Keyword: plasma
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MOXPLM2 From Dreams to Reality: Prospects for Applying Advanced Accelerator Technology to Next Generation Scientific User Facilities electron, laser, acceleration, wakefield 1
 
  • M. Ferrario
    INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy
  • R.W. Aßmann
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  
  Recent years have seen spectacular progress in the development of innovative acceleration methods that are not based on traditional RF accelerating structures. These novel developments are at the interface of laser, plasma and accelerator physics and may potentially lead to much more compact and economical accelerator facilities. While primarily focusing on the ability to accelerate charged particles with much larger gradients than traditional RF, these new techniques have yet to demonstrate comparable performances to RF in terms of both beam parameters or reproducibility. To guide the developments beyond the necessary basic R&D and concept validations, a common understanding and definition of required performance and beam parameters for an operational user facility is now needed. These innovative user facilities can include "table-top" light sources, medical accelerators, industrial accelerators or even high-energy colliders. The talk will review the most promising developments in new acceleration methods, it will present the status of ongoing projects including the EU project EuPRAXIA and will identify the set of required specifications for the application under consideration.  
slides icon Slides MOXPLM2 [16.331 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOXPLM2  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 16 June 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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MOPGW027 Design Considerations for Permenant Magnetic Quadrupole Triplet for Matching Into Laser Driven Wake Field Acceleration Experiment at SINBAD laser, electron, experiment, acceleration 143
 
  • S. Yamin, R.W. Aßmann, U. Dorda, F. Lemery, B. Marchetti, E. Panofski, P.A. Walker
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  
  SINBAD (Short and INnovative Bunches and Accelerators at DESY) facility aims to produce ultrashort bunches (sub-fs) at ~100 MeV, suitable for injection into novel accelerators e.g. dielectric Laser acceleration (DLA) and Laser Driven Wakefield acceleration (LWFA). The LWFA experiment demands β functions to be of the order of 1 mm to reduce energy spreads and emittance growth from nonlinearities. Matching such a space charge dominated beam to such constraints with conventional electromagnets is challenging. A Permanent Magnetic Quadrupole (PMQ) triplet is one promising focusing strategy. In this paper, we investigate the performance of a PMQ triplet to fit the requirements of the electron beam properties in a plasma cell and discuss the realizable phase spaces for the LWFA experiment planned at SINBAD.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPGW027  
About • paper received ※ 14 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 20 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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MOPRB013 Focusing of High-Brightness Electron Beams with Active-Plasma Lenses emittance, focusing, electron, experiment 601
 
  • R. Pompili
    INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy
  
  Plasma-based technology promises a tremendous reduction in size of accelerators used for research, medical, and industrial applications, making it possible to develop tabletop machines accessible for a broader scientific community. By overcoming current limits of conventional accelerators and pushing particles to larger and larger energies, the availability of strong and tunable focusing optics is mandatory also because plasma-accelerated beams usually have large angular divergences. In this regard, active-plasma lenses represent a compact and affordable tool to generate radially symmetric magnetic fields several orders of magnitude larger than conventional quadrupoles and solenoids. However, it has been recently proved that the focusing can be highly nonlinear and induce a dramatic emittance growth. Here, we present experimental results showing how these nonlinearities can be minimized and lensing improved. These achievements represent a major breakthrough toward the miniaturization of next-generation focusing devices.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPRB013  
About • paper received ※ 13 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 20 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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MOPTS025 Overview of the ARES Bunch Compressor at SINBAD electron, laser, linac, simulation 902
 
  • F. Lemery
    University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
  • R.W. Aßmann, U. Dorda, K. Flöttmann, J. Hauser, M. Hüning, G. Kube, M. Lantschner, S. Lederer, B. Marchetti, N. Mildner, M. Pelzer, M. Rosan, J. Tiessen, K. Wittenburg
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  
  Funding: This project has received funding from the European Unions Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under Grant Agreement No 730871.
Bunch compressors are essential for the generation of short bunches with applications in e.g. colliders, free electron lasers, and advanced accelerator concepts. The up-and-coming ARES accelerator located at SINBAD, DESY will support the formation of ~100~MeV, pC, sub-fs electron bunches for LWFA research and development. We give an overview on the ARES bunch compressor, providing start-to-end simulations of the machine and an update on its technical design. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPTS025  
About • paper received ※ 17 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 20 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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MOPTS054 Status of the CLEAR Electron Beam User Facility at CERN experiment, electron, radiation, operation 983
 
  • K.N. Sjobak, E. Adli, C.A. Lindstrøm
    University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
  • M. Bergamaschi, S. Burger, R. Corsini, A. Curcio, S. Curt, S. Döbert, W. Farabolini, D. Gamba, L. Garolfi, A. Gilardi, I. Gorgisyan, E. Granados, H. Guerin, R. Kieffer, M. Krupa, T. Lefèvre, S. Mazzoni, G. McMonagle, N. Nadenau, H. Panuganti, S. Pitman, V. Rude, A. Schlogelhofer, P.K. Skowroński, M. Wendt, A.P. Zemanek
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • A. Lyapin
    UCL, London, United Kingdom
  
  The CERN Linear Electron Accelerator for Research (CLEAR) has now finished its second year of operation, providing a testbed for new accelerator technologies and a versatile radiation source. Hosting a varied experimental program, this beamline provides a flexible test facility for users both internal and external to CERN, as well as being an excellent accelerator physics training ground. The energy can be varied between 60 and 220 MeV, bunch length between 1 and 4 ps, bunch charge in the range 10 pC to 2 nC, and number of bunches in the range 1 to 200, at a repetition rate of 0.8 to 10 Hz. The status of the facility with an overview of the recent experimental results is presented.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPTS054  
About • paper received ※ 12 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 20 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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MOPTS096 Linac4: Reliability Run Results and Source Extraction Studies emittance, extraction, linac, simulation 1090
 
  • D. Noll, G. Bellodi, S.B. Bertolo, F.D.L. Di Lorenzo, J.-B. Lallement, J. Lettry, A.M. Lombardi, C.M. Mastrostefano, B. Mikulec, M. O’Neil, S. Schuh, R. Wegner
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  
  Linac4, a 160 MeV, 352.2 MHz linear accelerator, has been fully commissioned and will take its place as new injector to the CERN chain of accelerators during the long shutdown (LS2) in 2019-2020. In the past year, it has been continuously providing beam during a test run to assess its reliability in view of the connection to the LHC injector chain. The target reliability of more than 90% has been demonstrated during the accumulated nine months of run in 2017 and 2018. The beam quality at 160 MeV is suitable for producing all beams for the CERN physics program of today. Nevertheless, the limited peak current of 30mA might be a limitation for future high intensity programs. The bottleneck has been identified at the low energy end of the accelerator. In the meantime, beam extraction and low energy beam transport studies are ongoing at a dedicated test stand with the goal to reach beam currents from the pre-injector up to 45 mA. We will present the status of the modelling of the pre-injector and possible solutions to reach higher beam currents from the RFQ along with results from the reliability run.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPTS096  
About • paper received ※ 30 April 2019       paper accepted ※ 19 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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TUPTS001 Improvements in Rf Multi Cusp Negative Ion Source ion-source, simulation, coupling, operation 1928
 
  • A.M. George, M.P. Dehnel, S.V. Melanson, D.E. Potkins, T.M. Stewart
    D-Pace, Nelson, British Columbia, Canada
  • N. Broderick
    University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
  • Y. Shimabukuro
    Doshisha University, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto, Japan
  
  D-Pace’s 13.56 MHz Radio Frequency (RF) multi cusp negative ion source uses an Aluminium Nitride (AlN) dielectric window for coupling RF power from an external antenna to the plasma chamber. Ion source operation was limited to low RF power (< 3500 W) due to failures (cracks) occurring on the window during experiments. Such events can cause damages to the vacuum system and plasma chamber. The current work deals with simulations performed on the ion source to study the factors leading to the failure of the window. Based on results from the simulations, a new design was introduced. The improved design yielded positive results in terms of source performance and stability of the AlN window.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-TUPTS001  
About • paper received ※ 15 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 22 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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TUPTS004 Development of a Penning Ion Source Test Stand for Production of Alpha Particles ion-source, cathode, cyclotron, electron 1932
 
  • N. Savard
    UBC, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
  • M.P. Dehnel, P.T. Jackle, S.V. Melanson, D.E. Potkins, J.E. Theroux
    D-Pace, Nelson, British Columbia, Canada
  • G.M. Marcoux
    Carleton University, College of Natural Sciences, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
  
  Medical cyclotron manufacturers are seeking less-costly and more compact ion sources than Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources (ECRIS) for alpha particle production, which are currently capable of generating beam currents up to 2 mA at energies of 30 keV for axial injection into these cyclotrons. Penning Ion Sources by comparison are relatively old technologies mostly used for cheap singly-charged ion production. However, these ion sources have been used in the past for high-current multiply-charged state ion production of heavy ions up to a few mA of current, and are much smaller, cheaper, and less complex than ECRISs. Therefore, we are developing a Penning Ion source test stand to produce high-current alpha-particles for medical cyclotrons. This requires designs and simulations of all the primary components of the ion source. This system will be used to fully characterize the output beam current and internal plasma properties as a function of varying gas pressure, ion source geometries, magnetic field strength, arc voltage/current, and material properties. The result will be a source optimized for maximum alpha particle beam currents, to be used as a prototype for a commercial Penning Ion Source.
* J. Bennet. A Review of PIG Sources for Multiply Charged Heavy Ions. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 1972. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-TUPTS004  
About • paper received ※ 13 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 22 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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TUPTS009 Operating the SNS RF H− Ion Source with a 10% Duty Factor ion-source, electron, neutron, LEBT 1951
 
  • M.P. Stockli, M.E. Clemmer, S.M. Cousineau, B. Han, T.A. Justice, Y.W. Kang, S.N. Murray, T.R. Pennisi, C. Piller, R.F. Welton
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
  • I.N. Draganic, R.W. Garnett, D. Kleinjan, G. Rouleau
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
  • V.G. Dudnikov
    Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA
  • C. Stinson
    ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
  
  Funding: This work was performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 and at Los Alamos National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396 for the U.S. Department of Energy.
The SNS (Spallation Neutron Source) (radio-frequency) RF-driven, H− ion source injects ~50 mA of H− beam into the SNS accelerator at 60 Hz with a 6% duty factor. It injects up to 7 A·hrs of H− ions during its ~14-week service cycles, which is an unprecedented lifetime for small-emittance, high-current pulsed H− ion sources. The SNS source also features unprecedented low cesium consumption and can be installed and started up in <10 h. Presently, the LANSCE (Los Alamos Neutron Science CEnter) accelerator complex in Los Alamos is fed by a filament-driven, biased converter-type H− source that operates with a high plasma duty factor of 10%. It needs to be replaced every 4 weeks with a ~4 day startup phase. The measured negative beam current of 16-18 mA falls below the desired 21 mA acceptance of LANSCE’s accelerator especially since the beam contains several mA of electrons. LANSCE and SNS are exploring the possibility of using the SNS RF H− source at LANSCE to increase the H− beam current and the ion source lifetime while decreasing the startup time. For this purpose, the SNS H− source has been tested at a 10% duty factor by operating it at 120 Hz with 840 µs plasma pulses generated with ~30 kW of 2 MHz RF power, and extracting ~25 mA around-the-clock for 28 days. This, and additional tests and other considerations are discussed in this paper. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-TUPTS009  
About • paper received ※ 14 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 23 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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TUPTS025 Arc and Convertor Current Transient Studies for Multi-cusp Cesiated Surface Conversion H− Source at Lansce ion-source, operation, extraction, electron 1983
 
  • D. Kleinjan
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
  
  The Multi-cusp Cesiated Surface Conversion H− Ion Source at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) has provided beam at ~14 mA, 120 Hz, and 10% D.F. for many years of neutron science research. Recently, random high current transients were discovered in the arc current used to ionize hydrogen in the LANSCE H− ion source, and in the convertor current used to convert protons to H− ions. Most have no effect, but more severe transients can cripple beam output. Hypothesized causes are related to cesiation effects, plasma potential changes, tungsten filament vaporation/sputtering, or from the pulsed power system. A dedicated study was recently done on the LANSCE H− Ion source test stand to determine the cause of these transients. Current understanding indicates that the more severe transients come from a combination of cesiation effects and plasma potential changes. The status of these current transient studies on the LANSCE H− ion source will be discussed.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-TUPTS025  
About • paper received ※ 14 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 23 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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TUPTS071 H+ and H− Ion Beam Injectors at LANSCE: Beam Production Status and Planned Injector Upgrades ion-source, cathode, proton, LEBT 2087
 
  • I.N. Draganic, D. Kleinjan, G. Rouleau
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
  
  The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center operates with two 750 keV Cockcroft-Walton accelerators for simultaneous injection of H+ and H− ion beams into a 800 MeV linear accelerator. The proton ion beam is produced using a duoplasmatron source and the H− ion beam is formed with a cesiated, multi-cusp-field, surface converter ion source. An overview of ion injector status, recent low energy beam transport line optimizations and ion source performance improvements will be presented. To reduce long term operational risks and to improve existing LANSCE beam production for all facility users, new injector upgrades are underway: 1) replacing the H+ CW injector with a Radio-Frequency Quadruple accelerator and 2) increasing H− ion beam brightness and extending source lifetime using the novel SNS RF negative ion source. The status of upgrade projects will be discussed.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-TUPTS071  
About • paper received ※ 14 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 21 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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TUPTS095 Global Model of Multi-Chamber Negative Hydrogen Ion Sources with Updated Hydrogen Plasma Chemistry simulation, ion-source, electron, interface 2144
 
  • S.N. Averkin, S.A. Veitzer
    Tech-X, Boulder, Colorado, USA
  
  Funding: This work was performed under the auspices of the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences Award #DE-SC0009585.
Global models of plasma discharges are used to calculate volume averaged number densities and temperatures of plasma components. The wall fluxes are estimated based on heuristic expressions that "patch" together analytic and semi-analytic solutions covering from low-pressure to high-pressure regimes. Due to the nature of the wall fluxes estimation, the global models are limited to single chamber designs. We present the extension of the Global Enhanced Vibrational Kinetic Model (GEVKM) * for the multi-chamber design with the updated hydrogen plasma chemistry **. The extended GEVKM consists of separate global models for macroscopic parameters of all species in each chamber coupled through interface boundary conditions. We compare our model with fluid simulation results for a plasma composition and species temperatures in the negative hydrogen ion source developed at IPP Garching.
* Averkin S.N. et al, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., Vol. 43, N. 6, pp. 1926-1943, 2015.
** Yang W. et al, Phys. Plasmas, 25, 113509, 2018. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-TUPTS095  
About • paper received ※ 21 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 23 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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TUPTS096 Fluid Models of Inductively Coupled Plasma Sources for Negative Hydrogen Ion Sources electron, ion-source, simulation, neutron 2147
 
  • S.A. Veitzer, P. Stoltz
    Tech-X, Boulder, Colorado, USA
  
  Funding: This work was performed under the auspices of the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences Award #DE-SC0009585.
Negative hydrogen ion sources are widely used to produce neutron beams via spallation both for neutron science in its own right, and as neutron sources for fusion devices. Numerical modeling is a useful tool for trying to optimize negative hydrogen ion sources. However there are significant numerical and computational challenges that have to be overcome, including code performance and resolution of separation of time scales between ion and electron motions. One method is to utilize fluid models to simulate inductively coupled ion sources (ICPs). We have been developing algorithms to simulate negative hydrogen production in high-power, external-antenna ICP sources. We present simulation results using the USim*,** framework to model plasma chemistry that produces negative hydrogen, and model the effects of electron temperature on overall production rates. The numerical plasma chemistry models include processes of ionization, dissociation, recombination, as well as reactive dissociation of vibrationally resolved states and de-excitation of atomic hydrogen. We benchmark our plasma chemistry model results using plasma parameters relevant to experiments being carried out at the D-Pace Ion Source Test Facility. We have also been developing fluid-based drift/diffusion models for multi-component plasmas, such as those in negative hydrogen sources. These simulation results demonstrate enhancement of the effective diffusion rates in plasmas that contain both electrons and negative ions.
* J. Loverich and A. Hakim, J. Fusion Sci., 29(6), 2010.
** J. Loverich et al., AIAA, Vol. 4012, 2011.
 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-TUPTS096  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 21 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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TUPTS099 Predicting the Performances of Coherent Electron Cooling with Plasma Cascade Amplifier electron, kicker, space-charge, collider 2150
 
  • G. Wang, V. Litvinenko, J. Ma
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
  • V. Litvinenko
    Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Recently, we proposed a new type of instability, Plasma Cascade Instability (PCI), to be used as the amplification mechanism of a Coherent Electron Cooling (CeC) system, which we call Plasma Cascade Amplifier (PCA). In this work, we present our analytical estimate of the cooling force as expected from a PCA- based CeC system and compare it with the simulation results. As examples, we apply our analysis to a few possible CeC systems and investigate the evolution of the circulating ion beams in the presence of cooling. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-TUPTS099  
About • paper received ※ 15 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 23 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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WEXPLS1 High Performance ECR Sources for Next-Generation Nuclear Science Facilities ECR, ion-source, ECRIS, electron 2224
 
  • D. Leitner
    LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
  
  Modern heavy-ion accelerators require intense heavy-ion beams with high charge state. Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) sources are the primary tool for generating such beams. Advances in magnet technology and an improved understanding of the ECR ion source plasma physics have led to significant improvements in ECR source performance over the last several decades. The current state of the art is represented by third-generation sources operating at frequencies around 28 GHz and peak coil fields of about 7 T using NbTi conductor. Fourth-generation ECR ion sources with an operating frequency above 40 GHz have the potential to quadruple the source output beam current. These sources will need to incorporate advanced conductor technologies and/or novel coil configurations in order to exceed the limitations of the present structures. This talk will present worldwide efforts currently underway to develop high-performance ECR sources using new design approaches in support of next-generation nuclear physics facilities.  
slides icon Slides WEXPLS1 [8.012 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-WEXPLS1  
About • paper received ※ 16 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 22 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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WEZPLS2 High Transformer Ratio Plasma Wakefield Acceleration Driven by Photocathode Laser Shaped Electron Bunches wakefield, laser, acceleration, experiment 2286
 
  • G. Loisch
    DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany
  
  Beam driven wakefield acceleration (PWFA) schemes in plasmas are among the most promising candidates for novel, compact accelerators. Several aspects of PWFA are under investigation at the Photoinjector Test facility at DESY in Zeuthen (PITZ). One of the main characteristics of these accelerators is the ratio between field strength usable for acceleration and decelerating field strength in the driver bunch, the so called transformer ratio. To reach high transformer ratios usually shaped bunches, e.g. with ramped current profiles are employed as drivers. The so-called self-modulation instability, which causes transverse modulation of a bunch longer than the plasma wavelength, is proposed as a means of supplying short driver bunches for proton-driven PWFA. This talk will give an overview on experimental results in these two aspects of PWFA at PITZ with a focus on the production of electron bunches enabling high transformer ratio acceleration by shaping the photocathode laser pulses of a photoinjector and the demonstration of high transformer ratio PWFA. Simulations and further developments on the shaping techniques, allowing highly flexible electron bunches for future plasma wakefield accelerators are also presented.  
slides icon Slides WEZPLS2 [5.172 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-WEZPLS2  
About • paper received ※ 21 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 29 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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WEZZPLS2 EuPRAXIA, a Step Toward a Plasma-Wakefield Based Accelerator With High Beam Quality laser, injection, acceleration, emittance 2291
 
  • P.A.P. Nghiem, A. Chancé
    CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
  • D. Alesini, E. Chiadroni, M. Croia, A. Del Dotto, M. Ferrario, A. Giribono, R. Pompili, S. Romeo, V. Shpakov, A. Stella, C. Vaccarezza
    INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy
  • A. Aschikhin, R.W. Aßmann, U. Dorda, A. Ferran Pousa, V. Libov, B. Marchetti, A. Martinez de la Ossa, D. Marx, P. Niknejadi, L. Schaper, E.N. Svystun, P.A. Walker, M.K. Weikum, J. Zhu
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  • T. Audet, B. Cros, P. Lee, G. Maynard
    CNRS LPGP Univ Paris Sud, Orsay, France
  • A. Beck, F. Massimo, A. Specka
    LLR, Palaiseau, France
  • M. Chen, S.M. Weng
    Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
  • A. Cianchi
    Università di Roma II Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
  • J.A. Clarke
    STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  • M.-E. Couprie, A. Ghaith, D. Oumbarek Espinos
    SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
  • G. Dattoli, F. Nguyen
    ENEA C.R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma), Italy
  • N. Delerue
    LAL, Orsay, France
  • R.A. Fonseca, L.O. Silva
    Instituto Superior Tecnico, Lisbon, Portugal
  • L.A. Gizzi, G. Toci, P. Tomassini
    INO-CNR, Pisa, Italy
  • A. Helm
    IST-UTL, Lisbon, Portugal
  • B. Hidding
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  • S.M. Hooker, R. Walczak
    Oxford University, Physics Department, Oxford, Oxon, United Kingdom
  • M.G. Ibison, M. Vujanovic, C.P. Welsch, J. Wolfenden
    The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  • D.A. Jaroszynski, F.Y. Li, Z.M. Sheng, S.M. Wiggins, S. Yoffe
    USTRAT/SUPA, Glasgow, United Kingdom
  • K.O. Kruchinin, A.Y. Molodozhentsev
    ELI-BEAMS, Prague, Czech Republic
  • L. Labate
    CNR/IPP, Pisa, Italy
  • X. Li
    DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany
  • F. Mathieu
    LULI, Palaiseau, France
  • Z. Mazzotta
    Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
  • T.J. Mehrling
    LBNL, Berkeley, USA
  • A. Mosnier, C. Simon
    CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
  • A. Mostacci
    Rome University La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
  • Z. Najmudin
    Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
  • R. Pattathil, D. Symes
    STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
  • A.R. Rossi
    INFN-Milano, Milano, Italy
  • T. Silva, J.M. Vieira
    IPFN, Lisbon, Portugal
  • M.J.V. Streeter
    JAI, London, United Kingdom
  • D. Terzani
    UniNa, Napoli, Italy
  
  Funding: European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 653782
The EuPRAXIA project aims at designing the world’s first accelerator based on plasma-wakefield advanced technique, which can deliver a 5 GeV electron beam with simultaneously high charge, low emittance and low energy spread to user’s communities. Such challenging objectives can only have a chance to be achieved when particular efforts are dedicated to identify the subsequent issues and to find the way to solve them. Many injection/acceleration schemes and techniques have been explored by means of thorough simulations in more than ten European institutes to sort out the most appropriate ones. The specific issues of high charge, high beam quality and beam extraction then transfer to the user’s applications, have been tackled with many innovative approaches*. This article highlights the different advanced methods that have been employed by the EuPRAXIA collaboration and the preliminary results obtained. The needs in terms of laser and plasma parameters for such an accelerator are also summarized.
*- in 2017: Phys. Plasmas, 24,10,103120; Nat. Commun.8,15705; - in 2018: NIMA, 909,84-89; NIMA, 909,49-53; Phys. Rev.Acc. Beams, 21,111301; NIMA, 909,54-57; Phys. Rev.Acc. Beams, 21,052802; NIMA, 909,282-285 		 
slides icon Slides WEZZPLS2 [5.157 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-WEZZPLS2  
About • paper received ※ 12 April 2019       paper accepted ※ 17 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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WEPMP029 Systematic Optics Studies for the Commissioning of the AWAKE Beamline electron, optics, experiment, quadrupole 2383
 
  • C. Bracco, B. Goddard, I. Gorgisyan, M. Turner, F.M. Velotti, L. Verra
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • M. Aiba
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
  
  The commissioning of the AWAKE electron beam line was successfully completed in 2018. Despite a modest length of about 15 m, this low-energy line is quite complex and several iterations were needed before finding satisfactory agreement between the model and the measurements. The work allowed to precisely predict the size and positioning of the electron beam at the merging point with the protons inside the plasma cell, where no direct measurement is possible. All the key aspects and corrections which had to be included in the model, precautions and systematic checks to apply for the correct setup of the line are presented. The sensitivity of the ~18 MeV electron beam to various perturbations, like different initial optics parameters and beam conditions, energy jitter and drifts, earth’s magnetic field etc., is described.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-WEPMP029  
About • paper received ※ 10 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 22 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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WEPGW060 Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Design of Terahertz Single-Pulse Picking based on Plasma Mirror laser, electron, target, FEL 2613
 
  • S.Y. Zhao, M. Li, P. Li, J. Wang, D. Wu, X. Yang
    CAEP/IAE, Mianyang, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
  
  Funding: Work supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China with grant (11505173, 11505174, 11575264, and 11605190)
China Academy of Engineering Physics terahertz free electron laser (CTFEL) facility needs a terahertz switch for picking of single-pulse, which can facilitate the experiments that require high peak power but low average power. At present, many researches mainly focus on resonant tunneling effects, tunable metamaterials such as graphene and vanadium dioxide, nonlinear modulation based on the principle of all-optical switching, etc. However, the frequency range of these terahertz switches is generally not applicable to CTFEL(1.87-2.3THz). In this paper, self-induced plasma switching technology is applied to CTFEL. Single-pulse is reflected by a dense plasma in a Ge, Al or fused quartz slab that is photoexcited by laser system. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation demonstrate the feasibility of the experiment. In addition, schematic layout of the experiment setup and specifications of the major instruments are given. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-WEPGW060  
About • paper received ※ 14 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 20 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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WEPGW089 Calibration of the AWAKE Electron Spectrometer with Electrons Derived from a Partially Stripped Ion Beam electron, proton, quadrupole, experiment 2694
 
  • D.A. Cooke, M. Cascella, J. Chappell, S. Jolly, F. Keeble, M. Wing
    UCL, London, United Kingdom
  • R. Alemany-Fernández, J. Bauche, I. Gorgisyan, E. Gschwendtner, V. Kain, M.W. Krasny, S. Mazzoni, A.V. Petrenko
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  • P. La Penna, M. Quattri
    ESO, Garching bei Muenchen, Germany
  
  The energy distribution of electrons accelerated in the wake of a self-modulated proton beam is measured using a magnetic spectrometer at AWAKE. The spectrometer was commissioned in 2017 and ran successfully throughout 2018. Imaging properties of the spectrometer system are studied via a combination of simulations and linear optics models and validated using mono-energetic electrons stripped from the partially stripped ion beam in the AWAKE beamline at CERN. These and other details of the calibration and performance will be presented.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-WEPGW089  
About • paper received ※ 14 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 20 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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WEPGW115 Radiation Robust RF Gas Beam Detector R&D for Intensity Frontier Experiments detector, cavity, GUI, electron 2770
 
  • K. Yonehara, A. Moretti
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  • M.A. Cummings, R.P. Johnson, G.M. Kazakevich
    Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA
  
  A novel radiation robust RF gas beam detector has been demonstrated by using the Main Injector beam at Fermilab. The detector demonstrated a stable signal gain, fast response time, and high radiation resistivity with intense proton beams. The plasma process in the detector is studied to validate the plasma physics model. The result suggests that the detector is applicable for Long Baseline Neutrino Facility at Fermilab. To prepare for the LBNF, a proto type detector will be made and applied for the Neutrino at Main Injector target system. Progress of the project will be given in the presentation.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-WEPGW115  
About • paper received ※ 15 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 21 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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WEPRB095 Microbunching Plasma-Cascade Instability simulation, electron, bunching, focusing 3035
 
  • V. Litvinenko
    Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
  • T. Hayes, Y.C. Jing, D. Kayran, J. Ma, T.A. Miller, G. Narayan, I. Pinayev, F. Severino, G. Wang
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
  • I. Petrushina
    SUNY SB, Stony Brook, New York, USA
  • K. Shih
    SBU, Stony Brook, New York, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy and NSF Grant No. PHY-141525
We present a new type of longitudinal microbunching instability entitled ’Plasma-Cascade Instability’. This instability could occur in beams propagating along a straight section with external focusing elements. We present a theoretical description of this instability as well as self-consistent 3D simulations. Finally, we present results of experimental observation of Plasma-Cascade Instability at frequencies up to 10 THz using SRF linear accelerator built for Coherent electron Cooling experiment *.
* Commissioning of FEL-based Coherent electron Cooling system, V.N. Litvinenko et al., In proc. of 38th Int. Free Electron Laser Conf.(FEL’17), Santa Fe, NM, USA, August 20-25, 2017, p. 132 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-WEPRB095  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 23 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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WEPTS014 Coherent vs Incoherent Effects and Debye Length space-charge, focusing, lattice, vacuum 3116
 
  • G. Franchetti
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
  
  In this proceeding it is discussed the effect of coherent vs. incoherent effect and discussing the validity of frozen models of space charge according to the Debye length and beam radius. This in view of discussing the relation of IBS and space charge  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-WEPTS014  
About • paper received ※ 15 April 2019       paper accepted ※ 28 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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WEPTS018 Experimental Observation of Low-Order Collective Oscillation Modes in a Strong-Focusing Lattice quadrupole, resonance, dipole, experiment 3130
 
  • K. Ito, H. Higaki, H. Okamoto
    HU/AdSM, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
  • T. Kurauchi
    Hiroshima University, Faculty of Science, Higashi-Hirosima, Japan
  
  In a conventional linear Paul trap (LPT), four electrode rods are placed symmetrically around the trap axis to generate a radio-frequency quadrupole field for transverse ion confinement. The periodic nature of the external focusing potential can give rise to serious ion losses under a specific condition. The loss mechanism is essentially the same as the coherent betatron resonance well-known in intense beam dynamics[*,**]. In fact, the collective motion of an ion plasma in the LPT is shown equivalent to that of a charged-particle beam traveling through an alternating-gradient focusing lattice. In the present study, we perform the direct measurement of low-order coherent oscillation modes in the LPT by detecting image currents induced on the electrodes’ surfaces. The four-rod structure of the LPT allows us to pick up feeble signals of the dipole and quadrupole oscillations of a plasma bunch. These signals are Fourier analyzed to evaluate the coherent oscillation tune at different initial ion densities. The time evolution of the coherent motion is also discussed in this paper.
* K. Moriya et al., Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams Vol.19, 114201 (2016).
** K. Ito et al., Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams Vol. 20, 064201 (2017). 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-WEPTS018  
About • paper received ※ 26 April 2019       paper accepted ※ 21 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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WEPTS019 Accumulating Laser-Coolable Ions in a Linear Paul Trap for Ultrahigh-Density Beam Dynamics Experiment experiment, laser, accumulation, quadrupole 3134
 
  • K. Ito, H. Higaki, T. Masuda, H. Okamoto
    HU/AdSM, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
  
  An ion plasma confined in a linear Paul trap (LPT) exhibits the dynamic behavior physically equivalent to that of a charged-particle beam in an alternating-gradient transport channel. The Simulator of Particle Orbit Dynamics (S-POD) is a compact apparatus designed on the basis of this fact for diverse beam-physics experiments. We have so far employed Ar+ ions that can readily be produced from neutral Ar gas atoms through the electron bombardment process. A space-charge-induced tune shift of up to about 20% of the bare tune can be achieved in Ar+ plasmas [*]. We are now preparing for future S-POD experiment to explore even higher beam-density regions. For this purpose, a large number of Ca+ ions need to be stored in the LPT. Since S-POD is equipped with a powerful laser cooler for Ca+, the use of this ion species vastly expands the density range we can survey. The production of an intense bunch of Ca+ ions is, however, not so easy because of some technical reasons. By optimizing the operating condition of a multi-sectioned LPT, we succeeded in increasing the number of accumulated Ca+ ions to the level comparable to Ar+ ion plasmas. This paper reports on updated results of the experiment.
* K. Ito et al., Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams Vol. 20, 064201 (2017).
 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-WEPTS019  
About • paper received ※ 26 April 2019       paper accepted ※ 22 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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WEPTS025 MiniScatter, a Simple Geant4 Wrapper target, simulation, detector, interface 3152
 
  • K.N. Sjobak, H. Holmestad
    University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
  
  Funding: Research Council of Norway, project 255196
In order to estimate what happens to particle beams when they hit windows, gas, and various other targets, a simple tool has been developed based on Geant4. This tool wraps geometry setup, primary beam generation from Twiss parameters, visualization, and automatic analysis and plots in a simple-to-use command-line tool. Furthermore, a Jupyter-friendly Python interface for running simulations and parallelized parameter scans is included. The code, its interface, and a few selected examples will be presented. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-WEPTS025  
About • paper received ※ 14 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 22 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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WEPTS079 Analysis of Particle Noise in a Gridless Spectral Poisson Solver for Symplectic Multiparticle Tracking space-charge, focusing, emittance, simulation 3304
 
  • C.E. Mitchell, J. Qiang
    LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
  
  Funding: This work was was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
Gridless symplectic methods for self-consistent modeling of space charge in intense beams possess several advantages over traditional momentum-conserving particle-in-cell methods, including the absence of numerical grid heating and the presence of an underlying multi-particle Hamiltonian. Despite these advantages, there remains evidence of irreversible emittance growth due to numerical particle noise. For a class of such algorithms, a first-principles kinetic model of the numerical particle noise is obtained and applied to gain insight into noise-induced entropy growth and thermal relaxation. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-WEPTS079  
About • paper received ※ 14 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 22 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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WEPTS092 3d Start-to-End Simulations of the Coherent Electron Cooling electron, simulation, FEL, kicker 3329
 
  • J. Ma, V. Litvinenko, G. Wang
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
  • V. Litvinenko
    Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
  
  Coherent electron cooling (CeC) is a novel technique for rapidly cooling high-energy, high-intensity hadron beam. Two designs of coherent electron cooler, with a free electron laser (FEL) amplifier and a plasma-cascade micro-bunching amplifier, are cost effective and don’t require separation of hadrons and electrons. These schemes are used for the demonstration experiment in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). SPACE, a parallel, relativistic 3D electromagnetic Particle-in-Cell (PIC) code, has been used for simulation studies of these two coherent electron cooler systems.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-WEPTS092  
About • paper received ※ 15 April 2019       paper accepted ※ 22 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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WEPTS106 Accelerator Optimization using Big Data Science Techniques experiment, radiation, electron, proton 3370
 
  • C.P. Welsch
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  • C.P. Welsch
    The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  
  Funding: This project has received funding from STFC under grant reference ST/P006752/1.
Managing, analyzing and interpreting large, complex datasets and high rates of data flow is a growing challenge for many areas of science and industry. At particle accelerators and light sources, this data flow occurs both, in the experiments as well as the machine itself. The Liverpool Big Data Science Center for Doctoral Training (LIV. DAT) was established in 2017 to tackle the challenges in Monte Carlo modelling, high performance computing, machine learning and data analysis across particle, nuclear and astrophysics, as well as accelerator science. LIV. DAT is currently training 24 PHD students, making it one of the largest initiatives of this type in the world. This contribution presents research results obtained to date in projects that focus on the application of big data techniques within accelerator R&D. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-WEPTS106  
About • paper received ※ 13 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 23 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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THPMP006 Study on the Theta Pinch Plasmas for Applied as Ion Stripper electron, experiment, target, heavy-ion 3456
 
  • K. Cistakov, Ph. Christ, M. Fröhlich, M. Iberler, J. Jacoby, L. Manganelli, G. Xu
    IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
  • R. Gavrilin, A. Khurchiev, S.M. Savin
    ITEP, Moscow, Russia
  
  Funding: Work supported by BMBF contr. No. 05P18RFRB1
With regard to the development of new accelerator technologies for high-intensity ion beams and more efficient acceleration, the transfer of radiation ions to higher charged states is a prerequisite for many experiments. However, the recent stripping technologies such as film and gas stripper for heavy ion beams with the desired intensities required great effort or are not suitable. The contribution presents the current state of plasma strippers with fully ionized hydrogen with simultaneously high particle densities in the range of some 1017 cm-3 for FAIR. To achieve this high particle density, an inductive discharge plasma is ignited within a stripper cell parallel to the axis of the ion beam and compressed towards the beam axis. The advantage over conventional ion strippers is about 1000 times smaller recombination rate for electrons*. This significantly increases the equilibrium charge state of ions. At the same time, the relative fraction of ions on the maximum of charge state distribution increases up to 25%**. This should create good conditions for the use of plasma strippers at FAIR.
*Th.Peter, "Energy loss of heavy ions in dense plasma"
**O.Haas, "Simulation Studies of plasma-based charge strippers",Proceedings of IPAC 2015, Richmond, VA, USA 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPMP006  
About • paper received ※ 15 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 20 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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THPGW002 A Passive Plasma Beam Dump Study with Application to EuPRAXIA wakefield, simulation, electron, laser 3581
 
  • R.P. Nunes
    UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
  • A. Bonatto
    University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
  • G.X. Xia
    UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
  
  Funding: The author R. P. Nunes acknowledges the financial support provided by FAPERGS.
This work presents a study about a passive dumping scheme applied to the beam generated by the accelerator stage of the EuPraxia experiment. Particle-in-cell simulations have been carried out and its results are compared with analytical estimates, showing a reasonable agreement. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPGW002  
About • paper received ※ 05 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 22 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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THPGW003 Energy Loss of an Electron Beam with Gaussian Density Profile Propagating in a Passive Plasma Beam Dump wakefield, electron, simulation, laser 3584
 
  • A. Bonatto
    University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
  • R.P. Nunes
    UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
  • G.X. Xia
    UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
  
  Funding: CNPq, and FAPERGS, from Brazil.
A semi-analytical 1D model is derived for the total energy loss of an electron beam with Gaussian density profile undergoing a passive plasma beam dump. The model is compared to a previous one, obtained for a half-sine longitudinal density profile. It is shown that both models agree if the beam density profiles are properly matched, and if their sizes are small in comparison to the length of wakefield decelerating length. The beam energy obtained from both models is compared to 1D PIC simulation results. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPGW003  
About • paper received ※ 09 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 23 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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THPGW006 Avoiding Emittance Degradation When Transferring the Beam From and to a Plasma-Wakefield Stage emittance, acceleration, focusing, quadrupole 3594
 
  • A. Chancé, P.A.P. Nghiem
    CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
  • X. Li
    DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany
  
  Funding: European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 653782.
The plasma-wakefield acceleration technique is known to provide a very strong accelerating gradient (GV/m), up to three orders of magnitude higher than the conventional RF acceleration technique. The drawback is a relatively higher energy spread and especially a huge beam divergence at the plasma exit, leading to an irremediable and strong emittance degradation right after its extraction from the plasma for transferring it to an application or another plasma stage. In this article, we determine the criteria to be achieved so as to minimize this emittance growth after pointing out all the parameters involved in its mechanism. Then the plasma down ramp profile is studied in a typical configuration of the EuPRAXIA project at 5 GeV. It turns out that no specific profile is needed. For minimizing emittance growth at beam extraction, it is enough to optimize the ramp length so that the Twiss parameter γ is minimized. Finally the design of an optimal transfer line allows showing that the emittance growth can be contained to less than 10% in realistic conditions when transferring the beam to a free electron laser. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPGW006  
About • paper received ※ 09 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 21 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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THPGW012 Wake-T: A Fast Particle Tracking Code for Plasma-Based Accelerators simulation, emittance, electron, laser 3601
 
  • A. Ferran Pousa, R.W. Aßmann, A. Martinez de la Ossa
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  • A. Ferran Pousa
    University of Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Hamburg, Germany
  
  The design and study of plasma-based accelerators relies typically on costly 3D Particle-In-Cell (PIC) simulations due to the complexity of the laser-plasma and beam-plasma interactions. However, under certain assumptions, more efficient and simple models can be implemented to describe the dynamics of the accelerated beams. Wake-T (Wakefield particle Tracker) is a new code for analytical and numerical particle tracking in plasma-based accelerators which is orders of magnitude faster than conventional PIC codes. This allows for fast parameter scans and is well suited for the initial design and optimization of these novel accelerators.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPGW012  
About • paper received ※ 24 April 2019       paper accepted ※ 21 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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THPGW016 Overview and Prospects of Plasma Wakefield Acceleration Experiments at PITZ electron, wakefield, laser, experiment 3612
 
  • O. Lishilin, Y. Chen, J.D. Good, M. Groß, I.I. Isaev, C. Koschitzki, M. Krasilnikov, G. Loisch, D. Melkumyan, R. Niemczyk, A. Oppelt, H.J. Qian, F. Stephan
    DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany
  • R. Brinkmann, A. Martinez de la Ossa, J. Osterhoff
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  • F.J. Grüner
    Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
  • T.J. Mehrling, C.B. Schroeder
    LBNL, Berkeley, USA
  
  The Photo Injector Test Facility at DESY in Zeuthen (PITZ) carries out studies of beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration (PWFA). The facility possesses a flexible photocathode laser beam shaping system and a variety of diagnostics including a high-resolution dipole spectrometer and an rf deflector which enables the observation of the longitudinal phase space of electron beams after their passage through a plasma. Two plasma sources are available: a gas discharge plasma cell and a photoionized lithium vapor plasma cell. Studies at PITZ include investigations of the self-modulation instability of long electron beams and the high transformer ratio, i.e., the ratio between the maximum accelerating field behind the drive beam and the decelerating field within the beam. This overview includes the experimental results and plans for future experiments.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPGW016  
About • paper received ※ 30 April 2019       paper accepted ※ 19 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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THPGW017 Self-Modulation Instability of Electron Beams in Plasma Channels of Variable Length wakefield, simulation, laser, electron 3616
 
  • O. Lishilin, Y. Chen, J.D. Good, M. Groß, I.I. Isaev, C. Koschitzki, M. Krasilnikov, G. Loisch, A. Oppelt, H.J. Qian, F. Stephan
    DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany
  • R. Brinkmann, A. Martinez de la Ossa, J. Osterhoff
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  • F.J. Grüner
    Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
  • T.J. Mehrling, C.B. Schroeder
    LBNL, Berkeley, USA
  
  The self-modulation instability (SMI) of long (in respect to the plasma wavelength) charged particle beams passing through plasma enables the use of currently existing high energy charged particle beams as drivers for plasma wakefield accelerators. At the Photo Injector Test facility at DESY in Zeuthen (PITZ) the SMI of electron beams is studied *, **. An enhanced experimental setup includes a plasma channel of variable length which allows to investigate in details the development stages of the SMI by measuring the instability growth rate and phase velocity as a function of propagation distance in the plasma. In this contribution we present the experimental setup improvements, first measurement results and supporting beam dynamics simulations.
* M. Gross, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 120, p. 144802, 2018.
** G. Loisch, et al., Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, vol. 61(4), p. 045012, 2019 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPGW017  
About • paper received ※ 11 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 23 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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THPGW019 FLASHforward Findings for the EuPRAXIA Design Study and the Next-Generation of Compact Accelerator Facilities wakefield, focusing, electron, laser 3619
 
  • P. Niknejadi, R.T.P. D’Arcy, J.M. Garland, J. Osterhoff, L. Schaper, B. Schmidt, G.E. Tauscher
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  • M. Ferrario, S. Romeo
    INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy
  • C.A. Lindstrøm
    University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
  • T.J. Mehrling
    LBNL, Berkeley, USA
  
  FLASHForward, the exploratory FLASH beamline for Future-ORiented Wakefield Accelerator Research and Development, is a European pilot test bed facility for accelerating electron beams to GeV-levels in a few centimeters of ionized gas. The main focus is on the advancement of plasma-based particle acceleration technology through investigation of injection schemes, novel concepts and diagnostics, as well as benchmarking theoretical studies and simulations. Since the plasma wakefield will be driven by the optimal high-current-density electron beams extracted from the FLASH L-band Superconducting RF accelerator, FLASHForward has been in a unique position for studying and providing insight for the design study of next-generation light source and high energy physics facilities such as EuPRAXIA*. Summary of these findings and their broader impact is discussed here.
*P. A. Walker, et. al., "Horizon 2020 EuPRAXIA design study," Journal of Physics Conference Series 874(1):012029, July 2017. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPGW019  
About • paper received ※ 15 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 24 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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THPGW022 The Effect of the Transverse Beam Jitter on the Accelerated Electron Beam Quality in a Laser-Driven Plasma Accelerator with External Injection at SINBAD for ATHENAe electron, laser, injection, acceleration 3624
 
  • E.N. Svystun, R.W. Aßmann, U. Dorda, B. Marchetti
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  
  Laser plasma accelerators with external injection of an RF-generated electron beam, providing high accelerating field gradients and increased control over the electron beam injection process, are promising candidates for production electron beams matching the requirements of modern user-applications. The experiments are planned at the SINBAD (Short INnovative Bunches and Accelerators at DESY) facility to test this acceleration technique in the context of the ATHENAe (Accelerator Technology HElmholtz iNfrAstructure) project. In this paper we present numerical studies on the effect of the transverse electron beam jitter on the final quality of a sub-femtosecond, 0.75 pC, 100 MeV electron beam accelerated to 1 GeV energy in the plasma wakefield driven by a 196 TW, 5 J laser pulse.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPGW022  
About • paper received ※ 07 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 22 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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THPGW023 Numerical Studies on Electron Beam Quality Optimization in a Laser-Driven Plasma Accelerator with External Injection at SINBAD for ATHENAe electron, laser, acceleration, injection 3628
 
  • E.N. Svystun, R.W. Aßmann, U. Dorda, B. Marchetti, A. Martinez de la Ossa
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  
  Nowadays the electron beams produced in plasma-based accelerators (PBAs) are of sufficient energy for multi-GeV applications. However, to allow PBAs to be usable for demanding applications such as Free-Electron Lasers, the quality and stability of plasma-accelerated beams have to be improved. We present numerical studies on accelera-tion of an RF-generated electron beam with a charge of 0.8 pC and initial mean energy of 100 MeV to GeV energies by a laser-plasma accelerator. This acceleration scheme is planned to be tested experimentally within the framework of the ATHENAe (Accelerator Technology HElmholtz iNfrAstructure) project at the SINBAD (Short INnovative Bunches and Accelerators at DESY) facility at DESY, Hamburg. Electron beam injection, acceleration and extraction from the plasma are investigated through start-to-end 3D simulations. The effect of the injection phase on the accelerated beam quality is investigated through tolerance studies on the arrival-time jitter between the electron beam and the external laser.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPGW023  
About • paper received ※ 01 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 22 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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THPGW025 Facility Considerations for a European Plasma Accelerator Infrastructure (EuPRAXIA) laser, electron, site, positron 3635
 
  • P.A. Walker, R.W. Aßmann, U. Dorda, B. Marchetti, M.K. Weikum
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  • E. Chiadroni, M. Ferrario
    INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy
  • A. Specka
    LLR, Palaiseau, France
  • R. Walczak
    JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
  
  Funding: This work was supported by the European Union‘s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 653782.
EuPRAXIA (European Plasma Research Accelerator with eXcellence In Applications) is a conceptual design study for a compact European infrastructure with multi-GeV electron beams based on plasma accelerators. The concept foresees two main experimental sites, one at INFN in Frascati and one at DESY in Hamburg. In Frascati, an RF injector based on S-band and X-band technology (electron energy up to 1 GeV) will be constructed and used as a drive beam for beam driven plasma acceleration (PWFA) with final electron beam energies up to 5 GeV. At DESY, the focus will be on laser driven plasma acceleration (LWFA) and an RF injector based on S-band technology (electron energy up to 240 MeV) or alternatively a plasma injector (electron energy up to 150 MeV) can be used before the beam is injected into the plasma accelerator for external LWFA and acceleration up to 5 GeV. A single stage approach based on LWFA with internal injection will also be pursued in a second beamline. User areas at both sites will provide access to FEL pilot experiments, positron generation, compact radiation sources, and test beams for HEP detector development. This contribution discusses facility space considerations for the future plasma accelerator research infrastructure of EuPRAXIA. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPGW025  
About • paper received ※ 13 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 24 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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THPGW026 Status of the Horizon 2020 EuPRAXIA Conceptual Design Study laser, electron, acceleration, site 3638
 
  • M.K. Weikum, A. Aschikhin, R.W. Aßmann, R. Brinkmann, U. Dorda, A. Ferran Pousa, T. Heinemann, F. Jafarinia, A. Knetsch, C. Lechner, W. Leemans, B. Marchetti, A. Martinez de la Ossa, P. Niknejadi, J. Osterhoff, K. Poder, R. Rossmanith, L. Schaper, E.N. Svystun, G.E. Tauscher, P.A. Walker, J. Zhu
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  • T. Akhter, S. De Nicola
    INFN-Napoli, Napoli, Italy
  • D. Alesini, M.P. Anania, F.G. Bisesto, E. Chiadroni, M. Croia, A. Del Dotto, M. Ferrario, F. Filippi, A. Gallo, A. Giribono, R. Pompili, S. Romeo, J. Scifo, C. Vaccarezza, F. Villa
    INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy
  • A.S. Alexandrova, R. Torres, C.P. Welsch, J. Wolfenden
    The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  • A.S. Alexandrova, A. Beaton, J.A. Clarke, A.F. Habib, T. Heinemann, B. Hidding, P. Scherkl, N. Thompson, R. Torres, D. Ullmann, C.P. Welsch, S.M. Wiggins, J. Wolfenden, G.X. Xia
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  • N.E. Andreev, D. Pugacheva
    JIHT RAS, Moscow, Russia
  • N.E. Andreev, D. Pugacheva
    MIPT, Dolgoprudniy, Moscow Region, Russia
  • I.A. Andriyash, M.-E. Couprie, A. Ghaith, D. Oumbarek Espinos
    SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
  • T. Audet, B. Cros, G. Maynard
    CNRS LPGP Univ Paris Sud, Orsay, France
  • A. Bacci, D. Giove, V. Petrillo, A.R. Rossi, L. Serafini
    INFN-Milano, Milano, Italy
  • I.F. Barna, M.A. Pocsai
    Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Budapest, Hungary
  • A. Beaton, A.F. Habib, T. Heinemann, B. Hidding, D.A. Jaroszynski, G.G. Manahan, P. Scherkl, Z.M. Sheng, D. Ullmann, S.M. Wiggins
    USTRAT/SUPA, Glasgow, United Kingdom
  • A. Beck, F. Massimo, A. Specka
    LLR, Palaiseau, France
  • A. Beluze, F. Mathieu, D.N. Papadopoulos
    LULI, Palaiseau, France
  • A. Bernhard, E. Bründermann, A.-S. Müller
    KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
  • S. Bielawski, E. Roussel, C. Szwaj
    PhLAM/CERLA, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
  • F. Brandi, G. Bussolino, L.A. Gizzi, P. Koester, L. Labate, B. Patrizi, G. Toci, P. Tomassini, M. Vannini
    INO-CNR, Pisa, Italy
  • M.H. Bussmann, A. Irman, U. Schramm
    HZDR, Dresden, Germany
  • M. Büscher, A. Lehrach
    FZJ, Jülich, Germany
  • A. Chancé, P.A.P. Nghiem, C. Simon
    CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
  • M. Chen, Z.M. Sheng
    Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
  • A. Cianchi
    Università di Roma II Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
  • A. Cianchi
    INFN-Roma II, Roma, Italy
  • J.A. Clarke, N. Thompson
    STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  • J. Cole, S.M. Hooker, M.J.V. Streeter, R. Walczak
    JAI, London, United Kingdom
  • P.A. Crump, M. Huebner
    FBH, Berlin, Germany
  • G. Dattoli, F. Nguyen
    ENEA C.R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma), Italy
  • N. Delerue, K. Wang
    LAL, Orsay, France
  • J.M. Dias, R.A. Fonseca, J.L. Martins, L.O. Silva, T. Silva, U. Sinha, J.M. Vieira
    IPFN, Lisbon, Portugal
  • R. Fedele, G. Fiore, D. Terzani
    UniNa, Napoli, Italy
  • A. Ferran Pousa, T. Heinemann, V. Libov
    University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
  • M. Galimberti, P.D. Mason, R. Pattathil, D. Symes
    STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
  • L.A. Gizzi, L. Labate
    INFN-Pisa, Pisa, Italy
  • F.J. Grüner, A.R. Maier
    CFEL, Hamburg, Germany
  • F.J. Grüner, O.S. Karger, A.R. Maier
    University of Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Hamburg, Germany
  • C. Haefner, C. Siders
    LLNL, Livermore, California, USA
  • B.J. Holzer
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • S.M. Hooker
    University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
  • T. Hosokai
    ISIR, Osaka, Japan
  • C. Joshi
    UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
  • M. Kaluza
    IOQ, Jena, Germany
  • M. Kaluza
    HIJ, Jena, Germany
  • M. Kando
    JAEA/Kansai, Kyoto, Japan
  • S. Karsch
    LMU, Garching, Germany
  • E. Khazanov, I. Kostyukov
    IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
  • D. Khikhlukha, D. Kocon, G. Korn, K.O. Kruchinin, A.Y. Molodozhentsev, L. Pribyl
    ELI-BEAMS, Prague, Czech Republic
  • O.S. Kononenko, A. Lifschitz
    LOA, Palaiseau, France
  • C. Le Blanc, Z. Mazzotta
    Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
  • X. Li
    DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany
  • V. Litvinenko
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
  • V. Litvinenko
    Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
  • W. Lu
    TUB, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  • O. Lundh
    Lund University, Lund, Sweden
  • V. Malka
    Weizmann Institute of Science, Physics, Rehovot, Israel
  • S.P.D. Mangles, Z. Najmudin, A.A. Sahai
    Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
  • A. Mostacci
    INFN-Roma, Roma, Italy
  • A. Mostacci
    Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
  • C.D. Murphy
    York University, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
  • V. Petrillo
    Universita’ degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
  • M. Rossetti Conti
    Universita’ degli Studi di Milano & INFN, Milano, Italy
  • G. Sarri
    Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
  • C.B. Schroeder
    LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
  • C.-G. Wahlstrom
    Lund Institute of Technology (LTH), Lund University, Lund, Sweden
  • R. Walczak
    Oxford University, Physics Department, Oxford, Oxon, United Kingdom
  • G.X. Xia
    UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
  • M. Yabashi
    RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Japan
  • A. Zigler
    The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Racah Institute of Physics, Jerusalem, Israel
  
  Funding: This work was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No. 653782.
The Horizon 2020 Project EuPRAXIA (European Plasma Research Accelerator with eXcellence In Applications) is producing a conceptual design report for a highly compact and cost-effective European facility with multi-GeV electron beams accelerated using plasmas. EuPRAXIA will be set up as a distributed Open Innovation platform with two construction sites, one with a focus on beam-driven plasma acceleration (PWFA) and another site with a focus on laser-driven plasma acceleration (LWFA). User areas at both sites will provide access to FEL pilot experiments, positron generation and acceleration, compact radiation sources, and test beams for HEP detector development. Support centres in four different countries will complement the pan-European implementation of this infrastructure. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPGW026  
About • paper received ※ 26 April 2019       paper accepted ※ 20 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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THPGW030 Towards the First Beams from the ADIGE Injector for the SPES Project ECR, injection, ion-source, instrumentation 3647
 
  • A. Galatà, L. Bellan, J. Bermudez, G. Bisoffi, D. Bortolato, M. Comunian, A. Conte, M. De Lazzari, P. Francescon, F. Gelain, D. Marcato, M.O. Miglioranza, M.F. Moisio, E. Munaron, S. Pavinato, D. Pedretti, A. Pisent, M. Roetta, C.R. Roncolato, M. Rossignoli, G. Savarese
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
  • V. Andreev
    ITEP, Moscow, Russia
  • J. Angot, D. Bondoux, T. Thuillier
    LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
  • M.A. Bellato
    INFN- Sez. di Padova, Padova, Italy
  
  The ADIGE (Acceleratore Di Ioni a Grande carica Esotici) injector of the SPES (Selective Production of Exotic Species) project is now in an advanced phase of installation. Its main components have been designed following particular needs of the project: first, an Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR)-based Charge Breeder (SPES-CB), to boost the charge states of the radioactive ions produced at SPES and allow their post-acceleration. Then, a stable 1+ source and a complete electrostatic beam line to characterize the SPES-CB. Finally, a unique Medium Resolution Mass Spectrometer (MRMS, R=1/1000), mounted on a high voltage platform downstream the SPES-CB, to clean the radioactive beam from the contaminants induced by the breeding stage. This contribution describes the status of the injector, in particular the installation of the platform housing the MRMS, the access and safety system adopted and the first beams to be extracted from the stable 1+ source.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPGW030  
About • paper received ※ 30 April 2019       paper accepted ※ 21 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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THPGW042 Applications of Compact Laser Plasma Accelerator (CLAPA) Beamline in Peking University proton, laser, radiation, acceleration 3676
 
  • D.Y. Li, J.E. Chen, Y.X. Geng, X.Y. Hu, C.C. Li, Q. Liao, C. Lin, H.Y. Lu, W.J. Ma, M.J. Wu, X.H. Xu, X.Q. Yan, T. Yang, Y.Y. Zhao, J.G. Zhu, K. Zhu
    PKU, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  
  Proton beam with energies less than 10 MeV, <1% energy spread, several to tens of pC charge can be stably produced and transported in Compact LAser Plasma Accelerator (CLAPA) at Peking University. The CLAPA beam line is an object-image point analysing system, which ensures the transmission efficiency and energy selection accuracy for proton beams with initial large divergence angle and energy spread. A spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) is produced with high precision beam control, which is essential for cancer therapy. Other primary application experiments based on laser-accelerated proton beam have also been carried out, such as proton radiograph, stress testing for tungsten, irradiation of semi-conductor sensor to simulate the space irradiation environment and so on.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPGW042  
About • paper received ※ 15 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 21 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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THPGW045 A Simple Way to Introduce an Ajustable Femtosecond Pre-Pulse to Enhance Laser-Driven Proton Acceleration target, laser, proton, acceleration 3686
 
  • P.J. Wang, Z.X. Cao, Y.X. Geng, D.F. Kong, C. Lin, JB. Liu, H.Y. Lu, W.J. Ma, Z.S. Mei, Z.P. Pan, Y.R. Shou, D.H. Wang, S.R. Xu, X.Q. Yan, Y.Y. Zhao
    PKU, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  • G.Y. Gao
    LMU, Garching, Germany
  
  We demonstrate a simple way to introduce a femtosecond pre-pulse with adjustable intensity and delay without using an additional compressor to enhance laser-driven proton acceleration. Targets with different thicknesses were shoot at normal incidence by varying the pre-pulses. Experimental results show that significant enhancement on the proton energy can be achieved when the intensity of pre-pulse is optimized. Density profile of preplasma was obtained by bydrodynamic simulations. PIC simulations reveal that the preplasma generated by a femtosecond pre-pulse can increase the intensity of main pulse.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPGW045  
About • paper received ※ 30 April 2019       paper accepted ※ 19 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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THPGW048 Temporal Characterization of Electron Bunches From Self-Injection and Ionization Injection in a Laser Wakefield Accelerator injection, electron, laser, radiation 3693
 
  • J. Zhang, Y.X. He, J.F. Hua, D.X. Liu, W. Lu, Y. Ma, C.H. Pai, Y.P. Wu
    TUB, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  • Z. Nie, Q. Su
    UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
  
  Plasma based accelerators (PBAs) have a proven capability to generate high energy electron beams with ultrashort duration (~ 10 fs) and high peak current (~ 10 kA), which opens the opportunity for compact free electron lasers. To meet the requirements of such challenging applications, controllable injection is highly needed to produce high-quality and highly stable electron beams. As we know, the beam parameters，including the current profile, strongly depend on the injection process. To explore the underlying physics and optimize beam parameters in PBAs, a temporal characterization is highly required for different injection schemes. Based on coherent transition radiation(CTR) method, the preliminary experiment to measure beam temporal profiles from both self-injection and ionization injection schemes in a single-shot mode has been performed at Tsinghua University. And the simulations using the similar experimental parameters have been performed to interpret the different injection processes, which show some agreement with the experimental results, especially for the features of bunch durations  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPGW048  
About • paper received ※ 15 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 23 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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THPGW050 Electromagnetic Field of a Charge Moving Through a Channel in Magnetized Plasma proton, wakefield, vacuum, electromagnetic-fields 3700
 
  • A.A. Grigoreva, T.Yu. Alekhina, S.N. Galyamin, A.V. Tyukhtin, V.V. Vorobev
    Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
  
  Funding: Work supported by Russian Science Foundation (Grant No. 18-72-10137).
Recent success in beam-driven plasma wakefiled acceleration scheme with two proton bunches propagating through a hollow plasma channel* stimulates the research activity in this area. In this report, we investigate possibilities for additional tuning the structure of the accelerating field by the external magnetic field applied. The structure of surface waves at the channel boundary is of interest, and special attention is paid to the field characteristics that are essential for the wakefield acceleration method (amplitude of the accelerating field, the structure of the deflecting field) and the possibilities of controlling these characteristics by means of the external field.
* Gessner S.J. et al. Proc. IPAC2016. THPPA01. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPGW050  
About • paper received ※ 15 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 23 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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THPGW054 Generation and Delivery of an Ultraviolet Laser Beam for the RF-Photoinjector of the Awake Electron Beam laser, electron, cathode, proton 3709
 
  • V. Fedosseev, F. Batsch, C. Capelli, E. Chevallay, N. Chritin, S. Döbert, T. Feniet, F. Friebel, P. Gander, E. Granados, E. Gschwendtner, J. Hansen, C. Heßler, H. Panuganti, K.A. Szczurek
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  • M. Hüther, M. Martyanov, J.T. Moody, P. Muggli
    MPI-P, München, Germany
  
  In the AWAKE experiment, the electron beam is used to probe the proton-driven wakefield acceleration in a 10 m long rubidium vapor source. Electron bunches are produced using an RF-gun equipped with a Cs2Te photocathode illuminated by an ultraviolet (UV) laser pulse. To generate the UV laser beam a fraction of the infrared (IR) laser beam used for ionization of rubidium is extracted from the laser system, time-compressed to a picosecond scale and frequency tripled using nonlinear crystals. The transport line of the laser beam over the 20 m distance was built using rigid supports for mirrors and air-evacuated tube to prevent any possible beam pointing instabilities due to vibrations and air convection. Construction of the UV beam optical system enables appropriate beam shaping and control of its size and position on the cathode, as well as time delay with respect to the IR pulse, i.e. with respect to the plasma wakefield seeder. In this paper, we present the design of the UV beam line and results of its commissioning regarding IR/UV conversion, beam pointing stability, and means of beam control and monitoring.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPGW054  
About • paper received ※ 14 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 18 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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THPGW059 Laser-Plasma Acceleration Modeling Approach in the Case of ESCULAP Project. electron, laser, acceleration, GPU 3723
 
  • V. Kubytskyi, C. Bruni, K. Cassou, V. Chaumat, N. Delerue, D. Douillet, S. Jenzer, H. Purwar, K. Wang
    LAL, Orsay, France
  • E. Baynar, M. Pittman
    CLUPS, Orsay, France
  • J. Demailly, O. Guilbaud, S. Kazamias, B. Lucas, G. Maynard, O. Neveu, D. Ros
    CNRS LPGP Univ Paris Sud, Orsay, France
  • D. Garzella
    CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
  • R. Prazeres
    CLIO/ELISE/LCP, Orsay, France
  
  Objective of ESCULAP project is the experimental study of Laser-Plasma Acceleration (LPA) of relativistic electron bunch from photo-injector in 10 cm length plasma cell *. In parallel, numerical tools have been developed in order to optimize the setup configuration and the analysis of the expected results. The most important issue when dealing with numerical simulation over such large interaction distances is to obtain a good accuracy at a limited computing cost in order to be able to perform parametric studies. Reduction of the computational cost can be obtained either by using state-of-the-art numerical technics and/or by introducing adapted approximation in the physical model. Concerning LPA, the relevant Maxwell-Vlasov equations can be numerically solved by Particle-In-Cell (PIC) methods without any additional approximation, but can be very computationally expensive. On the other hand, the quasi-static approximation ***, which yields a drastic reduction of the computational cost, appears to be well adapted to the LPA regime. In this paper we present a detailed comparison of the performance, in terms of CPU, of LPA calculations and of the accuracies of their results obtained either with a highly optimized PIC code (FBPIC **) or with the well known quasi-static code WAKE ***. We first show that, when considering a sufficiently low charge bunch for which the beam loading effect can be neglected, the quasi-static approximation is fully validated in the LPA regime. The case of a higher bunch charge, with significant beam loading effects, has also been investigated using an enhanced version of WAKE, named WAKE-EP. Additionally, a cost evaluation, in terms of used energy per calculation, has also been done using the multi-CPU and multi-GPU versions of FBPIC.
* E. Baynard et al, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. A 909, 46 (2018)
** R.Lehe et al., Comp. Phys. Com. 203, 66 (2016)
*** P. Mora & A, Jr Th. Antonsen, Phys. of Plasmas 4, 217 (1997) 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPGW059  
About • paper received ※ 14 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 22 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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THPGW067 Progress Towards a Single-Shot Emittance Measurement Technique at AWAKE emittance, quadrupole, dipole, electron 3742
 
  • J. Chappell, D.A. Cooke, L.C. Deacon, S. Jolly, F. Keeble, M. Wing
    UCL, London, United Kingdom
  
  Externally injected electrons are captured and accelerated in the plasma wake of a self-modulated proton beam at the Advanced Wakefield Experiment (AWAKE) at CERN. The energy distribution of the accelerated electron beam is measured using a dipole spectrometer in combination with a scintillator screen, with two upstream quadrupoles providing energy-dependent focusing. Measuring the vertical beam size variation with horizontal position along the scintillator screen, and therefore energy, results in an effective quadrupole scan permitting single shot vertical geometric emittance measurements. Limitations of the method due to effects such as imperfect beam focusing and finite resolution are explored via simulations using the beam tracking code BDSIM.
james.chappell.17@ucl.ac.uk 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPGW067  
About • paper received ※ 15 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 22 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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THPGW070 Design of the Cockcroft Beamline: Adjustable Transport of Laser Wakefield Electrons to an Undulator undulator, electron, laser, radiation 3749
 
  • K.A. Dewhurst, H.L. Owen
    UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
  • E. Brunetti, D.A. Jaroszynski, S.M. Wiggins
    USTRAT/SUPA, Glasgow, United Kingdom
  • B.D. Muratori
    STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  • M.J. de Loos, S.B. van der Geer
    Pulsar Physics, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
  
  Funding: Work supported by U.K. STFC (Grant No. ST/G008248/1), EuPRAXIA (Grant No. 653782), ECs LASERLAB-EUROPE (Grant No. 654148), U.K. EPSRC (Grant No. EP/J018171/1, EP/J500094/1 and EP/N028694/1).
The Cockcroft Beamline is being designed to transport 1 GeV electrons from a laser wakefield accelerator (LWFA) to an undulator at the Scottish Centre for the Application of Plasma-based Accelerators (SCAPA) in Glasgow, UK. To demonstrate undulator radiation in the X-ray spectral region and potentially free electron laser (FEL) gain, electrons should be transported between the LWFA and the undulators with high fidelity. In this paper we present the design of an adjustable beam line to transport LWFA electrons to the undulator for a range of energies, from 0.5 GeV to 1 GeV, while preserving the electron beam properties and matching the undulator-beam coupling. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPGW070  
About • paper received ※ 15 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 22 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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THPGW072 Seeded Self-Modulation of Transversely Asymmetric Long Proton Beams in Plasma wakefield, proton, focusing, simulation 3757
 
  • T.A. Perera, C.P. Welsch
    The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  • P. Muggli
    MPI-P, München, Germany
  • T.A. Perera, C.P. Welsch
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  
  Funding: This work is supported by Science and Technology Facilities Council grant ST/P006752/1.
The AWAKE experiment at CERN recently demonstrated the world’s first acceleration of electrons in a proton-driven plasma wakefield accelerator*. Such accelerators show great promise for a new generation of linear e-p colliders using ~1-10 GV/m accelerating fields. Effectively driving a wakefield requires 100-fold self-modulation of the 12 cm Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) proton beam using a plasma-driven process which must be care-fully controlled to saturation. Previous works have modelled this process assuming azimuthal symmetry of the transverse spatial and momentum profiles **, ***. In this work, 3D particle-in-cell simulations are used to model the self-modulation of such non-round beams. Implications of such effects for efficiently sustaining resonant wakefields are examined.
* Adli, E., et. al. (2018). Nature, 561(7723), 363-367.
** Lotov, K. V. (2015). Physics of Plasmas, 22(10), 103110.
*** Schroeder, C. B., et. al. (2011). Phys. Rev. Lett., 107(14). 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPGW072  
About • paper received ※ 15 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 23 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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THPGW073 Status on a Laser Injection in Beam Driven Dielectric Wakefield Accelerator Experiment wakefield, experiment, laser, electron 3761
 
  • G. Andonian, T.J. Campese, F.H. O’Shea
    RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, California, USA
  • D.L. Bruhwiler, N.M. Cook
    RadiaSoft LLC, Boulder, Colorado, USA
  • M.E. Conde, D.S. Doran, G. Ha, J.G. Power, J.H. Shao, E.E. Wisniewski
    ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
  • J.B. Rosenzweig
    UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
  • T. Xu
    Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
  
  The generation of high-brightness beams with ultra-low emittance using the plasma photocathode technique has gained significant traction in recent years. The practical execution of a combined plasma wakefield acceleration section and a laser injected typically requires a dual gas medium for precision ionization of low and high ionization thresholds. The concept can be partially simplified in experiment by replacing the plasma wakefield acceleration component with a dielectric wakefield acceleration scheme, sacrificing field gradient but maintaining low emittance beam generation. In this paper, we describe the progress on the design of a hybrid scheme, using laser injection in a gas medium within a dielectric wakefield accelerator structure. The proof-of-concept experiment is planned to take place at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPGW073  
About • paper received ※ 15 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 22 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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THPGW087 Transverse Jitter Tolerance Issues for Beam-Driven Plasma Accelerators emittance, acceleration, FEL, electron 3774
 
  • G.R. White, T.O. Raubenheimer
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by the Department of Energy under Contract Number: DE-AC02-76SF00515.
Transverse jitter tolerances are considered for beam-driven plasma accelerators. A simple model for jitter transfer from the drive to witness beam is developed and concrete examples are studied for: high-brightness witness bunch injectors; high-energy boosters for FEL’s; and future Linear Colliders. Compared with an existing PWFA driver facility ([*,**]), the calculated tolerances are 18X ’ 170X tighter than achievable, even considering any upgrades with existing technology.
* Nature 445 741 Feb 2007, Nature 515, Nov. 2014
** FACET-II Technical Design Report, SLAC-R-1072, "The FLASHForward facility at DESY", NIMA Oct., 2015 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPGW087  
About • paper received ※ 15 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 22 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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THPGW088 Transformer Ratio Measurements from Ramped Beams in the Plasma Blowout Regime using Emittance Exchange wakefield, emittance, experiment, acceleration 3778
 
  • R.J. Roussel, G. Andonian, W.J. Lynn, J.B. Rosenzweig
    UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
  • M.E. Conde, D.S. Doran, G. Ha, J.G. Power, C. Whiteford, E.E. Wisniewski
    ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
  • J. Seok
    UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
  
  Funding: Work is supported by DOE contract DE-SC0017648.
We present initial measurements from a UCLA-Argonne Wakefield Accelerator collaborative plasma wakefield acceleration (PWFA) experiment aimed at demonstrating the dependence of transformer ratio on longitudinal beam shape. The transformer ratio or the ratio between the maximum acceleration of the witness and the maximum deceleration of the drive beam, is key to a mature, beam-based, plasma wakefield accelerator design. Utilizing the unique capabilities of the emittance exchange (EEX) beamline, we may obtain transformer ratios in excess of six in PWFA. We present the experimental beamline design, relevant beam diagnostics and explore preservation of the longitudinal beam profile. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPGW088  
About • paper received ※ 15 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 23 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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THPRB020 A Feedback System to Minimize the Electron Bunch Arrival-Time Jitter Between Femtosecond Laser Pulses and Electron Bunches for Laser-Driven Plasma Wakefield Accelerators laser, electron, feedback, optics 3843
 
  • S. Mattiello, A. Penirschke
    THM, Friedberg, Germany
  • H. Schlarb
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  
  Funding: The work of S. Mattiello is supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) within the Project MAKE-PWA.
In a laser driven plasma based particle accelerator a stable synchronization of the electron bunch and of the plasma wake field in the range of less than 2 fs is necessary in order to optimize the acceleration. For this purpose we are developing a new shot to shot feedback system with a time resolution of less than 1 fs*. We plane to generate stable THz pulses by optical rectification of a fraction of the plasma generating high energy laser pulses in a nonlinear lithium niobate crystal. With these pulses we will energy modulate the electron bunches shot to shot before the plasma to achieve the time resolution. In this contribution we will focus on realization aspects of the shot to shot feedback system and the lithium niobate crystal itself. Here we compare different approximations for the modeling of the generation dynamics (second order or first order calculation) and of the dielectric function (influence of the dispersion relation, of the free carries generated by the pump adsorption and their saturation, depletion of the pump) in order to investigate the importance of a detailed description of the optical properties for the THz generation.
*The feedback system will be tested at the Accelerator R&D facility SINBAD (Short Innovative Bunches and Accelerators at DESY). 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPRB020  
About • paper received ※ 15 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 22 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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THPTS080 Novel Technique Ion Assisted In-Situ Coating of Long, Small Diameter, Accelerator Beam Pipes with Compacted Thick Crystalline Copper Film cathode, lattice, cryogenics, vacuum 4301
 
  • A. Hershcovitch, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, W. Fischer, G.T. McIntyre, S. Verdú-Andrés
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
  • A.X. Custer, M.Y. Erickson, H.J. Poole
    PVI, Oxnard, California, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy
Although great progress was made with in-situ copper coating, by magnetron sputtering, to address the high room temperature resistivity, literature indicates that conventionally deposited thick copper films do not retain the same RF conductivity at cryogenic temperatures, since straightforward deposition tends to result in films with columnar structure and other lattice defects, which cause significant conductivity degradation at cryogenic temperatures. We utilize energetic ions for ion assisted deposition (IAD) to reduce lattice imperfections, for coating. IAD that can in-situ coat long small diameter tubes with compacted crystalline structure thick copper films has been developed. Moreover, development of techniques and devices can resurrect IAD for other applications, which have been impractical and/or not viable economically. Comparison of conductivity at cryogenic temperatures between straight magnetron physical vapor deposition and IAD will be presented. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPTS080  
About • paper received ※ 15 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 22 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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FRYPLM2 Lasers for Novel Accelerators laser, electron, operation, photon 4385
 
  • L.A. Gizzi, P. Koester, L. Labate, G. Toci, M. Vannini
    INO-CNR, Pisa, Italy
  • F. Mathieu
    LULI, Palaiseau, France
  • Z. Mazzotta
    ARCNL, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
  • Z. Mazzotta
    Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
  
  Significant progress has been made over the last decade in optical laser performance including repetition rate, average and peak power, and laser-system footprint making these systems attractive for many applications including novel accelerators. Most novel acceleration schemes require high-power lasers. The talk will present drive laser requirements for current novel accelerator schemes, industry plans to meet these requirements, and the future for high-power lasers.  
slides icon Slides FRYPLM2 [32.406 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-FRYPLM2  
About • paper received ※ 08 April 2019       paper accepted ※ 21 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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