HB2016 - List of Keywords (proton)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOAM5P50	LHC Run 2: Results and Challenges	luminosity, operation, ion, electron	14
	R. Bruce, G. Arduini, H. Bartosik, R. De Maria, M. Giovannozzi, G. Iadarola, J.M. Jowett, M. Lamont, A. Lechner, K.S.B. Li, D. Mirarchi, E. Métral, T. Pieloni, S. Redaelli, G. Rumolo, B. Salvant, R. Tomás, J. Wenninger CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The first proton run of the LHC was very successful and resulted in important physics discoveries. It was followed by a two-year shutdown where a large number of improvements were carried out. In 2015, the LHC was restarted and this second run aims at further exploring the physics of the standard model and beyond at an increased beam energy. This article gives a review of the performance achieved so far and the limitations encountered, as well as the future challenges for the CERN accelerators to maximize the data delivered to the LHC experiments in Run 2. Furthermore, the status of the 2016 LHC run and commissioning is discussed.
	Slides MOAM5P50 [9.283 MB]
Export •	reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOAM6P60	Recent Progress of J-PARC MR Beam Commissioning and Operation	injection, resonance, operation, kicker	21
	S. Igarashi KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	The main ring (MR) of the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) has been providing 30-GeV proton beams for elementary particle and nuclear physics experiments since 2009. The beam power of 390 kW has been recently achieved with 2·10¹⁴ protons per pulse and the cycle time of 2.48 s for the neutrino oscillation experiment. Main efforts in the beam tuning are to minimize beam losses and to localize the losses at the collimator section. Recent improvements include the 2nd harmonic rf operation to reduce the space charge effect with a larger bunching factor and corrections of resonances near the operation setting of the betatron tune. Because the beam bunches were longer with the 2nd harmonic rf operation, the injection kicker system was improved to accommodate the long bunches. We plan to achieve the target beam power of 750 kW in 2018 by making the cycle time faster to 1.3 s with new power supplies of main magnets, rf upgrade and improvement of injection and extraction devices. The possibility of the beam power beyond 750 kW is being explored with new settings of the betatron tune.
	Slides MOAM6P60 [9.968 MB]
Export •	reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPM4P01	Challenges and Performance of the C-ADS Injector System	rfq, linac, cavity, operation	36
	Y.L. Chi IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Along with the rapid development of nuclear power plants in China, treatment of the nuclear waste has become a crucial issue. Supported by the "Strategic Priority Research Program" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), The Chinese ADS project is now on-going based on the collaboration of several Chinese institutions. In the end of year 2015, China Initiative ADS (CIADS) program is approved by Chinese government, will construct in the Guangdong province south part of China. The proton accelerator of Chinese ADS is a superconducting CW linear accelerator. Its energy is 1.5GeV, with beam current of 10mA. Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) and Institute of Modern Physics (IMP) are responsible to developing this superconducting CW linear accelerator. In the injector part there are many challenges to developing several different low beta superconducting cavities and related hardware’s such like LLRF system etc. In this paper presents the progress of two different injector development including SC cavities and related hardware’s and performance test of two injectors and key hardware’s, and also brief introduction of CIADS program.
	Slides MOPM4P01 [3.751 MB]
Export •	reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPR004	H⁻ Charge Exchange Injection for XiPAF Synchrotron	injection, emittance, synchrotron, dipole	49
	H.J. Yao, X. Guan, G.R. Li, X.W. Wang, Q.Z. Xing, S.X. Zheng TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	The physics design of the H⁻ charge exchange injection system for Xi’an Proton Application Facility (XiPAF) synchrotron with the missing dipole lattice is discussed. The injection scheme is composed of one septum magnet, three chicane dipoles, two bump magnets and one carbon stripping foil. A 7 μg/cm² carbon foil is chosen for 7 MeV H⁻ beam for high stripping efficiency and low coulomb scattering effect. The simulation results of the horizontal and vertical phase space painting finished by two bumper magnets and mismatching respectively are presented.
Export •	reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPR006	Design of the 230MeV Proton Accelerator for Xi'an Proton Application Facility	synchrotron, extraction, injection, linac	55
	H.J. Yao, H.B. Chen, C. Cheng, C.T. Du, L. Du, T.B. Du, X. Guan, W.-H. Huang, H. Jiang, G.R. Li, C.-X. Tang, R. Tang, D. Wang, W. Wang, X.W. Wang, L. Wu, Q.Z. Xing, Y. Yang, Z. Yang, H.J. Zeng, H.Y. Zhang, Q. Zhang, Q.Z. Zhang, S.X. Zheng TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China W. Chen NINT, Xi'an, People's Republic of China W.Q. Guan, Y. He, J. Li NUCTECH, Beijing, People's Republic of China S.-Y. Lee Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA M.T. Qiu, B.C. Wang, Y.P. Wang, Z.M. Wang, Y.H. Yan, H.Z. Zhang, C. Zhao State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Shannxi, People's Republic of China
	We report a design of the 230 MeV proton accelera-tor, the Xi’an Proton Application Facility (XiPAF), which will be located in Xi’an city, China. The facility will provide proton beam with the maximum energy of 230 MeV for the research of the single event effect. The facility, composed of a 230 MeV synchrotron, a 7 MeV H⁻ linac injector and two experimental stations, will provide a flux of 10⁵~10⁸ p/cm²/s with the uni-formity of better than 90% on the 10 cm×10 cm sample.
Export •	reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPR007	Cold and High Power Test of Large Size Magnetic Alloy Core for XiPAF's Synchrotron	impedance, cavity, experiment, synchrotron	59
	G.R. Li, X. Guan, W.-H. Huang, X.W. Wang, Z. Yang, H.J. Yao, H.J. Zeng, S.X. Zheng TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	A compact magnetic alloy (MA) loaded cavity is under development for XiPAF's synchrotron. The cavity contains 6 large size MA cores, each is independently coupled with solid state power amplifier. Two types of MA core are proposed for the project. We have developed a single core model cavity to verify the impedance model and to test the properties of MA cores under high power state. The high power test results are presented and discussed.
Export •	reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPR009	Transverse Beam Splitting Made Operational: Recent Progress of the Multi-Turn Extraction at the CERN Proton Synchrotron	extraction, simulation, septum, synchrotron	65
	A. Huschauer, J.C.C.M. Borburgh, S. Damjanovic, S.S. Gilardoni, M. Giovannozzi, M. Hourican, K. Kahle, G. Le Godec, O. Michels, G. Sterbini CERN, Geneva, Switzerland C. Hernalsteens IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
	Following a successful commissioning period, the Multi-Turn Extraction (MTE) at the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) has been applied for the fixed-target physics programme at the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) since September 2015. This exceptional extraction technique was proposed to replace the long-serving Continuous Transfer (CT) extraction, which has the drawback of inducing high activation in the ring. MTE exploits the principles of non-linear beam dynamics to perform loss-free beam splitting in the horizontal phase space. Over multiple turns, the resulting beamlets are then transferred to the downstream accelerator. The operational deployment of MTE was rendered possible by the full understanding and mitigation of different hardware limitations and by redesigning the extraction trajectories and non-linear optics, which was required due to the installation of a dummy septum to reduce the activation of the magnetic extraction septum. The results of the related experimental and simulation studies, a summary of the 2015 performance analysis, as well as more recent performance improvements are presented in this paper.
Export •	reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPR012	The New HL-LHC Injection and Transport Protection System	injection, simulation, kicker, brightness	81
	F.M. Velotti, W. Bartmann, C. Bracco, M.A. Fraser, B. Goddard, V. Kain, A. Lechner, M. Meddahi CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) upgrade represents a challenge for the full chain of its injectors. The aim is to provide beams with a brightness a factor of two higher than the present maximum achieved. The 450 GeV beams injected into the LHC are directly provided by the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) via two transfer lines (TL), TI2 and TI8. Such transfer lines are both equipped with a passive protection system to protect the LHC aperture against ultra-fast failures of the extraction and transport systems. In the LHC instead, the injection protection system protects the cold apertures against possible failures of the injection kicker, MKI. Due to the increase of the beam brightness, these passive systems need to be upgraded. In this paper, the foreseen and ongoing modifications of the LHC injection protection system and the TL collimators are presented. Simulations of the protection guaranteed by the new systems in case of failures are described, together with benchmark with measurements for the current systems.
Export •	reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPR016	Mitigation of Numerical Noise for Beam Loss Simulations	simulation, emittance, space-charge, ion	90
	F. Kesting IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany G. Franchetti GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	Numerical noise emerges in self-consistent simulations of charged particles, and its mitigation is investigated since the first numerical studies in plasma physics. In accelerator physics, recent studies find an artificial diffusion of the particle beam due to numerical noise in particle-in-cell tracking, which is of particular importance for high intensity machines with a long storage time, as the SIS100 at FAIR or in context of the LIU upgrade at CERN. In beam loss simulations for these projects artificial effects must be distinguished from physical beam loss. Therefore, it is important to relate artificial diffusion to artificial beam loss, and to choose simulation parameters such that physical beam loss is well resolved. As a practical tool, we therefore suggest a scaling law to find optimal simulation parameters for a given maximum percentage of acceptable artificial beam loss.
Export •	reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPR036	Spin Tracking of Polarized Protons in the Main Injector at Fermilab	polarization, closed-orbit, lattice, resonance	173
	M. Xiao Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA C. Aldred, W. Lorenzon Michigan University, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
	The Main Injector (MI) at Fermilab currently produces high-intensity beams of protons at energies of 120 GeV for a variety of physics experiments. Acceleration of polarized protons in the MI would provide opportunities for a rich spin physics program at Fermilab. To achieve polarized proton beams in the Fermilab accelerator com-plex, shown in Fig.1.1, detailed spin tracking simulations with realistic parameters based on the existing facility are required. This report presents studies at the MI using a single 4-twist Siberian snake to determine the depolariz-ing spin resonances for the relevant synchrotrons. Results will be presented first for a perfect MI lattice, followed by a lattice that includes the real MI imperfections, such as the measured magnet field errors and quadrupole misa-lignments. The tolerances of each of these factors in maintaining polarization in the Main Injector will be discussed.
Export •	reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPL010	ESSnuSB Project to Produce Intense Beams of Neutrinos and Muons	target, linac, detector, injection	207
	E. Bouquerel IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
	Funding: This project is now supported by the COST Action CA15139 "Combining forces for a novel European facility for neutrino-antineutrino symmetry-violation discovery" (EuroNuNet). A new project for the production of a very intense neutrino beam has arisen to enable the discovery of a leptonic CP violation. This facility will use the world’s most intense pulsed spallation neutron source, the European Spallation Source (ESS) under construction in Lund. Its linac is expected to be fully operational at 5 MW power by 2023, using 2 GeV protons. In addition to the neutrinos, the ESSnuSB proposed facility will produce a copious number of muons at the same time. These muons could be used by a future Neutrino Factory to study a possible CP violation in the leptonic sector and neutrino cross-sections. They could also be used by a muon collider or a low energy nuSTORM. The layout of such a facility, consisting in the upgrade of the linac, the use of an accumulator ring, a target/horn system and a megaton Water Cherenkov neutrino detector, is presented. The physics potential is also described.
Export •	reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPL011	Laser Stripping H⁻ Charge Exchange Injection by Femtosecond Lasers	laser, resonance, injection, optics	212
	T.V. Gorlov ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	A new method for H⁻ laser assistant charge exchange injection using femtosecond laser pulses is considered. The existing method uses a divergent laser beam that allows compensation of angular and momentum spread of the stripped beam. The femtosecond laser pulse has a similar property that can compensate the spread and yield efficient laser stripping. Results of simulations with realistic femtosecond laser and H⁻ beam parameters are discussed. The proposed method may have some benefit for particular technical conditions compared with others.
Export •	reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPL021	Fermilab Booster Transition Crossing Simulations and Beam Studies	booster, quadrupole, simulation, space-charge	242
	C.M. Bhat, C.-Y. Tan Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. De-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy The Fermiab Booster accelerates beam from 400 MeV to 8 GeV at 15 Hz. In the PIP (Proton Improvement Plan) era, it is required that Booster deliver 4.2·10¹² protons per pulse to extraction. One of the obstacles for providing quality beam to the users is the longitudinal quadrupole oscillation that the beam suffers from right after transition. Although this oscillation is well taken care of with quadrupole dampers, it is important to understand the source of these oscillation in light of the PIP II requirements that require 6.5·10¹² protons per pulse at extraction. This paper explores the results from computer simulations, machine studies and solutions to prevent the quadrupole oscillation after transition. Author would like to thank S. Chaurize, C. Drennan, W. Pellico, K. Seiya, T. Sullivan and K. Triplett
Export •	reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPM6X01	H⁻ Charge Exchange Injection Issues at High Power	electron, injection, target, vacuum	304
	M.A. Plum ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	At low beam powers H− charge exchange injection into a storage ring or synchrotron is relatively simple. A thin stripper foil removes the two “convoy” electrons from the H− particle and the newly-created proton begins to circulate around the ring. At high beam powers there are complications due to the heat created in the stripper foil, the power in the H⁰ excited states, and the power in the convoy electrons. The charge-exchanged beam power at the Oak Ridge Spallation Neutron Source is the highest in the world. Although the SNS ring was carefully designed to operate at this level there have been surprises, primarily involving the convoy electrons. Examples include damage to the foil brackets due to reflected convoy electrons and damage to the electron collector due to the primary convoy electrons. The SNS Second Target Station project calls for doubling the beam power and thus placing even more stress on the charge-exchange-injection beam-line components. In this presentation we will compare charge-exchange-injection designs at high-power facilities around the world, discuss lessons learned, and describe the future plans at SNS.
	Slides TUPM6X01 [10.929 MB]
Export •	reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPM7X01	An Experimental Plan for 400 MeV H⁻ Stripping to Proton by Using Only Lasers in the J-PARC RCS	laser, experiment, injection, operation	310
	P.K. Saha, H. Harada, S. Kato, M. Kinsho JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan Y. Irie, I. Yamane KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	The 3-GeV RCS (Rapid Cycling Synchrotron) of J-PARC is gradually approaching to the design operation with 1 MW beam power. Studies are ongoing for further higher beam power of 1.5 MW. The injection and extraction energy of RCS is 0.4 and 3 GeV, respectively. Lifetime of the stripper foil is the highest concern beyond 1 MW beam power. We have also already started detail studies of H⁻ stripping to protons by using lasers. However, in order to avoid high magnetic field required in the process of laser-assisted H⁻ stripping to protons, especially for lower H⁻ energies, we are studying the possibilities of using only laser system for 400 MeV H⁻ beam in the RCS. The method is a three step process, similar to that of SNS but lasers are used instead of high field magnets in the 1st (H⁻ to H⁰) and 3rd step (H0* to p). A Nd:YAG laser can be properly used for both 1st and 3rd steps, where commercially available powerful Excimer laser will be used an H⁰ excitation in the 2nd step. Although detail R&D studies are necessary to reach to the ultimate goal, we plan to carry out an experiment in 2017. A detail of the present method, experimental schedule and the expected outcome will be presented.
	Slides TUPM7X01 [3.316 MB]
Export •	reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUAM7Y11	High Current Uranium Beam Measurements at GSI-UNILAC for FAIR	brilliance, emittance, target, ion	319
	W.A. Barth, A. Adonin, Ch.E. Düllmann, M. Heilmann, R. Hollinger, E. Jäger, O.K. Kester, J. Khuyagbaatar, J. Krier, E. Plechov, P. Scharrer, W. Vinzenz, H. Vormann, A. Yakushev, S. Yaramyshev GSI, Darmstadt, Germany Ch.E. Düllmann, J. Khuyagbaatar, P. Scharrer, A. Yakushev HIM, Mainz, Germany Ch.E. Düllmann Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institut of Nuclear Chemistry, Mainz, Germany P. Scharrer Mainz University, Mainz, Germany S. Yaramyshev MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
	In the context of an advanced machine investigation program supporting the ongoing UNILAC (Universal Linear Accelerator) upgrade program, a new uranium beam intensity record (10 emA, U²⁹⁺) at very high beam brilliance was achieved last year in a machine experiment campaign at GSI. The UNILAC as well as the heavy ion synchrotron SIS18 will serve as a high current heavy ion injector for the new FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research) synchrotron SIS100. Results of the accomplished high current uranium beam measurements applying a newly developed pulsed hydrogen gas stripper (at 1.4'MeV/u) will be presented. The paper will focus on the evaluation and analysis of the measured beam brilliance and further implications to fulfil the FAIR heavy ion high intensity beam requirements.
	Slides TUAM7Y11 [2.437 MB]
Export •	reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPM3Y01	Operational Experience and Future Plans at ISIS	operation, injection, acceleration, simulation	333
	D.J. Adams STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom I.S.K. Gardner, B. Jones, A.H. Kershaw, A.P. Letchford, R.J. Mathieson, A. Pertica, B.G. Pine, A. Seville, H. V. Smith, C.M. Warsop, R.E. Williamson, M. Wright STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
	The ISIS spallation neutron and muon source has been in operation since 1984. The accelerator complex consists of an H⁻ ion source, 665 keV RFQ, 70 MeV linac, 800 MeV proton synchrotron and associated beam transfer lines. The facility currently delivers ~2.8·10¹³ protons per pulse (ppp) at 50 Hz, which is shared between two target stations. High intensity performance and operation are dominated by the need to minimise and control beam loss, which is key to sustainable machine operation, allowing essential hands on maintenance. The facility has had several upgrades including an RFQ, ring Second Harmonic RF system, key developments of diagnostics and instrumentation required for improving beam control and a Second Target station. Upgrades being installed, or expected in the near future, include: a ring damping system, a new injector MEBT with fast injection chopper and an upgraded 50 Hz target. Operational experience of ISIS and the impacts of its past and future upgrades are discussed. Ideas for major upgrades to ISIS are briefly reviewed, as are the underlying R&D projects.
	Slides TUPM3Y01 [2.902 MB]
Export •	reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPM6Y01	Commissioning of C-ADS Injector I	rfq, cavity, emittance, solenoid	348
	J.S. Cao, H. Geng, R.L. Liu, C. Meng, Y.F. Sui, F. Yan, Q. Ye IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	As a test facility, the design goal of C-ADS Injector I is a 10mA, 10MeV CW proton linac, which uses a 3.2MeV normal conducting RFQ and superconducting single-spoke cavities for accelerating. The RF frequency of C-ADS Injector I accelerator is 325 MHz. In accordance to the progress of construction and considering the technical difficulties, the beam commissioning of C-ADS Injector I is carried out in 3 phases: Phase 1, with ECRIS + LEBT + RFQ + MEBT + TCM (two superconducting cavities), to reach 3.6 MeV; Phase 2, with ECRIS + LEBT + RFQ + MEBT + CM1 (seven superconducting cavities), to reach 5 MeV; Phase 3, with ECRIS + LEBT + RFQ + MEBT + CM¹⁺ CM2 (same as CM1), to finally achieve the design goal of C-ADS Injector I. This paper summarizes the beam commissioning in 3 phases and focusing on the third phase.
	Slides TUPM6Y01 [3.617 MB]
Export •	reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEAM6X01	Studies of High Intensity Proton FFAGs at RAL	injection, linac, emittance, lattice	379
	C.R. Prior STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
	The paper describes studies of high intensity proton accelerators for a next-generation source of short-pulse spallation neutrons. Along with conventional designs using rapid cycling synchrotrons, the long-term nature of the project provides scope for novel accelerator designs and developing technological ideas. A range of FFAG options is under consideration for the main spallation driver. Theory and simulation in the UK are combined with experimental studies of FFAGs in Japan, and a small prototype FFAG ring is planned to go on the FETS injector at RAL for essential R&D. The paper covers the broad scope of the programme and details the success of the study to date.
	Slides WEAM6X01 [12.105 MB]
Export •	reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPM2X01	High Power Target Instrumentation at J-PARC for Neutron and Muon Sources	target, octupole, neutron, optics	391
	S.I. Meigo, A. Akutsu, K. Ikezaki, T.K. Kawasaki, H. Kinoshita, M. Nishikawa, M. Ooi JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan H. Fujimori, S.F. Fukuta KEK/JAEA, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
	Funding: This work is partly supported by the MEXT Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) Grant no. 26390114. At the J-PARC, spallation neutron and muon sources are injected 3-GeV proton beam with power of 1 MW extracted from 25 Hz Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS). Recently several shots of the beam with equivalent power of 1 MW were successfully delivered to the targets without significant beam loss. Since the pitting erosion on the mercury target vessel utilized for spallation neutron source is known to be proportional to the 4th power of the beam current density, peak current density at the target should be kept as low as possible so that we have developed beam-flattening system by nonlinear beam optics using octupole magnets. To carry out the beam tuning efficiently, beam-tuning tool had been developed by using SAD code system. It is found that the shape of the beam can be controlled as designed. By using anti-correlated painting at the injection of the RCS, the beam was found to be shaped more flat distribution. The peak current density at the target can be reduced by 30 % with the present nonlinear optics without significant beam loss around at octupole magnets, which mitigates 76 % of the damage at the target vessel.
	Slides WEPM2X01 [9.327 MB]
Export •	reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEAM3Y01	Present Status of the High Current Linac at Tsinghua University and Its Application	rfq, neutron, target, linac	413
	Q.Z. Xing, D.T. Bin, C. Cheng, C.T. Du, L. Du, T.B. Du, X. Guan, Q.K. Guo, H. Jiang, C.-X. Tang, R. Tang, D. Wang, X.W. Wang, L. Wu, H.Y. Zhang, Q.Z. Zhang, S.X. Zheng TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China W.Q. Guan, Y. He, J. Li NUCTECH, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	The CPHS (Compact Pulsed Hadron Source) linac at Tsinghua University, is now in operation as an achievement of its mid-term objective. Presently the RFQ accelerator is operated stably with the beam energy of 3 MeV, peak current of 26 mA, pulse length of 100 μs and repetition rate of 20 Hz. After the maintenance period the transmission rate of the RFQ accelerator has been recovered from 65% to 91%. The application of the proton and neutron beam is introduced in this paper.
	Slides WEAM3Y01 [8.616 MB]
Export •	reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEAM7Y01	The Beam Delivery System of the European Spallation Source	target, multipole, simulation, controls	427
	H.D. Thomsen Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark S.P. Møller ISA, Aarhus, Denmark
	The European Spallation Source (ESS) will apply a fast beam scanning system to redistribute the proton beam transversely across the spallation target surface. The system operates at sweep frequencies of tens of kHz and efficiently evens out the time-averaged beam intensity within a nominal beam footprint, thus reducing the level of beam-induced material damage. A modular design approach divides the raster action in each direction across 4 independent magnet-supply systems to distribute the magnetic load, ease the peak output power per modulator, and in general reduce the impact of single points of failure. The state of the magnet design and power supply topology will be discussed.
	Slides WEAM7Y01 [6.037 MB]
Export •	reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPM5Y01	H⁻ Beam Dynamics Study of a LEBT in XiPAF Project with the WARP PIC Code	simulation, space-charge, ion, rfq	449
	R. Ruo, L. Du, T.B. Du, X. Guan, C.-X. Tang, X.W. Wang, Q.Z. Xing, H.Y. Zhang, Q.Z. Zhang TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China Y. He, J. Li NUCTECH, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	The 7 MeV H⁻ linac injector of Xi‘an Proton Application Facility (XiPAF) is composed of an ECR ion source, a Low Energy Beam Transport line (LEBT), a Radio Frequency Quadrupole accelerator (RFQ) and a Drift Tube Linac (DTL). The 1.7 m-long LEBT is used for matching a 40 μs pulse width 6 mA peak current beam to the entrance of the RFQ accelerator. The peak current and pulse-width of the 50 keV H⁻ beam extracted from the ion source is 10 mA and 1 ms respectively. In the LEBT, an adjustable aperture is used for scraping the peak current of the beam to 6 mA, and an electric chopper is used for chopping the beam pulse width to 40 μs. These elements make the space charge compensation problem more complicated. A careful simulation of the space charge compensation problem of the H⁻ beam has been done by considering the beam particles interacting with the residual gas with the help of WARP PIC code. To achieve the requirements of the LEBT in XiPAF, the type and pressure of the residual gas is given according to the simulation results.
	Slides WEPM5Y01 [5.926 MB]
Export •	reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPM8Y01	Simulation of Space-Charge Compensation of a Low-Energy Proton Beam in a Drift Section	simulation, electron, emittance, ion	458
	D. Noll, M. Droba, O. Meusel, U. Ratzinger, K. Schulte IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	Space-charge compensation provided by the accumulation of particles of opposing charge in the beam potential is an important effect occuring in magnetostatic low energy beam transport sections of high-intensity accelerators. An improved understanding of its effects might provide valuable input for the design of these beam lines. One approach to model the compensation process are Particle-in-Cell (PIC) simulations including residual gas ionisation. In simulations of a drifting proton beam, using the PIC code bender [1], some features of thermal equilibrium for the compensation electrons were found. This makes it possible to predict their spatial distribution using the Poisson-Boltzmann equation and thus the influence on beam transport. In this contribution, we will provide a comparison between the PIC simulations and the model as well as some ideas concerning the source of the (partial) thermalization. [1] D. Noll, M. Droba, O. Meusel, U. Ratzinger, K. Schulte, C. Wiesner - The Particle-in-Cell Code Bender and Its Application to Non-Relativistic Beam Transport, WEO4LR02, Proc. of HB2014
	Slides WEPM8Y01 [2.203 MB]
Export •	reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THAM1X01	Reuse Recycler: High Intensity Proton Stacking at Fermilab	operation, electron, booster, vacuum	463
	P. Adamson Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Fermilab is operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. De-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy. After a successful career as an antiproton storage and cooling ring, Recycler has been converted to a high intensity proton stacker for the Main Injector. We discuss the commissioning and operation of the Recycler in this new role, and the progress towards the 700 kW design goal.
	Slides THAM1X01 [1.978 MB]
Export •	reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THAM2Y01	Measurements of Beam Pulse Induced Mechanical Strain Inside the SNS* Target Module	target, radiation, simulation, experiment	532
	W. Blokland, Y. Liu, B.W. Riemer, M. Wendel, D.E. Winder ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA M.J. Dayton ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	Funding: * ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U.S. Department of Energy. Because several of the SNS targets have had a shorter lifetime than desired, a new target has been instrumented with strain sensors to further our understanding of the proton beam’s mechanical impact. The high radiation and electrically noisy environment led us to pick multi-mode fiber optical strain sensors over other types of strain sensors. Special care was taken to minimize the impact of the sensors on the target’s lifetime. We also placed accelerometers outside the target to try correlating the outside measurements with the internal measurements. Remote manipulators performed the final part of the installation, as even residual radiation is too high for humans to come close to the target’s final location. The initial set of optical sensors on the first instrumented target lasted just long enough to give us measurements from different proton beam intensities. A second set of more rad-hard sensors, installed in the following target, lasted much longer, to give us considerably more data. We are developing our own rad-hard, single-mode fiber optic sensors. This paper describes the design, installation, data-acquisition system, the results of the strain sensors, and future plans.
	Slides THAM2Y01 [13.157 MB]
Export •	reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THAM4Y01	New Arrangement of Collimators of J-PARC Main Ring	collimation, beam-losses, radiation, operation	543
	M.J. Shirakata, S. Igarashi, K. Ishii, Y. Sato, J. Takano KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	The beam collimation system of J-PARC main ring has been prepared in order to localize the beam loss into the specified area, especially during the injection period. At the first time, it was constructed as a scraper-catcher system in horizontal and vertical planes which consisted of one halo-scraper and two scattered protons catchers, whose the maximum beam loss capacity was designed to be 450W in the beam injection straight of the ring. In 2012, the scraper was replaced by two collimators with a movable L-type jaw for both planes. Two catchers remained at the same places, and they were used as collimators. This large change of design concept of main ring collimation system was required in order to increase the beam loss capacity more than 3kW. The system worked well but unexpected loss spots still remained in the following arc and straight sections. The four-axis collimator was developed with movable jaw in horizontal, vertical and skew configurations which has high cleaning efficiency. We have four four-axis collimators, two non-skew collimators, and one original catcher. The most effective arrangement of collimators was investigated in this report.
	Slides THAM4Y01 [2.426 MB]
Export •	reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPM7Y01	A New RFQ Model and Symplectic Multi-Particle Tracking in the IMPACT Code Suite	rfq, space-charge, simulation, emittance	562
	J. Qiang LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA L. Li, Z. Wang PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	The IMPACT code suite is a self-consistent parallel three-dimensional beam dynamics simulation toolbox that combines the magnetic optics method and the parallel particle-in-cell method. It has been widely used to study high intensity/high brightness beams in many accelerators. In this paper, we will report on recent improvements to the code such as the capability to model RFQ in time domain and symplectic multi-particle tracking with a gridless spectral solver for space-charge simulation.
	Slides THPM7Y01 [8.794 MB]
Export •	reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOAM5P50

LHC Run 2: Results and Challenges

luminosity, operation, ion, electron

14

R. Bruce, G. Arduini, H. Bartosik, R. De Maria, M. Giovannozzi, G. Iadarola, J.M. Jowett, M. Lamont, A. Lechner, K.S.B. Li, D. Mirarchi, E. Métral, T. Pieloni, S. Redaelli, G. Rumolo, B. Salvant, R. Tomás, J. Wenninger
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The first proton run of the LHC was very successful and resulted in important physics discoveries. It was followed by a two-year shutdown where a large number of improvements were carried out. In 2015, the LHC was restarted and this second run aims at further exploring the physics of the standard model and beyond at an increased beam energy. This article gives a review of the performance achieved so far and the limitations encountered, as well as the future challenges for the CERN accelerators to maximize the data delivered to the LHC experiments in Run 2. Furthermore, the status of the 2016 LHC run and commissioning is discussed.

Slides MOAM5P50 [9.283 MB]

Export •

reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOAM6P60

Recent Progress of J-PARC MR Beam Commissioning and Operation

injection, resonance, operation, kicker

21

S. Igarashi
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

The main ring (MR) of the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) has been providing 30-GeV proton beams for elementary particle and nuclear physics experiments since 2009. The beam power of 390 kW has been recently achieved with 2·10¹⁴ protons per pulse and the cycle time of 2.48 s for the neutrino oscillation experiment. Main efforts in the beam tuning are to minimize beam losses and to localize the losses at the collimator section. Recent improvements include the 2nd harmonic rf operation to reduce the space charge effect with a larger bunching factor and corrections of resonances near the operation setting of the betatron tune. Because the beam bunches were longer with the 2nd harmonic rf operation, the injection kicker system was improved to accommodate the long bunches. We plan to achieve the target beam power of 750 kW in 2018 by making the cycle time faster to 1.3 s with new power supplies of main magnets, rf upgrade and improvement of injection and extraction devices. The possibility of the beam power beyond 750 kW is being explored with new settings of the betatron tune.

Slides MOAM6P60 [9.968 MB]

Export •

reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPM4P01

Challenges and Performance of the C-ADS Injector System

rfq, linac, cavity, operation

36

Y.L. Chi
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Along with the rapid development of nuclear power plants in China, treatment of the nuclear waste has become a crucial issue. Supported by the "Strategic Priority Research Program" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), The Chinese ADS project is now on-going based on the collaboration of several Chinese institutions. In the end of year 2015, China Initiative ADS (CIADS) program is approved by Chinese government, will construct in the Guangdong province south part of China. The proton accelerator of Chinese ADS is a superconducting CW linear accelerator. Its energy is 1.5GeV, with beam current of 10mA. Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) and Institute of Modern Physics (IMP) are responsible to developing this superconducting CW linear accelerator. In the injector part there are many challenges to developing several different low beta superconducting cavities and related hardware’s such like LLRF system etc. In this paper presents the progress of two different injector development including SC cavities and related hardware’s and performance test of two injectors and key hardware’s, and also brief introduction of CIADS program.

Slides MOPM4P01 [3.751 MB]

Export •

reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPR004

H⁻ Charge Exchange Injection for XiPAF Synchrotron

injection, emittance, synchrotron, dipole

49

H.J. Yao, X. Guan, G.R. Li, X.W. Wang, Q.Z. Xing, S.X. Zheng
TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China

The physics design of the H⁻ charge exchange injection system for Xi’an Proton Application Facility (XiPAF) synchrotron with the missing dipole lattice is discussed. The injection scheme is composed of one septum magnet, three chicane dipoles, two bump magnets and one carbon stripping foil. A 7 μg/cm² carbon foil is chosen for 7 MeV H⁻ beam for high stripping efficiency and low coulomb scattering effect. The simulation results of the horizontal and vertical phase space painting finished by two bumper magnets and mismatching respectively are presented.

Export •

reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPR006

Design of the 230MeV Proton Accelerator for Xi'an Proton Application Facility

synchrotron, extraction, injection, linac

55

H.J. Yao, H.B. Chen, C. Cheng, C.T. Du, L. Du, T.B. Du, X. Guan, W.-H. Huang, H. Jiang, G.R. Li, C.-X. Tang, R. Tang, D. Wang, W. Wang, X.W. Wang, L. Wu, Q.Z. Xing, Y. Yang, Z. Yang, H.J. Zeng, H.Y. Zhang, Q. Zhang, Q.Z. Zhang, S.X. Zheng
TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China
W. Chen
NINT, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
W.Q. Guan, Y. He, J. Li
NUCTECH, Beijing, People's Republic of China
S.-Y. Lee
Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
M.T. Qiu, B.C. Wang, Y.P. Wang, Z.M. Wang, Y.H. Yan, H.Z. Zhang, C. Zhao
State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Shannxi, People's Republic of China

We report a design of the 230 MeV proton accelera-tor, the Xi’an Proton Application Facility (XiPAF), which will be located in Xi’an city, China. The facility will provide proton beam with the maximum energy of 230 MeV for the research of the single event effect. The facility, composed of a 230 MeV synchrotron, a 7 MeV H⁻ linac injector and two experimental stations, will provide a flux of 10⁵~10⁸ p/cm²/s with the uni-formity of better than 90% on the 10 cm×10 cm sample.

Export •

reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPR007

Cold and High Power Test of Large Size Magnetic Alloy Core for XiPAF's Synchrotron

impedance, cavity, experiment, synchrotron

59

G.R. Li, X. Guan, W.-H. Huang, X.W. Wang, Z. Yang, H.J. Yao, H.J. Zeng, S.X. Zheng
TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China

A compact magnetic alloy (MA) loaded cavity is under development for XiPAF's synchrotron. The cavity contains 6 large size MA cores, each is independently coupled with solid state power amplifier. Two types of MA core are proposed for the project. We have developed a single core model cavity to verify the impedance model and to test the properties of MA cores under high power state. The high power test results are presented and discussed.

Export •

reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPR009

Transverse Beam Splitting Made Operational: Recent Progress of the Multi-Turn Extraction at the CERN Proton Synchrotron

extraction, simulation, septum, synchrotron

65

A. Huschauer, J.C.C.M. Borburgh, S. Damjanovic, S.S. Gilardoni, M. Giovannozzi, M. Hourican, K. Kahle, G. Le Godec, O. Michels, G. Sterbini
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
C. Hernalsteens
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

Following a successful commissioning period, the Multi-Turn Extraction (MTE) at the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) has been applied for the fixed-target physics programme at the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) since September 2015. This exceptional extraction technique was proposed to replace the long-serving Continuous Transfer (CT) extraction, which has the drawback of inducing high activation in the ring. MTE exploits the principles of non-linear beam dynamics to perform loss-free beam splitting in the horizontal phase space. Over multiple turns, the resulting beamlets are then transferred to the downstream accelerator. The operational deployment of MTE was rendered possible by the full understanding and mitigation of different hardware limitations and by redesigning the extraction trajectories and non-linear optics, which was required due to the installation of a dummy septum to reduce the activation of the magnetic extraction septum. The results of the related experimental and simulation studies, a summary of the 2015 performance analysis, as well as more recent performance improvements are presented in this paper.

Export •

reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPR012

The New HL-LHC Injection and Transport Protection System

injection, simulation, kicker, brightness

81

F.M. Velotti, W. Bartmann, C. Bracco, M.A. Fraser, B. Goddard, V. Kain, A. Lechner, M. Meddahi
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) upgrade represents a challenge for the full chain of its injectors. The aim is to provide beams with a brightness a factor of two higher than the present maximum achieved. The 450 GeV beams injected into the LHC are directly provided by the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) via two transfer lines (TL), TI2 and TI8. Such transfer lines are both equipped with a passive protection system to protect the LHC aperture against ultra-fast failures of the extraction and transport systems. In the LHC instead, the injection protection system protects the cold apertures against possible failures of the injection kicker, MKI. Due to the increase of the beam brightness, these passive systems need to be upgraded. In this paper, the foreseen and ongoing modifications of the LHC injection protection system and the TL collimators are presented. Simulations of the protection guaranteed by the new systems in case of failures are described, together with benchmark with measurements for the current systems.

Export •

reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPR016

Mitigation of Numerical Noise for Beam Loss Simulations

simulation, emittance, space-charge, ion

90

F. Kesting
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
G. Franchetti
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

Numerical noise emerges in self-consistent simulations of charged particles, and its mitigation is investigated since the first numerical studies in plasma physics. In accelerator physics, recent studies find an artificial diffusion of the particle beam due to numerical noise in particle-in-cell tracking, which is of particular importance for high intensity machines with a long storage time, as the SIS100 at FAIR or in context of the LIU upgrade at CERN. In beam loss simulations for these projects artificial effects must be distinguished from physical beam loss. Therefore, it is important to relate artificial diffusion to artificial beam loss, and to choose simulation parameters such that physical beam loss is well resolved. As a practical tool, we therefore suggest a scaling law to find optimal simulation parameters for a given maximum percentage of acceptable artificial beam loss.

Export •

reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPR036

Spin Tracking of Polarized Protons in the Main Injector at Fermilab

polarization, closed-orbit, lattice, resonance

173

M. Xiao
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
C. Aldred, W. Lorenzon
Michigan University, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

The Main Injector (MI) at Fermilab currently produces high-intensity beams of protons at energies of 120 GeV for a variety of physics experiments. Acceleration of polarized protons in the MI would provide opportunities for a rich spin physics program at Fermilab. To achieve polarized proton beams in the Fermilab accelerator com-plex, shown in Fig.1.1, detailed spin tracking simulations with realistic parameters based on the existing facility are required. This report presents studies at the MI using a single 4-twist Siberian snake to determine the depolariz-ing spin resonances for the relevant synchrotrons. Results will be presented first for a perfect MI lattice, followed by a lattice that includes the real MI imperfections, such as the measured magnet field errors and quadrupole misa-lignments. The tolerances of each of these factors in maintaining polarization in the Main Injector will be discussed.

Export •

reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPL010

ESSnuSB Project to Produce Intense Beams of Neutrinos and Muons

target, linac, detector, injection

207

E. Bouquerel
IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France

Funding: This project is now supported by the COST Action CA15139 "Combining forces for a novel European facility for neutrino-antineutrino symmetry-violation discovery" (EuroNuNet).
A new project for the production of a very intense neutrino beam has arisen to enable the discovery of a leptonic CP violation. This facility will use the world’s most intense pulsed spallation neutron source, the European Spallation Source (ESS) under construction in Lund. Its linac is expected to be fully operational at 5 MW power by 2023, using 2 GeV protons. In addition to the neutrinos, the ESSnuSB proposed facility will produce a copious number of muons at the same time. These muons could be used by a future Neutrino Factory to study a possible CP violation in the leptonic sector and neutrino cross-sections. They could also be used by a muon collider or a low energy nuSTORM. The layout of such a facility, consisting in the upgrade of the linac, the use of an accumulator ring, a target/horn system and a megaton Water Cherenkov neutrino detector, is presented. The physics potential is also described.

Export •

reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPL011

Laser Stripping H⁻ Charge Exchange Injection by Femtosecond Lasers

laser, resonance, injection, optics

212

T.V. Gorlov
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

A new method for H⁻ laser assistant charge exchange injection using femtosecond laser pulses is considered. The existing method uses a divergent laser beam that allows compensation of angular and momentum spread of the stripped beam. The femtosecond laser pulse has a similar property that can compensate the spread and yield efficient laser stripping. Results of simulations with realistic femtosecond laser and H⁻ beam parameters are discussed. The proposed method may have some benefit for particular technical conditions compared with others.

Export •

reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPL021

Fermilab Booster Transition Crossing Simulations and Beam Studies

booster, quadrupole, simulation, space-charge

242

C.M. Bhat, C.-Y. Tan
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. De-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy
The Fermiab Booster accelerates beam from 400 MeV to 8 GeV at 15 Hz. In the PIP (Proton Improvement Plan) era, it is required that Booster deliver 4.2·10¹² protons per pulse to extraction. One of the obstacles for providing quality beam to the users is the longitudinal quadrupole oscillation that the beam suffers from right after transition. Although this oscillation is well taken care of with quadrupole dampers, it is important to understand the source of these oscillation in light of the PIP II requirements that require 6.5·10¹² protons per pulse at extraction. This paper explores the results from computer simulations, machine studies and solutions to prevent the quadrupole oscillation after transition.
Author would like to thank S. Chaurize, C. Drennan, W. Pellico, K. Seiya, T. Sullivan and K. Triplett

Export •

reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPM6X01

H⁻ Charge Exchange Injection Issues at High Power

electron, injection, target, vacuum

304

M.A. Plum
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

At low beam powers H− charge exchange injection into a storage ring or synchrotron is relatively simple. A thin stripper foil removes the two “convoy” electrons from the H− particle and the newly-created proton begins to circulate around the ring. At high beam powers there are complications due to the heat created in the stripper foil, the power in the H⁰ excited states, and the power in the convoy electrons. The charge-exchanged beam power at the Oak Ridge Spallation Neutron Source is the highest in the world. Although the SNS ring was carefully designed to operate at this level there have been surprises, primarily involving the convoy electrons. Examples include damage to the foil brackets due to reflected convoy electrons and damage to the electron collector due to the primary convoy electrons. The SNS Second Target Station project calls for doubling the beam power and thus placing even more stress on the charge-exchange-injection beam-line components. In this presentation we will compare charge-exchange-injection designs at high-power facilities around the world, discuss lessons learned, and describe the future plans at SNS.

Slides TUPM6X01 [10.929 MB]

Export •

reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPM7X01

An Experimental Plan for 400 MeV H⁻ Stripping to Proton by Using Only Lasers in the J-PARC RCS

laser, experiment, injection, operation

310

P.K. Saha, H. Harada, S. Kato, M. Kinsho
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
Y. Irie, I. Yamane
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

The 3-GeV RCS (Rapid Cycling Synchrotron) of J-PARC is gradually approaching to the design operation with 1 MW beam power. Studies are ongoing for further higher beam power of 1.5 MW. The injection and extraction energy of RCS is 0.4 and 3 GeV, respectively. Lifetime of the stripper foil is the highest concern beyond 1 MW beam power. We have also already started detail studies of H⁻ stripping to protons by using lasers. However, in order to avoid high magnetic field required in the process of laser-assisted H⁻ stripping to protons, especially for lower H⁻ energies, we are studying the possibilities of using only laser system for 400 MeV H⁻ beam in the RCS. The method is a three step process, similar to that of SNS but lasers are used instead of high field magnets in the 1st (H⁻ to H⁰) and 3rd step (H0* to p). A Nd:YAG laser can be properly used for both 1st and 3rd steps, where commercially available powerful Excimer laser will be used an H⁰ excitation in the 2nd step. Although detail R&D studies are necessary to reach to the ultimate goal, we plan to carry out an experiment in 2017. A detail of the present method, experimental schedule and the expected outcome will be presented.

Slides TUPM7X01 [3.316 MB]

Export •

reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUAM7Y11

High Current Uranium Beam Measurements at GSI-UNILAC for FAIR

brilliance, emittance, target, ion

319

W.A. Barth, A. Adonin, Ch.E. Düllmann, M. Heilmann, R. Hollinger, E. Jäger, O.K. Kester, J. Khuyagbaatar, J. Krier, E. Plechov, P. Scharrer, W. Vinzenz, H. Vormann, A. Yakushev, S. Yaramyshev
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
Ch.E. Düllmann, J. Khuyagbaatar, P. Scharrer, A. Yakushev
HIM, Mainz, Germany
Ch.E. Düllmann
Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institut of Nuclear Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
P. Scharrer
Mainz University, Mainz, Germany
S. Yaramyshev
MEPhI, Moscow, Russia

In the context of an advanced machine investigation program supporting the ongoing UNILAC (Universal Linear Accelerator) upgrade program, a new uranium beam intensity record (10 emA, U²⁹⁺) at very high beam brilliance was achieved last year in a machine experiment campaign at GSI. The UNILAC as well as the heavy ion synchrotron SIS18 will serve as a high current heavy ion injector for the new FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research) synchrotron SIS100. Results of the accomplished high current uranium beam measurements applying a newly developed pulsed hydrogen gas stripper (at 1.4'MeV/u) will be presented. The paper will focus on the evaluation and analysis of the measured beam brilliance and further implications to fulfil the FAIR heavy ion high intensity beam requirements.

Slides TUAM7Y11 [2.437 MB]

Export •

reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPM3Y01

Operational Experience and Future Plans at ISIS

operation, injection, acceleration, simulation

333

D.J. Adams
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
I.S.K. Gardner, B. Jones, A.H. Kershaw, A.P. Letchford, R.J. Mathieson, A. Pertica, B.G. Pine, A. Seville, H. V. Smith, C.M. Warsop, R.E. Williamson, M. Wright
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

The ISIS spallation neutron and muon source has been in operation since 1984. The accelerator complex consists of an H⁻ ion source, 665 keV RFQ, 70 MeV linac, 800 MeV proton synchrotron and associated beam transfer lines. The facility currently delivers ~2.8·10¹³ protons per pulse (ppp) at 50 Hz, which is shared between two target stations. High intensity performance and operation are dominated by the need to minimise and control beam loss, which is key to sustainable machine operation, allowing essential hands on maintenance. The facility has had several upgrades including an RFQ, ring Second Harmonic RF system, key developments of diagnostics and instrumentation required for improving beam control and a Second Target station. Upgrades being installed, or expected in the near future, include: a ring damping system, a new injector MEBT with fast injection chopper and an upgraded 50 Hz target. Operational experience of ISIS and the impacts of its past and future upgrades are discussed. Ideas for major upgrades to ISIS are briefly reviewed, as are the underlying R&D projects.

Slides TUPM3Y01 [2.902 MB]

Export •

reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPM6Y01

Commissioning of C-ADS Injector I

rfq, cavity, emittance, solenoid

348

J.S. Cao, H. Geng, R.L. Liu, C. Meng, Y.F. Sui, F. Yan, Q. Ye
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

As a test facility, the design goal of C-ADS Injector I is a 10mA, 10MeV CW proton linac, which uses a 3.2MeV normal conducting RFQ and superconducting single-spoke cavities for accelerating. The RF frequency of C-ADS Injector I accelerator is 325 MHz. In accordance to the progress of construction and considering the technical difficulties, the beam commissioning of C-ADS Injector I is carried out in 3 phases: Phase 1, with ECRIS + LEBT + RFQ + MEBT + TCM (two superconducting cavities), to reach 3.6 MeV; Phase 2, with ECRIS + LEBT + RFQ + MEBT + CM1 (seven superconducting cavities), to reach 5 MeV; Phase 3, with ECRIS + LEBT + RFQ + MEBT + CM¹⁺ CM2 (same as CM1), to finally achieve the design goal of C-ADS Injector I. This paper summarizes the beam commissioning in 3 phases and focusing on the third phase.

Slides TUPM6Y01 [3.617 MB]

Export •

reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEAM6X01

Studies of High Intensity Proton FFAGs at RAL

injection, linac, emittance, lattice

379

C.R. Prior
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

The paper describes studies of high intensity proton accelerators for a next-generation source of short-pulse spallation neutrons. Along with conventional designs using rapid cycling synchrotrons, the long-term nature of the project provides scope for novel accelerator designs and developing technological ideas. A range of FFAG options is under consideration for the main spallation driver. Theory and simulation in the UK are combined with experimental studies of FFAGs in Japan, and a small prototype FFAG ring is planned to go on the FETS injector at RAL for essential R&D. The paper covers the broad scope of the programme and details the success of the study to date.

Slides WEAM6X01 [12.105 MB]

Export •

reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPM2X01

High Power Target Instrumentation at J-PARC for Neutron and Muon Sources

target, octupole, neutron, optics

391

S.I. Meigo, A. Akutsu, K. Ikezaki, T.K. Kawasaki, H. Kinoshita, M. Nishikawa, M. Ooi
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
H. Fujimori, S.F. Fukuta
KEK/JAEA, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan

Funding: This work is partly supported by the MEXT Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) Grant no. 26390114.
At the J-PARC, spallation neutron and muon sources are injected 3-GeV proton beam with power of 1 MW extracted from 25 Hz Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS). Recently several shots of the beam with equivalent power of 1 MW were successfully delivered to the targets without significant beam loss. Since the pitting erosion on the mercury target vessel utilized for spallation neutron source is known to be proportional to the 4th power of the beam current density, peak current density at the target should be kept as low as possible so that we have developed beam-flattening system by nonlinear beam optics using octupole magnets. To carry out the beam tuning efficiently, beam-tuning tool had been developed by using SAD code system. It is found that the shape of the beam can be controlled as designed. By using anti-correlated painting at the injection of the RCS, the beam was found to be shaped more flat distribution. The peak current density at the target can be reduced by 30 % with the present nonlinear optics without significant beam loss around at octupole magnets, which mitigates 76 % of the damage at the target vessel.

Slides WEPM2X01 [9.327 MB]

Export •

reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEAM3Y01

Present Status of the High Current Linac at Tsinghua University and Its Application

rfq, neutron, target, linac

413

Q.Z. Xing, D.T. Bin, C. Cheng, C.T. Du, L. Du, T.B. Du, X. Guan, Q.K. Guo, H. Jiang, C.-X. Tang, R. Tang, D. Wang, X.W. Wang, L. Wu, H.Y. Zhang, Q.Z. Zhang, S.X. Zheng
TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China
W.Q. Guan, Y. He, J. Li
NUCTECH, Beijing, People's Republic of China

The CPHS (Compact Pulsed Hadron Source) linac at Tsinghua University, is now in operation as an achievement of its mid-term objective. Presently the RFQ accelerator is operated stably with the beam energy of 3 MeV, peak current of 26 mA, pulse length of 100 μs and repetition rate of 20 Hz. After the maintenance period the transmission rate of the RFQ accelerator has been recovered from 65% to 91%. The application of the proton and neutron beam is introduced in this paper.

Slides WEAM3Y01 [8.616 MB]

Export •

reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEAM7Y01

The Beam Delivery System of the European Spallation Source

target, multipole, simulation, controls

427

H.D. Thomsen
Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
S.P. Møller
ISA, Aarhus, Denmark

The European Spallation Source (ESS) will apply a fast beam scanning system to redistribute the proton beam transversely across the spallation target surface. The system operates at sweep frequencies of tens of kHz and efficiently evens out the time-averaged beam intensity within a nominal beam footprint, thus reducing the level of beam-induced material damage. A modular design approach divides the raster action in each direction across 4 independent magnet-supply systems to distribute the magnetic load, ease the peak output power per modulator, and in general reduce the impact of single points of failure. The state of the magnet design and power supply topology will be discussed.

Slides WEAM7Y01 [6.037 MB]

Export •

reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPM5Y01

H⁻ Beam Dynamics Study of a LEBT in XiPAF Project with the WARP PIC Code

simulation, space-charge, ion, rfq

449

R. Ruo, L. Du, T.B. Du, X. Guan, C.-X. Tang, X.W. Wang, Q.Z. Xing, H.Y. Zhang, Q.Z. Zhang
TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China
Y. He, J. Li
NUCTECH, Beijing, People's Republic of China

The 7 MeV H⁻ linac injector of Xi‘an Proton Application Facility (XiPAF) is composed of an ECR ion source, a Low Energy Beam Transport line (LEBT), a Radio Frequency Quadrupole accelerator (RFQ) and a Drift Tube Linac (DTL). The 1.7 m-long LEBT is used for matching a 40 μs pulse width 6 mA peak current beam to the entrance of the RFQ accelerator. The peak current and pulse-width of the 50 keV H⁻ beam extracted from the ion source is 10 mA and 1 ms respectively. In the LEBT, an adjustable aperture is used for scraping the peak current of the beam to 6 mA, and an electric chopper is used for chopping the beam pulse width to 40 μs. These elements make the space charge compensation problem more complicated. A careful simulation of the space charge compensation problem of the H⁻ beam has been done by considering the beam particles interacting with the residual gas with the help of WARP PIC code. To achieve the requirements of the LEBT in XiPAF, the type and pressure of the residual gas is given according to the simulation results.

Slides WEPM5Y01 [5.926 MB]

Export •

reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPM8Y01

Simulation of Space-Charge Compensation of a Low-Energy Proton Beam in a Drift Section

simulation, electron, emittance, ion

458

D. Noll, M. Droba, O. Meusel, U. Ratzinger, K. Schulte
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Space-charge compensation provided by the accumulation of particles of opposing charge in the beam potential is an important effect occuring in magnetostatic low energy beam transport sections of high-intensity accelerators. An improved understanding of its effects might provide valuable input for the design of these beam lines. One approach to model the compensation process are Particle-in-Cell (PIC) simulations including residual gas ionisation. In simulations of a drifting proton beam, using the PIC code bender [1], some features of thermal equilibrium for the compensation electrons were found. This makes it possible to predict their spatial distribution using the Poisson-Boltzmann equation and thus the influence on beam transport. In this contribution, we will provide a comparison between the PIC simulations and the model as well as some ideas concerning the source of the (partial) thermalization.
[1] D. Noll, M. Droba, O. Meusel, U. Ratzinger, K. Schulte, C. Wiesner - The Particle-in-Cell Code Bender and Its Application to Non-Relativistic Beam Transport, WEO4LR02, Proc. of HB2014

Slides WEPM8Y01 [2.203 MB]

Export •

reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THAM1X01

Reuse Recycler: High Intensity Proton Stacking at Fermilab

operation, electron, booster, vacuum

463

P. Adamson
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: Fermilab is operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. De-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy.
After a successful career as an antiproton storage and cooling ring, Recycler has been converted to a high intensity proton stacker for the Main Injector. We discuss the commissioning and operation of the Recycler in this new role, and the progress towards the 700 kW design goal.

Slides THAM1X01 [1.978 MB]

Export •

reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THAM2Y01

Measurements of Beam Pulse Induced Mechanical Strain Inside the SNS* Target Module

target, radiation, simulation, experiment

532

W. Blokland, Y. Liu, B.W. Riemer, M. Wendel, D.E. Winder
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
M.J. Dayton
ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

Funding: * ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U.S. Department of Energy.
Because several of the SNS targets have had a shorter lifetime than desired, a new target has been instrumented with strain sensors to further our understanding of the proton beam’s mechanical impact. The high radiation and electrically noisy environment led us to pick multi-mode fiber optical strain sensors over other types of strain sensors. Special care was taken to minimize the impact of the sensors on the target’s lifetime. We also placed accelerometers outside the target to try correlating the outside measurements with the internal measurements. Remote manipulators performed the final part of the installation, as even residual radiation is too high for humans to come close to the target’s final location. The initial set of optical sensors on the first instrumented target lasted just long enough to give us measurements from different proton beam intensities. A second set of more rad-hard sensors, installed in the following target, lasted much longer, to give us considerably more data. We are developing our own rad-hard, single-mode fiber optic sensors. This paper describes the design, installation, data-acquisition system, the results of the strain sensors, and future plans.

Slides THAM2Y01 [13.157 MB]

Export •

reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THAM4Y01

New Arrangement of Collimators of J-PARC Main Ring

collimation, beam-losses, radiation, operation

543

M.J. Shirakata, S. Igarashi, K. Ishii, Y. Sato, J. Takano
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

The beam collimation system of J-PARC main ring has been prepared in order to localize the beam loss into the specified area, especially during the injection period. At the first time, it was constructed as a scraper-catcher system in horizontal and vertical planes which consisted of one halo-scraper and two scattered protons catchers, whose the maximum beam loss capacity was designed to be 450W in the beam injection straight of the ring. In 2012, the scraper was replaced by two collimators with a movable L-type jaw for both planes. Two catchers remained at the same places, and they were used as collimators. This large change of design concept of main ring collimation system was required in order to increase the beam loss capacity more than 3kW. The system worked well but unexpected loss spots still remained in the following arc and straight sections. The four-axis collimator was developed with movable jaw in horizontal, vertical and skew configurations which has high cleaning efficiency. We have four four-axis collimators, two non-skew collimators, and one original catcher. The most effective arrangement of collimators was investigated in this report.

Slides THAM4Y01 [2.426 MB]

Export •

reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPM7Y01

A New RFQ Model and Symplectic Multi-Particle Tracking in the IMPACT Code Suite

rfq, space-charge, simulation, emittance

562

J. Qiang
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
L. Li, Z. Wang
PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China

The IMPACT code suite is a self-consistent parallel three-dimensional beam dynamics simulation toolbox that combines the magnetic optics method and the parallel particle-in-cell method. It has been widely used to study high intensity/high brightness beams in many accelerators. In this paper, we will report on recent improvements to the code such as the capability to model RFQ in time domain and symplectic multi-particle tracking with a gridless spectral solver for space-charge simulation.

Slides THPM7Y01 [8.794 MB]

Export •

reference for this paper to ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)