Keyword: ion-source
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MOPGW011 Field-map and Beam Transport Calculations of the Magnetic Separator at ALTO Facility at Orsay dipole, ISOL, experiment, target 86
 
  • L. Perrot, R. Ollier
    IPN, Orsay, France
  
  The Institute of Nuclear Physics at Orsay (IPN-Orsay) has always been a major player in building accelerators for nuclear physics. The ALTO facility is powered by a 50 MeV/10μA linear electron accelerator dedicated to the production of radioactive beams. The production mode is based on the photo-fission process of a thick UCx target heated up to 2000°C and using the ISOL technique. For the ionization of the released fission fragments, three ion source types can be coupled to the target: Febiad ion source, surface ion source, and laser ion source. The facility can deliver the radioactive ions beams to six different experimental set-ups. The mono-charged RIB exiting from the source must be separated using a magnetic dipole in order to select a nucleus before its transmission through electrostatic devices up to the experimental set-ups. This paper is focus on the separator which was build and exploited with success since 40 years. We propose to revisit this dipole with a precise field-map calculation and particles transport simulations. These results will be use as a first brick of the understanding and reliability of the transmission along the RIB lines at the ALTO facility.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPGW011  
About • paper received ※ 19 April 2019       paper accepted ※ 18 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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MOPRB043 Two-Beam Operation in DESIREE pick-up, injection, detector, experiment 659
 
  • A. Källberg, M. Björkhage, M. Blom, H. Cederquist, P. Reinhed, S. Rosén, H.T. Schmidt, A. Simonsson, H. Zettergren
    Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
  
  The current status of DESIREE is described, with special emphasis on the setup for collision experiments with ions in both the two electrostatic rings - negative ions in one ring and positive in the other. By measuring the kinetic energy released in mutual neutralization reactions be-tween the two ions at collision energies close to zero eV in 3D, the population of different reaction channels has been obtained. The different steps necessary to set up the beams to get well controlled experimental properties are described as well as the principles behind our automatic optimization routines, which are extensively used with consistent result.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPRB043  
About • paper received ※ 02 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 23 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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MOPTS042 Hardware Commissioning of the Renovated PIAVE Injector at INFN-LNL rfq, SRF, operation, MMI 949
 
  • G. Bisoffi, L. Bellan, J. Bermudez, E. Bissiato, D. Bortolato, F. Chiurlotto, M. Comunian, T. Contran, A. Facco, E. Fagotti, P. Francescon, A. Friso, A. Galatà, C.S. Gallo, M.G. Giacchini, M. Lollo, D. Martini, M.O. Miglioranza, P. Modanese, M. Montis, E. Munaron, G. Nigrelli, S. Pavinato, M. Pengo, A. Pisent, M. Poggi, L. Pranovi, M. Rossignoli, D. Scarpa
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
  • V. Andreev
    ITEP, Moscow, Russia
  • M.A. Bellato
    INFN- Sez. di Padova, Padova, Italy
  
  During 2018, the PIAVE superconducting linac injector at INFN-LNL, based on superconducting RFQs and two cryomodules with quarter wave resonators, underwent a renovation plan. This operation was strictly related to the one carried out on ALPI [1], which will become a post-accelerator for both stable and exotic beams in a near future. PIAVE Quarter Wave Resonator (QWR) cryomod-ules, in operation since 2006, were moved to ALPI to be used for the acceleration of both stable beams and future exotic beams delivered from the cyclotron target-ion-source station, after appropriate purification, charge breeding and pre-acceleration stages. In order to cope with the removal of the two QWR cryomodules in PIAVE, a newly designed 80 MHz room temperature buncher was designed, built and tested: the buncher is required so as to match the longitudinal phase space between PIAVE su-perconducting RFQs (SRFQ1 and SRFQ2) and ALPI. In the same period, substantial refurbishments on the ECR ion source platform were carried out, in particular on its infrastructure and safety equipment. A problem on an electronic component on SRFQ2, though quickly fixed, delayed beam commissioning of the PIAVE injector, which will start at the end of May 2019.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPTS042  
About • paper received ※ 30 April 2019       paper accepted ※ 20 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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MOPTS060 SESRI 300 MeV Proton and Heavy Ion Accelerator proton, heavy-ion, linac, synchrotron 998
 
  • H.P. Jiang, Q.M. Chen, W. Chen, Z.N. Han, H.F. Hao, J. Liu, J. Zhang, T. Zhang
    Harbin Institute of Technology（HIT）, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
  
  The SESRI (Space Environment Simulation and Research Infrastructure) is the new national research infrastructure under construction at Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT) in China. This infrastructure is specifically built to simulate the space environment on the ground. The SESRI has kinds of accelerators, and the 300MeV proton and heavy ion accelerator is a major radiation source, which will supply 100-300MeV protons and 7-85MeV/u heavy ions for studying the interaction of high energy space particle radiation with material, device, module and life. To meet above requirements, the facility adopts the combination of room temperature ECR (Electron Cyclotron Resonance) ion source, linac injector and synchrotron. The ion source is required to provide all stable nuclide beams from H2+ to Bi. The linac injector supplies 1MeV/u heavy ion beams and 5MeV proton beam by using RFQ (Radio Frequency Quadrupole) and IH-DTL (Interdigital H-mode type Drift Tube Linac) linac structures. The synchrotron accelerates heavy ions up to 85MeV/u and proton beam 300MeV. And the 3rd integer resonance and RF-KO (RF-Knock-Out) method are adopted for slow extraction. The status of 300MeV proton and heavy ion accelerator design and construction works are briefly described below.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPTS060  
About • paper received ※ 22 April 2019       paper accepted ※ 21 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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MOPTS081 Design of the Transferline to the ESS Target and Beam Dump at Reduced Beam Energy target, linac, quadrupole, ECR 1034
 
  • Y.S. Qin, M. Eshraqi, Y. Levinsen, R. Miyamoto
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
  
  The European Spallation Source (ESS) linac transfer-lines to the target and beam dump are designed for the 2 GeV beam energy. The commissioning and operation of the accelerator will start at a reduced energy of 571 MeV with the high beta part of the linac unpowered. The beam power at this energy is still above 1 MW and a proper transport from the last accelerating cavity to the target is essential. Beam dynamics design of the High Energy Beam Transport (HEBT) and Accelerator to Target (A2T) are studied based on this reduced energy in this paper, including phase advance optimization and rematch. Among the factors which are analyzed are the envelope and beam size on the target which are kept close to their values at 2 GeV and losses along the linac and the transfer lines.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPTS081  
About • paper received ※ 10 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 23 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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MOPTS082 Status of ESS Linac Upgrade Studies for ESSnuSB linac, proton, extraction, neutron 1038
 
  • B. Gålnander, M. Eshraqi, C.A. Martins, R. Miyamoto
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
  • M. Collins
    Lund Technical University, Lund, Sweden
  • A. Farricker
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  
  Funding: ESSnuSB has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 777419.
The European Spallation Source (ESS), currently under construction in Lund, Sweden, is the world’s most powerful neutron spallation source, with an average power of 5 MW at 2.0 GeV. In the ESS neutrino Super Beam Project (ESSnuSB) it is proposed to utilise this powerful accelerator as a proton driver for a neutrino beam that will be sent to a large underground Cherenkov detector in Garpenberg, mid-Sweden. In this paper we discuss the required modifications of the ESS linac to reach an additional 5 MW beam power for neutrino production in parallel to the spallation neutron production. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPTS082  
About • paper received ※ 17 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 23 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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MOPTS103 First Results of Beam Commissioning on the ESS Site for the Ion Source and Low Energy Beam Transport LEBT, MMI, solenoid, site 1118
 
  • R. Miyamoto, R.E. Bebb, E.C. Bergman, B. Bertrand, H. Danared, C.S. Derrez, E.M. Donegani, M. Eshraqi, J.F. Esteban Müller, T. Fay, V. Grishin, B. Gålnander, S. Haghtalab, H. Hassanzadegan, A. Jansson, H. Kocevar, E. Laface, Y. Levinsen, M. Mansouri, C.A. Martins, J.P.S. Martins, N. Milas, M. Muñoz, E. Nilsson, D.C. Plostinar, C. Rosati, T.J. Shea, A.G. Sosa, R. Tarkeshian, L. Tchelidze, C.A. Thomas, P.L. van Velze
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
  • I. Bergstrom
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  • L. Celona, L. Neri
    INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
  
  The European Spallation Source (ESS), currently under construction in Lund, Sweden, will be a spallation neutron source driven by a proton linac of an unprecedented 5 MW beam power. Such a high power requires its ion source (IS) to produce proton beam pulses at 14 Hz with a high peak current more than 62.5 mA and a long plateau up to §I{3}{ms}. The IS and the following low energy beam transport (LEBT) section were manufactured and tested with beam to meet ESS requirements at INFN-LNS and delivered to ESS towards the end of 2017. Beam commissioning of these two sections on the ESS site has started in September 2018 and will continue until the end of June 2019. This paper provides an overview on this first beam commissioning period at ESS and also presents results of IS characterization and testing on LEBT functionalities.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPTS103  
About • paper received ※ 20 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 23 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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TUPMP053 Test Results of the Low-Stored-Energy -80 kV Regulator for Ion Sources at LANSCE linac, power-supply, controls, flattop 1369
 
  • J.T. Bradley III, L.N. Merrill, G. Rouleau, W. Roybal, G. Sanchez
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by the U. S. Department of Energy.
The H− ion source at the LANSCE accelerator facility uses an 80 kV accelerating column to produce an H− ion beam. A regulated power supply maintains the source and support equipment racks at -80kV with respect to local ground. As the facility’s H− beam currents have been increased, voltage droop on the regulated -80 kV power supply has become one of the limiting factors on beam current. The previous regulator used a standard 120kV DC HV supply and a high power planar triode in series to regulate the voltage down to 80 kV and to stop the flow of current during an arcdown of the -80 kV accelerating column. In 2018 we devised a method of using a pair of standard, 50 kV capacitor charging supplies to produce the required 80 kV with minimal stored energy and significantly better voltage regulation over the beam pulse. This configuration has been tested on the Ion Source Test Stand and is being considered for installation on the main LANSCE linac. We will present the design, modeling and measured results of the new system as compared with the performance of the previous system. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-TUPMP053  
About • paper received ※ 14 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 21 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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TUPRB045 Stimulated Excitation by Seeding With Cherenkov Radiation in an Optical Cavity radiation, cavity, electron, GUI 1785
 
  • S.M. Jiang, Z.G. He, Q.K. Jia, W.W. Li, L. Wang
    USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
  • D. He
    Anhui Electrical Engineering Professional Technique College, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
  
  Funding: Work supported by National Foundation of Natural Sciences of China (11775216, 11705198, 11675178), and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (WK2310000061).
By seeding with narrow-band Cherenkov radiation from a dielectric loaded waveguide(DLW), stimulated excitation in an optical cavity is presented. The evolution and energy loss of the field oscillating in optical cavity is analysed by the theoretical and numerical calculation. The results show that the high order TM modes of the Cherenkov radiation can be better preserved after a large number of roundtrips in the optical cavity and this scheme offers a potential method of realizing high power Terahertz radiation source in a compact facility. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-TUPRB045  
About • paper received ※ 30 April 2019       paper accepted ※ 18 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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TUPTS001 Improvements in Rf Multi Cusp Negative Ion Source plasma, simulation, coupling, operation 1928
 
  • A.M. George, M.P. Dehnel, S.V. Melanson, D.E. Potkins, T.M. Stewart
    D-Pace, Nelson, British Columbia, Canada
  • N. Broderick
    University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
  • Y. Shimabukuro
    Doshisha University, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto, Japan
  
  D-Pace’s 13.56 MHz Radio Frequency (RF) multi cusp negative ion source uses an Aluminium Nitride (AlN) dielectric window for coupling RF power from an external antenna to the plasma chamber. Ion source operation was limited to low RF power (< 3500 W) due to failures (cracks) occurring on the window during experiments. Such events can cause damages to the vacuum system and plasma chamber. The current work deals with simulations performed on the ion source to study the factors leading to the failure of the window. Based on results from the simulations, a new design was introduced. The improved design yielded positive results in terms of source performance and stability of the AlN window.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-TUPTS001  
About • paper received ※ 15 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 22 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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TUPTS004 Development of a Penning Ion Source Test Stand for Production of Alpha Particles cathode, plasma, cyclotron, electron 1932
 
  • N. Savard
    UBC, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
  • M.P. Dehnel, P.T. Jackle, S.V. Melanson, D.E. Potkins, J.E. Theroux
    D-Pace, Nelson, British Columbia, Canada
  • G.M. Marcoux
    Carleton University, College of Natural Sciences, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
  
  Medical cyclotron manufacturers are seeking less-costly and more compact ion sources than Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources (ECRIS) for alpha particle production, which are currently capable of generating beam currents up to 2 mA at energies of 30 keV for axial injection into these cyclotrons. Penning Ion Sources by comparison are relatively old technologies mostly used for cheap singly-charged ion production. However, these ion sources have been used in the past for high-current multiply-charged state ion production of heavy ions up to a few mA of current, and are much smaller, cheaper, and less complex than ECRISs. Therefore, we are developing a Penning Ion source test stand to produce high-current alpha-particles for medical cyclotrons. This requires designs and simulations of all the primary components of the ion source. This system will be used to fully characterize the output beam current and internal plasma properties as a function of varying gas pressure, ion source geometries, magnetic field strength, arc voltage/current, and material properties. The result will be a source optimized for maximum alpha particle beam currents, to be used as a prototype for a commercial Penning Ion Source.
* J. Bennet. A Review of PIG Sources for Multiply Charged Heavy Ions. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 1972. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-TUPTS004  
About • paper received ※ 13 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 22 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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TUPTS009 Operating the SNS RF H− Ion Source with a 10% Duty Factor plasma, electron, neutron, LEBT 1951
 
  • M.P. Stockli, M.E. Clemmer, S.M. Cousineau, B. Han, T.A. Justice, Y.W. Kang, S.N. Murray, T.R. Pennisi, C. Piller, R.F. Welton
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
  • I.N. Draganic, R.W. Garnett, D. Kleinjan, G. Rouleau
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
  • V.G. Dudnikov
    Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA
  • C. Stinson
    ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
  
  Funding: This work was performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 and at Los Alamos National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396 for the U.S. Department of Energy.
The SNS (Spallation Neutron Source) (radio-frequency) RF-driven, H− ion source injects ~50 mA of H− beam into the SNS accelerator at 60 Hz with a 6% duty factor. It injects up to 7 A·hrs of H− ions during its ~14-week service cycles, which is an unprecedented lifetime for small-emittance, high-current pulsed H− ion sources. The SNS source also features unprecedented low cesium consumption and can be installed and started up in <10 h. Presently, the LANSCE (Los Alamos Neutron Science CEnter) accelerator complex in Los Alamos is fed by a filament-driven, biased converter-type H− source that operates with a high plasma duty factor of 10%. It needs to be replaced every 4 weeks with a ~4 day startup phase. The measured negative beam current of 16-18 mA falls below the desired 21 mA acceptance of LANSCE’s accelerator especially since the beam contains several mA of electrons. LANSCE and SNS are exploring the possibility of using the SNS RF H− source at LANSCE to increase the H− beam current and the ion source lifetime while decreasing the startup time. For this purpose, the SNS H− source has been tested at a 10% duty factor by operating it at 120 Hz with 840 µs plasma pulses generated with ~30 kW of 2 MHz RF power, and extracting ~25 mA around-the-clock for 28 days. This, and additional tests and other considerations are discussed in this paper. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-TUPTS009  
About • paper received ※ 14 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 23 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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TUPTS025 Arc and Convertor Current Transient Studies for Multi-cusp Cesiated Surface Conversion H− Source at Lansce operation, plasma, extraction, electron 1983
 
  • D. Kleinjan
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
  
  The Multi-cusp Cesiated Surface Conversion H− Ion Source at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) has provided beam at ~14 mA, 120 Hz, and 10% D.F. for many years of neutron science research. Recently, random high current transients were discovered in the arc current used to ionize hydrogen in the LANSCE H− ion source, and in the convertor current used to convert protons to H− ions. Most have no effect, but more severe transients can cripple beam output. Hypothesized causes are related to cesiation effects, plasma potential changes, tungsten filament vaporation/sputtering, or from the pulsed power system. A dedicated study was recently done on the LANSCE H− Ion source test stand to determine the cause of these transients. Current understanding indicates that the more severe transients come from a combination of cesiation effects and plasma potential changes. The status of these current transient studies on the LANSCE H− ion source will be discussed.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-TUPTS025  
About • paper received ※ 14 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 23 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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TUPTS038 The Operation Status of CSNS Front End rfq, emittance, LEBT, operation 2024
 
  • Y.W. An, Y.J. Lv, H.F. Ouyang, Y.C. Xiao
    IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  • X. Cao, W. Chen, T. Huang, H. Li, S. Liu, K. Xue
    IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
  
  Funding: Work supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(11875271)
China spallation neutron source (CSNS), as the China’s first 100kW beam power pulsed neutron source, its operation target beam power is now larger than 50kW. During the beam power upgrading process of CSNS to 50kW from 2018 to 2019, many improvements have been made for the front end of CSNS. In this paper, the commissioning and improvement of front end as well as the laboratory construction are introduced. The improvements mainly focus on solving the stability of ion source and the spark of Radio Frequncy quadrupole (RFQ) caused by the pre-chopped beam into RFQ. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-TUPTS038  
About • paper received ※ 08 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 21 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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TUPTS050 Design and Analysis of the Cold Cathode Ion Source for 200 MeV Superconducting Cyclotron cathode, electron, proton, cyclotron 2040
 
  • S.W. Xu
    USTC, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
  • L. Calabretta
    INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
  • G. Chen, M. Xu
    ASIPP, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
  • O. Karamyshev, G.A. Karamysheva, G. Shirkov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  
  SC200 is a superconducting isochronous cyclotron which generates 200 MeV, 400 nA proton beam for particle therapy. The cold-cathode-type Penning ion gauge (PIG) ion source for the internal ion source of SC200 has been selected as an alternative and preliminary designed. In this paper, design of ion source and test bench are demonstrated. Currently, the properties of ion source have been simulated for a variety of electric field distributions and magnetic field strengths. The secondary electron emission in electromagnetic field has been simulated. It provides reference for the optimization design of arc chamber. In addition, the sample of cold-cathode-type ion source has been tested on the test bench and extracted beam intensity has been measured over 200 μA.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-TUPTS050  
About • paper received ※ 30 April 2019       paper accepted ※ 21 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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TUPTS071 H+ and H− Ion Beam Injectors at LANSCE: Beam Production Status and Planned Injector Upgrades plasma, cathode, proton, LEBT 2087
 
  • I.N. Draganic, D. Kleinjan, G. Rouleau
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
  
  The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center operates with two 750 keV Cockcroft-Walton accelerators for simultaneous injection of H+ and H− ion beams into a 800 MeV linear accelerator. The proton ion beam is produced using a duoplasmatron source and the H− ion beam is formed with a cesiated, multi-cusp-field, surface converter ion source. An overview of ion injector status, recent low energy beam transport line optimizations and ion source performance improvements will be presented. To reduce long term operational risks and to improve existing LANSCE beam production for all facility users, new injector upgrades are underway: 1) replacing the H+ CW injector with a Radio-Frequency Quadruple accelerator and 2) increasing H− ion beam brightness and extending source lifetime using the novel SNS RF negative ion source. The status of upgrade projects will be discussed.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-TUPTS071  
About • paper received ※ 14 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 21 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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TUPTS095 Global Model of Multi-Chamber Negative Hydrogen Ion Sources with Updated Hydrogen Plasma Chemistry simulation, plasma, electron, interface 2144
 
  • S.N. Averkin, S.A. Veitzer
    Tech-X, Boulder, Colorado, USA
  
  Funding: This work was performed under the auspices of the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences Award #DE-SC0009585.
Global models of plasma discharges are used to calculate volume averaged number densities and temperatures of plasma components. The wall fluxes are estimated based on heuristic expressions that "patch" together analytic and semi-analytic solutions covering from low-pressure to high-pressure regimes. Due to the nature of the wall fluxes estimation, the global models are limited to single chamber designs. We present the extension of the Global Enhanced Vibrational Kinetic Model (GEVKM) * for the multi-chamber design with the updated hydrogen plasma chemistry **. The extended GEVKM consists of separate global models for macroscopic parameters of all species in each chamber coupled through interface boundary conditions. We compare our model with fluid simulation results for a plasma composition and species temperatures in the negative hydrogen ion source developed at IPP Garching.
* Averkin S.N. et al, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., Vol. 43, N. 6, pp. 1926-1943, 2015.
** Yang W. et al, Phys. Plasmas, 25, 113509, 2018. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-TUPTS095  
About • paper received ※ 21 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 23 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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TUPTS096 Fluid Models of Inductively Coupled Plasma Sources for Negative Hydrogen Ion Sources plasma, electron, simulation, neutron 2147
 
  • S.A. Veitzer, P. Stoltz
    Tech-X, Boulder, Colorado, USA
  
  Funding: This work was performed under the auspices of the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences Award #DE-SC0009585.
Negative hydrogen ion sources are widely used to produce neutron beams via spallation both for neutron science in its own right, and as neutron sources for fusion devices. Numerical modeling is a useful tool for trying to optimize negative hydrogen ion sources. However there are significant numerical and computational challenges that have to be overcome, including code performance and resolution of separation of time scales between ion and electron motions. One method is to utilize fluid models to simulate inductively coupled ion sources (ICPs). We have been developing algorithms to simulate negative hydrogen production in high-power, external-antenna ICP sources. We present simulation results using the USim*,** framework to model plasma chemistry that produces negative hydrogen, and model the effects of electron temperature on overall production rates. The numerical plasma chemistry models include processes of ionization, dissociation, recombination, as well as reactive dissociation of vibrationally resolved states and de-excitation of atomic hydrogen. We benchmark our plasma chemistry model results using plasma parameters relevant to experiments being carried out at the D-Pace Ion Source Test Facility. We have also been developing fluid-based drift/diffusion models for multi-component plasmas, such as those in negative hydrogen sources. These simulation results demonstrate enhancement of the effective diffusion rates in plasmas that contain both electrons and negative ions.
* J. Loverich and A. Hakim, J. Fusion Sci., 29(6), 2010.
** J. Loverich et al., AIAA, Vol. 4012, 2011.
 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-TUPTS096  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 21 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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WEXPLS1 High Performance ECR Sources for Next-Generation Nuclear Science Facilities ECR, plasma, ECRIS, electron 2224
 
  • D. Leitner
    LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
  
  Modern heavy-ion accelerators require intense heavy-ion beams with high charge state. Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) sources are the primary tool for generating such beams. Advances in magnet technology and an improved understanding of the ECR ion source plasma physics have led to significant improvements in ECR source performance over the last several decades. The current state of the art is represented by third-generation sources operating at frequencies around 28 GHz and peak coil fields of about 7 T using NbTi conductor. Fourth-generation ECR ion sources with an operating frequency above 40 GHz have the potential to quadruple the source output beam current. These sources will need to incorporate advanced conductor technologies and/or novel coil configurations in order to exceed the limitations of the present structures. This talk will present worldwide efforts currently underway to develop high-performance ECR sources using new design approaches in support of next-generation nuclear physics facilities.  
slides icon Slides WEXPLS1 [8.012 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-WEXPLS1  
About • paper received ※ 16 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 22 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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WEPMP020 First Beam Transmission Measurements in Ion Source and LEBT at the European Spallation Source LEBT, proton, solenoid, MMI 2353
 
  • E. Laface
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
  
  The Ion Source and the Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) have been installed in the European Spallation Source tunnel, in Lund, Sweden, during the summer 2018. The first proton beam was extracted on September. In this paper we present the first set of measurements of protons transmission in combination with the analysis of the species (H+, H+2, H+3) extracted by the source. We show that our measurements are compatible with a fraction of 80\% of protons transported along the LEBT, as measured at the INFN-LNS, Catania, Italy during the commissioning in 2016-17. [1]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-WEPMP020  
About • paper received ※ 12 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 22 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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WEPGW076 Initial Performance of the Beam Instrumentation for the ESS IS & LEBT LEBT, MMI, emittance, diagnostics 2650
 
  • C.S. Derrez, R.A. Baron, R.E. Bebb, E.C. Bergman, I. Dolenc Kittelmann, E.M. Donegani, T. Fay, T.J. Grandsaert, V. Grishin, S. Haghtalab, H. Hassanzadegan, A. Jansson, H. Kocevar, E. Laface, Ø. Midttun, R. Miyamoto, J. Norin, K.E. Rosengren, T.J. Shea, A.G. Sosa, R. Tarkeshian, L. Tchelidze, C.A. Thomas, P.L. van Velze
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
  
  The European Spallation Source (ESS) is currently under construction in Lund (Sweden), and its 5 MW of average beam power at repetition rate of 14 Hz will make it five times more powerful than other pulsed neutron-scattering facilities. High-energy neutrons will be produced via spallation by 2 GeV protons on a tungsten target. A complete suite of beam diagnostics will enable tuning, monitoring and protection of the proton accelerator during commissioning, studies and operation. As an initial step toward neutron production, the Ion Source (ISrc) and the 75keV Low Energy Beam Transport Line (LEBT) have been installed. For the commissioning and characterization of this first beam-producing system, a subset of the ISrc and LEBT diagnostics suite has been deployed. This includes the following equipment: a Faraday cup, beam current transformers, an Allison Scanner emittance measurement unit, beam-induced fluorescence monitors, and a Doppler-shift spectroscopy system. Beam instrumentation deployment and performance verification, as well as the operational experience during the initial beam commissioning, will be presented.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-WEPGW076  
About • paper received ※ 17 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 20 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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THPMP005 Charge Stripping at High Energy Heavy Ion Linacs heavy-ion, linac, target, acceleration 3452
 
  • W.A. Barth, S. Yaramyshev
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
  • W.A. Barth
    HIM, Mainz, Germany
  • W.A. Barth, T. Kulevoy, S.M. Polozov, S. Yaramyshev
    MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
  • A.S. Fomichev, L.V. Grigorenko
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • T. Kulevoy
    NRC, Moscow, Russia
  
  For heavy-ion accelerator facilities charge stripping is a key Technology: the stripping charge state, its efficiency to produce ions in the required charge state, and the beam quality after stripping substantially determine the entire accelerator performance. Modern heavy ion accelerator facilities such as the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) at GSI provide for high intensity heavy ion beams beyond 200 MeV/u. Heavy ion stripping at a lower energy enables more efficient acceleration up to the final beam energy, compared to acceleration of ions with a low charge state. Due to the high power deposited by the heavy ions in the stripping media and radiation damages if a solid target is used, self-recovering stripper media must be applied. General implementation options for different stripper target media are discussed in this paper, as well as general considerations to optimize the Linac layout through the appropriate choice of stripping medium and stripping energy. The driver Linac for the Dubna Electron-Radioactive Isotope Collider fAcility (DERICA) project, recently initiated by JINR, is foreseen to provide for 100 MeV/u Uranium beam in continuous wave mode. First layout scenarios of a one-step and a two-step DERICA-stripper approach will be also presented.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPMP005  
About • paper received ※ 22 April 2019       paper accepted ※ 21 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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THPMP026 Mobile Accelerator Based on Ironless Pulsed Betatron for Dynamic Objects Radiographing betatron, electron, radiation, target 3500
 
  • V.A. Fomichev, A.A. Chinin, S.G. Kozlov, Yu.P. Kuropatkin, V.I. Nizhegorodtsev, I.N. Romanov, K.V. Savchenko, V.D. Selemir, O.A. Shamro, E.V. Urlin
    RFNC-VNIIEF, Sarov, Nizhniy Novgorod region, Russia
  
  The paper concerns a mobile accelerator based on the ironless pulsed betatron. The accelerator has a possibility to obtain up to three frames in a single pulse and is aimed to radiograph dynamic objects with a large optical thickness. The block diagram of the accelerator, the temporal diagram of its separate systems operation and oscillograms of the betatron output parameters are provided. The testing powering in a single frame mode was carried out in 2018. The capacitance of the storage of the betatron electromagnet pulsed powering system that defines the electron beam energy was equal to 1800 μF. The following test results have been obtained. The thickness of the lead test object examined with X-rays reached 140 mm at 4 m from the tantalum target of the betatron. The full width of the output gamma pulse at half maximum in a single frame mode was equal to 120 ns; the dimension of the radiation source was 6 mm x 3 mm; the dimension of the tantalum target was 6 mm x 6 mm. The application of these accelerators within the radiographic complex* enables the optimization of the hydrodynamic experiments geometry resulting in the increase of the test efficiency.
* Pat. 2548585 C1 RU MPK G03B 42/02. D.I. Zenkov and others. «Mobile radiographic complex and radiation source of betatron type for radiographic complex» (in Russian), 2015. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPMP026  
About • paper received ※ 25 April 2019       paper accepted ※ 21 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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THPMP027 Concept of Radiographic Complex Based on Ironless Pulsed Betatrons for Small-Angle Tomography betatron, radiation, experiment, collimation 3503
 
  • O.A. Shamro, A.A. Chinin, V.A. Fomichev, Yu.P. Kuropatkin, V.I. Nizhegorodtsev, K.V. Savchenko, V.D. Selemir
    RFNC-VNIIEF, Sarov, Nizhniy Novgorod region, Russia
  
  The active research complexes intended for the radiography of dynamic objects with a high optical density are reviewed. The concept of a multi-beam radiographic complex for a small-angle tomography based on ironless pulsed betatrons is proposed*. It is possible to use up to 18 compact facilities in a complex; they are located in three horizontal planes. The test object is placed in the explosion-proof chamber. Each facility consists of two typical units: an accelerator unit, and a unit of the electromagnet pulsed powering system. The output parameters of the facility are the maximum translucent capacity of 200 mm of the lead at 1 m from the betatron target, the resolution of less than 1 mm, the gamma-pulse full width at half maximum of 100 ns in a single frame mode, the gamma-pulse full width at half maximum of 150 ns in a three-frame mode. The complex will be able to obtain up to 54 frames in one hydrodynamic experiment at the operation of each facility in a three-frame mode. The complex is compact. Its diameter with a service area will be 20 m.
* Pat. 2515053 С1 RU МPK G03B 42/02. Yu.P. Kuropatkin, others. «Method of Radiograph. Image Form. of Fast Processes in Inhomogeneity and Radiograph. Complex for its Implementation», 2014. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPMP027  
About • paper received ※ 25 April 2019       paper accepted ※ 18 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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THPMP052 Recent Progress in R&D for Ionetix Ion-12SC Superconducting Cyclotron for Production of Medical Isotopes cyclotron, target, controls, cathode 3568
 
  • X. Wu, G.F. Blosser, G.S. Horner, Z.S. Neville, J.M. Paquette, N.R. Usher, J.J. Vincent
    Ionetix, Lansing, Michigan, USA
  • D.M. Alt
    NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  
  The Ion-12SC is a sub-compact, 12.5 MeV proton su-perconducting isochronous cyclotron for commercial medical isotope production recently developed at Ionetix Corporation [1]. The machine features a patented cold steel and cryogen-free conduction cooling magnet, a low power internal cold-cathode PIG ion source, and an inter-nal liquid target [2]. It was initially designed to produce N-13 ammonia for dose on-demand cardiology applica-tions but can also be used to produce F-18, Ga-68 and other medical isotopes widely used in Positron Emission Tomography (PET). The 1st engineering prototype was completed and commissioned in September 2015, and four additional units have been completed since [3]. The first two units have been installed and operated at the University of Michigan and MIT. R&D efforts in physics and engineering have continued to improve machine performance, stability and reliability. These improve-ments include: 1) Water cooling added to the dummy dee to limit the operating temperature of the ion source to improve lifetime and performance, 2) Magnetic field maps, obtained with a Hall probe based mapper, were used to accurately measure the isochronism and provide information needed to compensate for any unwanted 1st harmonics and 3) Feedback based control methods ap-plied to regulate the beam intensity on target by adjusting the ion source cathode current. The C1 unit installed at the University of Michigan Medical School early this year treated ~100 patients/month with N-13 ammonia. The machines are now capable of routinely producing > 21 doses/day with > 99% availability. The Ionetix manu-facturing facility is capable of producing up to 30 ma-chines per year.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPMP052  
About • paper received ※ 14 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 22 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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THPGW030 Towards the First Beams from the ADIGE Injector for the SPES Project plasma, ECR, injection, instrumentation 3647
 
  • A. Galatà, L. Bellan, J. Bermudez, G. Bisoffi, D. Bortolato, M. Comunian, A. Conte, M. De Lazzari, P. Francescon, F. Gelain, D. Marcato, M.O. Miglioranza, M.F. Moisio, E. Munaron, S. Pavinato, D. Pedretti, A. Pisent, M. Roetta, C.R. Roncolato, M. Rossignoli, G. Savarese
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
  • V. Andreev
    ITEP, Moscow, Russia
  • J. Angot, D. Bondoux, T. Thuillier
    LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
  • M.A. Bellato
    INFN- Sez. di Padova, Padova, Italy
  
  The ADIGE (Acceleratore Di Ioni a Grande carica Esotici) injector of the SPES (Selective Production of Exotic Species) project is now in an advanced phase of installation. Its main components have been designed following particular needs of the project: first, an Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR)-based Charge Breeder (SPES-CB), to boost the charge states of the radioactive ions produced at SPES and allow their post-acceleration. Then, a stable 1+ source and a complete electrostatic beam line to characterize the SPES-CB. Finally, a unique Medium Resolution Mass Spectrometer (MRMS, R=1/1000), mounted on a high voltage platform downstream the SPES-CB, to clean the radioactive beam from the contaminants induced by the breeding stage. This contribution describes the status of the injector, in particular the installation of the platform housing the MRMS, the access and safety system adopted and the first beams to be extracted from the stable 1+ source.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPGW030  
About • paper received ※ 30 April 2019       paper accepted ※ 21 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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THPGW049 Fabrication of On-Line Test Facility of Li-8 Beam at KOMAC target, optics, proton, linac 3697
 
  • J.J. Dang, Y.-S. Cho, H.S. Kim, H.-J. Kwon, P. Lee, Y.G. Song
    Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
  
  Funding: This work has been supported through KOMAC operation fund of KAERI by MSIT and the NRF of Korea grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. NRF-2017M2A2A6A02071070).
A Li-8 beam facility has been developed at KOMAC. A target/ion source (TIS) was fabricated, and heating experiment of a target heater and a surface ion source was conducted at off-line test site. Also, beam optics components were developed. They are utilized in Li-8 beam line that electrostatic steerers to adjust misalignment of the beam, Einzel lens to focus beam and Wien filter to separate Li-8. Furthermore, a high-energy beta-ray telescope detector was developed as a dedicated beta-decay spectrometer for diagnostics of the Li-8 beam. The TIS, the beam optics and the beam diagnostics are installed in a target room (TR104) of the 100-MeV proton linac. An experiment of the proton beam transportation into TR104 and the TIS heating experiment were conducted separately. Finally, the on-line test of TIS has been conducted to generate Li-8 beam and examine the beam optics and the diagnostics. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPGW049  
About • paper received ※ 14 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 23 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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THPRB098 FETS Personnel & Machine Interlock Systems controls, timing, status, radiation 4057
 
  • J.H. Macgregor
    STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
  
  The Front End Test Stand (FETS) [1] is a high energy pulsed proton driver that aims to produce a perfectly chopped 50 Hz, 60 mA, 2 ms H’ beam. FETS consists of a Penning Ion source, Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT), 4 m long bolted construction 324 MHz four vane Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ). The H’ Beam will be perfectly chopped so that bunches of particles can be trapped and accelerated with very low loss into a circular accelerator. To protect personnel from X-ray radiation along with prompt neutrons & gamma radiation, a concrete block-house has been built around the facility and a personnel interlock and search system developed. This paper discusses the mechanical and electrical systems used to ensure personnel safety via the Personnel Protection System (PPS) and machine safety by use of a Programmable Logic Controller, (PLC), used as the Machine Interlock Systems.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPRB098  
About • paper received ※ 09 April 2019       paper accepted ※ 23 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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THPTS020 ESS Magnets at Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste quadrupole, MMI, framework, vacuum 4148
 
  • D. Castronovo, D. Caiazza, A. Fabris, R. Fabris, A. Gubertini, G. Loda
    Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy
  
  Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste Research Center (Elettra) is one the Italian Institutions committed to the realization of the Italian in-kind contributions for the European Spallation Source. One of these consists in the supply of several conventional iron dominated electro-magnets to be installed in the superconducting part of the linac and in the transfer lines. The total number of magnets amounts to 2 dipoles, 139 quadrupoles, of four different families, and 72 correctors, of three different types. This document reports all related magnetic design and optimisations carried out to meet the required specifications and on the status of production and testing.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPTS020  
About • paper received ※ 14 May 2019       paper accepted ※ 21 May 2019       issue date ※ 21 June 2019  
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