13 Medical and industrial applications
Paper Title Page
WEX01 Development of Accelerator Facilities at FSUE SSC RF – IPPE 120
 
  • V. Romanov, S.V. Bazhal, K.A. Řežvykh
    IPPE, Obninsk, Russia
  
  There is a short overview and performed work of FSUE "SSC RF – IPPE" accelerator facilities presented in this paper. This work is reviewed in terms of application in nuclear science and technology. There are some of received results and prospect of accelerator facilities development described.  
slides icon Slides WEX01 [0.976 MB]  
 
WEX02
 Activities on Proton Radiography at ITEP  
 
  • A. Golubev, A.V. Kantsyrev
    ITEP, Moscow, Russia
  • A. Golubev
    MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
  
  The first activity on proton beam application to radiography was started about 45 years ago. Success of proton radiography was based on main characteristics the thickness of transmitted object, a spatial resolution which were significantly better then for X-ray. The possibility of the experiments executed according to the scheme "proton-object-detector" are limited with proton multiple scattering in object. In the end of 90-s in the USA it was shown that negative effects of multiple scattering could be suppressed by placing a system of magnetic lenses between an object and detector. Area of application for radiographic setup with protons becomes wider in comparison with traditional X-ray system. Use of proton radiography it becomes possible to study dynamic objects as protons could be removed from the accelerator by short pulses. In Russia first experiments on radiography with accelerated charged hadrons were carried out on the TWAC-ITEP accelerator facility in 2003. In those experiments a beam of carbon ions with energy of 200MeV/u without a magneto-optical system was used for radiographic purpose. From 2005 at ITEP operated the proton radiography facility using the magneto-optical system with different parameter of magnification "-1", "-4" and "-8". The review of the experimental activity on proton radiography аt ITEP is presented.  
slides icon Slides WEX02 [5.201 MB]  
 
WEX03 Production of Accelerating Equipment for Nuclear Medicine in NIIEFA. Potentialities and Prospects 125
 
  • M.F. Vorogushin, Yu.N. Gavrish, A.P. Strokach
    NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia
  
  The D.V.Efremov Institute (NIIEFA) is the leader in Russia in designing and manufacturing of the accelerating equipment for medicine. About one hundred of linear accelerators for the beam therapy and more than forty cyclotrons for production of radiopharmaceuticals have been designed, manufactured and delivered to clinics of Russia and some foreign countries. The equipment designed and manufactured in NIIEFA in its technical characteristics is on a par with foreign analogs and sufficiently cheaper in expenditures for personnel training, hardware and software compatibility, warranty and post-warranty service, delivery of spare parts and updating. In accordance with Federal Targeted Programs on the development of medical and pharmaceutical industries up to 2020, the production facilities, material and technical resources have been prepared for the organization of serial production of cyclotrons and gamma tomographs.  
slides icon Slides WEX03 [0.901 MB]  
 
WEX04
 Radionuclide Production by High Intensity Proton Irradiation at the INR Linear Accelerator  
 
  • S.V. Ermolaev, A. Feschenko, O.V. Grekhov, Yu.V. Kiselev, V.M. Kokhanyuk, L.V. Kravchuk, A.N. Mirzojan, V.A. Moiseev, V.L. Serov, A.K. Skasyrskaya, B. Zhuikov
    RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia
  
  The INR linear accelerator provides a high intensity beam of intermediate-energy protons for both applied and fundamental research. The beam at 160 MeV can be extracted from the main line and delivered to an isotope production facility. Specially designed targets are irradiated at the facility to produce Curie amounts of various radionuclides for medicine and industry, namely, 82Sr, 103Pd, 117mSn, 225Ac, 223Ra, 109Cd, 22Na. Production rate of radionuclide is usually limited by the ability of target to sustain the high intensity beam. Targetry development comprises: - Choice of target material with appropriate nuclear (cross-section of a desired radionuclide) and thermal physics (thermal conductivity, heat capacity) properties, as well as material for target encapsulation; - Analysis of interaction of proton beam with target material. Parameters of beam, cooling water, and other factors are being investigated to result in tentative geometric parameters of target. Spatial-energetic degradation of beam is evaluated by a Monte Carlo code STRAGL*; - Simulation of temperature generated in the target due to heat release of protons. Computations are performed by means of the software complex ANSYS; - Fabrication and irradiation of experimental targets; control of target integrity during irradiation and after it via monitoring the electroconductivity and radioactive impurities of cooling water, visual inspection of target, etc., optimization of target design for routine production.
* A.V. Dementyev, N.M. Sobolevsky, Radiation Measurements, 1999; v.30, p.553. 		 
slides icon Slides WEX04 [4.515 MB]  
 
WECA01
 Accelerator Produced Radioisotopes for Targeted Alpha Therapy (TAT) for Cancer  
 
  • G.P. Melville
    Macquarie University, North Ryde, Australia
  
  Production of Actinium-225 for TAT Radium needles that were once implanted into tumours as a cancer treatment are now obsolete and constitute a radioactive waste problem, as their half-life is 1600 years. The reduction of radium by photonuclear transmutation by bombarding Ra-226 with high-energy photons from a medical linac has been investigated. A linac dose of 2800 Gy produced about 50 mCi of Ra-225, which decays to Ac-225, and can then be used for ‘Targeted Alpha Therapy’ (TAT) of cancer. This result, while consistent with theoretical calculations, is far too low to be of practical use. The increasing application of Ac-225 for cancer therapy indicates the potential need for its increased production and availability. This presentation investigates the production of Ac-225 in commercial quantities, which could potentially reduce obsolete radioactive material, and displace the need for expensive importation of Ac-225 from the USA in the years ahead. Scaled up production of Ac-225 could be achieved by the use of a high current cyclotron or high-power linac. Production specifications are determined for a linac in terms of current, pulse length and frequency. Yields are compared with those calculated for the Australian National Cyclotron in Sydney.  
 
WECA02 Radiobiological Research with Charged Particles Beams in ITEP 128
 
  • N.V. Markov, A. Golubev, A.V. Kantsyrev, I. Roudskoy
    ITEP, Moscow, Russia
  • A. Golubev
    MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
  
  Radiobiological researches with heavy ions have been started at ITEP in 2006 on unique heavy ion accelerating facility ITEP-TWAC. The main purpose of these researches is study of the biological efficiency of carbon ions for different types of biological objects, such as tumor and normal cells, in the framework of the development of heavy ion therapy for cancer treatment in Russia. Another possible area of application of this research is the space radiobiology, studying stochastic and deterministic effects of ionizing radiation in the space environment on human. In this work the experimental setup for radiobiological research with heavy ions in ITEP, the dosimetry system for dose measurements and the results of the radiobiological researches with carbon ions are presented.  
slides icon Slides WECA02 [16.246 MB]  
 
WECA03
 60 Years of Hadron Therapy  
 
  • G.I. Klenov
    MNIRTI, Moscow, Russia
  • V.S. Khoroshkov
    ITEP, Moscow, Russia
  
  The report observes the investigation stage (1954-1990 ys) and the adoption stage into the practical health care after the 1990 of the hadron therapy. At the present time 47 hospital-based multi-cabin proton and 7 ion (mainly, carbon ions are used) centers are operating in the world. About the same number of centers are under construction. It is a common feeling that the hadron therapy is a very effective and often choiceless method of the radiation therapy. The main physicotechnical, already established solutions of the multi-cabin clinical centers construction are discussed, including the used accelerators, the radiation units types, the used environment, IT, etc. In this report the current problems and trends of hardware and technologies development for this treatment method are presented, including proposals to use new types of accelerators, to create one-cabin centers (one accelerator – one treatment unit), procedures how to solve economical problems of this rather expensive treatment method and so on. The 45-ys history of the proton therapy in Russia is briefly recounted, the great contribution of Russian investigators to the problem, and also the existing situation with the implementation of this radiation treatment method into the public health care in our country.  
 
WECA04 Accelerator Hadron Therapy Technique Developed at JINR 131
 
  • E. Syresin
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  
  Accelerator hadron therapy technique is one of applied researches realized at JINR. The JINR-IBA collaboration has developed and constructed the C235-V3 cyclotron for Dimitrovgrad hospital center of the proton therapy. Proton transmission in C235-V3 from radius 0.3m to 1.03 m is 72% without beam cutting diaphragms; the extraction efficiency is 62%. The main advantage of this cyclotron in comparison with serial commercial cyclotrons of IBA is related to higher current of the extracted beam. The cancer treatment is realized in JINR on the phasotron proton beam. More than 1000 patients were treated there. A project of the demonstration center of the proton therapy is discussed on base of a superconducting 250 MeV synchrocyclotron. The superconducting synchrocyclotron is planned to install instead of phasotron in Medical Technical Complex of DLNP. The project of the medical carbon synchrotron together with superconducting gantry was developed in JINR. The basis of this medical accelerator is the superconducting JINR synchrotron – Nuclotron. One important feature of this project is related to the application of superconducting gantry.  
slides icon Slides WECA04 [1.517 MB]  
 
WECA05 Operation and Development of the BINP AMS Facility 134
 
  • S. Rastigeev, A.R. Frolov, A.D. Goncharov, V. Klyuev, E.S. Konstantinov, V.V. Parkhomchuk, A.V. Petrozhitskii
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
  • L.A. Kutnykova
    Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
  
  The BINP AMS facility is the accelerator complex for accelerator mass spectrometry. The most distinguishing features of BINP AMS is the use of the middle energy separator of ion beams, the magnesium vapors target as a stripper and time-of-flight telescope for accurate ion selection. Present status and development of AMS complex for extension of applications are reviewed.  
slides icon Slides WECA05 [1.129 MB]  
 
WECA06 Extended Scope of Application of Industrial ELV Accelerator 137
 
  • D.A. Kogut, S. Fadeev, N.K. Kuksanov, P.I. Nemytov, R.A. Salimov
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
  
  ELV accelerators is a D.C. machines. They were designed and manufactured by Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science. These machines are well known in the world. They are operating from Germany in West to Indonesia and Malaysia in East. Main application of these accelerators is the treatment of polymers. Accelerators for the polymer treatment are equipped with the foil window extraction device. Some kinds of ELV accelerators were equipped with the device for focused beam extraction into atmosphere. It allows the treatment of material with a high beam power density under atmosphere pressure. New development of ELV accelerators is concerning the low energy range and design of self-shielded accelerators. There are the set of self-shielded accelerators. The lowest energy is 150 - 200 kV. These machines are unified with usual ELV accelerators and extend their application area.  
slides icon Slides WECA06 [0.690 MB]  
 
WECA08 Main Parameters and Operational Experience with New Generation of Electron Accelerators for Radiography and Cargo Inspection 143
 
  • A.N. Ermakov, B.S. Ishkanov
    MSU, Moscow, Russia
  • A.S. Alimov, A.N. Kamanin, V.V. Khankin, N.I. Pakhomov, V.G. Sayapin, N.V. Shvedunov, V.I. Shvedunov, D.S. Yurov
    M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow, Russia
  • I.A. Frejdovich, V.V. Klementiev, S.V. Lamonov, Yu.N. Pavshenko, I.V. Shvedunov, A.S. Simonov
    Federal State Unitary Enterprise, Laboratory of Electron Accelerators MSU, Ltd, Moscow, Russia
  • L.Yu. Ovchinnikova, I.Yu. Vladimirov
    Laboratory of Electron Accelerators MSU, Ltd, Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
  
  We describe main parameters and operational experience with new generation of electron accelerators for radiography and cargo inspection developed with participation of scientists, engineers and technologists from Lomonosov Moscow State University and "Research and Production Enterprise "Toriy". Two accelerators are described: accelerator for radiography UELR-8-2D with beam energy regulated in the range 3-8 MeV and dose rate from 0.5 to 15 Gy/min and accelerator for cargo inspection UELR-6-1-D-4-01 with pulse to pulse energy switching between 3.5 and 6 MeV, with repetition rate 400 Hz and dose rate 4 Gy/min. Both accelerators use klystron as an RF source, which is fed by solid state modulator.  
slides icon Slides WECA08 [0.331 MB]  
 
WECA09 Dedicated DC-110 Heavy Ion Cyclotron for Industrial Production of Track Membranes 146
 
  • B. Gikal, P.Yu. Apel, S.L. Bogomolov, O.N. Borisov, V.A. Buzmakov, S.N. Dmitriev, A.A. Efremov, A.A. Fateev, G.G. Gulbekyan, I.A. Ivanenko, G.N. Ivanov, I.V. Kalagin, V.I. Kazacha, N.Yu. Kazarinov, M.V. Khabarov, I.V. Kolesov, V.A. Kostyrev, A.M. Lomovcev, V.N. Melnikov, V.I. Mironov, N.F. Osipov, S.V. Pashchenko, O.V. Semchenkova, V.A. Sokolov, A. Tikhomirov, V.A. Verevochkin
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  
  In the Laboratory of nuclear reactions JINR dedicated accelerator complex on the basis of the heavy ion cyclotron DC110 for the industrial track membrane production has been developed and created. The isochronous cyclotron DC110 accelerates the ions Ar, Kr and Xe with a fixed energy of 2.5 MeV/nucleon and intensity of 10-15 mkA. The cyclotron is equipped with ECR ion source - DECRIS-5 (18 GHz) and axial injection system. The pole diameter of the magnet is 2 m. Isochronous magnetic field formed by shimming sectors on the level of 1.67 T. Accelerated ions 40Ar6+, 86Kr13+, 132Xe20+ have close mass-to-charge ratio, which allows changing particles without changing the operation mode of the cyclotron. Accelerator complex DC-10 is capable of producing up to 2 million square meters of track membranes per the year.  
slides icon Slides WECA09 [1.603 MB]  
 
WECA10
 Use of Accelerators U-150 and RIC-14 for Radionuclide Production  
 
  • A.A. Razbash, A.V. Ivanov, B.N. Kirsanov, A.I. Leonov, A.N. Mamonov
    Cyclotron Company Ltd., Obninsk, Russia
  
  One of the most important uses of charged particle accelerators is the production of radioactive isotopes for an application in different fields of sciences, industry and nuclear medicine. In recent years, the emphasis is on the creation of the line accelerators, which covers various applications and ensures the efficient use of various nuclear reactions. At present our enterprise has two cyclotrons: U-150, accelerating protons up to energy of 23 MeV and RIC-14, accelerating protons up to energy of 14 MeV. Both devices are manufactured at Scientific-Research Efremov Institute of Electrophysical Apparatus (NIIEFA). The radionuclide production is realized by bombardment of the special developed universal targets using internal beam. The average beam current on the target can reach 2000 μA, which provides high productivity on radionuclides. By this time the production methods of more than 30 radionuclides are developed at our enterprise. The most widely demanded radionuclides are cobalt-57, gallium-67, germanium-68, palladium-103, cadmium-109 and indium-111.  
slides icon Slides WECA10 [0.336 MB]  
 
WECA11 CC-18/9M Cyclotron System 149
 
  • A.P. Strokach, M.A. Emeljanov, A.V. Galchuck, Yu.N. Gavrish, S.V. Grigorenko, V.I. Grigoriev, M.L. Klopenkov, A.N. Kuzhlev, V.G. Mudroliubov, G.V. Muraviov, V.I. Nikishkin, V.I. Ponomarenko, Yu.I. Stogov, S.S. Tsygankov, O.L. Veresov
    NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia
  
  The СС-18/9M cyclotron system has been designed, manufactured and delivered to NIITFA, Moscov. The system consists of an updated cyclotron and a targets system. The cyclotron is intended to produce proton and deuteron beams with an energy of 12-18/6-9 MeV and current up to 150/70 mkA. For this purpose, a shielding-type electromagnet and a resonance system have been afresh designed. The target system for the production of F-18 and C-11 radionuclides has been designed in NIIEFA for the first time.  
slides icon Slides WECA11 [0.547 MB]  
 
WECA12 SEE Testing Facilities at FLNR Accelerators Complex: State of the Art and Future Plans 152
 
  • S. Mitrofanov, B. Gikal, G.G. Gulbekyan, I.V. Kalagin, N.F. Osipov, S.V. Paschenko, V.A. Skuratov, Yu.G. Teterev
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • V.S. Anashin
    United Rocket and Space Corporation, Institute of Space Device Engineering, Moscow, Russia
  
  Funding: This work was sponsored by the Russian Federal Space Agency by special agreement between Institute of Space Device Engineering and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research.
The Russian Space Agency (Roscosmos) utilizes U400 and U400M cyclotrons at accelerator complex of the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions (FLNR) of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna for heavy ion SEE testing. The ions up to the Xe and Bi with the energy up to 40 AMeV are available for the users. The detailed overview of the facility and the features of diagnostic set-up used for ion beam parameters evaluation and control during SEE testing are discussed. The road map for the strategic development of this field in FLNR is presented.
* Proceedings of RADECS 2011 PJ-8, pp.756-759, 2012.
** Proceedings of PAC09, Vancouver, BC, Canada FR5REP099, pp. 5011-5013, 2009.
 
slides icon Slides WECA12 [1.485 MB]  
 
WEPSB14
 Analysis of Single Biological Cells  
 
  • A. Lagutin
    Belarusian State Agrarian Technical University, Minsk, Belarus
  
  The direct analysis of trace metals in single cells and biological tissues is a challenging task that requires sophisticated analytical developments. The aim of this abstract is to present some recent achievements in the field of chemical element imaging of biological samples using ion beam micro-analysis. In the present work the potential of high-resolution RBS for detection of trace elements in an organic compound was tested. The main advantage of using RBS is that relative and absolute concentrations of present elements can be determined with very high accuracy. This study revealed the accumulation sites of micro- and macronutrients in seeds. Two selected examples of PIXE microanalysis in ecophysiology are presented. Studies of heavy metal distributions in seeds showed different filtration mechanisms of Zn/Pb and Fe/Mn, both enabling plants to cope with metals present in the environment.*
* A. Lagutin. Microscopy with Nanoscale Resolution Studied by High-Resolution RBS and Micro-PIXE. Proceedings of ICACS-26, 13-18 July 2014, abstract P73, P.124-125. 		 
 
WEPSB15 The Utilization of Standard DC Accelerator ELV for The Tomography 186
 
  • E.V. Domarov, K.A. Bryazgin, S. Fadeev, D.A. Kogut, N.K. Kuksanov, P.I. Nemytov, R.A. Salimov
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
  
  ELV accelerators have been developed at the Institute of Nuclear Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and occupy a special place in the spectrum of the equipment produced by the Institute. These machines are widely used for radiation modification of polymers and worked well in a variety of processes in many countries of the Eurasian continent. Using serial ELV accelerators for industrial tomography opens up new possibilities for industrial technologies. This increases the requirements on the stability parameters of the injected electron beam. The article formulates the requirements for electron accelerator ELV for tomographic studies, pulsation energy and beam current. Described Schottky effect affects to the shape and size of the ripple current, and the method for increasing the stability of the beam parameters. These machines are unified with conventional accelerators ELV and expand the scope of their utilization.  
 
WEPSB16 Studying of the Accompanying Charged Particles in the Tandem Accelerator with Vacuum Insulation 189
 
  • A.N. Makarov, D.A. Kasatov, I.M. Shchudlo, S.Yu. Taskaev
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
  
  On the tandem accelerator with vacuum insulation in a steady long mode it was obtained 1.6 mA current of protons with 2 MeV energy. It was studied the one of the possible reasons of current limitation – the appearance of accompanying charged particles during acceleration of the ion beam. The paper presents and discusses the results of the accompanying beam measurement using a special detector. The detector registered an opposite positive current in the range of 80-170 mkA, which is directly dependent on vacuum conditions in the accelerator. Also it was measured the dependence of the dose rate on the total current in the accelerating gap. These measurements confirmed that injected H− beam ionizes residual and stripping gas mainly in the area before the first electrode and two proposals were made to minimize the accompanying current.  
 
WEPSB17 Development of the Injector for Vacuum Insulated Tandem Accelerator 191
 
  • A.S. Kuznetsov, A.A. Alexander, M.A. Tiunov
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
  • D.A. Kasatov, A.M. Koshkarev
    NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
  
  The Vacuum Insulated Tandem Accelerator is built at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics.* The accelerator is designed for development of the concept of accelerator-based boron neutron capture therapy of malignant tumors in the clinic.** In the accelerator the negative hydrogen ions are accelerated by the high voltage electrode potential to the half of required energy, and after conversion of the ions into protons by means of a gas stripping target the protons are accelerated again by the same potential to the full beam energy. A number of innovative ideas posited in the design make it possible to accelerate intense beams in a compact accelerator. Number of investigations revealed weak points of the accelerator injector: unnecessary beam stripping by the residual gas and complexity to improve the vacuum conditions, the influence of the stripping gas to the ion source operation stability. To ensure the beam parameters and reliability of the facility operation required for clinical applications, the new injector is designed based on the ion source with a current up to 15 mA, providing the possibility of preliminary beam acceleration upto 120-200 keV. The paper presents the design of the injector and the results of calculations performed.
*Aleynik V., Bashkirtsev A., et al. Applied Radiation and Isotopes 88 (2014) 177-179.
**Bayanov B., Belov V., et al. Nuclear Instr. and Methods in Physics Research A 413/2-3 (1998) 397-426. 		 
 
WEPSB18 Modification of the Argon Stripping Target of the Tandem Accelerator 194
 
  • Y.M. Ostreinov, A.N. Makarov, S.Yu. Taskaev, P. Vobly
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
  
  The paper presents and discusses the project of modified gas stripping target. The idea of the target modification is the following. Inside the high-voltage electrode just behind inlet aperture it is proposed to apply 1 T transverse magnetic field using a two-pole permanent magnets. Similar magnets at the exit of the stripping target return proton beam back to the axis of accelerator channel. In this geometry not only significant suppression of ion penetration of the stripping gas into the accelerating channel can be achieved, but also a significant improvement of vacuum conditions in the accelerating channel and reduction of the ultraviolet radiation from the plasma in the stripping target. It is enough to shift the stripping target to a distance greater than the aperture (20 mm) in the high-voltage electrode and to implement a differential gas pumping. The paper presents results of trajectory calculation of the injected ion beam in Comsol Multiphysics. The geometry of the magnetic system and the system of differential gas pumping using turbomolecular pump installed inside the high-voltage electrode are presented.  
 
WEPSB19 First Results of Experiments with the Extracted Carbon Beam at the U-70 Accelerator 197
 
  • V.A. Pikalov, G.I. Britvich, S.A. Gorokhov, N. Ivanova, V.A. Kalinin, A.V. Koshelev, M.Y. Kostin, A. Lukyantsev, S. Makonin, A. Matyushin, A.V. Maximov, V. Milyutkin, A.P. Ostankov, M.K. Polkovnikov, V.S. Seleznev, A.Y. Sotnikov
    IHEP, Moscow Region, Russia
  • E.E. Beketov, S.N. Koryakin, A.A. Lychagin, M.V. Troshina, S.E. Ulyanenko
    MRRC, Obninsk, Russia
  
  The scheme of the C ions beam production with energy 455 MeV/nucleon from the U-70 accelerator was described briefly. The equipment facilities for the radiobiology experiments were shown. Experimental parameters of the carbon beam were described. The first experimental results were shown.  
 
WEPSB20 Experimental Study of the Time Dependence of the Activity of Delayed Neutrons in the Fission of 235U by Neutrons from the Reaction 7Li(p, n) on the Electrostatic Accelerator EG-1 200
 
  • K.V. Mitrofanov, A.S. Egorov, D.E. Gremyachkin, V.F. Mitrofanov, V.M. Piksaikin, B.F. Samylin
    IPPE, Obninsk, Russia
  
  In the present work the installation created on the basis of the accelerator EG-1 (IPPE) for the experimental studies of the time dependence of delayed neutron activity from neutron induced fission of 235U is described. Measurements were carried out with neutron beam generated with the help of the 7Li(p, n) reaction. The lower limit of the investigated time range was governed by the proton beam switching system that was 20 ms. It was shown that the temporary characteristics of delayed neutrons from the fission of 235U by epithermal neutrons is consistent with the time dependence which at present is recommended as a standard. In case of the fast neutron induced fission of 235U the measured decay curve of delayed neutrons shows excess of counting rate in the time interval 0.01-0.2 s as compared with the decay curve corresponding to the recommended data.  
 
WEPSB21 Registration of Gamma Rays from the Reaction 16O(n, p)16N on the Direct Neutron Beam of Cascade Generator KG-2.5 203
 
  • K.V. Mitrofanov, A.S. Egorov, V.M. Piksaikin, B.F. Samylin
    IPPE, Obninsk, Russia
  
  In the present work the results of analysis of the oxygen content in the water with the help of gamma-rays registration from the reaction 16O(n, p)16N is described. The samples were installed permanently on the direct beam of neutrons generated by the reaction 7Li(d, n) in the cascade generator KG-2.5 (IPPE). A comparison was carried out with experimental data obtained by the activation method in similar experimental conditions.  
 
WEPSB22 Conditioning and Monitoring of Cleanliness of High Voltage System with Gesous Insulation 206
 
  • K.A. Řežvykh
    IPPE, Kaluga Region, Russia
  
  Abstract An account is given of new effective technique of conditioning gaseous insulation of an electrostatic accelerator, primary purifying it from free solid microparticles. The procedure of conditioning continuities to obtaining stable breakdown voltage of high voltage accelerator about 7-8 hours (at value of accelerator tank of 9 cubic meter). Three techniques of check of cleanliness of gaseous insulation or carried out early high voltage experiment are proposed. Conditioning effect keeps after tank opening at a repeated input in tank early purified gas.  
 
WEPSB23 Set-up for Measurements of Delayed Neutron Characteristics in Interaction of Heavy Nuclei with Relativistic Protons of the Synchrocyclotron PINP Gatchina 209
 
  • A.S. Egorov, V.F. Mitrofanov, V.M. Piksaikin, B.F. Samylin
    IPPE, Obninsk, Russia
  
  In the present paper the method and set-up for measurements of delayed neutron characteristics in interaction of heavy nuclei with relativistic protons are described. On the basis of this method the time dependence of delayed neutron activity has been measured from interaction of 238U sample with 1 GeV pulsed proton beam of the synchrocyclotron of the Petersburg Institute of Nuclear Physics, Gatchina. The measured data was analyzed in frame of 8-group precursor's model with a unified set of half-lives. Obtained results on the fractional yields of delayed neutrons are compared with the appropriate data from the fast neutron induced fission of 238U.  
 
WEPSB24 Comparison of Biological Impact of Proton and Ion Beams in Radiation Treatment 211
 
  • M.M. Kats
    ITEP, Moscow, Russia
  
  The work contains the comparison of biological doses' distribution calculated for treatment of the same targets by proton and ion beams. Advantages of the ion beam are shown for targets with different sizes and with different depths.  
 
WEPSB25 PRIOR Proton Microscope 214
 
  • D. Varentsov, P.M. Lang, M.E. Rodionova, L. Shestov, K. Weyrich
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
  • A.V. Bakhmutova, A.V. Bogdanov, A. Golubev, A.V. Kantsyrev, N.V. Markov, V.A. Panyushkin, A.I. Semennikov, V. Skachkov
    ITEP, Moscow, Russia
  • C.W. Barnes, F.G. Mariam, F.E. Merrill, C. Wilde
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
  • S.V. Efimov, Y. Krasik, O. Oleg
    Technion, Haifa, Israel
  • A. Golubev
    MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
  • S. Udrea
    TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
  • A.N. Zubareva
    IPCP, Chernogolovka, Moscow region, Russia
  
  Funding: Joint Helmholtz-ROSATOM FAIR-Russia Research Centre (HGF-IVF-IK-Ru-002)
The new proton radiography facility PRIOR* (Proton microscope for FAIR) was developed at SIS-18 accelerator at GSI (Darmstadt, Germany). PRIOR setup is designed for measurement, with high spatial resolution up to 10 mkm, of density distribution of static and dynamic objects by using a proton beam with energy up to 4.5 GeV. The magnetic system of the PRIOR beam-line consists of two sections. The first, matching section, contains electromagnetic-quadruple lenses and provides formation of a proton beam for the objects imaging task (beam size, angular distribution). The second section is a magnification (K ~4) section that consists of four Permanent Magnet Quadruples (PMQ) lenses. Tungsten collimators, installed at central plane of magnification section, provides regulation of contrast of the proton-radiographic images. Investigated object installed between first and second section. The registration system for static experiments consists of CsI scintillator and plastic scintillator (Bicron BC-412) for dynamic one with two types of intensified CCD cameras: PCO DiMAX and PCO DicamPro. In the first experiments with static objects with 3.6 Gev proton, was demonstrated a spatial resolution of 30 mkm. Dynamic commissioning was performed with target based on underwater electrical wires explosion with electrical pulse with current amplitude of ~200 kA and time duration of few microseconds.
* Merrill F.E. et al., Proton microscopy at FAIR, AIP Conf. Proc. 1195, 2009, p.667 		 
 
WEPSB26 Study of Possibility of Industrial Application of Ion Injector I-3 217
 
  • P.N. Alekseev
    ITEP, Moscow, Russia
  
  Ions injector I-3 of the ITEP-TWAC accelerator complex consists of a buncher, two-gap accelerating cavity and a beam transport line. Laser ion source is used to generate ions for the injector. Possibility of application of the injector to dope semiconductor materials with variable energy ions is considered. Results of beam parameters optimization by numerical simulation to produce uniform distribution of particles density and required energy spread on the target are presented.  
 
WEPSB27 Design of Multifunctional Facility Based on ECR Ion Source for Material Science 220
 
  • A.V. Ziiatdinova, T. Kulevoy
    MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
  • S.L. Andrianov, B.B. Chalykh, G. Kropachev, R.P. Kuibeda, T. Kulevoy, A.V. Ziiatdinova
    ITEP, Moscow, Russia
  • M. Comunian
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
  
  The traditional experimental method for new materials radiation resistance investigation is a reactor irradiation. However, there are some difficulties during steel exposure in reactor. Simulation method based on ion irradiation allows accelerating the defect generation in the material under investigation. Also a modification of materials by ion beams represents the great practical interest for modern material science. Experiments in both directions are ongoing in ITEP. The paper presents the design of the test-bench based on ECR ion source and electrostatic acceleration which is under development in ITEP. This paper describes the results of beam dynamics simulation in the transport channels of the test-bench. Simulation was carried out in the "real" fields Continuous ion beam achievable at the test-bench enables beam fluence on the target up to 1016 particles/m2.  
 
WEPSB28
 Design Studies of the Superconducting Cyclotrons for Proton Therapy  
 
  • G.A. Karamysheva, S.A. Kostromin, N.A. Morozov, E. Samsonov, E. Syresin
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • S.N. Dolya
    JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
  
  Different projects of the cyclotrons for proton therapy were considered in order to provide Medical Technical Complex at JINR, Dubna by proton beam. Our projects can be used for development of the accelerator for proton therapy for the other medical centers. We propose project of the superconducting cyclotron accelerating protons up to energy 250 MeV and superconducting synchrocyclotron which can be used as the 70 MeV protons source for radiation therapy of the shallow-allocated tumors. Conceptual designs of cyclotrons are considered. Main parameters of the magnetic and accelerating systems are chosen. Main aspects of the beam dynamics are studied by means of simulation of the acceleration in the main region of radii, in the extraction region and simulation of the particles capture into acceleration in the very center of the machine.  
 
WEPSB29 The Induction Synchrotron with a Constant Magnetic Field 223
 
  • G. Dolbilov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  
  In this report possibility of cyclic acceleration of the charged particles in constant in time a magnetic field is discussed. The closed orbit of particles is formed by a set of magnetic dipoles. In each section of dipoles the radial dispersion of trajectories of a beam depends on the azimuthal length of a dipole and has the small size (on the order of several centimeters). As the dipole section has radial focusing and vertical defocusing, using quadrupole lenses between dipole sections it is possible to organize alternating-sing focusing on all perimeter of the accelerator. Particles are accelerated by electric field of the induction sections which powering up is made at bunch approach. The inductor of sections are remagnetized in the range of time between a beam bunches. Stability of longitudinal oscillations is defined by a form of a table of accelerating induction pulses. Such accelerator is able to afford to expand the range of parameters of accelerated particles on their charge and atomic weight as doesn't demand compliance of a resonance of HF-system to the frequency of the circular frequency of accelerated particles.  
 
WEPSB30 The Compact Induction Accelerator of Electrons for Radiation Technologies 226
 
  • G. Dolbilov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  
  The electron accelerator with energy <10 MEV uses a rectangular pulse of the accelerating induction voltage and a trapezoidal pulse of a leading magnetic field. For preservation of radius of an equilibrium orbit to constants special ratios between amplitude-time characteristics of a magnetic induction and the accelerating voltage of inductors are carried out. The accelerator contains alternating-sign focusing in dipole magnets and rectilinear accelerator parts. Total cross-section of inductors of accelerating section is equal to S=WL/Bc, (W-energy of electrons, L-perimeter of an orbit, B<2Bs, Bs-индукция of saturation of inductors, c - velocity of light)  
 
WEPSB31 Project of Demonstration Center of the Proton Therapy at DLNP JINR 228
 
  • E. Syresin, G.A. Karamysheva, M.Y. Kazarinov, N.A. Morozov, G.V. Mytzin, N.G. Shakun
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • J. Bokor
    STU, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
  
  JINR is one of the leading proton therapy research centers of the in Russia. The modern technique of 3D conformal proton radiotherapy was first effectuated in Russia in this center, and now it is effectively used in regular treatment sessions. A special Medico-Technical Complex was created at JINR on the basis of the phasotron used for proton treatment. About 100 patients undergo a course of fractionated treatment here every year. During last 14 years were treated by proton beams about more than 1000 patients . A project of the demonstration center of the proton therapy is discussed on base of a superconducting 250 MeV synchrocyclotron. The superconducting synchrocyclotron is planned to install instead of phasotron in Medical Technical Complex of DLNP. The new transport channel is designed for beam delivery to the JINR medical cabin.  
 
WEPSB32 Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy at LEPTA Facility 231
 
  • P. Horodek, I.N. Meshkov
    JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
  • A.G. Kobets, O. Orlov, A.A. Sidorin
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  
  Since 2009 year the LEPTA facility at Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna is operated with positron beam. Today it is developed into two directions. The first one is getting orthopositronium flux in flight. Slow positrons from 22Na source are accumulated in Surko trap and then are injected into the ring where they should overlap with electrons from the sigle-pass electron beam. In this way the flux of orthopositronium atoms will appear and will be observed in the process of registration of gamma quanta from annihilation process. The second group of works focuses on using the positron injector for Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy (PAS) applications. This method is dedicated to detection of structural defects as vacancies in the solid body lattice. The latest progress of this technique is strictly connected with measurements of PAS characteristics using positron beams. The progress in the LEPTA development, the first results obtained in the PAS, idea and actual state of works concerning the construction of the pulsed positron beam will be presented. The creation of pulsed positron beams is the modern tendency in the PAS domain. It allows to measure the lifetimes of annihilating positron in the depth ca. 1 mkm under the surface. It makes possible the identification of kind of defect.  
 
WEPSB33 Development of the Equipment for the Prototype of a Complex of Radiotherapy at the Nuclotron-M 234
 
  • I.P. Yudin
    JINR/VBLHEP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
  • S.I. Tyutyunnikov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  
  The report deals with the construction of the carbon beam transport line for biomedical research at the Nuclotron accelerator complex, JINR, Dubna. We have studied the scheme and modes of magneto-optical elements of the channel. Used electronics described. We are discussed the compilation and realization of the plan of treating a tumor located at a depth up to 30 cm. Choice of beam scanning schemes and their optimization are shown.  
 
WEPSB34
 Characteristics of Control of Collimators IRIS in the Robotic Radiosurgical System CYBERKNIFE  
 
  • S.Z. Bagova
    MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
  
  In work performed the investigation of depending permissible deviation size of the aperture in the case of intersecting beams profiles from the rated size of the aperture collimator IRIS. Determined the dependence permissible deviation collimator aperture size associated with the change of output factors with aperture size, of the rated size of the collimator aperture IRIS. It is found that the needed accuracy of the installation of a given size aperture the collimator for minimum IRIS collimator does not exceed the accuracy of the aperture the installation on the manufacturer's specifications.  
 
WEPSB35 Thermal Simulations of the Biperiodical Accelerating Structure with the Operating Frequency 27 GHz 237
 
  • Yu.D. Kliuchevskaia, S.M. Polozov
    MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
  
  Biperiodical accelerating structure (BAS) represents an accelerating structure based on disk loaded waveguide (DLW) with π/2 operation mode. The 1 cm band structure will have very compact transverse size. Such characteristics give it perspective to use in medical accelerators. The results of beam dynamics simulation and electrodynamics study was discussed early. It will important to study the BAS electrodynamics taking into account thermal processes in structure and to design the cooling system. It is important because of the high pulse RF power (about 1.5 MW) necessary for the beam acceleration. The simulation results which are defined using CST code will presented in report. Calculation and determination of the thermolysis coefficient depending on speed, temperature and the water flow direction will make.  
 
WEPSB36 A prototype of a Phased Array for Deep Thermoradiotherapy 240
 
  • A.M. Fadeev, A.A. Blinnikov, S.M. Ivanov, S.M. Polozov
    MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
  
  It is proven that hyperthermia increases radiation and chemotherapy efficiency. In oncology, the generation of a higher temperature at a tumor-involved region of the body is called hyperthermia. The thermoradiotherapy is widely and effective uses. A phased array of eight dipoles for the hyperthermia treatment of deep-seated tumors is proposed earlier. The power and phase coherently delivered to the radiating elements can be varied, so that the electromagnetic field is increased at the tumor location and decreased in the normal tissues. The prototype of the phased array of two dipoles and the RF power scheme are presented and results of experiments are discussed. Measured and simulated temperature distributions along the line connecting two dipoles are discussed in this paper.  
 
WEPSB37 Interdisciplinary Glossary – Particle Accelerators and Medicine 243
 
  • V.S. Dyubkov, V.V. Dmitriyeva, V.G. Nikitaev
    MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
  • S.E. Ulin
    MEPHI, Moscow, Russia
  
  A general concept of a new interdisciplinary glossary, which includes particle accelerator terminology used in medicine, as well as relevant medical concepts, is presented. Its structure and usage rules are described. An example, illustrating the quickly searching technique of relevant information in this Glossary, is considered. A website address, where one can get an access to the Glossary, is specified. Glossary can be refined and supplemented.  
 
WEPSB38 Multifunctional Extraction Channel Development Heavy Ion RFQ (Radio Frequency Quadrupole) 245
 
  • E. Khabibullina, T. Kulevoy
    MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
  • B.B. Chalykh, R. Gavrilin, A. Golubev, G. Kropachev, R.P. Kuibeda, T. Kulevoy, S.A. Visotski
    ITEP, Moscow, Russia
  • M. Comunian
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
  
  In the ITEP the Heavy Ion RFQ HIP-1 (Heavy Ion Prototype) provides ion beams for two different experimental programs. The first one is successfully ongoing and it is aimed to irradiation resistance investigation of reactor construction materials. Samples of new materials for reactors are irradiated by beams of iron, vanadium ions accelerated by the linac. The structure changes are investigated by both transmission electron microscope and atom-probe tomography. The second one is under development and it is aimed to investigate ion beam interaction with plasma and metal vapor targets. On the basis of beam dynamics simulation the design of new RFQ-output line for both experiments realization was developed. Details of beam dynamics simulation and output line design are presented and discussed in this paper.  
 
WEPSB39 Industrial Prototype of Compact CW Linac 248
 
  • D.S. Yurov, A.S. Alimov, B.S. Ishkanov, V.P. Sakharov
    MSU, Moscow, Russia
  • N.I. Pakhomov, V.I. Shvedunov
    M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow, Russia
  
  A compact continuous-wave linear accelerator for industrial applications with an output electron energy of 1 MeV and design average beam current of 25 mA is described. The results of beam dynamics, accelerating structure, and RF system simulation are presented, accelerator construction and first results of its commissioning are described.  
 
WEPSB40 Design of a Linear Accelerator with a Magnetic Mirror on the Beam Energy of 45 MeV 251
 
  • V.I. Shvedunov, A.N. Ermakov, B.S. Ishkanov, A.N. Kamanin, V.V. Khankin, L.Yu. Ovchinnikova, N.I. Pakhomov, I.Yu. Vladimirov
    MSU, Moscow, Russia
  • A.I. Karev, V.G. Raevsky
    LPI, Moscow, Russia
  • I.V. Shvedunov, N.V. Shvedunov, D.S. Yurov
    MSU SINP, Moscow, Russia
  
  The results of calculation and optimization of pulsed linear accelerator with magnetic mirror on the beam energy, adjustable in the range of 20 - 45 MeV, designed for explosives detection and other applications are presented. The accelerator consists of an electron gun with an off-axis placed cathode with a beam hole on axis; of about 1.6 m long section of standing wave bi-periodic accelerating structure, operating at 2856 MHz, which is optimized to achieve the capture coefficient of more than 50% and of the energy spectrum width of about 2%; of a movable dispersion free magnetic mirror made with rare earth permanent magnet material. Accelerator provides acceleration of the beam with a pulse current of 100 mA to an energy of 45 MeV with RF power consumption less than 10 MW.  
 
WEPSB41 The X-ray System with Sub-system of Shaping of Fun-Shaped Beam and its Application in the Custom Inspection Systems 254
 
  • Yu.N. Gavrish, A.M. Fialkovskiy, P.O. Klinovskiy, K.V. Kotenko, V.P. Malyshev
    NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia
  
  The analytical survey of X-ray sources based on linear electron accelerators applied in the customs inspection systems (IDK) was carried out on the grounds of requirements to customs inspection systems. The test results of the linear electron accelerator IDK-6/9 MeV which allows to generate the X-ray mode with energies of 6 and 9 MeV are given in this article. The questions of unification of linear electron accelerators for different IDK are also studied. It is proved that the JSC "D.V. Efremov Scientific Research Institute of Electrophysical Apparatus" has the necessary scientific and technical potential and is ready to work out and to produce the X-ray sources for Automobile, Sea and Railway Inspection Systems (IDK). In addition to that the JSC "D.V. Efremov Scientific Research Institute of Electrophysical Apparatus" is ready to organize the serial production of X-ray sources for inspection systems.  
 
WEPSB42 Histogram Based Bremsstrahlung Radiation Source Model for the CyberKnife Medical Linear Accelerator 256
 
  • A.V. Dalechina, A.I. Ksenofontov
    NRNU, Moscow, Russia
  • G.E. Gorlachev
    N.N. Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia
  
  The accuracy of dose calculations is of fundamental importance in treatment planning of radiation therapy. The dose distributions must be calculated and verified by an accurate algorithm. The Monte Carlo simulation (statistical method, based on random sampling) of radiation transport is the only method that makes it possible to perform high-precision dose calculations in the case of a complex geometry. The main bottleneck for the application of this method in practical planning of radiation therapy is the lack of a general virtual source model of the accelerator radiation source. There are several approaches that have been described in the literature*. The goal of this work is to build a source model, based on histogram distributions, to represent the 6 MV photon beams from the Cyberknife stereotactic radiosurgery system** for Monte Carlo treatment planning dose calculations. The transport of particles in treatment head of Cyberknife was simulated. Energy, radial and angular distributions were calculated. Source model was created on the base of the cumulative histograms. This approach provides producing an unlimited number of particles for the next dosimetric planning. Results of source modelling were verified in comparison with full-scale simulation without model. Good agreement was shown with calculations using the source model of the linear accelerator treatment head.
*Chetty I.J. et al. Report of the AAPM Task Group No. 105// Med. Phys. 2007.
**Francescon P., Cora S., Cavedon C. Total scatter factors of small beams // Med. Phys. 2008.
 		 
 
WEPSB43 Magnetic Buncher Accelerator UELV-10-10-T-1 for Studying Fluorescence and Radiation-Physical Researches 259
 
  • Y.S. Pavlov, V.A. Danilichev, V.V. Dobrohotov, O.N. Nepomnyaschy, V.A. Pavlov
    IPCE RAS, Moscow, Russia
  
  Accelerator UELV-10-10-T-1 is equipped with special system of injection and magnetic buncher with the purpose of generation picoseconds the beam duration 50 ps with the current 150 A at energy 10 MeV for studying fluorescence and radiation-physical researches. For maintenance of the magnetic bunching the accelerator works in the mode of the reserved energy when duration of the pulse of injection (2,5 nanoseconds) is much less than time of filling of a wave guide energy (100 nanoseconds). At a pulse microwave of capacity 10 MW the energy which has been saved up in the wave guide, makes about 2 J. It provides an opportunity of a cutting collimator separately chosen bunch after scan of "package" by a rotary magnet. After an output from the accelerator the package electrons from 3-5 bunches acts in magnetic buncher consisting of two electromagnets. In buncher the beam is scanning as "fan", and then focused. At a current of the beam 30 A in the pulse duration 2,5 nanoseconds distinction on energy between the adjacent bunches makes of 300 keV, that provides an opportunity of the cutting collimator the separate chosen bunch after space scanning with a rotary magnet. At a magnetic bunching electrons in "head" of a bunch have the big energy and are transported on trajectories with the big radius than "tail" electrons. Thus "compression" of the bunch on time is attain and accordingly the charge of a bunch increases.  
 
WEPSB44 Neutron Radiation Monitoring of the Therapeutic Proton Beam Transportation 262
 
  • V.M. Skorkin
    RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia
  
  A monitoring system online controls a therapeutic proton beam by measuring a secondary neutron radiation from the beam losses. The system consists of neutron detectors in the transport path passage from Linac to the facility of proton therapy and terminal controller connected to the computer. The neutron detectors measure a level of the secondary neutron radiation in real time along of the transport channel, near the formative elements. The system of the neutron detectors registers temporal variations of the beam intensity in local areas transport medical channel. These changes arise are due to changes in operating mode of the channels or instability of the elements forming the beam. The monitoring system allows to determine a intensity and temporal structure of the therapeutic beam and to detect mode and instability of the formative elements.  
 
WEPSB45 Small-Size High-Performance ARSA Accelerators for On-Line Testing for ECB for Radiation Hardness 264
 
  • S.L. Elyash
    VNIIEF, Sarov, Russia
  • S.P. Pukhov, A.V. Rodigin, A.L. Yur’yev
    RFNC – VNIIEF, Sarov, Russia
  
  A small-size high-performance pulsed accelerator ARSA with the voltage up to 1.3MeV is developed. The accelerator is distinguished for stability of characteristics (spread no more than ±10%), high dose rate of bremsstrahlung (up to 1.5*1010 R/s in a spot 1 cm in diameter), potentiality of intense operation (hundreds of shots a day), electro-magnetic compatibility with radio electronics. There is developed a fiber-optic monitor-dosimeter functionally connected with ARSA control panel ensuring pulse measurement of bremsstrahlung, accumulation of the prescribed dose, reading of data to the computer. To monitor the shape of bremsstrahlung pulses a separate channel is provided.  
 
WEPSB46
 Ion Optical Arrangement And Design Of A Quasi-Monochromatic X-Ray End-Station At Analytical Accelerating Facility Of Nas Of Ukraine  
 
  • I.G. Ignatev
    SSU, Sumy, Ukraine
  
  A quasi-monochromatic X-ray end-station have been developed and constructed on a base of an accelerating facility at NAS of Ukraine for biological objects research (Sumy). Beam focusing on a target was performed by doublets of electrostatic lenses. The system provides an H+ ion beam with energy of 2 MeV from an electrostatic accelerator to a convertor. Here beam current was of some microampere at a 100x100 mkm beam.  
 
WEPSB47 Depth Dose Distribution of the Bremsstrahlung Generated by the Betatron OB-4 in Different Environments 266
 
  • I. Miloichikova, V. Ruchyeva, E. Shuvalov, S. Stuchebrov
    TPU, Tomsk, Russia
  
  Within a research framework of the development of the new methods to reduce radiation doses for the objects under radiographic analysis, it was proposed to use the pulsed irradiation source synchronized with the detecting device. The previous tests showed a significant radiation dose decline to the objects in comparison with conventional techniques. For estimation of the suitability of using the compact betatron OB-4 as a source of bremsstrahlung for visualization purposes it is necessary to investigate the dosymetric parameters of the device. In the paper the dosimetric parameters measurement technique of the bremsstrahlung generated by betatron OB-4 is described. The radiation dose measurement results from the bremsstrahlung generated by betatron are shown. The depth dose distributions of the bremsstrahlung generated by betatron obtained with the help of the solid thermoluminescent detectors DTL-02 and the dosimeter UNIDOS E equipped with a PTW Farmer cylindrical ionization chamber type 30013 in the different environments (in the air, in the water andin the lead) are illustrated.  
 
WEPSB48 Status of Experiments on Surface Modification of Materials on the Accelerator HIP-1 269
 
  • S.L. Andrianov, A.A. Aleev, A. A. Andreev, D. Aparin, A.A. Bogachev, B.B. Chalykh, P.A. Fedin, A. Golubev, N.A. Iskandarov, G. Kropachev, R.P. Kuibeda, T. Kulevoy, A.A. Nikitin, N.N. Orlov, S.V. Rogozhkin, A. Sitnikov
    ITEP, Moscow, Russia
  
  Ion-implant doping is efficient method of modification for near-surface layers material which used in different technological applications. The most common example of its is increase wear, corrosion, heat resistance of various industrial steels, special alloys implantation for applications in biology and medicine, surface layers of polymers strengthening and changes in the morphology. Works in this direction is executing on TIPR-1 accelerator in ITEP. Bunches of titanium and vanadium which are generated in MEVVA and nitrogen beams are generated in duoplasmatron was mastered acceleration to provide of experimental work. Several series of experiments on the modification of the surface of samples for further study by atomic probe tomography and transmission electron microscopy executed. Nanostructure of the surface layers of oxide dispersion strengthened steels exposed to ion beams showed makeover.  
 
WEPSB49 Method of Measuring Fast Neutron Fluence Using the Planar Silicon Detectors 272
 
  • A.I. Shafronovskaia
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  
  Funding: Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna
The technique reported of fast neutron fluence measurements using silicon detectors. One of the main macroscopic effects at radiation damage of silicon detectors by fast neutrons is increase of the reverse current. The increment of the reverse current detector is a linear dependence on fast neutron fluence and is determined by the formula: DI=aIxFxV, where: DI=(I1-I0), (А) – the measured increment of the reverse dark current after irradiation of the detector normalized to temperature of +20 C, aI=(5±0.5)'10-17, (А/сm) – current constant radiation damage of silicon for neutrons with energy 1 MeV, F, (сm-2) - equivalent fluence of fast neutrons with energy 1 MeV, V=d'S, (сm3) – the volume of the detector at the full depletion voltage. The experimental results of measurements of fast neutron fluence with silicon detectors are obtained on the pulsed fast neutrons reactor (IBR-2, channel #3) and on the experimental facility KVINTA JINR, Dubna. 		 
 
THCA01 Accelerator Complex Based on DC-60 Cyclotron 287
 
  • M.V. Zdorovets, V.V. Alexandrenko, I.A. Ivanov, M.V. Koloberdin, Y.K. Sambayev
    INP NNC RK, Almaty, Kazakhstan
  
  DC-60 heavy ion accelerator, put into operation in 2006, according to its specifications - spectrum, charge and energy of accelerated ions, has the high scientific, technological and educational potential. The highest possible universality both by spectrum of accelerated ions and acceleration energy and regimes was built in DC-60 heavy ion accelerator designing. The new interdisciplinary research complex based on cyclotron DC-60 makes it possible to create a highly-developed scientific-technological and educational environment in the new capital of Kazakhstan. DC-60 accelerator is a dual cyclotron, which is capable of charged particles acceleration up to kinetic energies in MeV/nucleon, expressed in the following relation: E = 60(zi/A)2, where zi - accelerated ion charge, A - atomic weight of ion. Relation (zi/A) in formula must be within the following limits: (zi/A)2 = (1/6 – 1/12), that impose constraints on charge of accelerated ions. Thus, range of ions accelerated on DC-60 cyclotron is 6Li to 132Xe, variation of ion energy is over the range 0.33 to 1.75 MeV/nucleon. Some results of our work carrying out on the base of DC-60 cyclotron in the field of production, acceleration and transportation of charged particles, physics of solid state, nuclear and atomic physics, production of track membranes etc are given in the article. Also it will be reported about modern trends of accelerators development in Kazakhstan.  
slides icon Slides THCA01 [1.485 MB]  
 
FRCB01 Problems and Prospects of the Tandem Accelerator with Vacuum Insulation 465
 
  • S.Yu. Taskaev, D.A. Kasatov, A.S. Kuznetsov, A.N. Makarov, I.M. Shchudlo, I.N. Sorokin
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
  
  Funding: Ministry of Education and Science of Russia (project RFMEFI57614X0181)
At BINP for development of boron neutron capture therapy it is proposed and constructed the tandem accelerator with vacuum insulation, which is characterized by rapid acceleration of charged particles. Problems of high-voltage strength gaps due to the large stored energy and strong electrostatic lens are solved. It is obtained a stationary 1.6 mA 2 MeV proton beam having 0.1% energy monochromaticity and 0.5% current stability. It is clarified, that further increase of the proton current in the stable mode without breakdowns is limited by the accompanying current in the high-voltage gaps. It is proposed to make vacuum conditions better in the input of the accelerator using additional cryopump, to modernize argon stripping target by its tilting or shifting and to use differential pumping inside the high-voltage electrode. Obtaining of the 3 mA 2.5 MeV proton beam will allow us to conduct boron neutron capture therapy. 		 
slides icon Slides FRCB01 [0.815 MB]  
 
FRCB02 Dynamics of Processes in Subcritical Reactor Driven by Linear Accelerator 467
 
  • A.G. Golovkina, I.V. Kudinovich, D.A. Ovsyannikov
    St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
  • Y.A. Svistunov
    Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
  
  Funding: St. Petersburg State University, grant No. 9.38.673.2013
In this paper dynamics of processes in accelerator driven system (ADS) is considered. ADS reactor operates at subcritical level and the necessary neutron supply comes from the interaction of a charged particles beam with a heavy atom nucleus (spallation reaction). Mathematical model of dynamics of subcritical reactor controlled by linear accelerator is presented. Calculation results of transient processes in the reactor core taking into account fuel feedback. The reactor power level control is carried out through the regulation of linac current impulses frequency. 		 
 
FRCB03 Accelerators Application for Radiation Processing of Foodstuffs 470
 
  • M.A. Zavialov
    RRICT, Vidnoye, Russia
  
  During last couple decades in Russia an interest in the electron-beam sterilization technology has been significantly renewed. The electron beam irradiation occurs at electron energies in the range from 3 up to 10 MeV with dose of 30 kGy. A special research interest is an exploring the possibility to reduce electron energy and dose characteristics upon foods irradiation.