Keyword: linac
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MOAM2P20 The LINAC4 Project emittance, cavity, DTL, injection 1
 
  • A.M. Lombardi
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  
  Linac4 is a normal conducting, 160 MeV H− ion accelerator that is being constructed within the scope of the LHC injectors upgrade project. Linac4 will be connected to the Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB) during the next long LHC shut-down and it will replace the current 50 MeV hadron linac, Linac2. Linac4 is presently being commissioned, with the aim of achieving the final energy at the end of the year. A test of the injection chicane and a reliability run will follow. The beam commissioning, in steps of increasing energy, has been prepared by an extended series of studies and interlaced with phases of installation. In this paper we will detail the beam dynamics challenges and we will report on the commissioning results.  
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MOAM3P30 The ESS Accelerator cavity, klystron, target, LLRF 6
 
  • H. Danared, M. Eshraqi, M. Jensen
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
  
  The European Spallation Source, ESS, is a facility for research using neutron beams that is being built in Lund. It will be the world’s most powerful such facility when it comes into full operation in the next decade. Neutrons will be released from a rotating tungsten target when it is hit by 2 GeV protons provided by a superconducting linac at an unprecedented 5 MW of average beam power, serving 22 neutron instruments covering a wide range of fundamental and applied sciences. An overview of the project will be given, with emphasis on technology. Current status, plans and challenges will be reviewed.  
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MOAM4P40 A Fifteen Year Perspective on the Design and Performance of the SNS Accelerator injection, target, electron, operation 9
 
  • S.M. Cousineau
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
  
  Commissioning of the Spallation Neutron Source accelerator began approximately fifteen years ago. Since this time, the accelerator has broken new technological ground with the operation of the world’s first superconducting H− linac, the first liquid mercury target, and 1.4 MW of beam power. This talk will reflect on the issues and concerns that drove key decisions during the design phase, and will consider those decisions in the context of the actual performance of the accelerator. Noteworthy successes will be highlighted and lessons-learned will be discussed. Finally, a look forward toward the challenges associated with a higher power future at SNS will be presented.  
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MOPM1P80 Accelerator Physics Challenges in FRIB Driver Linac ion, simulation, heavy-ion, ion-source 27
 
  • M. Ikegami, K. Fukushima, Z.Q. He, S.M. Lidia, Z. Liu, S.M. Lund, F. Marti, T. Maruta, D.G. Maxwell, G. Shen, J. Wei, Y. Yamazaki, T. Yoshimoto, Q. Zhao
    FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661
FRIB is a heavy ion linac facility to accelerate all stable ions to the energy of 200 MeV/u with the beam power of 400 kW, which is under construction at Michigan State University in USA. FRIB driver linac is a beam power frontier accelerator aiming to realize two orders of magnitude higher beam power than existing facilities. It consists of more than 300 low-beta superconducting cavities with unique folded layout to fit into the existing campus with innovative features including multi charge state acceleration. In this talk, we overview accelerator physics challenges in FRIB driver linac with highlight on recent progresses and activities preparing for the coming beam commissioning. 		 
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MOPM3P01 Beam Optics Simulations Study on the Pre-Stripper Linac for Rare Isotope Science Project cryomodule, simulation, ion, cavity 31
 
  • J.-W. Kim, J.-H. Jang, H. Jin
    IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
  • Z.A. Conway, B. Mustapha, P.N. Ostroumov
    ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
  
  Funding: This work was supported by the Rare Isotope Science Project of the Institute for Basic Science funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning and the National Research Foundation of Korea.
The rare isotope science project (RISP) under development in Korea aims to provide various heavy-ion beams for nuclear and applied science users. A pre-stripper linac is the first superconducting section to be constructed for the acceleration of both stable and radioisotope beams to the energy of 18.5 Mev/u with a DC equivalent voltage of 160 MV. The current baseline design consists of an ECR ion source, an RFQ, cryomodules with QWR and HWR cavities and quadruple focusing magnets in the warm sections between cryomodules. Recently we have developed an alternative design in collaboration with Argonne's Linac Development Group to layout the linac based on state-of-the-art ANL's QWR operating at 81.25 MHz and multi-cavity cryomodules of the type used for the ATLAS upgrade and Fermilab PIP-II projects. End-to-end beam dynamics calculations have been performed to ensure an optimized design with no beam losses. The numbers of required cavities and cryomodules are significantly reduced in the alternative design. The results of beam optics simulations and error sensitivity studies are discussed. 		 
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MOPM4P01 Challenges and Performance of the C-ADS Injector System rfq, proton, cavity, operation 36
 
  • Y.L. Chi
    IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  
  Along with the rapid development of nuclear power plants in China, treatment of the nuclear waste has become a crucial issue. Supported by the "Strategic Priority Research Program" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), The Chinese ADS project is now on-going based on the collaboration of several Chinese institutions. In the end of year 2015, China Initiative ADS (CIADS) program is approved by Chinese government, will construct in the Guangdong province south part of China. The proton accelerator of Chinese ADS is a superconducting CW linear accelerator. Its energy is 1.5GeV, with beam current of 10mA. Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) and Institute of Modern Physics (IMP) are responsible to developing this superconducting CW linear accelerator. In the injector part there are many challenges to developing several different low beta superconducting cavities and related hardware’s such like LLRF system etc. In this paper presents the progress of two different injector development including SC cavities and related hardware’s and performance test of two injectors and key hardware’s, and also brief introduction of CIADS program.  
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MOPR006 Design of the 230MeV Proton Accelerator for Xi'an Proton Application Facility proton, synchrotron, extraction, injection 55
 
  • H.J. Yao, H.B. Chen, C. Cheng, C.T. Du, L. Du, T.B. Du, X. Guan, W.-H. Huang, H. Jiang, G.R. Li, C.-X. Tang, R. Tang, D. Wang, W. Wang, X.W. Wang, L. Wu, Q.Z. Xing, Y. Yang, Z. Yang, H.J. Zeng, H.Y. Zhang, Q. Zhang, Q.Z. Zhang, S.X. Zheng
    TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  • W. Chen
    NINT, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
  • W.Q. Guan, Y. He, J. Li
    NUCTECH, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  • S.-Y. Lee
    Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
  • M.T. Qiu, B.C. Wang, Y.P. Wang, Z.M. Wang, Y.H. Yan, H.Z. Zhang, C. Zhao
    State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Shannxi, People's Republic of China
  
  We report a design of the 230 MeV proton accelera-tor, the Xi’an Proton Application Facility (XiPAF), which will be located in Xi’an city, China. The facility will provide proton beam with the maximum energy of 230 MeV for the research of the single event effect. The facility, composed of a 230 MeV synchrotron, a 7 MeV H− linac injector and two experimental stations, will provide a flux of 105~108 p/cm2/s with the uni-formity of better than 90% on the 10 cm×10 cm sample.  
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MOPR017 Status of the Beam Instrumentation System of CSNS DTL, neutron, rfq, emittance 95
 
  • J.L. Sun, J. Peng, R.Y. Qiu, T. Yang
    CSNS, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
  • W.L. Huang, F. Li, P. Li, M. Meng, J.M. Tian, T.G. Xu, Zh.H. Xu, L. Zeng
    IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  
  The first section DTL commissioning of China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) project has been successful finished in January, 2016. The H− beam can be accelerated to 21.6 MeV at peak current 18 mA, achieved the design point. Different elements of the beam instrumentation system have been tested during the commissioning, including BPM, CT, FCT, WS, EM, BLM, and corresponding electronics and control systems. High accuracy phase measurement (precision @ ±1°) system has been started into operation. Beam loss monitor (BLM) for low energy, 3 MeV to 21.6 MeV, has been tested too, and got very positive results. For the LRBT, RCS and RTBT, different type wire scanner, BPM, WCM, CT were designed. The monitors fit for the high-radiation environments were considered. All the physical design work has been finished, and being manufactured. Lab test will be started in June and the LINAC commissioning (beam energy up to 80 MeV) will be started in August.  
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MOPR018 XAL Applications Development for CSNS Transport Lines database, interface, controls, emittance 98
 
  • Y. Li, Z.P. Li, W.B. Liu
    IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  • J. Peng
    CSNS, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
  
  XAL is an application programming framework initially developed at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS). It has been employed as a part of control system via con-nection to EPICS to provide application programs for beam commissioning at the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). Several XAL-based applications have been developed for Beam Transport line at CSNS and successfully applied in the MEBT and DTL-1 beam commissioning. These applications will be discussed in this paper.  
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MOPR021 Overview of the ESSnuSB Accumulator Ring emittance, injection, space-charge, simulation 105
 
  • M. Olvegård, T.J.C. Ekelöf
    Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
  • E. Benedetto, M. Cieslak-Kowalska, M. Martini, H.O. Schönauer, E.H.M. Wildner
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  
  The European Spallation Source (ESS) is a research center based on the world’s most powerful proton driver, 2.0 GeV, 5 MW on target, currently under construction in Lund. With an increased pulse frequency, the ESS linac could deliver additional beam pulses to a neutrino target, thus giving an excellent opportunity to produce a high-performance ESS neutrino Super-Beam (ESSnuSB). The focusing system surrounding the neutrino target requires short proton pulses. An accumulator ring and acceleration of an H− beam in the linac for charge-exchange injection into the accumulator could provide such short pulses. In this paper we present an overview of the work with optimizing the accumulator design and the challenges of injecting and storing 1.1015 protons per pulse from the linac. In particular, particle tracking simulations with space charge will be described.  
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MOPL004 Beam Dynamics Simulations and Code Comparison for a New CW RFQ Design rfq, simulation, space-charge, focusing 188
 
  • S.M. Polozov, W.A. Barth, T. Kulevoy, S. Yaramyshev
    MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
  • W.A. Barth, S. Yaramyshev
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
  • W.A. Barth
    HIM, Mainz, Germany
  • T. Kulevoy
    ITEP, Moscow, Russia
  
  Research and development of CW applications is an important step in RFQ design. The RF potential should be limited by 1.3-1.5 of Kilpatrick criterion for the CW mode. A 2 MeV RFQ is under development for the compact CW research proton accelerator, as well as for planned driver linac* in Russia. The maximum beam current is fixed to10 mA; the operating frequency has been set to 162 MHz. The new RFQ linac design will be presented and beam dynamics simulation results will be discussed. Calculations of beam dynamics are provided using the codes BEAMDULAC (developed at MEPhI for linac design) and DYNAMION. A comparison of the software performance is presented.
* A.Y. Aksentyev, T.V. Kulevoy, S.M. Polozov. Proc. of IPAC’14, pp. 3286-3288. 		 
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MOPL005 The Simulation Study of Beam Dynamics for CSNS Linac During Beam Commissioning emittance, DTL, simulation, rfq 192
 
  • Y. Yuan, H.F. Ji, S. Wang
    IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  • J. Peng
    CSNS, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
  
  China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is a high intensity accelerator based facility. Its accelerator consists of an H− injector and a proton Rapid Cycling Synchrotron. The injector includes the front end and linac. The RFQ accelerates the beam to 3MeV, and then the Drift Tube Linac (DTL) accelerates it to 80MeV[1]. An Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) matches RFQ and DTL, and the DTL consists of four tanks. Commissioning of the MEBT and the first DTL tank (DTL1) have been accomplished in the last run. Due to the difference of actual effective length and theoretical effective length of magnets in MEBT and DTL1, in order to compare its impact of beam transport, this paper takes a beam dynamics simulation on beam transport in MEBT and DTL1 with IMPACT-Z code[2]. Meanwhile, the transport of beam with different emittance in MEBT and DTL1 is studied because of the large emittance at RFQ exit. All the simulation includes magnet error and RF error.  
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MOPL007 Beam Steering Studies for the Superconducting Linac of the RAON Accelerator quadrupole, GUI, simulation, lattice 199
 
  • H. Jin, J.-H. Jang, D. Jeon
    IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
  
  The RAON accelerator of Rare Isotope Science Project (RISP) has been developed to accelerate various kinds of stable ion beams and rare isotope beams for a wide range of science experiments. In the RAON accelerator, the superconducting linac (SCL) will be installed for the acceleration of the beams and it is composed of tens of cryomodules which include superconducting radio frequency cavities. Between two cryomodules, there is a warm section and two quadrupoles are located in the warm section with a beam diagnostics box in between. Also, in this warm section, one horizontal corrector and one beam position monitor (BPM) are mounted inside of first quadrupole, and one vertical corrector is located inside of second quadrupole for the beam steering. With these correctors and BPMs, the beam steering studies are carried out as varying the number of correctors and BPMs in the SCL of the RAON accelerator and the results are presented.  
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MOPL010 ESSnuSB Project to Produce Intense Beams of Neutrinos and Muons proton, target, detector, injection 207
 
  • E. Bouquerel
    IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
  
  Funding: This project is now supported by the COST Action CA15139 "Combining forces for a novel European facility for neutrino-antineutrino symmetry-violation discovery" (EuroNuNet).
A new project for the production of a very intense neutrino beam has arisen to enable the discovery of a leptonic CP violation. This facility will use the world’s most intense pulsed spallation neutron source, the European Spallation Source (ESS) under construction in Lund. Its linac is expected to be fully operational at 5 MW power by 2023, using 2 GeV protons. In addition to the neutrinos, the ESSnuSB proposed facility will produce a copious number of muons at the same time. These muons could be used by a future Neutrino Factory to study a possible CP violation in the leptonic sector and neutrino cross-sections. They could also be used by a muon collider or a low energy nuSTORM. The layout of such a facility, consisting in the upgrade of the linac, the use of an accumulator ring, a target/horn system and a megaton Water Cherenkov neutrino detector, is presented. The physics potential is also described. 		 
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MOPL015 Effect of Beam Losses on Wire Scanner Scintillator Readout, Hypothesis and Preliminary Results detector, simulation, quadrupole, beam-losses 216
 
  • B. Cheymol
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
  
  In hadron accelerators, the characterization of the beam transverse halo can lead to a better understanding of the beam dynamics and ultimately to a reduction of the beam losses. Unfortunately the effect of losses on beam instrumentation implies a reduction of the instrument sensitivity due to the background noise. In this paper, we will discuss the effect of losses on the wire scanner scintillator foreseen for the ESS linac, in particular the different hypothesis for the input will be described and preliminary results will be presented.  
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MOPL016 Effects of Energy Deposition Models and Conductive Cooling on Wire Scanner Thermal Load, Analytical and Finite Element Analysis Approach radiation, simulation, operation, insertion 221
 
  • B. Cheymol
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
  
  One of the main limitations of the wire scanner in high intensity linac is the inability of the wire to survive at high duty cycle. For the commissioning of such machines, duty cycle must be reduced to preserve interceptive devices. A good thermal model of the wire is needed to insure a safe operation of the wire scanner and set the limits of acceptable beam duty cycle. In this paper, we will discuss the influence of the energy deposition model and the efficiency of conductive cooling on the wire temperature, based on the ESS beam parameters.  
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MOPL018 Scintillator Detectors for the ESS High Energy Wire Scanner detector, radiation, simulation, photon 232
 
  • B. Cheymol
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
  
  In the ESS linac, during commissioning and restart phase, wire scanner will be used intensively to characterize the transverse beam profiles. At low energy, the mode of detection is based on Secondary Emission (SE), while at energies above 200 MeV, the primary mode of detection will be the measurement of the hadronic shower created in the thin wire. In this paper we will present the design and the output signal estimation of the shower detector, based on inorganic crystal and silicon photodetector.  
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MOPL020 Online Measurement of the Energy Spread of Multi-Turn Beam in the Fermilab Booster at Injection booster, injection, software, kicker 237
 
  • C.M. Bhat, B. Hendricks
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  • J.J. Nelson
    Brown University, Providence, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. De-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy
Abstract: We have developed a computer program interfaced with the ACNET environment for Fermilab accelerators to measure energy spread of the proton beam from the LINAC at an injection kinetic energy of 400 MeV. It uses a digitizing oscilloscope and provides the user the ability to configure scope settings for optimal data acquisition from a resistive wall monitor. When the program is launched, it secures complete control of the scope. Subsequently, a special “one-shot” timeline is generated to initiate the beam injection into the Booster. After the completion of the beam injection from the LINAC, a gap of about 40 ns is produced in the Booster beam using a set of kickers and line-charge distribution data is collected for next 200 μs. The program then analyzes the data to extract the gap width, beam revolution period and beam energy spread. We illustrate a case with an example. We also present results on beam energy spread as a function of beam intensity from a recent measurement.
Author would like to thank S. Chaurize, C. Drennan, W. Pellico, K. Seiya, T. Sullivan and K. Triplett 		 
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MOPL025 Transient Beam Loading Based Calibration for Cavity Phase and Amplitude Setting cavity, beam-loading, controls, resonance 250
 
  • R. Zeng
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
  • O. Troeng
    Lund University, Lund, Sweden
  
  Traditional phase scan method for cavity phase and amplitude setting is offline and hard to track the variations of environment and operation points. An alternative beam loading based calibration method is investigated in this paper, which might become useful online/real time calibration method.  
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TUPM3X01 R&D on Beam Injection and Bunching Schemes in the Fermilab Booster booster, injection, emittance, simulation 293
 
  • C.M. Bhat
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. De-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy
Fermilab is committed to upgrade its accelerator complex towards the intensity frontier by making a substantial increase in the average beam power delivered to the neutrino and muon programs pursuing HEP research in the lepton sector. Proton Improvement Plan (PIP) enables us to provide 700 kW beam power by the end of this year. By the middle of next decade, the foreseen PIP–II replaces the existing LINAC, a 400 MeV injector to the Booster, by an 800 MeV superconducting LINAC with beam power increased by >50%. In any case, the Fermilab Booster, an 8 GeV injector to the MI, is going to play a very significant role for the next two decades. In this context, we have recently developed an innovative beam injection scheme for the Booster called "early injection scheme" and put into operation. This novel scheme has a potential to increase the Booster beam intensity from the PIP design goal by ~40%. Some benefits of the scheme have already been seen so far. In this talk, I will present, principle of the scheme, results from beam experiments, current status and future plans for the early beam injection scheme. This scheme fits well with the current and future programs at Fermilab.
Author would like to thank S. Chaurize, C. Drennan, F. Garcia, B. Hendrick, W. Pellico, K. Seiya, T. Sullivan, K. Triplett and A. Waller, 		 
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TUAM3Y01 Beam Dynamics Challenges in the ESS Linac rfq, lattice, cryomodule, DTL 315
 
  • Y.I. Levinsen, R. De Prisco, M. Eshraqi, R. Miyamoto, M. Muñoz, A. Ponton
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
  
  The European Spallation Source will be the worlds brightest neutron source. It will be driven by a 5~MW proton linac that delivers a 2.86~ms pulse at 14~Hz, which means the peak beam power is 125~MW. This requires a careful design of the lattice structures in order to allow for safe and reliable operation of the accelerator. We will discuss some of the design choices and some of the particular challenges that were faced during the design of the ESS lattice.  
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TUPM2Y01 Beam Commissioning Results for the CSNS MEBT and DTL-1 DTL, emittance, rfq, cavity 329
 
  • J. Peng, M.T. Li, X.H. Lu
    CSNS, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
  • Y.W. An, S. Fu, L. Huang, M.Y. Huang, Y. Li, Z.P. Li, Y.D. Liu, S. Wang, S.Y. Xu, Y. Yuan
    IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  
  The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is designed to deliver a 1.6GeV proton beam to a solid metal target for neutron scattering research. It will be constructed in two phases. In the 1st phase, the beam power is designed to be 100kW. In the 2nd phase, the beam power will be upgraded to 500kW by doubling the linac output energy and beam current. The accelerator complex consists of a 50keV H− ion source, a 3MeV Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ), a 80MeV Drift tube Linac (DTL), and a 1.6GeV rapid-cycling synchrotron (RCS). Until March 2016, the front end and the first tank of DTL have been fully commissioned. The primary design goals of peak current, transverse emittance and beam energy have been achieved. This paper reports on the methods and the results of the commissioning.  
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TUPM5Y01 ESS Linac Plans for Commissioning and Initial Operations rfq, target, quadrupole, dipole 342
 
  • R. Miyamoto, M. Eshraqi, M. Muñoz
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
  
  Beam commissioning of the proton linac of the European Spallation Source (ESS) is planned to be conducted in 2018 and 2019. At this stage, the last 21 cryomodules are not yet installed and the maximum beam energy and power are 570 MeV and 1.4 MW, with respect to the nominal 2 GeV and 5 MW. The linac will be operated in this condition until the remaining cyromodules are installed in two stages in 2021 and 2022. On top of the common challenges of beam dynamics and machine protection, commissioning of a large scale machine, such as the ESS linac within a relatively short integrated time of less than 40 weeks imposes an additional challenge to the scheduling and planning. This paper lays out the current plans of the ESS linac for its beam commissioning as well as the initial operation.  
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WEAM4X01 Numerical Modeling of Fast Beam Ion Instabilities ion, simulation, electron, damping 368
 
  • L. Mether, G. Iadarola, G. Rumolo
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  
  The fast beam ion instability may pose a risk to the operation of future electron accelerators with beams of high intensity and small emittances, including several structures of the proposed CLIC accelerator complex. Numerical models can be used to identify necessary vacuum specifications to suppress the instability, as well as requirements for a possible feedback system. Vacuum requirements imposed by the instability have previously been estimated for linear CLIC structures, using the strong-strong macroparticle simulation tool FASTION. Currently, efforts are being made to improve the simulation tools, and allow for equivalent studies of circular structures, such as the CLIC damping rings, on a multi-turn scale. In this contribution, we review the recent code developments, and present first simulation results.  
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WEAM6X01 Studies of High Intensity Proton FFAGs at RAL injection, proton, emittance, lattice 379
 
  • C.R. Prior
    STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
  
  The paper describes studies of high intensity proton accelerators for a next-generation source of short-pulse spallation neutrons. Along with conventional designs using rapid cycling synchrotrons, the long-term nature of the project provides scope for novel accelerator designs and developing technological ideas. A range of FFAG options is under consideration for the main spallation driver. Theory and simulation in the UK are combined with experimental studies of FFAGs in Japan, and a small prototype FFAG ring is planned to go on the FETS injector at RAL for essential R&D. The paper covers the broad scope of the programme and details the success of the study to date.  
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WEPM1X01 Performance of Linac-4 Instrumentation During Commissioning emittance, laser, DTL, cavity 385
 
  • U. Raich
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  
  Linac-4 is CERN’s new H− Linac, which will replace the aging Linac-2 proton machine. Linac-4 is being built and commissioned in stages. While the machine is permanently equipped with the standard beam instrumentation necessary to ensure smooth operation, three dedicated measurement benches have also been designed to commission the source and LEBT at 45 keV, the MEBT and its chopper at 3 MeV as well as the first DTL tank at 12 MeV and finally the full DTL at 50 MeV and CCDTL at 100 MeV. The beam after the PIMS structures at the Linac’s full energy of 160 MeV will be sent to a beam dump and commissioned with permanently installed instruments. Installation and commissioning of the machine up to the CCDTL is now complete. This contribution will present the results from the various commissioning stages, showing the performance of the various diagnostic devices used and comparing the data obtained to simulations.  
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WEAM2Y01 Overview of the CSNS Linac LLRF and Operational Experiences During Beam Commissioning LLRF, controls, cavity, FPGA 409
 
  • Z.C. Mu
    IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  • J. Li, M.F. Liu, L.Y. Rong, M.L. Wan, B. Wang, Z.X. Xie, X.A. Xu, Y. Yao, Z. Zhang, W. Zhou
    CSNS, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
  
  The CSNS Linac is comprised of RFQ, two Buncher cavities, four DTL accelerators and one Debuncher cavity. The RFQ accelerator is powered by two 4616 vacuum tubes, the maximum output power of each tube is 350kW. Three 25kW solid state amplifiers supply RF power for two Buncher cavities and the Debuncher cavity, repectively. The RF power sources of four DTL accelerators are four 3MW klystrons. Each RF power source owns a set of digital LLRF control system in order to realize an accelerating field stability of ±1% in amplitude and ±1° in phase. The front four LLRF control systems have been used in the beam commissioning of CSNS Linac from the end of 2015. This paper will introduce the design and the performance of the LLRF control system.  
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WEAM3Y01 Present Status of the High Current Linac at Tsinghua University and Its Application proton, rfq, neutron, target 413
 
  • Q.Z. Xing, D.T. Bin, C. Cheng, C.T. Du, L. Du, T.B. Du, X. Guan, Q.K. Guo, H. Jiang, C.-X. Tang, R. Tang, D. Wang, X.W. Wang, L. Wu, H.Y. Zhang, Q.Z. Zhang, S.X. Zheng
    TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  • W.Q. Guan, Y. He, J. Li
    NUCTECH, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  
  The CPHS (Compact Pulsed Hadron Source) linac at Tsinghua University, is now in operation as an achievement of its mid-term objective. Presently the RFQ accelerator is operated stably with the beam energy of 3 MeV, peak current of 26 mA, pulse length of 100 μs and repetition rate of 20 Hz. After the maintenance period the transmission rate of the RFQ accelerator has been recovered from 65% to 91%. The application of the proton and neutron beam is introduced in this paper.  
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WEAM4Y01 Design and Prototyping of the Spoke Cyromodule for ESS cavity, cryomodule, cryogenics, vacuum 416
 
  • P. Duthil, S. Bousson, S. Brault, F. Chatelet, P. Duchesne, N. Gandolfo, D. Longuevergne, G. Olry, M. Pierens, E. Rampnoux, D. Reynet
    IPN, Orsay, France
  • C. Darve, N. Elias
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
  
  A cryomodule integrating two superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) double Spoke cavities and their RF power couplers is now being assembled at IPNO. It is the prototype version of the 13 future cryomodules composing a 56 meters long double Spoke section which will be operated for the first time in a linear accelerator (linac) for the European Spallation Source (ESS). ESS will be the most powerful neutron source feeding multidisplinary researches. This cryomodule provides the cryogenic environment for operating the two '=0.5 cavities at full power in a saturated superfluid helium bath at a temperature of 2 K. Thermally and magnetically shielded, they will each be fed by a 352 MHz electromagnetic wave, with a peak power of 400 kW, to generate an accelerating pulsed field of 9MV/m. For this operation, the prototype cryomodules includes all the interfaces with RF, cryogenics, vacuum, beam pipe and diagnostics. It will be tested by 2016 at IPNO by use of a test valve box which is also a prototype of the future Spoke cryogenic distribution system, another contribution to ESS. Both prototypes will then be tested at full power at Uppsala university FREIA facilities.  
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WEPM1Y01 Emittance Reconstruction Techniques in Presence of Space Charge Applied During the Linac4 Beam Commissioning emittance, space-charge, diagnostics, DTL 433
 
  • V.A. Dimov, J.-B. Lallement, A.M. Lombardi
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • R. Gaur
    RRCAT, Indore, India
  
  The classical emittance reconstruction technique, based on analytic calculations using transfer matrices and beam profile measurements, is reliable only if the emittance is conserved and the space charge forces are negligible in the beamline between the reconstruction and measurement points. The effects of space charge forces prevent this method from giving sound results up to a relativistic beta of about 0.5 and make it inapplicable to the Linac4 commissioning at 50 and 100 MeV. To compensate for this drawback we have developed a dedicated technique, the forward method, which extends the classical method by combining it with an iterative process of multiparticle tracking including space charge forces. The forward method, complemented with a tomographic reconstruction routine, has been applied to transverse and longitudinal emittance reconstruction during the Linac4 beam commissioning. In this paper we describe the reconstruction process and its application during Linac4 beam commissioning.  
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WEPM2Y01 Model Benchmark With Experiment at the SNS Linac cavity, lattice, laser, space-charge 439
 
  • A.P. Shishlo, A.V. Aleksandrov, M.A. Plum
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
  • Y. Liu
    ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
  
  Funding: ORNL/SNS is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725.
The history of attempts to perform a transverse matching in the SNS superconducting linac (SCL) is discussed. The SCL has 9 laser wire (LW) stations to perform nondestructive measurements of the transverse beam profiles. Any matching starts with the measurement of the initial Twiss parameters which in the SNS case was done by using the first four LW stations at the beginning of the superconducting linac. For years the consistency between all LW stations data could not be achieved. This problem was resolved only after significant improvements in accuracy of the phase scans of the SCL cavities, more precise analysis of all available scan data, better optics planning, and the initial longitudinal Twiss parameters measurements. The presented paper discusses in details these developed procedures. 		 
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WEPM4Y01 HPSim - Advanced Online Modeling for Proton Linacs simulation, controls, DTL, GPU 444
 
  • L. Rybarcyk
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
  
  High-power proton linacs seek to operate with low and stable losses. This aspect is carefully evaluated with multi-particle beam dynamics codes during the design stage. However, it is just as important to evaluate the performance of the actual operating linac, which is typically more tedious and complicated when using these same design codes. To improve this situation, we have developed a high-performance, multi-particle online modeling tool, HPSim, with the goal of providing near real-time simulation results for our 800-MeV proton linac at Los Alamos. This presentation will cover the motivation, code features, benefits and applications.  
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THAM2X01 The Operation Experience at KOMAC target, operation, DTL, ion 468
 
  • Y.-S. Cho, H.S. Kim, K. R. Kim, H.-J. Kwon, Y.G. Song
    Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
  • K.Y. Kim
    KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea
  
  Funding: This work was supported by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning of the Korean Government.
A 100-MeV proton linac at the KOMAC (Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex) is composed of a 50-keV microwave ion source, a 3-MeV four-vane-type RFQ, a 100-MeV DTL and 10 target stations for proton irradiation on samples from many application fields. The linac was commissioned in 2013 and the user service started in July 2013 with delivering proton beam to two target stations: one for a 20-MeV beam and the other for a 100-MeV beam. In 2015, the linac has been operated more than 2,800 hours with an availability of greater than 89%. The unscheduled downtime was about 73 hours, mainly due to problems of ion source arcing and failures of pulsed high-voltage power system. More than 2,100 samples from various fields such as materials science, bio-life and nano technology and nuclear science, were treated in 2015. Currently, a new target station for radioisotope production is under commissioning and a new target station for low-flux irradiation experiments is being installed. Operational experiences of the 100-MeV linac during the past 3 years will be presented in the workshop. 		 
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THPM4X01 Resonances and Envelope Instability in High Intensity Linear Accelerators resonance, lattice, space-charge, emittance 491
 
  • D. Jeon, J.-H. Jang, H. Jin
    IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
  
  Funding: This work was supported by the Institute for Basic Science funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (MSIP) and the NRF of Korea under Contract 2013M7A1A1075764.
Understanding of space charge effects has grown and recent studies have led to the findings of resonances of high intensity linear accelerators. Lately the sixth order resonance of high intensity linear accelerators was reported, along with the in-depth studies on the fourth order resonance and the envelope instability. Experiment studies on space charge resonances were reported. This paper reviews the resonances of high intensity linear accelerators such as the 4σ =360deg, and the 6σ =720deg resonances, along with the envelope instability. 		 
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THAM1Y01 Beam Commissioning of C-ADS Linac Instrumentation rfq, emittance, instrumentation, cavity 529
 
  • Y.F. Sui, J.S. Cao, J. He, H.Z. Ma, L. Wang, S.J. Wei, Q. Ye, L. Yu, J.H. Yue, X.Y. Zhao, Y. Zhao
    IHEP, People's Republic of China
  
  Funding: Work supported by China ADS Project (XDA03020000) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NO. 11205172, NO. 11475204).
The China Accelerator Driven Subcritical system (C-ADS) linac, which is composed of an ECR ion source, a low energy beam transport line (LEBT), a radio frequency quadrupole accelerator (RFQ), a medium energy beam transport line (MEBT) and cryomodules with SRF cavities to boost the energy up to 10 MeV. The injector linac will be equipped with beam diagnostics to measure the beam position, the transverse profile and emittance, the beam phase as well as beam current and beam losses. Though many are conventional design, They can provide efficient operation of drive linac. This paper gives an overview and detail in beam commissioning of C-ADS linac beam instrumentation. 		 
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THAM3Y01 R&D on Micro-Loss Monitors for High Intensity Linacs like LIPAc neutron, SRF, beam-losses, cavity 538
 
  • J. Marroncle, P. Abbon, A. Marchix
    CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
  • M. Pomorski
    CEA/DRT/LIST, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
  
  Before approaching the micro-loss monitor concept, we propose to present the high intensity Linac for which the R&D program was done, LIPAc (Linear IFIMIF Prototype Accelerator). This later is the feasibility accelerator demonstrator for the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF). IFMIF aims at providing a very intense neutron source (1018 neutron/m2/s) to test materials for the future fusion reactors, beyond ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor). LIPAc (1.125 MW deuteron beam) is in installation progress at Rokkasho (Japan). Then, we will focus on the feasibility study of the beam optimization inside the SRF Linac part. Commissioning of such high beam intensity has to be done with a different approach based on detection of micro-losses, CVD diamonds, set inside the cryomodule linac.  
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THAM5Y01 Path to Beam Loss Reduction in the SNS Linac Using Measurements, Simulation and Collimation emittance, optics, collimation, operation 548
 
  • A.V. Aleksandrov, A.P. Shishlo
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
  
  Funding: SNS is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U.S. Department of Energy.
The SNS linac operation at its design average power currently is not limited by uncontrolled beam loss. However, further reduction of the beam loss remains an important aspect of the SNS linac tune up and operation. Even small “acceptable” beam loss leads to long term degradation of the accelerator equipment. The current state of model-based tuning at SNS leaves an unacceptably large residual beam loss level and has to be followed by an empirical, sometimes random, adjustment of many parameters to reduce the loss. This talk will discuss a set of coordinated efforts to develop tools for large dynamic range measurements, simulation and collimation in order to facilitate low loss linac tuning. 		 
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THAM6Y01 Simulations and Detector Technologies for the Beam Loss Monitoring System at the ESS Linac detector, simulation, DTL, neutron 553
 
  • I. Dolenc Kittelmann, T.J. Shea
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
  
  The European Spallation Source (ESS), which is currently under construction, will be a neutron source based on 5 MW, 2 GeV superconducting proton linac. Among other beam instrumentation systems, this high intensity linac requires a Beam Loss Monitoring (BLM) system. An important function of the BLM system is to protect the linac from beam-induced damage by detecting unacceptably high beam loss and promptly inhibiting beam production. In addition to protection functionality, the system is expected to provide the means to monitor the beam losses during all modes of operation with the aim to avoid excessive machine activation. This paper focuses on the plans and recent results of the beam loss studies based on Monte Carlo simulations in order to refine the ESS BLM detector requirements by providing the estimations on expected particle fluxes and their spectra at detector locations. Furthermore, the planned detector technologies for the ESS BLM system will be presented.  
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THPM5Y01 Design and Beam Dynamics Studies of a Multi-Ion Linac Injector for the JLEIC Ion Complex ion, rfq, light-ion, DTL 559
 
  • P.N. Ostroumov, Z.A. Conway, B. Mustapha, A.S. Plastun
    ANL, Argonne, USA
  
  Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics, under contract number DE-AC02-06CH11357.
The electron-ion collider being developed at JLAB requires a new ion accelerator complex which includes a linac capable of delivering any ion beam from hydrogen to lead to the booster. We are currently developing a linac which consists of several ion sources, a normal conducting (NC) front end, up to 5 MeV/u, and a SC section for energies > 5 MeV/u. The development work is focused on beam dynamics and electrodynamics studies to design efficient and cost-effective accelerating structures for both the NC and SC sections of the linac. Currently we are considering two RFQs following either heavy-ion sources or light-ion sources including polarized beams, and several different types of NC accelerating structures downstream of the RFQ. Quarter-wave and half-wave resonators can be effectively used in the SC section. 		 
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THPM9Y01 An Advanced Procedure for Longitudinal Beam Matching for SC CW Heavy Ion Linac With Variable Output Energy cavity, ion, emittance, acceleration 571
 
  • S. Yaramyshev, W.A. Barth, V. Gettmann, M. Heilmann, S. Mickat, M. Miski-Oglu
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
  • K. Aulenbacher, W.A. Barth, V. Gettmann, S. Mickat, M. Miski-Oglu
    HIM, Mainz, Germany
  • K. Aulenbacher
    IKP, Mainz, Germany
  • W.A. Barth, S. Yaramyshev
    MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
  • M. Heilmann
    IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
  
  A multi-stage programm for the developmnet of a heavy ion superconducting (SC) continuous wave (CW) linac is in progress at HIM (Mainz, Germany), GSI (Darmstadt, Germany) and IAP (Frankfurt, Germany). The main beam acceleration is provided by up to nine multi-gap CH cavities. Due to variable beam energy, which coud be provided by each cavity separate, a longitudinal beam matching to each cavity is extremely important. The linac should provide the beam for physics experiments, smothly varying the output particle energy from 3.5 to 7.3 MeV/u, simultaneously keeping high beam quality. A dedicated algorythm for such a complicate matching, providing for the optimum machine settings (voltage and rf phase for each cavity), has been developed. The description of method and the obtained reasuts are discussed in this paper.  
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