RUPAC2012 - List of Keywords (space-charge)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
TUYCH02	Beam Cooling at NICA Collider	ion, collider, accumulation, electron	53
	T. Katayama GSI, Darmstadt, Germany I.N. Meshkov, G.V. Trubnikov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	At the NICA collider project it is planned to make collision of 24 short bunches, each containing around 10⁹ 197Au⁷⁹⁺ ions, at the two colliding points in the ring. The operation energy is envisaged from 1 GeV/u to 4.5 GeV/u. To prepare such beam conditions, the beam cooling technique, stochastic and electron beam, is employed at the beam accumulation from the injector Nuclotron and the following short bunch formation stage. Rather long pulse beam could be injected and accumulated in the collider with use of barrier voltage and beam cooling. After the enough beam accumulation, typically 2.4·10¹⁰, the high voltage RF with harmonic number 24 is applied to the accumulated coasting beam as well as the beam cooling which allow us to make the required short bunch of around 1nsec rms bunch length. The equilibrium condition is attained after 100~200 sec cooling, with the balance of RF force, cooling effects, IBS diffusion and the space charge repulsion force. In the present paper, detailed simulation results of beam accumulation and short bunch formation with stochastic cooling and electron cooling are presented including the space charge effects.
	Slides TUYCH02 [6.065 MB]

TUPPB008	SNOP – Beam Dynamics Analysis Code for Compact Cyclotrons	cyclotron, simulation, extraction, acceleration	325
	V.L. Smirnov JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia S.B. Vorozhtsov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	The program complex intended for particle dynamic simulations in a compact cyclotron from an injection line to the extraction system is described. The main features of the program SNOP are usage of 3D electric and magnetic field maps, beam space charge effect calculation and analysis of the beam losses on structure elements of the facility under consideration. An optimal usage of the modern computer capabilities and graphic libraries for visualization is a key issue in the program development. The beam dynamic modeling results for various cyclotrons are presented.

TUPPB033	Simplified Beam Line with Space Charge Compensation of Low Energy Ion Beam	ion, ion-source, plasma, electron	388
	A.V. Dudnikov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Simplified beam line for low energy Ion implantation is considered. Compensation of the space charge of high perveance, low energy ion beam in beam lines for ion implantation and isotope separation has been investigated. Space charge compensation and overcompensation by ions will be considered. Different mechanisms of the compensating particle formation such as ionization by the beam, secondary emission of electrons and negative ions, electronegative gas admixture, and external plasma sources will be discussed. Advanced space charge compensation increases an intensity of low energy ion beam after analyzer magnet up to 3–4 times. Space charge compensation of positive ion beam by admixture of electronegative gases and damping of the beam instability will be discussed. Up to 6 mA of 11B+ ions with energy 3 keV, 11 mA with 5 keV, and 18 mA with 10 keV have been transported through an analyzer magnet of a high current implanter with space charge compensation by electronegative gases

TUPPB044	The Knife-Edged Field Emitter Mathematical Modeling	cathode, vacuum, controls, background	412
	E.M. Vinogradova, M.G. Fomenko Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
	Numerous nano-scale electronic devices are based on the field emitters such as carbon nanotubes. The field emitters are extensively applied in the various domains of an instrument engineering. In the present work the problem of a field emission cathode as the knife-edged field emitter mathematical modeling is solved. The supposed shapes of the emission diode system with the field emitter are the lune's type (as a cathode) and the infinitely thin spherical segment (as an anode). The effect of the space charge is neglected. The boundary - value problem for the Laplace equation in the toroidal coordinate system is presented. To solve the electrostatic problem the variable separation method is used. The potential distribution is represented as the series with respect to Legendre functions. The boundary conditions and the normal derivative continuity conditions lead to the linear algebraic equations system relative to the series coefficients. In this way the distribution of the potentials for the whole region of the considered electro-optical systems was obtained.

TUPPB045	The Field Cathodes with the Effect of Space Charge Modeling	electron, cathode, vacuum, brightness	415
	M.A. Makarova, E.M. Vinogradova Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
	This work is devoted to the question of the effect of space charge on the field electron emission. The electrostatic potential distributions for the diode emission systems are calculated. The diode systems, which can be readily constructed, is generally used for the characterization of field emission properties of novel materials. They have some effective applications in vacuum nano- and microelectronics. In this work the plane diode emission system and cylindrical diode emission system are investigated. The solutions of Poisson's equation for the electrostatic potential distribution are received for the boundary-value problems. The right side of Poisson's equation is assumed to be the piecewise constant function. The charge conservation law and the energy conservation law are used. One and two dimensional cases are investigated.

TUPPB048	The Multi-Tip Field Emission Cathode Mathematical Modeling	cathode, lattice, electron, vacuum	421
	N.V. Egorov, E.M. Vinogradova Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
	The multi-tip field cathode as the field emission cathode arrays for rectangular lattice is considered. The field emission cathodes are of interest for vacuum nano-scale electronic devices. The electrostatic potential distribution is presented for the periodic system of free-number thin tips on a plane substrate as a field emission cathode and a plane substrate as an anode. The tips shape may be various. The potential of the substrate and cathode is equal the zero, the anode's potential is equal a constant. The effect of space charge is neglected. The each tip is represented as a system of the point charges. The point charges are determined to the zero equipotential coincides with the cathode's shape. The potential distribution is found for whole region of the field emission cathode arrays. The exact three-dimensional solution to the Laplace/Poisson equation has been obtained in the Cartesian coordinate system. This solution has direct applications in three-dimensional calculations of electron trajectories in micron- and submicron-sized field-emitter arrays.

WEPPD049	Software for Virtual Accelerator Environment	controls, simulation, lattice, EPICS	653
	N.V. Kulabukhova St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
	The article discusses appropriate technologies for software implementation of the Virtual Accelerator. The Virtual Accelerator is considered as a set of services and tools enabling transparent execution of computational software for modeling beam dynamics in accelerators on distributed computing resources. Control system toolkits EPICS, realization of the GUI with existing frameworks and visualization of the data are discussed in the paper. The presented research consists of software analysis for realization of interaction between all levels of the Virtual Accelerator.

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

TUYCH02

Beam Cooling at NICA Collider

ion, collider, accumulation, electron

53

T. Katayama
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
I.N. Meshkov, G.V. Trubnikov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

At the NICA collider project it is planned to make collision of 24 short bunches, each containing around 10⁹ 197Au⁷⁹⁺ ions, at the two colliding points in the ring. The operation energy is envisaged from 1 GeV/u to 4.5 GeV/u. To prepare such beam conditions, the beam cooling technique, stochastic and electron beam, is employed at the beam accumulation from the injector Nuclotron and the following short bunch formation stage. Rather long pulse beam could be injected and accumulated in the collider with use of barrier voltage and beam cooling. After the enough beam accumulation, typically 2.4·10¹⁰, the high voltage RF with harmonic number 24 is applied to the accumulated coasting beam as well as the beam cooling which allow us to make the required short bunch of around 1nsec rms bunch length. The equilibrium condition is attained after 100~200 sec cooling, with the balance of RF force, cooling effects, IBS diffusion and the space charge repulsion force. In the present paper, detailed simulation results of beam accumulation and short bunch formation with stochastic cooling and electron cooling are presented including the space charge effects.

Slides TUYCH02 [6.065 MB]

TUPPB008

SNOP – Beam Dynamics Analysis Code for Compact Cyclotrons

cyclotron, simulation, extraction, acceleration

325

V.L. Smirnov
JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
S.B. Vorozhtsov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

The program complex intended for particle dynamic simulations in a compact cyclotron from an injection line to the extraction system is described. The main features of the program SNOP are usage of 3D electric and magnetic field maps, beam space charge effect calculation and analysis of the beam losses on structure elements of the facility under consideration. An optimal usage of the modern computer capabilities and graphic libraries for visualization is a key issue in the program development. The beam dynamic modeling results for various cyclotrons are presented.

TUPPB033

Simplified Beam Line with Space Charge Compensation of Low Energy Ion Beam

ion, ion-source, plasma, electron

388

A.V. Dudnikov
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

Simplified beam line for low energy Ion implantation is considered. Compensation of the space charge of high perveance, low energy ion beam in beam lines for ion implantation and isotope separation has been investigated. Space charge compensation and overcompensation by ions will be considered. Different mechanisms of the compensating particle formation such as ionization by the beam, secondary emission of electrons and negative ions, electronegative gas admixture, and external plasma sources will be discussed. Advanced space charge compensation increases an intensity of low energy ion beam after analyzer magnet up to 3–4 times. Space charge compensation of positive ion beam by admixture of electronegative gases and damping of the beam instability will be discussed. Up to 6 mA of 11B+ ions with energy 3 keV, 11 mA with 5 keV, and 18 mA with 10 keV have been transported through an analyzer magnet of a high current implanter with space charge compensation by electronegative gases

TUPPB044

The Knife-Edged Field Emitter Mathematical Modeling

cathode, vacuum, controls, background

412

E.M. Vinogradova, M.G. Fomenko
Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

Numerous nano-scale electronic devices are based on the field emitters such as carbon nanotubes. The field emitters are extensively applied in the various domains of an instrument engineering. In the present work the problem of a field emission cathode as the knife-edged field emitter mathematical modeling is solved. The supposed shapes of the emission diode system with the field emitter are the lune's type (as a cathode) and the infinitely thin spherical segment (as an anode). The effect of the space charge is neglected. The boundary - value problem for the Laplace equation in the toroidal coordinate system is presented. To solve the electrostatic problem the variable separation method is used. The potential distribution is represented as the series with respect to Legendre functions. The boundary conditions and the normal derivative continuity conditions lead to the linear algebraic equations system relative to the series coefficients. In this way the distribution of the potentials for the whole region of the considered electro-optical systems was obtained.

TUPPB045

The Field Cathodes with the Effect of Space Charge Modeling

electron, cathode, vacuum, brightness

415

M.A. Makarova, E.M. Vinogradova
Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

This work is devoted to the question of the effect of space charge on the field electron emission. The electrostatic potential distributions for the diode emission systems are calculated. The diode systems, which can be readily constructed, is generally used for the characterization of field emission properties of novel materials. They have some effective applications in vacuum nano- and microelectronics. In this work the plane diode emission system and cylindrical diode emission system are investigated. The solutions of Poisson's equation for the electrostatic potential distribution are received for the boundary-value problems. The right side of Poisson's equation is assumed to be the piecewise constant function. The charge conservation law and the energy conservation law are used. One and two dimensional cases are investigated.

TUPPB048

The Multi-Tip Field Emission Cathode Mathematical Modeling

cathode, lattice, electron, vacuum

421

N.V. Egorov, E.M. Vinogradova
Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

The multi-tip field cathode as the field emission cathode arrays for rectangular lattice is considered. The field emission cathodes are of interest for vacuum nano-scale electronic devices. The electrostatic potential distribution is presented for the periodic system of free-number thin tips on a plane substrate as a field emission cathode and a plane substrate as an anode. The tips shape may be various. The potential of the substrate and cathode is equal the zero, the anode's potential is equal a constant. The effect of space charge is neglected. The each tip is represented as a system of the point charges. The point charges are determined to the zero equipotential coincides with the cathode's shape. The potential distribution is found for whole region of the field emission cathode arrays. The exact three-dimensional solution to the Laplace/Poisson equation has been obtained in the Cartesian coordinate system. This solution has direct applications in three-dimensional calculations of electron trajectories in micron- and submicron-sized field-emitter arrays.

WEPPD049

Software for Virtual Accelerator Environment

controls, simulation, lattice, EPICS

653

N.V. Kulabukhova
St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

The article discusses appropriate technologies for software implementation of the Virtual Accelerator. The Virtual Accelerator is considered as a set of services and tools enabling transparent execution of computational software for modeling beam dynamics in accelerators on distributed computing resources. Control system toolkits EPICS, realization of the GUI with existing frameworks and visualization of the data are discussed in the paper. The presented research consists of software analysis for realization of interaction between all levels of the Virtual Accelerator.