ICALEPCS07 - List of Keywords (injection)

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injection

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
TOAB05	The Status of Virgo	laser, controls, vacuum, feedback	71
	F. Carbognani EGO, Pisa
	Virgo is the largest gravitational wave detector in Europe. The detector, built by a French–Italian collaboration, is located near Pisa (Italy) and is based on a laser interferometer with 3-km-long arms. It aims at the detection of gravitational waves emitted by galactic and extragalactic sources such as pulsars, supernovae, and the coalescences of binary black holes and neutron stars in a frequency window comprised between 10 Hz and a few kHz. Since 2003 the detector has been going through its commissioning phase, and the first long observing run is planned to start in May 2007. The present status of the experiment and its foreseen upgrades are described in this article. Franco Carbognani is the corresponding author on behalf of the Virgo Collaboration.
	Slides

TOPA02	SDA Time Intervals	collider, controls, emittance, proton	79
	J. Cai, E. S. McCrory, D. J. Nicklaus, T. B. Bolshakov Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	SDA (Sequenced Data Acquisition) Time Intervals is a hierarchical logging system for describing complex large-scale repeated processes. SDA has been used extensively at Fermilab* for fine tuning during the Tevatron Collider Run II. SDA Time Intervals is a new system born during discussions between CERN and FNAL about routinely recording relevant data for the LHC. Its main advantages are extremly low maintenance and good integration with traditional "flat" dataloggers. The Time Intervals (TI) system records the time of key events during a process and relates these events to the data that the traditional datalogger archives. From the point of view of the application program, any number of datalogging systems can be refactored into human-understandable time intervals. * SDA-based diagnostic and analysis tools for Collider Run II. T.B. Bolshakov, P. Lebrun, S. Panacek, V. Papadimitriou, J. Slaughter, A. Xiao. Proceedings of PAC 05, Knoxville, Tennessee, May 2005.
	Slides

TPPA28	PLC-Based Beam Charge Interlock System for Radiation Safety in the KEKB Injector Linac	controls, linac, storage-ring, radiation	149
	K. Furukawa, M. Satoh, T. Suwada, E. Kadokura KEK, Ibaraki
	A new PLC-based beam-charge interlock system is under development for radiation safety at the KEKB injector linac. This system restricts a prescribed amount of integrated beam charges passing through at several locations along the linac for machine protection, and it also monitors the amount of integrated beam charges injecting to four different storage rings (KEKB e⁺ & e^- storage rings, PF, PF-AR) at the linac beam switchyard. The beam charges delivered from an electron gun are measured with the PLC-based beam-charge interlock system. This system comprises wall-current monitors, beam-charge integration circuits, and a PLC-based control system. This system generates and sends beam abort signals directly to another radiation safety control system with hard-wire cables when the amount of the integrated beam charges is beyond the prescribed threshold level. In this report we describe the new design of the PLC-based beam-charge interlock system, and especially several software developments and performances implemented on the PLC are described.

TPPB18	Present Status of VEPP-5 Control System	controls, linac, positron, damping	199
	A. Antonov, R. E. Kuskov, D. Bolkhovityanov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
	As VEPP-5 moves to commissioning, its control system—CX—becomes more mature. CX is a distributed, networked control system based on a 3-layer "standard model." It has been used for VEPP-5 control since 2000; most hardware is CAMAC and CAN-bus. Currently most control programs have switched to modular plugin-based architecture, which significantly eases development of applications and enhances the whole control system integration. Large-data-size control hardware (such as digital oscilloscopes and CCD-cameras) is fully supported by CX now. E-logbook is currently being deployed, both as a web application and with direct support in control programs. GIS technology is being introduced to the control system, which opens many interesting possibilities.

TOPB04	Control System of the KEKB Accelerator Complex	controls, linac, positron, factory	268
	A. Akiyama, N. Kamikubota, T. T. Nakamura, J.-I. Odagiri, M. Satoh, T. Suwada, N. Yamamoto, K. Furukawa KEK, Ibaraki
	The KEKB asymmetric electron-positron collider complex consists of 8-GeV Linac, high-energy and low-energy rings. Some of the resources were inherited from the previous TRISTAN project, and also they are shared with Photon Factory and PF-AR light sources. In order to realize the long lifespan of the system de-facto and international standard technologies were employed since the early stage, which have been efficiently operated. Several gateway methods were implemented to integrate heterogeneous sub-systems, which are gradually converted into EPICS. Scripting languages are employed for higher-level applications. The ever-evolving control system has enabled flexible and reliable beam operations at KEKB throughout the long period.
	Slides

WOAA02	Outsourcing, Insourcing, and Integration of Control Systems in the Australian Synchrotron	controls, synchrotron, site, storage-ring	276
	M. Clift, B. W. Karnaghan, W. K. Lewis, A. C. Starritt, R. I. Farnsworth ASP, Clayton, Victoria
	The Australian Synchrotron was built in less than four years and under budget with many subsystems outsourced. This presentation discussed some of the issues involved. It discusses the reasons for outsourcing, the approach taken, and some of the technical issues involved, including open source versus proprietary software, testing, training, collaboration, and source control. The importance of a solid engineering approach, specification, interface, systems design, and in-house ability are discussed. A discussion of engineering standards, both hardware and software, is presented. A balance of the positive and negative elements of the approach is put forward, and some suggestions for future projects run on similar lines are made.
	Slides

WOPA03	LHC Software Architecture [LSA] – Evolution Toward LHC Beam Commissioning	controls, collider, optics, beam-losses	307
	S. Deghaye, M. Lamont, L. Mestre, M. Misiowiec, W. Sliwinski, G. Kruk CERN, Geneva
	The LHC Software Architecture (LSA) project will provide homogenous application software to operate the Super Proton Synchrotron accelerator (SPS), its transfer lines, and the LHC (Large Hadron Collider). It has been already successfully used in 2005 and 2006 to operate the Low Energy Ion Ring accelerator (LEIR), SPS and LHC transfer lines, replacing the existing old software. This paper presents an overview of the architecture, the status of current development and future plans. The system is entirely written in Java and it is using the Spring Framework, an open-source lightweight container for Java platform, taking advantage of dependency injection (DI), aspect oriented programming (AOP) and provided services like transactions or remote access. Additionally, all LSA applications can run in 2-tier mode as well as in 3-tier mode; thus the system joins benefits of 3-tier architecture with ease of development and testability of 2-tier applications. Today, the architecture of the system is very stable. Nevertheless, there are still several areas where the current domain model needs to be extended in order to satisfy requirements of LHC operation.
	Slides

WPPB03	Software Interlocks System	controls, laser, extraction, diagnostics	403
	V. Baggiolini, D. Garcia Quintas, J. Wenninger, J. P. Wozniak CERN, Geneva
	In the year 2006, a first operational version of a new Java-based Software Interlock System (SIS) was introduced to protect parts of the SPS (Super Proton Synchrotron) complex, mainly CNGS (CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso), TI8 (SPS transfer line), and for some areas of the SPS ring. SIS protects the machine through surveillance and by analyzing the state of various key devices and dumping or inhibiting the beam if a potentially dangerous situation occurs. Being a part of the machine protection, it shall gradually replace the old SPS Software Interlock System (SSIS) and reach the final operational state targeting LHC (Large Hadron Collider) in 2008. The system, which was designed with the use of modern, state-of-the-art technologies, proved to be highly successful and very reliable from the very beginning of its existence. Its relatively simple and very open architecture allows for fast and easy configuration and extension to meet the demanding requirements of the forthcoming LHC era.

WPPB06	Synchronization System of Synchrotron SOLEIL	linac, storage-ring, booster, synchrotron	409
	P. Betinelli, L. Cassinari, J.-M. Filhol, B. Gagey, F. Langlois, A. Loulergue, J. P. Ricaud SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette
	To bring electrons from the LINAC to the storage ring, much equipment must be triggered synchronously to the beam. The timing system provides the time base needed for this purpose. More than a simple clocks distribution system, it is a real network, broadcasting clocks and data all over the synchrotron. Data are used to send events to equipment: for example, injection of electrons inside the booster, extraction of electrons from the booster to the storage ring, or even triggering diagnostic equipment. The timing system is made up of a standalone CENTRAL system and several cPCI LOCAL boards. The CENTRAL system provides clocks and data and broadcasts them to the LOCAL boards through an optical fiber network. LOCAL boards are placed close to the equipment, and they provide delayed signals to trigger them. These delays can be precisely adjusted by the user, making the equipment synchronous with the electron beam. After a brief explanation of our needs, the presentation describes the timing systems (architecture, performance, etc.) used at SOLEIL. It also describes the results after a year of use: the good, the bad, and the truth (well, maybe).

WPPB07	Machine Protection and Advanced Plasma Control in TORE SUPRA Tokamak	plasma, controls, electron, diagnostics	412
	S. P. Bremond, J. Bucalossi, G. Martin, P. H. Moreau, F. Saint-Laurent EURATOM-CEA, St Paul Lez Durance
	A tokamak is a complex device combining many sub-systems. All of them must have high reliability and robustness to operate together. A sub-system includes its own safety protections and a more integrated level of protection to ensure the safety of the full device. Moreover, plasma operation with several megawatts of additional injected power requires a highly reliable and performing control because uncontrolled plasma displacements and off-normal events could seriously damage the in-vessel components. Such an integrated control system is installed on Tore Supra. It can develop an alternative plasma operation strategy when margins to technological sub-system limits become too small. The control switches to more and more degraded modes, from the nominal one to a fast plasma shutdown. When sub-system limits are nearly reached, the system tries to balance the loads over less solicited parts. Then a modification of the plasma parameters is performed to preserve the plasma discharge in a degraded mode. The third step is a soft and controlled plasma shutdown, including a stopping of additional heating systems. When loads are closed to be uncontrolled, a fast plasma shutdown is initiated.

WPPB18	Customizable Motion Control Solution Supporting Large Distances	controls, septum, feedback, radiation	436
	R. Baer, G. Froehlich, K. Herlo, U. Krause, M. Schwickert GSI, Darmstadt J. Bobnar, I. Kriznar, J. Dedic Cosylab, Ljubljana
	Motion control solutions for controlling a movement of motorized mechanical subsystems for accelerators, telescopes or similar spatially distributed systems require high degree of flexibility regarding the use and connectivity. One platform should fit different applications and provide cost effective solutions. A connection to the control system (CS) is required on one side, while on the other side a connection to a variety of motors, position encoders and other feedback devices must be provided. In case of more complex mechanics, an advanced kinematics control is essential to provide features such as motion tuning, interpolation and controlled acceleration. An embedded computer is used for SW-flexibility and CS-support. Motion control capabilities are provided by separate HW; programmable multi axis controller. Signal adaptation for a direct connection of the equipment is managed by an interface board. Easy installation and debugging is provided by low-level local control; front panel switches and indicators, RS232 or direct keyboard and monitor access. An advanced approach is required in case of a larger distance between the motor controller and the motors with position encoders.

WPPB24	High Dynamic Range Current Measurements with Machine Protection	SNS, target, extraction, beam-transport	448
	D. A. Bartkoski, C. Deibele, C. Sibley, D. H. Thompson ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
	At the SNS a beam current measurement technique called CHuMPS (Chopper Machine Protection System) has been developed that is fast, has a large dynamic range, and is droop-free. Combined with the LEBT chopper controller, a beam in gap measurement is possible that can accurately measure the beam in the chopper gaps. The beam in gap measurement can then provide machine protection in the case of chopper failure. The same application can also measure waste beam from the ring injection stripper foil and provide fast protection from stripper foil failure.

ROAA03	Injection, Ramping and Extraction Timing for the Duke Booster	booster, extraction, storage-ring, controls	491
	G. Y. Kurkin BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk S. F. Mikhailov, V. Popov, Y. K. Wu, S. M. Hartman FEL/Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
	A booster synchrotron capable of ramping from 0.25 to 1.2 GeV was recently commissioned at Duke University as part of the High Intensity Gamma Source upgrade. The triggering and timing system uses a combination of software logic and triggers, digital delay generators, and hardware synchronizers to coordinate the linac injector, booster synchrotron and electron storage ring. The injection system has been commissioned with a short pulse photo-injector linac into a single booster RF bucket and to two booster buckets separated by about half the circumference. It has also been commissioned with a long electron pulse from the injection linac into all 19 buckets. The extraction system, combined with short pulse kickers, can extract any of the booster's 19 electron bunches in to any of the storage ring's 64 bunches. Ramping is controlled by programmable VME based waveform generators triggered from the timing system. The system offers flexibility for commissioning and operations and provides a simple interface to the operator.
	Slides

RPPA20	A Fast Orbit Feedback for the ELETTRA Storage Ring	feedback, controls, electron, photon	558
	D. Bulfone, V. Forchi', G. Gaio, L. Pivetta, M. Lonza ELETTRA, Basovizza, Trieste
	A fast global orbit feedback using digital Beam Position Monitor (BPM) detectors has been installed and commissioned at Elettra. The system uses 96 BPMs and 82 steerer magnets to correct closed orbit errors at a 10-kHz repetition rate. The feedback processing is performed by twelve VME stations equipped with commercial CPU boards running the Linux operating system with real-time extension and connected to each other by a low-latency fiber optic network. The system is fully controlled by a Tango based control system. A number of diagnostic and visualization software tools have been developed to easily operate the feedback and detect anomalous sources of orbit distortion. The operational experience and the achieved results are presented. Plans for further improvements of orbit stability are also discussed.

RPPB05	Applying Agile Project Management for Accelerator Controls Software	controls, laser, feedback, extraction	612
	N. Stapley, W. Sliwinski CERN, Geneva
	Developing accelerator controls software is a challenging task requiring not only a thorough knowledge of the different aspects of particle accelerator operations, but also application of good development practices and robust project management tools. Thus, there was a demand for a complete environment for both developing and deploying accelerator controls software, as well as the tools to manage the whole software life cycle. As an outcome, a versatile development process was formulated, covering the controls software life cycle from the inception phase up to the release and deployment of the deliverables. A development environment was created providing management tools that standardize the common infrastructure for all the concerned projects; help to organize work within project teams; ease the process of versioning and releasing; and provide an easy integration of the test procedures and quality assurance reports. Change management and issue tracking are integrated with the development process and supported by the dedicated tools. This approach was successfully applied for all the new controls software for LEIR, SPS, LHC, injection lines, and CNGS extraction.

RPPB10	Use of E-Logbook in VEPP-5 Control System	controls, positron, linac, electron	624
	D. Bolkhovityanov, R. E. Kuskov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
	An electronic logbook (e-logbook) becomes a must for large experimental facilities not only during operation, but also at building and commissionning stages (where VEPP-5 is now). Unfortunately, the "market" of such products is almost nonexistent. So, the choice is narrow: either use some other lab's software (adapting it for local needs) or create your own one from scratch. We have chosen the former way and picked DOOCS e-logbook from DESY. Main changes concerned localization (since Russian uses cyrillic letters, not latin) and data feeding mechanism (due to different model of logging from applications). Integration with GIS and alarm system is being examined.

RPPB21	Finite State Machines for Integration and Control in ALICE	controls, monitoring, beam-losses, heavy-ion	650
	A. Augustinus, M. Boccioli, P. Ch. Chochula, L. S. Jirden, G. De Cataldo CERN, Geneva
	From the control point of view a physics experiment can be seen as a vast hierarchy of systems and subsystems with an experiment control node at the top and single atomic control channels at the bottom. In the case of the ALICE experiment at CERN the many systems and subsystems are being built by many engineers and physicists in different institutes around the world. The integration of the various parts to form a homogeneous system enabling coherent automatic control can therefore be seen as a major challenge. A distributed PVSS SCADA system complemented with a device and system modeling schema based on finite state machines has been used to achieve this. This paper will describe the schema and the tools and components that have been developed at CERN and it will show how this has been implemented and used in Alice. The efforts of standardizing the state diagrams for different types of devices and systems at different levels will be described and some detailed examples will be shown. The Alice graphics user interface integrating both the FSM control hierarchy and the PVSS monitoring will also be described.

RPPB31	Distributed Timing Diagnostic Applications	controls, diagnostics, extraction, kicker	677
	I. Kozsar, J. H. Lewis, J. Serrano, P. Kennerley CERN, Geneva
	The CERN timing system delivers events to the accelerator complex via a distribution network to receiver modules located around the laboratory. These modules generate pulses for nearby equipment and interrupts for the local host. Despite careful planning, hardware failure and human error can lead to anomalies within the control system. Diagnosing such errors requires a formal description of the logical and topological timing layout. This paper describes the design and implementation of a suite of timing diagnostic software applications that allow users to quickly diagnose and remedy faults within the CERN timing system.

FOAA03	The CERN LHC Central Timing, a Vertical Slice	controls, proton, synchrotron, target	711
	P. Alvarez, J. C. Bau, S. Deghaye, I. Kozsar, J. Serrano, J. H. Lewis CERN, Geneva
	The design of the LHC central timing system depends strongly on the requirements for a Collider-type machine. The accelerators in the LHC injector chain cycle in sequences, each accelerator providing beam to the next as the energy increases. This has led to a timing system in which time is divided into cycles of differing characteristics. The LHC timing requirements are completely different, there are no cycles, and machine events are linked to machine processes such as injection, ramping, squeezing, physics, etc. These processes are modelled as event tables that can be played independently; the system must also provide facilities to send asynchronous events for punctual equipment synchronization and a real-time channel to broadcast machine information such as the beam type and its energy. This paper describes the implementation of the LHC timing system and also gives details on the synchronization in the LHC injector chain that manufactures various beams for LHC.
	Slides