RUPAC2012 - List of Keywords (ion-source)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
FRACH02	High-voltage Accelerators Intended to Produce Continuous and Pulse Neutron Fluxes	ion, neutron, target, high-voltage	189
	D.A. Solnyshkov, A.N. Kuzhlev, N.P. Mikulinas, A.V. Morozov, V.D. Shiltsev, G.G. Voronin NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia
	Recently, in NIIEFA has been designed a series of high-voltage accelerators intended to produce continuous and pulse neutron fluxes with a yield from 10 to the tenth power to 10 to the twelwth power. The facilities designed can be used for operation in the continuous, microsecond and nanosecond modes, in any combination. In the pulse microsecond mode, ion currents of up to 100 mA with pulse lengths ranging from 2 up to 100 mks can be obtained on target. In the nanosecond mode, the accelerator allows an ion beam current of up to 5 mA with a pulse length in the range of 2-30 ns to be obtained.
	Slides FRACH02 [2.507 MB]

FRYOR01	Recent Development in ECR Ion Sources at FLNR JINR	ion, cyclotron, injection, extraction	203
	S.L. Bogomolov, V.B. Bekhterev, A.A. Efremov, B. Gikal, G.G. Gulbekyan, Yu.K. Kostyukhov, N. Lebedev, V.N. Loginov, Yu. Yazvitsky JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	In the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions (JINR) the development of ion sources based on the plasma electrons heating at the frequency of electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) is stimulated by the necessity of the accelerator complex (U-400, U-400M and CI-100 cyclotrons) upgrading as well as by creation of the new high current cyclotrons for basic and applied research. Six ECR ion sources have been operated in the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions (JINR) supplying various ion species for the U400 and U400M cyclotrons correspondingly for experiments on the synthesis of heavy and exotic nuclei using ion beams of stable and radioactive isotopes, for solid state physics experiments and polymer membrane fabrication. In this paper the new development concerned with modernization of ECR4M ion source, development of the new superconducting ion source DECRIS-SC2 and creation of the DECRIS-5 ion source for the DC-110 cyclotron complex will be presented.
	Slides FRYOR01 [5.754 MB]

FRYOR02	Status Report on Physics Research and Technology Developments of Electron String Ion Sources of Multicharged Ions	ion, electron, injection, solenoid	208
	E.E. Donets, D.E. Donets, E.D. Donets, S.V. Gudkov, A.Yu. Ramsdorf, V.V. Salnikov, V.B. Shutov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	Electron String Ion Source (ESIS) "Krion-2" (JINR) is the first and now only ion source of such type in the world. ESIS is a sophisticated modification of Electron Beam Ion Source (EBIS) working in a reflex mode of operation under very specific conditions. The main results, which were achieved during recent years are: Au⁵⁴⁺ ion beams with intensity 5x10⁷ particle per pulse were first produced, ion-ion cooling technology was demonstrated to prove its efficiency for a thermal ion loss reduction and Krion-2 was used for production and injection of Xe⁴²⁺ ion beam into LINAC injector of JINR synchrotron Nuclotron, where the beam was first accelerated to relativistic energy in March 2010 [1-3]. At the present time an essential progress was achieved in construction of the new 6 Tesla ESIS, which is expected to be the full scale prototype of a highly charged ion source for NICA - the new JINR accelerator complex. It is foreseen in the NICA project that new ESIS will provide Au³²⁺ beams with ion yield about 2x10⁹ ppp. However, a project parameters of new Krion-6T ion source allow to expect production of even more highly charged states of heavy elements, up to Au⁶⁹⁺ in terms of gold. In this case new Krion-6T ESIS is planned to be used on operating JINR "Nuclotron" facility in near future for experiments with an extracted accelerated gold ion beams on a fixed target. [1] D.E. Donets, et all, 2010 JINST 5 C09001; http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-0221/5/09/C09001. [2] D.E. Donets, et all, RSI 80, 063304 (2009). **[3] D.E. Donets, et all, RSI 83, 02A512 (2012).

FRBOR01	Progress in the Negative Ion Sources Development	ion, plasma, cathode, brightness	213
	V.G. Dudnikov Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA
	Modern trends and recent progress in development of negative ion sources will be considered and analyzed. Surface Plasma Sources (SPS) rely on cesium-enhanced plasma surface reactions to produce negative ions are main sources delivering the negative ion beam for charge exchange injection in accelerators and fusion devices. After development of the SPS with cesiation the negative ion beam intensity has increased up to ~10⁴ times, from a record 3 mA to more than 40 A. Since the original conception of SPS with cesiation, many modifications and improvements have been made such that they constitute a mature and reliable technology today. The world-wide effort on the development and use of SPS with cesiation has increased to more than a thousand highly qualified scientists, engineers, technicians, workers, and administrators. The cost scale of advanced SPS has increased from ~ k to ~ M. SPS with cesiation have become "sources of life" and "working horses" for big installations such as SNS, LANSCE, BNL, FNAL, ISIS, KEK, JT 60 (Japanese tokamak), and the LHD (Large Helicon Device). Large development projects include the SPS for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). The development and fabrication of injectors with cesiated SPS has become a billion dollar scale industry.
	Slides FRBOR01 [8.083 MB]

TUPPB033	Simplified Beam Line with Space Charge Compensation of Low Energy Ion Beam	ion, space-charge, plasma, electron	388
	A.V. Dudnikov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Simplified beam line for low energy Ion implantation is considered. Compensation of the space charge of high perveance, low energy ion beam in beam lines for ion implantation and isotope separation has been investigated. Space charge compensation and overcompensation by ions will be considered. Different mechanisms of the compensating particle formation such as ionization by the beam, secondary emission of electrons and negative ions, electronegative gas admixture, and external plasma sources will be discussed. Advanced space charge compensation increases an intensity of low energy ion beam after analyzer magnet up to 3–4 times. Space charge compensation of positive ion beam by admixture of electronegative gases and damping of the beam instability will be discussed. Up to 6 mA of 11B+ ions with energy 3 keV, 11 mA with 5 keV, and 18 mA with 10 keV have been transported through an analyzer magnet of a high current implanter with space charge compensation by electronegative gases

TUPPB047	The Triode-type System on the Basis of the Field Emitter Modeling	cathode, electron, controls, vacuum	418
	D.S. Televnyi St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia E.M. Vinogradova Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
	The mathematical model of a cylindrical triode-type system on the basis of the field emitter is under consideration. The internal area of the system is filled of two different dielectrics. Effect of space charge is not considered. The field emitter is modeled by a charged filament of finite length, which located on the system's axis. The modulator has a form of a circular diaphragm. The Poisson equation with the given values of potentials at the electrodes is solved. The variable separation method is used to determine distribution of electrostatic potential. An unknown function of the charge density is approximated by a piecewise constant linear function. The problem of finding unknown coefficients in the potential eigenfunction expansion is reduced to the linear algebraic equations system. Numerical calculations emitter's forms are represented.

TUPPB053	High Duty Cycle Ion Sources at GSI and FAIR	ion, ECRIS, plasma, electron	433
	J. Pfister, A. Adonin, W.A. Barth, R. Hollinger, K. Tinschert GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	Future heavy ion experiments at GSI and FAIR demand for high current as well as highly brilliant ion beams of various metallic and gaseous ions produced by the GSI accelerator facility. Therefore GSI's Ion Source Group is developing and operating various types of ion sources feeding the linac at 2.2keV/u with a maximum mass-over-charge ratio of 65. In this contribution a status overview of operated high duty cycle ion sources including important ion source data as beam current, beam spectrum, transverse emittance, duty factor and transmission along the LEBT as well as future perspectives for the ion source operation for FAIR is presented.

TUPPB054	High Current Ion Sources for the FAIR Accelerator Facility	ion, injection, plasma, extraction	436
	R. Hollinger, A. Adonin, W.A. Barth, J. Pfister GSI, Darmstadt, Germany N. Chauvin CEA/DSM/IRFU, France
	Vacuum Arc Ion Sources and filament driven Multi Cusp Ion Sources are used for the production of high current ion beams of a variety of metallic and gaseous ions at the GSI accelerator facility. For the future project FAIR (Facility of Antiproton and Ion Research) it is foreseen to provide in addition a high current proton beam and an exclusive uranium beam from two new ion source injectors. The contribution gives an overview of the performance of the existing high current injector and presents the challenges for the future injectors for proton and uranium production.

TUPPB058	Improving Efficiency of Plasma Generation in H⁻ Ion Source with Saddle Antenna	plasma, ion, gun, electron	439
	V.G. Dudnikov, R.P. Johnson Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA S.N. Murray, T.R. Pennisi, M.F. Piller, M. Santana, M.P. Stockli, R.F. Welton ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	Funding: Work supported in part by US DOE Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 and by STTR grant DE-SC0002690. Progress in development of RF ion source with saddle radio frequency (SA) (RF) antenna which will provide better power efficiency for high pulsed and average current, higher brightness with longer lifetime and higher reliability is considered. Several versions of new plasma generators with different antennas and magnetic field configurations were tested in the Test Stand. The efficiency of positive ion plasma generation has been improved ~4x times up to 0.18 A/cm² per 1 kW of RF power 13.56 MHz. A new version of the RF assisted triggering plasma source (TPS) has been designed, fabricated and tested. A Saddle antenna SPS with water cooling is being fabricated for high duty factor have been tested.

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

FRACH02

High-voltage Accelerators Intended to Produce Continuous and Pulse Neutron Fluxes

ion, neutron, target, high-voltage

189

D.A. Solnyshkov, A.N. Kuzhlev, N.P. Mikulinas, A.V. Morozov, V.D. Shiltsev, G.G. Voronin
NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia

Recently, in NIIEFA has been designed a series of high-voltage accelerators intended to produce continuous and pulse neutron fluxes with a yield from 10 to the tenth power to 10 to the twelwth power. The facilities designed can be used for operation in the continuous, microsecond and nanosecond modes, in any combination. In the pulse microsecond mode, ion currents of up to 100 mA with pulse lengths ranging from 2 up to 100 mks can be obtained on target. In the nanosecond mode, the accelerator allows an ion beam current of up to 5 mA with a pulse length in the range of 2-30 ns to be obtained.

Slides FRACH02 [2.507 MB]

FRYOR01

Recent Development in ECR Ion Sources at FLNR JINR

ion, cyclotron, injection, extraction

203

S.L. Bogomolov, V.B. Bekhterev, A.A. Efremov, B. Gikal, G.G. Gulbekyan, Yu.K. Kostyukhov, N. Lebedev, V.N. Loginov, Yu. Yazvitsky
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

In the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions (JINR) the development of ion sources based on the plasma electrons heating at the frequency of electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) is stimulated by the necessity of the accelerator complex (U-400, U-400M and CI-100 cyclotrons) upgrading as well as by creation of the new high current cyclotrons for basic and applied research. Six ECR ion sources have been operated in the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions (JINR) supplying various ion species for the U400 and U400M cyclotrons correspondingly for experiments on the synthesis of heavy and exotic nuclei using ion beams of stable and radioactive isotopes, for solid state physics experiments and polymer membrane fabrication. In this paper the new development concerned with modernization of ECR4M ion source, development of the new superconducting ion source DECRIS-SC2 and creation of the DECRIS-5 ion source for the DC-110 cyclotron complex will be presented.

Slides FRYOR01 [5.754 MB]

FRYOR02

Status Report on Physics Research and Technology Developments of Electron String Ion Sources of Multicharged Ions

ion, electron, injection, solenoid

208

E.E. Donets, D.E. Donets, E.D. Donets, S.V. Gudkov, A.Yu. Ramsdorf, V.V. Salnikov, V.B. Shutov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

Electron String Ion Source (ESIS) "Krion-2" (JINR) is the first and now only ion source of such type in the world. ESIS is a sophisticated modification of Electron Beam Ion Source (EBIS) working in a reflex mode of operation under very specific conditions. The main results, which were achieved during recent years are: Au⁵⁴⁺ ion beams with intensity 5x10⁷ particle per pulse were first produced, ion-ion cooling technology was demonstrated to prove its efficiency for a thermal ion loss reduction and Krion-2 was used for production and injection of Xe⁴²⁺ ion beam into LINAC injector of JINR synchrotron Nuclotron, where the beam was first accelerated to relativistic energy in March 2010 [1-3]. At the present time an essential progress was achieved in construction of the new 6 Tesla ESIS, which is expected to be the full scale prototype of a highly charged ion source for NICA - the new JINR accelerator complex. It is foreseen in the NICA project that new ESIS will provide Au³²⁺ beams with ion yield about 2x10⁹ ppp. However, a project parameters of new Krion-6T ion source allow to expect production of even more highly charged states of heavy elements, up to Au⁶⁹⁺ in terms of gold. In this case new Krion-6T ESIS is planned to be used on operating JINR "Nuclotron" facility in near future for experiments with an extracted accelerated gold ion beams on a fixed target.
*[1] D.E. Donets, et all, 2010 JINST 5 C09001;
http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-0221/5/09/C09001.
**[2] D.E. Donets, et all, RSI 80, 063304 (2009).
***[3] D.E. Donets, et all, RSI 83, 02A512 (2012).

FRBOR01

Progress in the Negative Ion Sources Development

ion, plasma, cathode, brightness

213

V.G. Dudnikov
Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA

Modern trends and recent progress in development of negative ion sources will be considered and analyzed. Surface Plasma Sources (SPS) rely on cesium-enhanced plasma surface reactions to produce negative ions are main sources delivering the negative ion beam for charge exchange injection in accelerators and fusion devices. After development of the SPS with cesiation the negative ion beam intensity has increased up to ~10⁴ times, from a record 3 mA to more than 40 A. Since the original conception of SPS with cesiation, many modifications and improvements have been made such that they constitute a mature and reliable technology today. The world-wide effort on the development and use of SPS with cesiation has increased to more than a thousand highly qualified scientists, engineers, technicians, workers, and administrators. The cost scale of advanced SPS has increased from ~ k to ~ M. SPS with cesiation have become "sources of life" and "working horses" for big installations such as SNS, LANSCE, BNL, FNAL, ISIS, KEK, JT 60 (Japanese tokamak), and the LHD (Large Helicon Device). Large development projects include the SPS for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). The development and fabrication of injectors with cesiated SPS has become a billion dollar scale industry.

Slides FRBOR01 [8.083 MB]

TUPPB033

Simplified Beam Line with Space Charge Compensation of Low Energy Ion Beam

ion, space-charge, plasma, electron

388

A.V. Dudnikov
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

Simplified beam line for low energy Ion implantation is considered. Compensation of the space charge of high perveance, low energy ion beam in beam lines for ion implantation and isotope separation has been investigated. Space charge compensation and overcompensation by ions will be considered. Different mechanisms of the compensating particle formation such as ionization by the beam, secondary emission of electrons and negative ions, electronegative gas admixture, and external plasma sources will be discussed. Advanced space charge compensation increases an intensity of low energy ion beam after analyzer magnet up to 3–4 times. Space charge compensation of positive ion beam by admixture of electronegative gases and damping of the beam instability will be discussed. Up to 6 mA of 11B+ ions with energy 3 keV, 11 mA with 5 keV, and 18 mA with 10 keV have been transported through an analyzer magnet of a high current implanter with space charge compensation by electronegative gases

TUPPB047

The Triode-type System on the Basis of the Field Emitter Modeling

cathode, electron, controls, vacuum

418

D.S. Televnyi
St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
E.M. Vinogradova
Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

The mathematical model of a cylindrical triode-type system on the basis of the field emitter is under consideration. The internal area of the system is filled of two different dielectrics. Effect of space charge is not considered. The field emitter is modeled by a charged filament of finite length, which located on the system's axis. The modulator has a form of a circular diaphragm. The Poisson equation with the given values of potentials at the electrodes is solved. The variable separation method is used to determine distribution of electrostatic potential. An unknown function of the charge density is approximated by a piecewise constant linear function. The problem of finding unknown coefficients in the potential eigenfunction expansion is reduced to the linear algebraic equations system. Numerical calculations emitter's forms are represented.

TUPPB053

High Duty Cycle Ion Sources at GSI and FAIR

ion, ECRIS, plasma, electron

433

J. Pfister, A. Adonin, W.A. Barth, R. Hollinger, K. Tinschert
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

Future heavy ion experiments at GSI and FAIR demand for high current as well as highly brilliant ion beams of various metallic and gaseous ions produced by the GSI accelerator facility. Therefore GSI's Ion Source Group is developing and operating various types of ion sources feeding the linac at 2.2keV/u with a maximum mass-over-charge ratio of 65. In this contribution a status overview of operated high duty cycle ion sources including important ion source data as beam current, beam spectrum, transverse emittance, duty factor and transmission along the LEBT as well as future perspectives for the ion source operation for FAIR is presented.

TUPPB054

High Current Ion Sources for the FAIR Accelerator Facility

ion, injection, plasma, extraction

436

R. Hollinger, A. Adonin, W.A. Barth, J. Pfister
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
N. Chauvin
CEA/DSM/IRFU, France

Vacuum Arc Ion Sources and filament driven Multi Cusp Ion Sources are used for the production of high current ion beams of a variety of metallic and gaseous ions at the GSI accelerator facility. For the future project FAIR (Facility of Antiproton and Ion Research) it is foreseen to provide in addition a high current proton beam and an exclusive uranium beam from two new ion source injectors. The contribution gives an overview of the performance of the existing high current injector and presents the challenges for the future injectors for proton and uranium production.

TUPPB058

Improving Efficiency of Plasma Generation in H⁻ Ion Source with Saddle Antenna

plasma, ion, gun, electron

439

V.G. Dudnikov, R.P. Johnson
Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA
S.N. Murray, T.R. Pennisi, M.F. Piller, M. Santana, M.P. Stockli, R.F. Welton
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

Funding: Work supported in part by US DOE Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 and by STTR grant DE-SC0002690.
Progress in development of RF ion source with saddle radio frequency (SA) (RF) antenna which will provide better power efficiency for high pulsed and average current, higher brightness with longer lifetime and higher reliability is considered. Several versions of new plasma generators with different antennas and magnetic field configurations were tested in the Test Stand. The efficiency of positive ion plasma generation has been improved ~4x times up to 0.18 A/cm² per 1 kW of RF power 13.56 MHz. A new version of the RF assisted triggering plasma source (TPS) has been designed, fabricated and tested. A Saddle antenna SPS with water cooling is being fabricated for high duty factor have been tested.