II initiative i.e. the first step towards a CW-compatible, pulsed H⁻ superconducting RF linac upgrade to Fermilab’s injection complex. The test stand for this machine will be built step-wise; the Ion Source and Low-Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) are currently in place, with the RFQ and MEBT due for installation 2015. The initial LEBT configuration under investigation in this paper is comprised of a D-Pace Filament-driven H⁻ source and a single downstream solenoid, accompanied by a number of beam-diagnostic tools. The emittance studies expounded are performed via two methods: a position-angle phase-space sweep using an Allison-type emittance scanner; a solenoid corrector-induced transverse beam shift, impinging the bunch on an isolated, biased diaphragm. A detailed comparison of the two results is outlined.

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TUPD08

YAG:Ce Screen Monitor Using a Gated CCD Camera

timing, radiation, synchrotron-radiation, collider

426

T. Naito, T.M. Mitsuhashi
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

Due to its good spatial resolution, the YAG:Ce screen monitor is often used for small beam profile measurement in the Linac and beam transport line. We constructed a high-resolution YAG:Ce screen monitor at KEK-ATF2 for the observation of small size beams a. We tested two types of screens, one is powder YAG:Ce and the other is single crystal YAG:Ce. Both screens have 50μm thickness. To escape from strong COTR, we applied delayed timing of the gate for the CCD camera. A microscope having a spatial resolution of 6μm was set outside of a vacuum chamber to observe the scintillation light from the YAG:Ce screen. The results of the difference between the two screens, the camera performance with delayed gate, and the optical performance of the microscope will be presented in this session.

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WECZB3

Measurement of Beam Losses Using Optical Fibers at the Australian Synchrotron

electron, detector, synchrotron, beam-losses

515

E. Nebot Del Busto, C.P. Welsch
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
M.J. Boland
ASCo, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
M.J. Boland, R.P. Rassool
The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
E.B. Holzer, M. Kastriotou, E. Nebot Del Busto
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
P.D. Jackson
University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
J. Schmidt
Albert-Ludwig Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
C.P. Welsch
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

The unprecedented requirements that new machines are setting on their diagnostic systems are leading to the development of a new generation of devices with large dynamic range, sensitivity and time resolution. Beam loss detection is particularly challenging due to the large extension of new facilities that need to be covered with localized detectors. Candidates to mitigate this problem consist of systems in which the sensitive part of the radiation detectors can be extended over the long distances of beam lines. In this document, we study the feasibility of a beam loss monitor (BLM) system based on optical fibers as an active detector for an electron storage ring. The Australian Synchrotron (AS) comprises a 216m ring that stores electrons up to 3GeV. The Accelerator has recently claimed the world record lowest transverse emittance (below 1 pm rad). Ultra low transverse sizes and large amounts of synchrotron radiation provide an environment very similar to that expected in the CLIC damping rings. A qualitative benchmark of beam losses under damping ring-like conditions is presented here. A wide range of beam loss rates can be achieved by modifying the bunch charge, horizontal/vertical coupling and dynamic aperture as well as via beam scrapers. The controlled beam losses are observed by means of the Cherenkov light produced in a 365 um core Silica fiber. The output light is coupled to different types of photo sensors namely: Multi Pixel Photon Counters (MPPCs), standard PhotoMulTiplier (PMT) tubes and Avalanche PhotoDiodes (APD). A detailed comparison of the sensitivities and time resolution obtained with the different read-outs are discussed in this contribution.

Slides WECZB3 [2.755 MB]

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WEPF12

A Diagnostics of Ion Beam from 28 GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source

ion, diagnostics, ECR, ion-source

561

J.W. Ok, S. Choi, J.G. Hong, S.J. Kim, B.S. Lee, J.Y. Park, C.S. Shin, M. Won, J.H. Yoon
Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea
J. Bahng
Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea

A neutron radiography facility utilizing a 28 GHz superconducting electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source and a heavy ion accelerator is now under construction at Korea Basic Science Institute (KSBI). In order to generate a proper energy distribution of neutron, a lithium ion beam is considered. It will be accelerated up to the energy of 2.7 MeV/u by using a radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) and drift tube linear (DTL) accelerator. The 28 GHz superconducting ECR ion source, which is the state of the art of an ion injector, has been built to produce the lithium ion beam. The ion beam of 12 keV/u would be extracted to low energy beam transport (LEBT) system, which is comprised of several types of electromagnets to focus and deliver the beam, effectively. After transporting an ion beam through LEBT, RFQ once accelerates the ion beam from 12 to 500 keV/u. Finally, we can achieve the final beam energy at the DTL. Before the ion beam is delivered to accelerator, the requirements should be satisfied to confirm the status of beam. For this, we developed the instruments in the diagnostic chamber in the middle of LEBT system to observe the beam dynamics. An analyzing electromagnet, slits, wire scanners and faraday cup will be used to perform a diagnosis of ion beam characteristics. We will present and discuss the experimental results of ion beam profile and the current after selecting a required charge state.

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WEPF13

The Status of Beam Diagnostics for the Hie-Isolde Linac at Cern

diagnostics, detector, TRIUMF, simulation

565

E.D. Cantero, W. Andreazza, E. Bravin, A.G. Sosa
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
A.G. Sosa
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
A.G. Sosa
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Funding: CATHI is a Marie Curie Initial Training Network funded by the European Commission under Grant Agreement Number PITN-GA-2010-264330.
The HIE-ISOLDE project aims at upgrading the CERN ISOLDE radioactive ion beam facility for higher beam intensities and higher beam energies. New beam diagnostic devices have to be developed as part of this upgrade, in particular for the measurement of intensity, energy, transverse and longitudinal profiles, and transverse emittance. The beam energy ranges from 300 keV/u to 10 MeV/u and beam intensities are between 1 pA and 1 nA. Faraday cups will be used for the measurement of the beam intensity while silicon detectors will be used for the energy and longitudinal profile measurements. The transverse profiles will be measured by moving a V-shaped slit in front of a Faraday cup and the beam position will be calculated from the profiles. The transverse emittance can be measured using the existing REX-ISOLDE slit and grid system, or by the combined use of two scanning slits and a Faraday cup. The final design of the mentioned devices will be presented in this contribution, including the results of the experimental validation tests performed on prototypes during the last two years.

Poster WEPF13 [4.263 MB]

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WEPF17

Error Analysis for Pepperpot Emittance Measurements Redux: Correlated Phase Spaces

background, target, diagnostics, ion

579

S.M. Lidia
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
K. Murphy
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Funding: This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
Recently, Jolly et al. presented an analysis of the rms emittance measurement errors from a first principles approach [1]. Their approach demonstrated the propagation of errors in the single-plane rms emittance determination from several instrument and beam related sources. We have extended the analysis of error propagation and estimation to the fully correlated 4-D phase space emittances obtained from pepperpot measurements. We present the calculation of the variances using a Cholesky decomposition approach. Pepperpot data from recent experiments on the NDCX-II beamline are described, and estimates of the emittances and measurement errors for the 4-D as well as the projected rms emittances in this coupled system are presented.
[1] S. Jolly, et al., “Data Acquisition and Error Analysis for Pepperpot Emittance Measurements”, Proceedings of DIPAC ’09, WEOA03.

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WEPF19

Fast Transverse Phase Space Measurement System for GunLab - A Compact Test Beamline for SRF Photoinjectors

electron, quadrupole, SRF, gun

588

J. Völker, T. Kamps
HZB, Berlin, Germany

Superconducting radiofrequency photo electron injectors (SRF guns) are promising electron sources for the next generation of electron linear accelerators. The energy recovery linac (ERL) BERLinPro will employ a 1.5 cell 1.3 GHz SRF gun cavity with normal conducting high quantum efficiency photocathode to produce a 100mA CW electron beam with high brightness. We are currently working on a compact test beamline (GunLab) to investigate the properties of the electron beam and to optimize the drive laser as well RF parameters. The motivation for GunLab is to decouple the SRF gun development from the ERL development. The goal is to measure not only the complete 6 dimensional phase space of the extracted and accelerated bunches but also to investigate dark current and beam halo. In this paper we will discuss unique features of GunLab for the phase space measurements.

Poster WEPF19 [2.025 MB]

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WEPD01

Observations of the Quadrupolar Oscillations at GSI SIS-18

pick-up, injection, quadrupole, space-charge

629

R. Singh, P. Forck, P. Kowina
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
M. Gąsior
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
W.F.O. Müller, J.A. Tsemo Kamga, T. Weiland
TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

An asymmetric capacitive pick-up was installed at GSI SIS-18 for determination of the turn-by-turn beam quadrupole moment. The pick-up geometry is simulated to estimate its sensitivity towards the beam dipole and quadrupole moments. Turn-by-turn quadrupole moment measurement allows to calculate the frequency of beam-size oscillations. Recent beam measurements using this pick-up show clear indications of the beam-size oscillations induced by the injection mismatch. In this contribution, we present these measurements and discuss their relevance for the direct determination of the incoherent space charge tune shift.

Poster WEPD01 [3.589 MB]

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