Proton and Ion Accelerators and Applications

2A - Proton Linac Projects

Paper Title Page
MO201 Progress in the Beam Commissioning of J-PARC Linac and its Upgrade Path 16
 
  • M. Ikegami
    JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken
 
 

The beam commissioning of J-PARC linac has been started since November 2006, and the initial commissioning has been completed in September 2007. Since then, the linac beam has been supplied to the succeeding RCS (Rapid Cycling Synchrotron) for its commissioning with occasional linac beam studies for finer tuning. The emphasis of the linac tuning has been shifted to the characterization and stabilization of the beam parameters, and better beam availability has gradually been required for the linac operation. In this paper, we present the current linac performance and operational experience obtained so far after a brief review of the commissioning history. Remaining commissioning tasks and the future upgrade plan to increase the beam power are also discussed.

 

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MO202 Status of a High Current Linear Accelerator at CSNS 21
 
  • S. Fu, Y. Cheng, J. Li, H.F. Ouyang, J. Peng, Z.R. Sun, X. Yin
    IHEP Beijing, Beijing
 
 

China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) consist of an H- linac as an injector of a rapid cycling synchrotron of 1.6 GeV. The 324 MHz rf linac is designed with beam energy of 81 MeV and a peak current of 30 mA. The linac design and R&D are in progress. A test stand of a Penning ion source is under construction. RFQ technology has been developed in ADS study, with beam energy of 3.5 MeV, a peak current of 47 mA at 7% duty factor and a beam transmission rate more than 94%. The first segment of the DTL tank has been fabricated. This paper will introduce the design and R&D status of the linac.

 

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MO203 The SARAF CW 40 MeV Proton/Deuteron Accelerator 26
 
  • A. Nagler, D. Berkovits, I. Gertz, I. Mardor, J. Rodnizki, L. Weissman
    Soreq NRC, Yavne
  • K. Dunkel, F. Kremer, M. Pekeler, C. Piel, P. vom Stein
    ACCEL, Bergisch Gladbach
 
 

The Soreq Applied Research Accelerator Facility, SARAF, is currently under construction at Soreq NRC. SARAF is based on a continuous wave (cw), proton/deuteron rf superconducting linear accelerator with variable energy (5-40 MeV) and current (0.04-2 mA). SARAF is designed to enable hands-on maintenance, which implies beam loss below 10-5 for the entire accelerator. Phase I of SARAF consists of an ECR ion source, a LEBT section, a 4-rod RFQ, a MEBT section, a superconducting module housing 6 half-wave resonators and 3 superconducting solenoids, a diagnostic plate and a beam dump. Phase II will include 5 additional superconducting modules. The ECR source has been in routine operation since 2006, the RFQ has been operated with ions and is currently under characterization. The superconducting module rf performance is being characterized off the beam line. Phase I commissioning results, their comparison to beam dynamics simulations and Phase II plans will be presented.

 

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MO301 Overview of the High Intensity Neutrino Source Linac R&D Program at Fermilab 36
 
  • R.C. Webber, G. Apollinari, J.-P. Carneiro, I.G. Gonin, B.M. Hanna, S. Hays, T.N. Khabiboulline, G. Lanfranco, R.L. Madrak, A. Moretti, T.H. Nicol, T.M. Page, E. Peoples, H. Piekarz, L. Ristori, G.V. Romanov, C.W. Schmidt, J. Steimel, I. Terechkine, R.L. Wagner, D. Wildman
    Fermilab, Batavia
  • P.N. Ostroumov
    ANL, Argonne
  • W.M. Tam
    IUCF, Bloomington, Indiana
 
 

Funding: Fermilab is operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy.
The High Intensity Neutrino Source (HINS) linac R&D program at Fermilab aims to construct and operate a first-of-a-kind, 60 MeV, superconducting H- linac. The machine will demonstrate acceleration of high intensity beam using superconducting spoke cavities from 10 MeV, solenoidal focusing optics throughout for axially-symmetric beam to control halo growth, and operation of many cavities from a single high power rf source for acceleration of non-relativistic particles.

 

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MOP001 A Coupled RFQ-Drift Tube Combination for FRANZ 46
 
  • A. Bechtold, U. Bartz, M. Heilmann, P. Kolb, H. Liebermann, O. Meusel, D. Mäder, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger, A. Schempp, C. Zhang
    IAP, Frankfurt am Main
  • G. Clemente
    GSI, Darmstadt
 
 

Funding: Work supported by BMBF
The Frankfurt Neutron Source at the Stern-Gerlach-Zentrum will comprise a short 175 MHz linac sequence consisting of a 1.4 m long 700 keV 4-rod type RFQ followed by a 50 cm IH-DTL for proton acceleration up to 2 MeV. The beam current is 200 mA at pulsed and 30 mA at cw operation. The aim is to have a very compact device driven by only one rf amplifier to reduce costs and required installation space. A coupling between the RFQ and the IH resonators by means of a galvanic connection is foreseen, which is realized by two brackets going right away through a common partitioning end flange lid. The accelerators could also be driven separately by just removing the brackets. The distance between the end of the RFQ electrodes and the middle of the first DTL gap is only 5 cm, there is no additional beam optics in between. Preliminary beam dynamics and rf simulations have been carried out together with accompanying measurements on rf models.

 
MOP002 Injector Development for High Intensity Proton Beams at Stern-Gerlach-Zentrum 49
 
  • O. Meusel, A. Bechtold, L.P. Chau, M. Heilmann, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger, K. Volk, C. Wiesner
    IAP, Frankfurt am Main
 
 

The Frankfurter neutron source at Stern-Gerlach-Zentrum (SGZ) uses a proton injector as a driver for the 7Li(p,n) neutron production. A volume type ion source will deliver a 100 keV, 200 mA proton beam continuously. It is intended to use a LEBT section consisting of four solenoids to transport the beam and to match it into the acceptance of the RFQ. A chopper system between solenoid 2 and 3 will provide beam pulses with a length of about 100 ns with a repetition rate of 250 kHz. The RFQ and the following IH drift tube LINAC will be coupled together to achieve an efficiency beam acceleration. Furthermore only one power amplifier will be needed to provide the rf power for both accelerator stages. The Mobley type bunch compressor will merge 7 micro-bunches formed in the accelerator module to one single 1ns bunch with an estimated peak current of about 8.6 A. A rebuncher will provide the post acceleration at a final beam energy adjustable between 1.8 and 2.4 MeV. The whole injector suffers from the high beam intensity and therefore high space charge forces. It will gives the opportunity to develop new accelerator concepts and beam diagnostic technics.

 
MOP003 Performance of the Control System for the J-PARC Linac 52
 
  • H. Yoshikawa, H. Sakaki, T. Suzuki
    JAEA, Ibaraki-ken
  • S.F. Fukuta
    MELCO SC, Tsukuba
  • H. Ikeda
    Visual Information Center, Inc., Ibaraki-ken
  • T. Ishiyama
    KEK/JAEA, Ibaraki-Ken
  • Y.I. Itoh, Y. Kato, M. Kawase, H. Sako, G.B. Shen, H. Takahashi
    JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken
  • S.S. Sawa
    Total Saport System Corp., Naka-gun, Ibaraki
 
 

Linac of J-PARC began to operate in November, 2006, and a achieved an initial performance in January, 2007. Afterwards, the beam supply to RCS begins, and it is operating extremely well with stability up to now. Here, the evaluation for comparison of the design and realities of architecture and performance of the LINAC control system are shown. Especially, the conceptual idea of function arrangement in the hierarchy of the control system architecture is shown. Now, the linac control system is in the second phase for the high power beam and reducing the beam loss, and the analysis of the system response identification for the high precision beam control is started.

 
MOP004 Operating Experience of the J-PARC Linac 55
 
  • K. Hasegawa, H. Asano, T. Ito, T. Kobayashi, Y. Kondo, H. Oguri, A. Ueno
    JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken
  • S. Anami, Z. Fang, Y. Fukui, K. Ikegami, M. Kawamura, F. Naito, K. Nanmo, H. Tanaka, S. Yamaguchi
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • E. Chishiro, T. Hori, H. Suzuki, M. Yamazaki
    JAEA, Ibaraki-ken
  • Y. Namekawa, K. Ohkoshi
    J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken
 
 

The J-PARC (Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex) linac consists of an RFQ, a Drift Tube Linac and a Separated-type Drift Tube Linac. The beam commissioning of the linac started in November 2006 and 181 MeV acceleration was successfully achieved in January 2007. The linac has delivered beams to the 3 GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron for its commissioning, and then, the subsequent 50 GeV Main Ring Synchrotron and the neutron target commissioning. The linac uses 20 units of 324 MHz klystrons. As of May, 2008, the average number of filament hours exceeds 5,000 without serious troubles. The operating experience of the linac will be described in this paper.

 
MOP005 Beam Test Results of the PEFP 20 MeV Proton Accelerator at KAERI 58
 
  • Y.-S. Cho, I.-S. Hong, J.-H. Jang, D.I. Kim, H.S. Kim, H.-J. Kwon, B.-S. Park, K.T. Seol, Y.-G. Song, S.P. Yun
    KAERI, Daejon
 
 

A 20 MeV proton accelerator, which consists of a 50 keV injector, a 3 MeV RFQ and a 20 MeV DTL, has been tested by Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP) at Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI. The operation conditions are 20 MeV, 20 mA peak current, 50 μs pulse length with a 1 Hz repetition rate due to the limited radiation shielding. The accelerator was tuned to reach to the above operating conditions. Moreover, an irradiation facility with external beam has been installed to supply the proton beam for the user and irradiation test. In this paper, we present results from tuning operation and the irradiation tests.

 

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MOP006 Stability of Normal Conducting Structures Operation with High Average Heat Loading 61
 
  • V.V. Paramonov
    RAS/INR, Moscow
 
 

Instead of proved application of superconducting structures for high energy part of intense linear proton accelerators, normal conducting structures are still considered for medium and low energy parts below 200 MeV. Operation with accelerating rate ~4 MeV/m and duty factor ~5% results for standing wave normal conducting structure in an average heat loading ~30 kW/m. Due to the high heat loading an operating mode frequency shift is significant during operation. In this paper conditions for field distribution stability against small deviations in time of individual cell frequencies are considered. For pi/2 structures these conditions were formulated by Y. Yamazaki and L. Young. General case of 0, pi/2 and pi operating modes is considered with common approach.

 
MOP007 Status of the LINAC4 Project at CERN 64
 
  • M. Vretenar, C. Carli, R. Garoby, F. Gerigk, K. Hanke, A.M. Lombardi, S. Maury, C. Rossi
    CERN, Geneva
 
 

Linac4 is a 160 MeV, 40 mA H- linear accelerator which will be the source of particles for all CERN proton accelerators from 2013. Its construction has started in 2008, as part of a program for the progressive replacement or upgrade of the LHC injectors during the next decade. Linac4 will initially inject into the PS Booster and at a later stage into a 4 GeV Superconducting Proton Linac (SPL), which could ultimately be upgraded to high duty cycle operation. For this reason accelerating structures, rf hardware and shielding of Linac4 are dimensioned for higher duty from the initial phase. Linac4 is normal-conducting, 80 m long and consists of an rf volume ion source, an RFQ, a beam chopping section and a cascade of three different types of 352 MHz accelerating structures. Its main design requirements are high reliability, high beam brightness and low beam loss. The accelerator will be housed in an underground tunnel on the CERN site, which can eventually be extended to the SPL, with equipment installed in a surface building above. The main parameters, the status of the main components, the planning, the project organisation and the civil engineering infrastructure are presented.

 
MOP009 Status of the RAL Front End Test Stand 70
 
  • A.P. Letchford, M.A. Clarke-Gayther, D.J.S. Findlay, S.R. Lawrie, P. Romano, P. Wise
    STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  • S.M.H. Al Sari, S. Jolly, A. Kurup, D.A. Lee, P. Savage
    Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London
  • J. Alonso
    Fundación Tekniker, Elbr (Guipuzkoa)
  • J.J. Back
    University of Warwick, Coventry
  • F.J. Bermejo
    Bilbao, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bilbao
  • R. Enparantza
    Fundación TEKNIKER, Eibar (Gipuzkoa)
  • D.C. Faircloth, J. Pasternak, J.K. Pozimski
    STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  • C. Gabor, D.C. Plostinar
    STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  • J. Lucas
    Elytt Energy, Madrid
 
 

High power proton accelerators (HPPAs) with beam powers in the several megawatt range have many applications including drivers for spallation neutron sources, neutrino factories, waste transmuters and tritium production facilities. The UK's commitment to the development of the next generation of HPPAs is demonstrated by a test stand being constructed in collaboration between RAL, Imperial College London, the University of Warwick and the Universidad del Pais Vasco, Bilbao. The aim of the RAL Front End Test Stand is to demonstrate that chopped low energy beams of high quality can be produced and is intended to allow generic experiments exploring a variety of operational conditions. This paper describes the current status of the RAL Front End Test Stand.

 

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MOP010 A Fast Chopper for the Fermilab High Intensity Neutrino Source (HINS) 73
 
  • R.L. Madrak, D. Wildman
    Fermilab, Batavia
  • A.K.L. Dymokde-Bradshaw, J.D. Hares, P.A. Kellett
    Kentech Instruments Ltd., Wallingford, Oxfordshire
 
 

A fast chopper capable of kicking single 2.5 MeV H- bunches, spaced at 325 MHz, at rates greater than 50 MHz is needed for the Fermilab High Intensity Neutrino Source (HINS). Four 1.2 kV fast pulsers, designed and manufactured by Kentech Instruments Ltd., will drive a ~0.5m long meander made from a copper plated ceramic composite. Test results showing pulses from the prototype 1.2 kV pulser propagating down the meander will be presented.

 
MOP011 An 8 GeV CW Linac With High Potential Beam Power 76
 
  • M. Popovic, C.M. Ankenbrandt, A. Moretti, S. Nagaitsev, T.J. Peterson, G.V. Romanov, N. Solyak, V.P. Yakovlev, K. Yonehara
    Fermilab, Batavia
  • R.A. Baartman
    TRIUMF, Vancouver
  • I.B. Enchevich, R.P. Johnson, M.L. Neubauer
    Muons, Inc, Batavia
  • R.A. Rimmer
    JLAB, Newport News, Virginia
 
 

Modern technology allows us to consider operating an 8 GeV Linac in a cw mode to accelerate a high-current H- beam. By using appropriate accumulation rings, the linac could provide simultaneous beams for direct neutrino production, neutrino factories, fixed target experiments, and muon colliders. Several other unique accelerator applications could also be served and improved by the same continuous beam, including studies of energy production and nuclear waste reduction by transmutation, rare muon decay searches, and muon catalyzed fusion. The trade-offs between cw operation compared to pulsed operation that are considered include the maximum rf gradient and corresponding linac length or energy, the rf frequency, rf peak power and coupler requirements, and refrigeration. Methods for accumulating the beam from a cw linac to serve the special needs of the potential future Fermilab programs mentioned above are considered. In this paper we also examine the use of a cyclotron as a source of high current beams to reduce the cost and complexity of the linac front end.

 
MOP012 High Power Test of Room Temperature Spoke Cavities for HINS at Fermilab 79
 
  • W.M. Tam, G. Apollinari, T.N. Khabiboulline, R.L. Madrak, A. Moretti, L. Ristori, G.V. Romanov, J. Steimel, R.C. Webber, D. Wildman
    Fermilab, Batavia
  • W.M. Tam
    IUCF, Bloomington, Indiana
 
 

The High Intensity Neutrino Source (HINS) R&D program at Fermilab will build a new 65 MeV test linac to demonstrate new technologies for application in a high intensity hadron linac front-end. The HINS warm section is composed of an ion source, a radio frequency quadrupole, a medium energy beam transport and 16 room temperature Crossbar H-type (RT-CH) cavities that accelerate the beam to 10 MeV (β=0.1422). The RT-CH cavities are separated by superconducting solenoids enclosed in individual cryostats. Beyond 10 MeV, the design uses superconducting spoke resonators. In this paper, we illustrate the completion of four RT-CH cavities and explain latest modifications in the mechanical and radio frequency (RF) designs. Cavities RF measurements and tuning performed at Fermilab are also discussed. Descriptions of the HINS R&D Facility including high power RF, vacuum, cooling and low level RF systems will be given. Finally, the history of RF conditioning and the results of high power tests of RT-CH cavities will be discussed.

 
MOP013 Focusing Solenoids for the HINS Linac Front End 82
 
  • I. Terechkine, G. Apollinari, J. DiMarco, Y. Huang, D.F. Orris, T.M. Page, R. Rabehl, M.A. Tartaglia, J.C. Tompkins
    Fermilab, Batavia
 
 

Low energy part of the linac for the HINS project at Fermilab will use superconducting solenoids as beam focusing elements (lenses). While lenses for the conventional, DTL-type accelerating section of the front end require individual cryostats, in the superconducting accelerating sections solenoids will be installed inside rf cryomodules. Some of the lenses in the conventional and in the superconducting sections are equipped with horizontal and vertical dipole correctors. Lenses for the conventional DTL section are in the stage of production with certification activities ongoing at Fermilab. For the superconducting sections of the linac, several prototypes of focusing lenses were built and tested. Solenoid magnetic axis is used for alignment of the lenses in the transport channel of the accelerator. Corresponding technique has been developed at Fermilab and is used during certification of the production lenses for the DTL section. This report will summarize main design features, parameters, and test results of the focusing lenses of the linac. Magnetic axis alignment technique will also be described.

 
MOP014 Status of the LANSCE Refurbishment Project 85
 
  • J.L. Erickson, K.W. Jones, M.W. Strevell
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
 
 

The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) accelerator is an 800 MeV proton linac that drives user facilities for isotope production, proton radiography, ultra-cold neutrons, weapons neutron research and various sciences using neutron scattering. The LANSCE Refurbishment Project (LANSCE-R) is an ambitious project to refurbish key elements of the LANSCE accelerator that are becoming obsolete or nearing end-of-life. The conceptual design phase for the project is funded and underway. The 5 year, $170M (US) project will enable future decades of reliable, high-performance operation. It will replace a substantial fraction of the radio-frequency power systems (gridded tubes and klystrons) with modern systems, completely refurbish the original accelerator control and timing systems, replace obsolete diagnostic devices, and modernize other ancillary systems. An overview of the LANSCE-R project will be presented. The functional and operating requirements will be discussed, the proposed technical solutions presented, and the plan for successful project execution while meeting annual customer expectations for beam delivery will be reviewed.

 
MOP015 Operational Status and Future Plans for the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) 88
 
  • K.W. Jones, K. Schoenberg
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
 
 

Funding: U. S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration, Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396
The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) continues to be a signature experimental science facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The 800 MeV linear proton accelerator provides multiplexed beams to five unique target stations to produce medical radioisotopes, ultra-cold neutrons, thermal and high-energy neutrons for material and nuclear science, and to conduct proton radiography of dynamic events. Recent operating experience will be reviewed and the role of an enhanced LANSCE facility in LANL's new signature facility initiative, Matter and Radiation in Extremes (MaRIE) will be discussed.


LA-UR-08-03581

 

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MOP016 Operational Experience of the SNS Front End and Warm Linac 91
 
  • A.V. Aleksandrov
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
 
 

Funding: SNS is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U.S. Department of Energy.
The Spallation Neutron Source accelerator complex uses set of pulsed linear accelerators of different types to accelerate beam to 1 GeV. The 2.5 MeV beam from the Front End is accelerated to 86 MeV in the Drift Tube Linac, then to 185 MeV in a Coupled-Cavity Linac and finally to 1 GeV in the Superconducting Linac. In the process of the commissioning and beam power ramp up many technical systems, as well as tuning algorithms, have deviated significantly from the original design. Our understanding of beam behavior has been evolving continuously and resulted in a steady reduction of fractional beam losses in the linac. In the same time new unexpected problems have been discovered, which are still in the process of investigation. In this paper we summarize our experience up to date and report on the current directions of experimental study, simulations, and development of tuning methods.

 
TU101 Unique Features of the J-PARC Linac and Its Performance - Lessons Learnt 343
 
  • A. Ueno
    KEK/JAEA, Ibaraki-Ken
 
 

The J-PARC linac has been successfully commissioned up to its design energy and almost design peak intensity. The unique methods and hardware features adopted in the J-PARC linac, such as the Cs-free H- ion source, macro-pulse generation method, stable one-shot operation method, rf chopper system related with the J-PARC 30mA-RFQ (Radio Frequency Quadrupole linac) design and its operation parameter, one-turn injection method into the following J-PARC RCS (Rapid Cycling Synchrotron), transverse matching using TRACE3D PMQ (Permanent Magnet Quadrupole) elements approximating the fringe field effects of the electro-quadrupole magnets, 2 cavity behavior of SDTL (Separated Drift tube Linac) fed with one Klystron and so on, will be reported in this talk.

 

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TU103 CERN Linac Upgrade Activities 353
 
  • A.M. Lombardi
    CERN, Geneva
 
 

In its June 2007 session the CERN Council has approved the White Paper, which includes construction of a 160 MeV H- linear accelerator called LINAC4, and the study of a 4 GeV Superconducting Proton Linac (SPL). LINAC4 will initially replace LINAC2 as the injector to the PS Booster, improving its performance up to the levels required for producing the ultimate LHC luminosity. In a later stage, LINAC4 is intended to become the front-end of SPL in a renewed injection chain for the LHC, which could be progressively constructed over the next decade. After briefly introducing the motivations and layout of the new injector chain, the talk will present the characteristics of the new linacs and give an overview of their main technical features and the R&D activities pursued within the HIPPI Joint Research Activity.

 

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WE203 Fermilab's Project X 714
 
  • S. Nagaitsev
    Fermilab, Batavia
 
 

The present status and plans for Fermilab's Project X will be reviewed.

 

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TH301 Beam Dynamics Studies of the 8 GeV Linac at FNAL 760
 
  • P.N. Ostroumov, B. Mustapha
    ANL, Argonne
  • J.-P. Carneiro
    Fermilab, Batavia
 
 

Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Scince, under contracts number DE-AC02-06CH11357 and No. W-31-109-ENG-38.
The proposed 8 GeV proton driver (PD) linac at FNAL includes a front end up to ~420 MeV and a high energy section operating at 325 MHz and 1300 MHz respectively. A normal conducting RFQ and short H-type resonators are being developed for the initial acceleration of the H-minus or proton beam up to 10 MeV. From 10 MeV to ~420 MeV the voltage gain is provided by SC spoke-loaded cavities. In the high-energy section, the acceleration will be provided by the International Linear Collider (ILC)-style SC elliptical cell cavities. To employ the existing readily available klystrons, an rf power fan out from high-power klystrons to multiple cavities is being developed. The beam dynamics simulation code TRACK available in both serial and parallel versions has been updated to include H-minus stripping due to all known mechanisms to predict the exact location of beam losses. An iterative procedure has been developed to interact with the transient beam loading model taking into account feedback and feedforward systems applied for the rf distribution from one klystron to multiple cavities.

 

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