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| MOMMU005 |
Stabilization and Positioning of CLIC Quadrupole Magnets with sub-Nanometre Resolution |
quadrupole, controls, feedback, luminosity |
74 |
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- S.M. Janssens, K. Artoos, C.G.R.L. Collette, M. Esposito, P. Fernandez Carmona, M. Guinchard, C. Hauviller, A.M. Kuzmin, R. Leuxe, R. Morón Ballester
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
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Funding: The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Commission under the FP7 Research Infrastructures project EuCARD, grant agreement no.227579
To reach the required luminosity at the CLIC interaction point, about 2000 quadrupoles along each linear collider are needed to obtain a vertical beam size of 1 nm at the interaction point. Active mechanical stabilization is required to limit the vibrations of the magnetic axis to the nanometre level in a frequency range from 1 to 100 Hz. The approach of a stiff actuator support was chosen to isolate from ground motion and technical vibrations acting directly on the quadrupoles. The actuators can also reposition the quadrupoles between beam pulses with nanometre resolution. A first conceptual design of the active stabilization and nano positioning based on the stiff support and seismometers was validated in models and experimentally demonstrated on test benches. Lessons learnt from the test benches and information from integrated luminosity simulations using measured stabilization transfer functions lead to improvements of the actuating support, the sensors used and the system controller. The controller electronics were customized to improve performance and to reduce cost, size and power consumption. The outcome of this R&D is implemented in the design of the first prototype of a stabilized CLIC quadrupole magnet.
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Slides MOMMU005 [1.046 MB]
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Poster MOMMU005 [1.551 MB]
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| MOPKS006 |
Application of Integral-Separated PID Algorithm in Orbit Feedback |
feedback, controls, closed-orbit, storage-ring |
171 |
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- K. Xuan, X. Bao, C. Li, W. Li, G. Liu, J.G. Wang, L. Wang
USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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The algorithm in the feedback system has important influence on the performance of the beam orbit. PID algorithm is widely used in the orbit feedback system; however the deficiency of PID algorithm is big overshooting in strong perturbations. In order to overcome the deficiencies, Integral Separated PID algorithm is developed. When the closed orbit distortion is too large, it cancels integration action until the closed orbit distortions are lower than the threshold value. The implementation of Integral Separated PID algorithm with MATLAB is described in this paper. The simulation results show that this algorithm can improve the control precision.
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Poster MOPKS006 [0.091 MB]
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| MOPMN002 |
Integration of the Moment-Based Beam-Dynamics Simulation Tool V-Code into the S-DALINAC Control System |
recirculation, linac, interface, quadrupole |
235 |
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- S. Franke, W. Ackermann, T. Weiland
TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
- R. Eichhorn, F. Hug, C. Klose, N. Pietralla, M. Platz
TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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Funding: This work is supported by DFG through SFB 634.
Within accelerator control systems fast and accurate beam dynamics simulation programs can advantageously assist the operators to get a more detailed insight into the actual machine status. The V-Code simulation tool implemented at TEMF is a fast tracking code based on the Vlasov equation. Instead of directly solving this partial differential equation the considered particle distribution function is represented by a discrete set of characteristic moments. The accuracy of this approach is adjustable with the help of the considered order of moments and by representing the particle distribution through multiple sets of moments in a multi-ensemble environment. In this contribution an overview of the numerical model is presented together with implemented features for its dedicated integration into the control system of the Superconducting Linear Accelerator S-DALINAC.
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Poster MOPMN002 [0.901 MB]
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| MOPMN018 |
Toolchain for Online Modeling of the LHC |
optics, controls, software, framework |
277 |
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- G.J. Müller, X. Buffat, K. Fuchsberger, M. Giovannozzi, S. Redaelli, F. Schmidt
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
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The control of high intensity beams in a high energy, superconducting machine with complex optics like the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is challenging not only from the design aspect but also for operation. To support the LHC beam commissioning, operation and luminosity production, efforts were recently devoted towards the design and implementation of a software infrastructure aimed to use the computing power of the beam dynamics code MADX-X in the framework of the Java-based LHC control and measurement environment. Alongside interfacing to measurement data as well as to settings of the control system, the best knowledge of machine aperture and optic models is provided. In this paper, we present the status of the toolchain and illustrate how it has been used during commissioning and operation of the LHC. Possible future implementations are also discussed.
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Poster MOPMN018 [0.562 MB]
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| WEMMU010 |
Dependable Design Flow for Protection Systems using Programmable Logic Devices |
hardware, FPGA, controls, software |
706 |
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- M. Kwiatkowski, B. Todd
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
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Programmable Logic Devices (PLD) such as Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) are becoming more prevalent in protection and safety-related electronic systems. When employing such programmable logic devices, extra care and attention needs to be taken. It is important to be confident that the final synthesis result, used to generate the bit-stream to program the device, meets the design requirements. This paper will describe how to maximize confidence using techniques such as Formal Methods, exhaustive Hardware Description Language (HDL) code simulation and hardware testing. An example will be given for one of the critical function of the Safe Machine Parameters (SMP) system, one of the key systems for the protection of the Large Hadrons Collider (LHC) at CERN. The design flow will be presented where the implementation phase is just one small element of the whole process. Techniques and tools presented can be applied for any PLD based system implementation and verification.
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Slides WEMMU010 [1.093 MB]
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Poster WEMMU010 [0.829 MB]
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| WEPKN007 |
A LEGO Paradigm for Virtual Accelerator Concept |
controls, experiment, software, operation |
728 |
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- S.N. Andrianov, A.N. Ivanov, E.A. Podzyvalov
St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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The paper considers basic features of a Virtual Accelerator concept based on LEGO paradigm. This concept involves three types of components: different mathematical models for accelerator design problems, integrated beam simulation packages (i.e. COSY, MAD, OptiM and others), and a special class of virtual feedback instruments similar to real control systems (EPICS). All of these components should interoperate for more complete analysis of control systems and increased fault tolerance. The Virtual Accelerator is an information and computing environment which provides a framework for analysis based on these components that can be combined in different ways. Corresponding distributed computing services establish interaction between mathematical models and low level control system. The general idea of the software implementation is based on the Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) that allows using cloud computing technology and enables remote access to the information and computing resources. The Virtual Accelerator allows a designer to combine powerful instruments for modeling beam dynamics in a friendly to use way including both self-developed and well-known packages. In the scope of this concept the following is also proposed: the control system identification, analysis and result verification, visualization as well as virtual feedback for beam line operation. The architecture of the Virtual Accelerator system itself and results of beam dynamics studies are presented.
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Poster WEPKN007 [0.969 MB]
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| WEPKS016 |
Software for Virtual Accelerator Designing |
distributed, framework, software, EPICS |
816 |
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- N.V. Kulabukhova, A.N. Ivanov, V.V. Korkhov, A. Lazarev
St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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The article discusses appropriate technologies for software implementation of the Virtual Accelerator. The Virtual Accelerator is considered as a set of services and tools enabling transparent execution of computational software for modeling beam dynamics in accelerators on distributed computing resources. Distributed storage and information processing facilities utilized by the Virtual Accelerator make use of the Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) according to a cloud computing paradigm. Control system toolkits (such as EPICS, TANGO), computing modules (including high-performance computing), realization of the GUI with existing frameworks and visualization of the data are discussed in the paper. The presented research consists of software analysis for realization of interaction between all levels of the Virtual Accelerator and some samples of middleware implementation. A set of the servers and clusters at St.-Petersburg State University form the infrastructure of the computing environment for Virtual Accelerator design. Usage of component-oriented technology for realization of Virtual Accelerator levels interaction is proposed. The article concludes with an overview and substantiation of a choice of technologies that will be used for design and implementation of the Virtual Accelerator.
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Poster WEPKS016 [0.559 MB]
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| WEPMN008 |
Function Generation and Regulation Libraries and their Application to the Control of the New Main Power Converter (POPS) at the CERN CPS |
controls, software, real-time, Linux |
886 |
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- Q. King, S.T. Page, H. Thiesen
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
- M. Veenstra
EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria
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Power converter control for the LHC is based on an embedded control computer called a Function Generator/Controller (FGC). Every converter includes an FGC with responsibility for the generation of the reference current as a function of time and the regulation of the circuit current, as well as control of the converter state. With many new converter controls software classes in development it was decided to generalise several key components of the FGC software in the form of C libraries: function generation in libfg, regulation, limits and simulation in libreg and DCCT, ADC and DAC calibration in libcal. These libraries were first used in the software class dedicated to controlling the new 60MW main power converter (POPS) at the CERN CPS where regulation of both magnetic field and circuit current is supported. This paper reports on the functionality provided by each library and in particular libfg and libreg. The libraries are already being used by software classes in development for the next generation FGC for Linac4 converters, as well as the CERN SPS converter controls (MUGEF) and MedAustron converter regulation board (CRB).
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Poster WEPMN008 [3.304 MB]
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| WEPMN011 |
Controlling the EXCALIBUR Detector |
software, detector, controls, hardware |
894 |
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- J.A. Thompson, I. Horswell, J. Marchal, U.K. Pedersen
Diamond, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
- S.R. Burge, J.D. Lipp, T.C. Nicholls
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
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EXCALIBUR is an advanced photon counting detector being designed and built by a collaboration of Diamond Light Source and the Science and Technology Facilities Council. It is based around 48 CERN Medipix III silicon detectors arranged as an 8x6 array. The main problem addressed by the design of the hardware and software is the uninterrupted collection and safe storage of image data at rates up to one hundred (2048x1536) frames per second. This is achieved by splitting the image into six 'stripes' and providing parallel data paths for them all the way from the detectors to the storage. This architecture requires the software to control the configuration of the stripes in a consistent manner and to keep track of the data so that the stripes can be subsequently stitched together into frames.
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Poster WEPMN011 [0.289 MB]
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| WEPMU006 |
Architecture for Interlock Systems: Reliability Analysis with Regard to Safety and Availability |
operation, extraction, superconducting-magnet, detector |
1058 |
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- S. Wagner, A. Apollonio, R. Schmidt, M. Zerlauth
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
- A. Vergara-Fernandez
ITER Organization, St. Paul lez Durance, France
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For accelerators (e.g. LHC) and other large experimental physics facilities (e.g. ITER), the machine protection relies on complex interlock systems. In the design of interlock loops, the choice of the hardware architecture impacts on machine safety and availability. While high machine safety is an inherent requirement, the constraints in terms of availability may differ from one facility to another. For the interlock loops protecting the LHC superconducting magnet circuits, reduced machine availability can be tolerated since shutdowns do not affect the longevity of the equipment. In ITER's case on the other hand, high availability is required since fast shutdowns cause significant magnet aging. A reliability analysis of various interlock loop architectures has been performed. The analysis based on an analytical model compares a 1oo3 (one-out-of-three) and a 2oo3 architecture with a single loop. It yields the probabilities for four scenarios: (1)- completed mission (e.g., a physics fill in LHC or a pulse in ITER without shutdown triggered), (2)- shutdown because of a failure in the interlock loop, (3)- emergency shutdown (e.g., after a quench of a magnet) and (4)- missed emergency shutdown (shutdown required but interlock loop fails, possibly leading to severe damage of the facility). Scenario 4 relates to machine safety and together with scenarios 2 and 3 defines the machine availability reflected by scenario 1. This paper presents the results of the analysis on the properties of the different architectures with regard to machine safety and availability.
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| THCHMUST02 |
Control and Test Software for IRAM Widex Correlator |
real-time, software, Linux, hardware |
1240 |
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- S. Blanchet, D. Broguiere, P. Chavatte, F. Morel, A. Perrigouard, M. Torres
IRAM, Saint Martin d'Heres, France
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IRAM is an international research institute for radio astronomy. It has designed a new correlator called WideX for the Plateau de Bure interferometer (an array of six 15-meter telescopes) in the French Alps. The device started its official service in February 2010. This correlator must be driven in real-time at 32 Hz for sending parameters and for data acquisition. With 3.67 million channels, distributed over 1792 dedicated chips, that produce a 1.87 Gbits/sec data output rate, the data acquisition and processing and also the automatic hardware-failure detection are big challenges for the software. This article presents the software that has been developed to drive and test the correlator. In particular it presents an innovative usage of a high-speed optical link, initially developed for the CERN ALICE experiment, associated with real-time Linux (RTAI) to achieve our goals.
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Slides THCHMUST02 [2.272 MB]
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