NAPAC2016 - List of Keywords (space-charge)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
TUA1CO04	Simulation of Beam Dynamics in a Strong Focusing Cyclotron	ion, cyclotron, cavity, focusing	251
	P.M. McIntyre, J. Gerity, A. Sattarov Texas A&M University, College Station, USA S. Assadi HiTek ESE LLC, Madison, USA K.E. Badgley Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA N. Pogue LLNL, Livermore, California, USA
	Funding: This work is supported by the US Dept. of Energy Accelerator Stewardship Program. The strong-focusing cyclotron is an isochronous sector cyclotron in which slot-geometry superconducting half-cell cavities are used to provide sufficient energy gain per turn to fully separate orbits and superconducting quadrupoles are located in the aperture of each sector dipole to provide strong focusing and control betatron tune. The SFC offers the possibility to address the several effects that most limit beam current in a CW cyclotron: space charge, bunch-bunch interactions, resonance-crossing, and wake fields. Simulation of optical transport and beam dynamics entails several new challenges: the combined-function fields in the sectors must be properly treated in a strongly curving geometry, and the strong energy gain induces continuous mixing of horizontal betatron and synchrotron phase space. We present a systematic simulation of optical transport using modified versions of MAD-X and SYNERGIA. We report progress in introducing further elements that will set the stage for studying dynamics of high-current bunches.
	Slides TUA1CO04 [15.462 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2016-TUA1CO04
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WEPOA28	A Recirculating Proton Linac Design	ion, linac, cavity, proton	752
	K. Hwang, J. Qiang LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	The acceleration efficiency of the recirculating RF linac was demonstrated by operating electron machines. The acceleration concept of recirculating proton beam was recently proposed and is currently under study. In this paper, we present a 6D lattice design and beam dynamics tracking for a two-pass recirculating proton linac from 150 MeV to 500 MeV, which is the first section of the three acceleration steps proposed earlier. Issues covered are optimization of simultaneous focusing of two beams passing the same structure and achromatic condition under space-charge potential.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2016-WEPOA28
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WEPOA44	Accleration System of Beam Brightness Booster	ion, brightness, proton, electron	796
	V.G. Dudnikov Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA A.V. Dudnikov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	The brightness and intensity of a circulating proton beam now can be increased up to space charge limit by means of charge exchange injection or by an electron cooling but cannot be increased above this limit. Significantly higher brightness can be produced by means of the charge exchange injection with the space charge compensation [1]. The brightness of the space charge compensated beam is limited at low level by development of the electron-proton (e-p) instability [2]. Fortunately, e-p instability can be self-stabilized at a high beam density. A beam brightness booster (BBB) for significant increase of accumulated beam brightness is discussed. Accelerating system with a space charge compensation is proposed and described. The superintense beam production can be simplified by developing of nonlinear nearly integrable focusing system with broad spread of betatron tune and the broadband feedback system for e-p instability suppression . [1] V. Dudnikov, in Proceedings of the Particle Accelerator Conference, Chicago, 2001.. [2] G. Budker, et al., Sov. Atomic Energy 22, 384 (1967);
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2016-WEPOA44
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WEPOB29	Modeling of Dark Current Generation and Transport Using the IMPACT-T Code	ion, electron, cavity, cathode	964
	J. Qiang, K. Hwang LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	Dark current from unwanted electrons in photoinjector can present significant danger to the accelerator operation by causing damage to photocathode and power deposition onto conducting wall. In this paper, we present numerical models of dark current generation from the field emission and from the electron impact ionization of the residual gas that were recently developed in the IMPACT-T code. We also report on the application of above numerical model to an LCLS-II like photoinjector.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2016-WEPOB29
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WEPOB56	Beam Optics for the RHIC Low Energy Electron Cooler (LEReC)	ion, electron, booster, emittance	1015
	J. Kewisch, A.V. Fedotov, D. Kayran, S. Seletskiy BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy. A Low-energy RHIC Electron Cooler (LEReC) system is presently under construction at Brookhaven National Laboratory. This device shall enable gold ion collisions at energies below the design injection energy with sufficient luminosity. Electron beam with energies between 1.6, 2.0 and 2.6 MeV are necessary. This machine will be the first to attempt electron cooling using bunched electron beam, using a 703 MHz SRF cavity for acceleration. Special consideration must be given to the effect of space charge forces on the transverse and longitudinal beam quality. We will present the current layout of the cooler and beam parameter simulations using the computer codes PARMELA.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2016-WEPOB56
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WEPOB68	DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF EMITTANCE MEASUREMENT WITH MULTI-SLIT FOR LEREC	ion, emittance, electron, simulation	1045
	C. Liu, A.V. Fedotov, J. Kewisch, M.G. Minty BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy. To improve the luminosity of beam energy scan of low energy Au-Au collision, a electron machine is under con- struction to cool ion beams in both RHIC rings with pulsed electron beam. Over the course of the project, a multi- slit device is needed to characterize the transverse beam emittance of three energies, 0.4, 1.6 and 2.6 MeV. This re- port shows the optimization and compromise of the design, which include the slit width, slit spacing, and drift space from the multi-slit to the downstream profile monitor.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2016-WEPOB68
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THPOA18	Simulating Batch-on-Batch Slip-Stacking in the Fermilab Recycler Using a New Multiple Interacting Bunch Capability in Synergia	ion, simulation, collective-effects, wakefield	1135
	E.G. Stern, R. Ainsworth, J.F. Amundson, Q. Lu Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: U.S. Department of Energy, contract DE-AC02-07CH11359 The Recycler is an 8 GeV/c proton storage ring at Fermilab. To achieve the 700 MW beam power goals for the NOvA neutrino oscillation experiment, the Recycler accumulates 12 batches of 80-bunch trains from the Booster using slip-stacking. One set of bunch trains are injected into the ring and decelerated, then a second set is injected at the nominal momentum. The trains slip past each other longitudinally due to their momenta difference. We have recently extended the multi-bunch portion of the Synergia beam simulation program to allow co-propagation of bunch trains at different momenta. In doing so, we have expanded the applicability of the massively parallel multi-bunch physics portion of Synergia to include new categories of bunch-bunch interactions. We present results from our first application of these capabilities to batch-on-batch slip stacking in the Recycler.
	Poster THPOA18 [2.144 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2016-THPOA18
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THPOA20	Simulation of Multipacting with Space Charge Effect in PIP-II 650 MHz Cavities	ion, simulation, multipactoring, cavity	1142
	G.V. Romanov Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	The central element of the Proton Improvement Plan -II at Fermilab is a new 800 MeV superconducting linac, injecting into the existing Booster. Multipacting affects superconducting RF cavities in the entire range from high energy elliptical cavities to coaxial resonators for low-beta part of the linac. The extensive simulations of multipacting in the cavities with updated material properties and comparison of the results with experimental data are routinely performed during electromagnetic design at Fermilab. This work is focused on multipacting study in the low-beta and high-beta 650 MHz elliptical cavities. The new advanced computing capabilities made it possible to take the space charge effect into account in this study. The results of the simulations and new features of multipacting due to the space charge effect are discussed.
	Poster THPOA20 [3.572 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2016-THPOA20
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THPOA23	Adaptive Matching of the IOTA Ring Linear Optics for Space Charge Compensation	ion, lattice, insertion, experiment	1152
	A.L. Romanov, A. Valishev Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA D.L. Bruhwiler, N.M. Cook, C.C. Hall RadiaSoft LLC, Boulder, Colorado, USA
	Many present and future accelerators must operate with high intensity beams when distortions induced by space charge forces are among major limiting factors. Betatron tune depression of above approximately 0.1 per cell leads to significant distortions of linear optics. Many aspects of machine operation depend on proper relations between lattice functions and phase advances, and can be improved with proper treatment of space charge effects. We implement an adaptive algorithm for linear lattice re-matching with full account of space charge in the linear approximation for the case of Fermilab's IOTA ring. The method is based on a search for initial second moments that give closed solution and, at the same time, satisfy predefined set of goals for emittances, beta functions, dispersions and phase advances at and between points of interest. Iterative singular value decomposition based technique is used to search for optimum by varying wide array of model parameters.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2016-THPOA23
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THPOA30	SCHARGEV 1.0 - Strong Space Charge Vlasov Solver	ion, impedance, dipole, feedback	1164
	T. Zolkin, A.V. Burov Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	The space charge (SC) is known to be one of the major limitations for the collective transverse beam stability. When space charge is strong, i.e. SC tune shift much greater than synchrotron tune, the problem allows an exact analytical solution. For that practically important case we present a fast and effective Vlasov solver SCHARGEV (Space CHARGE Vlasov) which calculates a complete eigensystem (spatial shapes of modes and frequency spectra) and therefore provides the growth rates and the thresholds of instabilities. SCHARGEV 1.0 includes driving and detuning wake forces, and, any feedback system (damper). In the next version we will include coupled bunch interaction and Landau damping. Numerical examples for FermiLab Recycler and CERN SPS are presented.
	Poster THPOA30 [1.493 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2016-THPOA30
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THA3CO04	Space Charge Compensation Using Electron Columns and Electron Lenses at IOTA	ion, electron, proton, solenoid	1257
	C.S. Park, D. Milana, V.D. Shiltsev, G. Stancari, J.C.T. Thangaraj Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA D. Milana Politecnico/Milano, Milano, Italy
	Funding: This work was supported by the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-07CH11359. The ability to transport a high current proton beam in a ring is ultimately limited by space charge effects. Two novel ways to overcome this limit in a proton ring are by adding low energy, externally matched electron beams (electron lens, e-lens), and by taking advantage of residual gas ionization induced neutralization to create an electron column (e-column). Theory predicts that an appropriately confined electrons can completely compensate the space charge through neutralization, both transversely and longitudinally. In this report, we will discuss the current status of the Fermilab's e-lens experiment for the space charge compensation. In addition, we will show how the IOTA e-column compensates space charge with the WARP simulations. The dynamics of proton beams inside of the e-column isunderstood by changing the magnetic field of a solenoid, the voltage on the electrodes, and the vacuum pressure, and by looking for electron accumulation, as well as by considering various beam dynamics in the IOTA ring.
	Slides THA3CO04 [42.834 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2016-THA3CO04
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

TUA1CO04

Simulation of Beam Dynamics in a Strong Focusing Cyclotron

ion, cyclotron, cavity, focusing

251

P.M. McIntyre, J. Gerity, A. Sattarov
Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
S. Assadi
HiTek ESE LLC, Madison, USA
K.E. Badgley
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
N. Pogue
LLNL, Livermore, California, USA

Funding: This work is supported by the US Dept. of Energy Accelerator Stewardship Program.
The strong-focusing cyclotron is an isochronous sector cyclotron in which slot-geometry superconducting half-cell cavities are used to provide sufficient energy gain per turn to fully separate orbits and superconducting quadrupoles are located in the aperture of each sector dipole to provide strong focusing and control betatron tune. The SFC offers the possibility to address the several effects that most limit beam current in a CW cyclotron: space charge, bunch-bunch interactions, resonance-crossing, and wake fields. Simulation of optical transport and beam dynamics entails several new challenges: the combined-function fields in the sectors must be properly treated in a strongly curving geometry, and the strong energy gain induces continuous mixing of horizontal betatron and synchrotron phase space. We present a systematic simulation of optical transport using modified versions of MAD-X and SYNERGIA. We report progress in introducing further elements that will set the stage for studying dynamics of high-current bunches.

Slides TUA1CO04 [15.462 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2016-TUA1CO04

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reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPOA28

A Recirculating Proton Linac Design

ion, linac, cavity, proton

752

K. Hwang, J. Qiang
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

The acceleration efficiency of the recirculating RF linac was demonstrated by operating electron machines. The acceleration concept of recirculating proton beam was recently proposed and is currently under study. In this paper, we present a 6D lattice design and beam dynamics tracking for a two-pass recirculating proton linac from 150 MeV to 500 MeV, which is the first section of the three acceleration steps proposed earlier. Issues covered are optimization of simultaneous focusing of two beams passing the same structure and achromatic condition under space-charge potential.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2016-WEPOA28

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WEPOA44

Accleration System of Beam Brightness Booster

ion, brightness, proton, electron

796

V.G. Dudnikov
Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA
A.V. Dudnikov
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

The brightness and intensity of a circulating proton beam now can be increased up to space charge limit by means of charge exchange injection or by an electron cooling but cannot be increased above this limit. Significantly higher brightness can be produced by means of the charge exchange injection with the space charge compensation [1]. The brightness of the space charge compensated beam is limited at low level by development of the electron-proton (e-p) instability [2]. Fortunately, e-p instability can be self-stabilized at a high beam density. A beam brightness booster (BBB) for significant increase of accumulated beam brightness is discussed. Accelerating system with a space charge compensation is proposed and described. The superintense beam production can be simplified by developing of nonlinear nearly integrable focusing system with broad spread of betatron tune and the broadband feedback system for e-p instability suppression .
[1] V. Dudnikov, in Proceedings of the Particle Accelerator Conference, Chicago, 2001..
[2] G. Budker, et al., Sov. Atomic Energy 22, 384 (1967);

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2016-WEPOA44

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WEPOB29

Modeling of Dark Current Generation and Transport Using the IMPACT-T Code

ion, electron, cavity, cathode

964

J. Qiang, K. Hwang
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Dark current from unwanted electrons in photoinjector can present significant danger to the accelerator operation by causing damage to photocathode and power deposition onto conducting wall. In this paper, we present numerical models of dark current generation from the field emission and from the electron impact ionization of the residual gas that were recently developed in the IMPACT-T code. We also report on the application of above numerical model to an LCLS-II like photoinjector.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2016-WEPOB29

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WEPOB56

Beam Optics for the RHIC Low Energy Electron Cooler (LEReC)

ion, electron, booster, emittance

1015

J. Kewisch, A.V. Fedotov, D. Kayran, S. Seletskiy
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
A Low-energy RHIC Electron Cooler (LEReC) system is presently under construction at Brookhaven National Laboratory. This device shall enable gold ion collisions at energies below the design injection energy with sufficient luminosity. Electron beam with energies between 1.6, 2.0 and 2.6 MeV are necessary. This machine will be the first to attempt electron cooling using bunched electron beam, using a 703 MHz SRF cavity for acceleration. Special consideration must be given to the effect of space charge forces on the transverse and longitudinal beam quality. We will present the current layout of the cooler and beam parameter simulations using the computer codes PARMELA.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2016-WEPOB56

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WEPOB68

DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF EMITTANCE MEASUREMENT WITH MULTI-SLIT FOR LEREC

ion, emittance, electron, simulation

1045

C. Liu, A.V. Fedotov, J. Kewisch, M.G. Minty
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
To improve the luminosity of beam energy scan of low energy Au-Au collision, a electron machine is under con- struction to cool ion beams in both RHIC rings with pulsed electron beam. Over the course of the project, a multi- slit device is needed to characterize the transverse beam emittance of three energies, 0.4, 1.6 and 2.6 MeV. This re- port shows the optimization and compromise of the design, which include the slit width, slit spacing, and drift space from the multi-slit to the downstream profile monitor.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2016-WEPOB68

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reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPOA18

Simulating Batch-on-Batch Slip-Stacking in the Fermilab Recycler Using a New Multiple Interacting Bunch Capability in Synergia

ion, simulation, collective-effects, wakefield

1135

E.G. Stern, R. Ainsworth, J.F. Amundson, Q. Lu
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: U.S. Department of Energy, contract DE-AC02-07CH11359
The Recycler is an 8 GeV/c proton storage ring at Fermilab. To achieve the 700 MW beam power goals for the NOvA neutrino oscillation experiment, the Recycler accumulates 12 batches of 80-bunch trains from the Booster using slip-stacking. One set of bunch trains are injected into the ring and decelerated, then a second set is injected at the nominal momentum. The trains slip past each other longitudinally due to their momenta difference. We have recently extended the multi-bunch portion of the Synergia beam simulation program to allow co-propagation of bunch trains at different momenta. In doing so, we have expanded the applicability of the massively parallel multi-bunch physics portion of Synergia to include new categories of bunch-bunch interactions. We present results from our first application of these capabilities to batch-on-batch slip stacking in the Recycler.

Poster THPOA18 [2.144 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2016-THPOA18

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THPOA20

Simulation of Multipacting with Space Charge Effect in PIP-II 650 MHz Cavities

ion, simulation, multipactoring, cavity

1142

G.V. Romanov
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

The central element of the Proton Improvement Plan -II at Fermilab is a new 800 MeV superconducting linac, injecting into the existing Booster. Multipacting affects superconducting RF cavities in the entire range from high energy elliptical cavities to coaxial resonators for low-beta part of the linac. The extensive simulations of multipacting in the cavities with updated material properties and comparison of the results with experimental data are routinely performed during electromagnetic design at Fermilab. This work is focused on multipacting study in the low-beta and high-beta 650 MHz elliptical cavities. The new advanced computing capabilities made it possible to take the space charge effect into account in this study. The results of the simulations and new features of multipacting due to the space charge effect are discussed.

Poster THPOA20 [3.572 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2016-THPOA20

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THPOA23

Adaptive Matching of the IOTA Ring Linear Optics for Space Charge Compensation

ion, lattice, insertion, experiment

1152

A.L. Romanov, A. Valishev
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
D.L. Bruhwiler, N.M. Cook, C.C. Hall
RadiaSoft LLC, Boulder, Colorado, USA

Many present and future accelerators must operate with high intensity beams when distortions induced by space charge forces are among major limiting factors. Betatron tune depression of above approximately 0.1 per cell leads to significant distortions of linear optics. Many aspects of machine operation depend on proper relations between lattice functions and phase advances, and can be improved with proper treatment of space charge effects. We implement an adaptive algorithm for linear lattice re-matching with full account of space charge in the linear approximation for the case of Fermilab's IOTA ring. The method is based on a search for initial second moments that give closed solution and, at the same time, satisfy predefined set of goals for emittances, beta functions, dispersions and phase advances at and between points of interest. Iterative singular value decomposition based technique is used to search for optimum by varying wide array of model parameters.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2016-THPOA23

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reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPOA30

SCHARGEV 1.0 - Strong Space Charge Vlasov Solver

ion, impedance, dipole, feedback

1164

T. Zolkin, A.V. Burov
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

The space charge (SC) is known to be one of the major limitations for the collective transverse beam stability. When space charge is strong, i.e. SC tune shift much greater than synchrotron tune, the problem allows an exact analytical solution. For that practically important case we present a fast and effective Vlasov solver SCHARGEV (Space CHARGE Vlasov) which calculates a complete eigensystem (spatial shapes of modes and frequency spectra) and therefore provides the growth rates and the thresholds of instabilities. SCHARGEV 1.0 includes driving and detuning wake forces, and, any feedback system (damper). In the next version we will include coupled bunch interaction and Landau damping. Numerical examples for FermiLab Recycler and CERN SPS are presented.

Poster THPOA30 [1.493 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2016-THPOA30

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THA3CO04

Space Charge Compensation Using Electron Columns and Electron Lenses at IOTA

ion, electron, proton, solenoid

1257

C.S. Park, D. Milana, V.D. Shiltsev, G. Stancari, J.C.T. Thangaraj
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
D. Milana
Politecnico/Milano, Milano, Italy

Funding: This work was supported by the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-07CH11359.
The ability to transport a high current proton beam in a ring is ultimately limited by space charge effects. Two novel ways to overcome this limit in a proton ring are by adding low energy, externally matched electron beams (electron lens, e-lens), and by taking advantage of residual gas ionization induced neutralization to create an electron column (e-column). Theory predicts that an appropriately confined electrons can completely compensate the space charge through neutralization, both transversely and longitudinally. In this report, we will discuss the current status of the Fermilab's e-lens experiment for the space charge compensation. In addition, we will show how the IOTA e-column compensates space charge with the WARP simulations. The dynamics of proton beams inside of the e-column isunderstood by changing the magnetic field of a solenoid, the voltage on the electrodes, and the vacuum pressure, and by looking for electron accumulation, as well as by considering various beam dynamics in the IOTA ring.

Slides THA3CO04 [42.834 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2016-THA3CO04

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)