IBIC2014 - List of Keywords (background)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOCYB3	Longitudinal Laser Wire at SNS	laser, ion, electron, controls	12
	A.P. Zhukov, A.V. Aleksandrov, Y. Liu ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	Funding: ORNL/SNS is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. This paper describes a longitudinal H⁻ beam profile scanner that utilizes laser light to detach convoy electrons and an MCP to collect and measure these electrons. The scanner is located in MEBT with H⁻ energy of 2.5MeV and an RF frequency 402.5MHz. The picosecond pulsed laser runs at 80.5MHz in sync with the accelerator RF. The laser beam is delivered to the beam line through a 30m optical fiber. The pulse width after the fiber transmission measures about 10ps. Scanning the laser phase effectively allows measurements to move along ion bunch longitudinal position. We are able to reliably measure production beam bunch length with this method. The biggest problem we have encountered is background signal from electrons being stripped by vacuum. Several techniques of signal detection are discussed.
	Slides MOCYB3 [4.519 MB]
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MOPF04	RHIC Injection Transport Beam Emittance Measurements	emittance, factory, proton, extraction	45
	J.Y. Huang Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA D.M. Gassner, M.G. Minty, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, N. Tsoupas, C.M. Zimmer BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	The Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS)-to-Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) transfer line, abbreviated AtR, is an integral component for the transfer of proton and heavy ion bunches from the AGS to RHIC. In this study, using 23.8 GeV proton beams, we focused on factors that may affect the accuracy of emittance measurements that provide information on the quality of the beam injected into RHIC. The method of emittance measurement uses fluorescent screens in the AtR. The factors that may affect the measurement are: background noise, calibration, resolution, and dispersive corrections. Ideal video Offset (black level, brightness) and Gain (contrast) settings were determined for consistent initial conditions in the Flag Profile Monitor (FPM) application. Using this information, we also updated spatial calibrations for the FPM using corresponding fiducial markings and sketches. Resolution error was determined using the Modulation Transfer Function amplitude. To measure the contribution of the beam’s dispersion, we conducted a scan of beam position and size at relevant Beam Position Monitors (BPMs) and Video Profile Monitors (VPMs, or “flags”) by varying the extraction energy with a scan of the RF frequency in the AGS. The combined effects of these factors resulted in slight variations in emittance values, with further analysis suggesting potential discrepancies in the current model of the beam line’s focusing properties. In the process of testing various contributing factors, a system of checks has been established for future studies, providing an efficient, standardized, and reproducible procedure that might encourage greater reliance on the transfer line’s emittance and beam parameter measurements.
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MOPF14	Vertical Beam Size Measurement at CesrTA Using Diffraction Radiation	target, radiation, electron, polarization	77
	L.M. Bobb, T. Aumeyr, P. Karataev JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom T. Aumeyr, P. Karataev Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom M.G. Billing, J.V. Conway Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA L.M. Bobb DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom E. Bravin, T. Lefèvre, S. Mazzoni, H. Schmickler CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Over recent years the first Diffraction Radiation (DR) beam size monitor has been tested on a circular machine. At CesrTA, Cornell University, USA, the sensitivity and limitations of the DR monitor for vertical beam size measurement has been investigated. DR emitted from 1 and 0.5 mm target apertures was observed at 400 and 600 nm wavelengths. In addition, interference between the DR signals emitted by the target and mask has been observed. In this report, we present the recent observations and discuss areas for improvement.
	Poster MOPF14 [3.379 MB]
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MOPD03	Performance and Upgrade of the Fast Beam Condition Monitor at CMS	luminosity, electron, electronics, laser	134
	M. Hempel, H.M. Henschel, O. Karacheban, W. Lange, J.L. Leonard, M. Penno DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany K. Afanaciev NC PHEP BSU, Minsk, Belarus A.I. Bell DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom P.R. Burtowy, A.E. Dabrowski, R. Loos, V. Ryjov, A.A. Zagozdzinska CERN, Geneva, Switzerland W. Lohmann BTU, Cottbus, Germany W. Lohmann, R. Walsh DESY, Hamburg, Germany B.L. Pollack NU, Evanston, Illinois, USA D. Przyborowski AGH, Cracow, Poland S. Schuwalow Uni HH, Hamburg, Germany D.P. Stickland PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
	The Fast Beam Condition Monitor BCM1F is a diamond based particle detector inside CMS. It is based on 8 single crystal CVD diamond sensors on both ends of the interaction point and is used for beam background and luminosity measurements. The system has been operated up to an integrated luminosity of 30fb-1, corresponding to a particle fluence of 8.78·10¹³ cm^-2 (24GeV proton equivalent). To maintain the performance at a bunch spacing of 25ns and at the enhanced luminosity after the LHC Long Shutdown LS1, an upgrade of BCM1F is necessary. The upgraded system features 24 single crystal diamond sensors with a two pad metallization, a very fast front-end ASIC built with 130nm CMOS technology and new back-end electronics. A prototype of the upgraded BCM1F components were studied in the 5GeV electron beam at DESY. Measurements were done on the signal shape as function of time, the collection efficiency as a function of voltage and position of the impact point on the sensor surface. The preliminary results of this testbeam will be presented. In addition, the status of the new upgraded BCM1F will be given.
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TUPD05	Optimization of Beam Induced Fluorescence Monitors for Profile Measurements of High Current Heavy Ion Beams at GSI	detector, ion, operation, experiment	412
	C. Andre, P. Forck, R. Haseitl, A. Reiter, R. Singh, B. Walasek-Höhne GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	To cope with the demands of the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) for high current operation at the GSI Heavy Ion Linear Accelerator UNILAC non intercepting methods for transverse beam profile measurement are required. In addition to intercepting diagnostics like Secondary Electron Emission Grid (SEM-Grid) or scintillating screens, the Beam Induced Fluorescence (BIF) Monitor, an optical measurement device based on the observation of fluorescent light emitted by excited nitrogen molecules, was brought to routine operation. Starting with the first installations in 2008 and consequent improvements, successively six monitors were set up in the UNILAC and in the transfer line (TK) towards the synchrotron SIS18. BIF is used as a standard diagnostic tool to observe the ion beam at kinetic energies between 1.4 and 11.4 MeV/u. Beside the standard operation mode where the gas pressure is varied, further detailed investigations were conducted. The BIF setups were tested with various beam parameters. Different settings of camera, optics and image intensification were applied to improve the image quality for data analysis. In parallel, the light yield from different setups was compared for various ions, charge states, beam energies and particle numbers.
	Poster TUPD05 [0.639 MB]
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TUPD07	Performance Demonstration of the Non-Invasive Bunch Shape Monitor at GSI High Current LINAC	electron, linac, ion, detector	421
	B. Zwicker, O.K. Kester IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany C. Dorn, P. Forck, O.K. Kester, P. Kowina, B. Zwicker GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	Funding: Supported by EU-Project CRISP, WP3 T1 ‘Non-intercepting Bunch Shape Monitors‘ At the heavy ion LINAC at GSI, a novel scheme of non-invasive Bunch Shape Monitor has been tested with several ions beam at 11.4 MeV/u and beam current in the range from 80 μA to 1000 μA. Caused by the beam impact on the residual gas, secondary electrons are liberated. These electrons are accelerated by an electrostatic field, transported through a sophisticated electrostatic energy analyzer and an rf-deflector, acting as a time-to-space converter. Finally a MCP amplifies the electrons and the electron distribution is detected by a CCD camera. For the applied beam settings this Bunch Shape Monitor is able to obtain longitudinal profiles down to of 250 ps RMS width with an RMS resolution of 34 ps, corresponding to 0.5° of the 36 MHz acceleration frequency. Systematic parameter studies, for the device were performed to demonstrate the applicability and to determine the achievable resolution. The background contribution, as orginated by x-rays, are investigated.
	Poster TUPD07 [4.425 MB]
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TUPD21	AC Coupling Studies and Circuit Model for Loss Monitor Ring	niobium, ion, coupling, simulation	455
	Z. Liu, J.L. Crisp, S.M. Lidia FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661, the State of Michigan and Michigan State University. As a follow-up study to the initial design of FRIB Loss Monitor Ring (previously named Halo Monitor Ring [1]), we present recent results of coupling studies between the FRIB CW beam and the Loss Monitor Ring (LMR). While a ~33 kHz low-pass filter was proposed to attenuate high-frequency AC-coupled signals [1,2], the LMR current signal may still contain low frequency signals induced by the un-intercepted beam, for example, by the 50μs beam notch that repeats every 10ms. We use CST Microwave Studio to simulate the AC response of a Gaussian source signal and benchmarked it to analytical model. A circuit model for beam-notch-induced AC signal is deduced and should put a ~33pA (peak) bipolar pulse on the LMR at 100Hz repetition rate. Although its amplitude falls into our tolerable region, we could consider an extended background integration to eliminate this effect.
	Poster TUPD21 [1.201 MB]
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WEPF17	Error Analysis for Pepperpot Emittance Measurements Redux: Correlated Phase Spaces	emittance, target, diagnostics, ion	579
	S.M. Lidia FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA K. Murphy LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	Funding: This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Recently, Jolly et al. presented an analysis of the rms emittance measurement errors from a first principles approach [1]. Their approach demonstrated the propagation of errors in the single-plane rms emittance determination from several instrument and beam related sources. We have extended the analysis of error propagation and estimation to the fully correlated 4-D phase space emittances obtained from pepperpot measurements. We present the calculation of the variances using a Cholesky decomposition approach. Pepperpot data from recent experiments on the NDCX-II beamline are described, and estimates of the emittances and measurement errors for the 4-D as well as the projected rms emittances in this coupled system are presented. [1] S. Jolly, et al., “Data Acquisition and Error Analysis for Pepperpot Emittance Measurements”, Proceedings of DIPAC ’09, WEOA03.
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WEPF24	Development of Three-Dimensional Dose Verification System using a Fluorescent Screen in Ion Beam Therapy	ion, brightness, experiment, heavy-ion	601
	Y. Hara, T. Furukawa, K. Mizushima, K. Noda, N. S. Saotome, T. Shirai, E. Takeshita, R. Tansho NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan Y. Saraya National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
	For quality assurance (QA) of therapeutic ion beams, QA tool having high spatial resolution and quick verification is required. The imaging system with a fluorescent screen is suitable for QA procedure. We developed a quick veriﬁcation system (NQA-SCN) using a ﬂuorescent screen with a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera for the sake of two dimensional dosimetry. In carbon-ion therapy, the ﬂuorescent light is decreased by suffering from quenching effect due to the increased linear energy transfer (LET) in the Bragg peak. For the use of three-dimensional dose verification, we performed a simple correction for quenching effect and several types of corrections for the optical artifact. In addition, NQA-SCN is attached with an accordion-type water phantom which makes it possible to easily change measurement depth. To evaluate the performance of NQA-SCN, we carried out experiments concerning QA procedures. In my presentation, we provide correction methods and detailed analysis of measured results.
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Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOCYB3

Longitudinal Laser Wire at SNS

laser, ion, electron, controls

12

A.P. Zhukov, A.V. Aleksandrov, Y. Liu
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

Funding: ORNL/SNS is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725.
This paper describes a longitudinal H⁻ beam profile scanner that utilizes laser light to detach convoy electrons and an MCP to collect and measure these electrons. The scanner is located in MEBT with H⁻ energy of 2.5MeV and an RF frequency 402.5MHz. The picosecond pulsed laser runs at 80.5MHz in sync with the accelerator RF. The laser beam is delivered to the beam line through a 30m optical fiber. The pulse width after the fiber transmission measures about 10ps. Scanning the laser phase effectively allows measurements to move along ion bunch longitudinal position. We are able to reliably measure production beam bunch length with this method. The biggest problem we have encountered is background signal from electrons being stripped by vacuum. Several techniques of signal detection are discussed.

Slides MOCYB3 [4.519 MB]

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MOPF04

RHIC Injection Transport Beam Emittance Measurements

emittance, factory, proton, extraction

45

J.Y. Huang
Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
D.M. Gassner, M.G. Minty, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, N. Tsoupas, C.M. Zimmer
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

The Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS)-to-Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) transfer line, abbreviated AtR, is an integral component for the transfer of proton and heavy ion bunches from the AGS to RHIC. In this study, using 23.8 GeV proton beams, we focused on factors that may affect the accuracy of emittance measurements that provide information on the quality of the beam injected into RHIC. The method of emittance measurement uses fluorescent screens in the AtR. The factors that may affect the measurement are: background noise, calibration, resolution, and dispersive corrections. Ideal video Offset (black level, brightness) and Gain (contrast) settings were determined for consistent initial conditions in the Flag Profile Monitor (FPM) application. Using this information, we also updated spatial calibrations for the FPM using corresponding fiducial markings and sketches. Resolution error was determined using the Modulation Transfer Function amplitude. To measure the contribution of the beam’s dispersion, we conducted a scan of beam position and size at relevant Beam Position Monitors (BPMs) and Video Profile Monitors (VPMs, or “flags”) by varying the extraction energy with a scan of the RF frequency in the AGS. The combined effects of these factors resulted in slight variations in emittance values, with further analysis suggesting potential discrepancies in the current model of the beam line’s focusing properties. In the process of testing various contributing factors, a system of checks has been established for future studies, providing an efficient, standardized, and reproducible procedure that might encourage greater reliance on the transfer line’s emittance and beam parameter measurements.

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MOPF14

Vertical Beam Size Measurement at CesrTA Using Diffraction Radiation

target, radiation, electron, polarization

77

L.M. Bobb, T. Aumeyr, P. Karataev
JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
T. Aumeyr, P. Karataev
Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom
M.G. Billing, J.V. Conway
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
L.M. Bobb
DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
E. Bravin, T. Lefèvre, S. Mazzoni, H. Schmickler
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Over recent years the first Diffraction Radiation (DR) beam size monitor has been tested on a circular machine. At CesrTA, Cornell University, USA, the sensitivity and limitations of the DR monitor for vertical beam size measurement has been investigated. DR emitted from 1 and 0.5 mm target apertures was observed at 400 and 600 nm wavelengths. In addition, interference between the DR signals emitted by the target and mask has been observed. In this report, we present the recent observations and discuss areas for improvement.

Poster MOPF14 [3.379 MB]

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MOPD03

Performance and Upgrade of the Fast Beam Condition Monitor at CMS

luminosity, electron, electronics, laser

134

M. Hempel, H.M. Henschel, O. Karacheban, W. Lange, J.L. Leonard, M. Penno
DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany
K. Afanaciev
NC PHEP BSU, Minsk, Belarus
A.I. Bell
DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
P.R. Burtowy, A.E. Dabrowski, R. Loos, V. Ryjov, A.A. Zagozdzinska
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
W. Lohmann
BTU, Cottbus, Germany
W. Lohmann, R. Walsh
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
B.L. Pollack
NU, Evanston, Illinois, USA
D. Przyborowski
AGH, Cracow, Poland
S. Schuwalow
Uni HH, Hamburg, Germany
D.P. Stickland
PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA

The Fast Beam Condition Monitor BCM1F is a diamond based particle detector inside CMS. It is based on 8 single crystal CVD diamond sensors on both ends of the interaction point and is used for beam background and luminosity measurements. The system has been operated up to an integrated luminosity of 30fb-1, corresponding to a particle fluence of 8.78·10¹³ cm^-2 (24GeV proton equivalent). To maintain the performance at a bunch spacing of 25ns and at the enhanced luminosity after the LHC Long Shutdown LS1, an upgrade of BCM1F is necessary. The upgraded system features 24 single crystal diamond sensors with a two pad metallization, a very fast front-end ASIC built with 130nm CMOS technology and new back-end electronics. A prototype of the upgraded BCM1F components were studied in the 5GeV electron beam at DESY. Measurements were done on the signal shape as function of time, the collection efficiency as a function of voltage and position of the impact point on the sensor surface. The preliminary results of this testbeam will be presented. In addition, the status of the new upgraded BCM1F will be given.

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TUPD05

Optimization of Beam Induced Fluorescence Monitors for Profile Measurements of High Current Heavy Ion Beams at GSI

detector, ion, operation, experiment

412

C. Andre, P. Forck, R. Haseitl, A. Reiter, R. Singh, B. Walasek-Höhne
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

To cope with the demands of the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) for high current operation at the GSI Heavy Ion Linear Accelerator UNILAC non intercepting methods for transverse beam profile measurement are required. In addition to intercepting diagnostics like Secondary Electron Emission Grid (SEM-Grid) or scintillating screens, the Beam Induced Fluorescence (BIF) Monitor, an optical measurement device based on the observation of fluorescent light emitted by excited nitrogen molecules, was brought to routine operation. Starting with the first installations in 2008 and consequent improvements, successively six monitors were set up in the UNILAC and in the transfer line (TK) towards the synchrotron SIS18. BIF is used as a standard diagnostic tool to observe the ion beam at kinetic energies between 1.4 and 11.4 MeV/u. Beside the standard operation mode where the gas pressure is varied, further detailed investigations were conducted. The BIF setups were tested with various beam parameters. Different settings of camera, optics and image intensification were applied to improve the image quality for data analysis. In parallel, the light yield from different setups was compared for various ions, charge states, beam energies and particle numbers.

Poster TUPD05 [0.639 MB]

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TUPD07

Performance Demonstration of the Non-Invasive Bunch Shape Monitor at GSI High Current LINAC

electron, linac, ion, detector

421

B. Zwicker, O.K. Kester
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
C. Dorn, P. Forck, O.K. Kester, P. Kowina, B. Zwicker
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

Funding: Supported by EU-Project CRISP, WP3 T1 ‘Non-intercepting Bunch Shape Monitors‘
At the heavy ion LINAC at GSI, a novel scheme of non-invasive Bunch Shape Monitor has been tested with several ions beam at 11.4 MeV/u and beam current in the range from 80 μA to 1000 μA. Caused by the beam impact on the residual gas, secondary electrons are liberated. These electrons are accelerated by an electrostatic field, transported through a sophisticated electrostatic energy analyzer and an rf-deflector, acting as a time-to-space converter. Finally a MCP amplifies the electrons and the electron distribution is detected by a CCD camera. For the applied beam settings this Bunch Shape Monitor is able to obtain longitudinal profiles down to of 250 ps RMS width with an RMS resolution of 34 ps, corresponding to 0.5° of the 36 MHz acceleration frequency. Systematic parameter studies, for the device were performed to demonstrate the applicability and to determine the achievable resolution. The background contribution, as orginated by x-rays, are investigated.

Poster TUPD07 [4.425 MB]

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TUPD21

AC Coupling Studies and Circuit Model for Loss Monitor Ring

niobium, ion, coupling, simulation

455

Z. Liu, J.L. Crisp, S.M. Lidia
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661, the State of Michigan and Michigan State University.
As a follow-up study to the initial design of FRIB Loss Monitor Ring (previously named Halo Monitor Ring [1]), we present recent results of coupling studies between the FRIB CW beam and the Loss Monitor Ring (LMR). While a ~33 kHz low-pass filter was proposed to attenuate high-frequency AC-coupled signals [1,2], the LMR current signal may still contain low frequency signals induced by the un-intercepted beam, for example, by the 50μs beam notch that repeats every 10ms. We use CST Microwave Studio to simulate the AC response of a Gaussian source signal and benchmarked it to analytical model. A circuit model for beam-notch-induced AC signal is deduced and should put a ~33pA (peak) bipolar pulse on the LMR at 100Hz repetition rate. Although its amplitude falls into our tolerable region, we could consider an extended background integration to eliminate this effect.

Poster TUPD21 [1.201 MB]

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WEPF17

Error Analysis for Pepperpot Emittance Measurements Redux: Correlated Phase Spaces

emittance, target, diagnostics, ion

579

S.M. Lidia
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
K. Murphy
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Funding: This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
Recently, Jolly et al. presented an analysis of the rms emittance measurement errors from a first principles approach [1]. Their approach demonstrated the propagation of errors in the single-plane rms emittance determination from several instrument and beam related sources. We have extended the analysis of error propagation and estimation to the fully correlated 4-D phase space emittances obtained from pepperpot measurements. We present the calculation of the variances using a Cholesky decomposition approach. Pepperpot data from recent experiments on the NDCX-II beamline are described, and estimates of the emittances and measurement errors for the 4-D as well as the projected rms emittances in this coupled system are presented.
[1] S. Jolly, et al., “Data Acquisition and Error Analysis for Pepperpot Emittance Measurements”, Proceedings of DIPAC ’09, WEOA03.

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WEPF24

Development of Three-Dimensional Dose Verification System using a Fluorescent Screen in Ion Beam Therapy

ion, brightness, experiment, heavy-ion

601

Y. Hara, T. Furukawa, K. Mizushima, K. Noda, N. S. Saotome, T. Shirai, E. Takeshita, R. Tansho
NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
Y. Saraya
National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan

For quality assurance (QA) of therapeutic ion beams, QA tool having high spatial resolution and quick verification is required. The imaging system with a fluorescent screen is suitable for QA procedure. We developed a quick veriﬁcation system (NQA-SCN) using a ﬂuorescent screen with a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera for the sake of two dimensional dosimetry. In carbon-ion therapy, the ﬂuorescent light is decreased by suffering from quenching effect due to the increased linear energy transfer (LET) in the Bragg peak. For the use of three-dimensional dose verification, we performed a simple correction for quenching effect and several types of corrections for the optical artifact. In addition, NQA-SCN is attached with an accordion-type water phantom which makes it possible to easily change measurement depth. To evaluate the performance of NQA-SCN, we carried out experiments concerning QA procedures. In my presentation, we provide correction methods and detailed analysis of measured results.

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