03 Transverse Profile and Emittance Monitors
Paper Title Page
TUP006 Simulation and Shot-by-Shot Monitoring of Linac Beam Halo 191
 
  • A.S. Fisher, M. Bai, T. Frosio, A. Ratti, J. Smedley, J. Wu
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
  • I.S. Mostafanezhad, B. Rotter
    Nalu Scientific, LLC, Honolulu, USA
  
  FELs require a reproducible distribution of the bunch core at the undulator entrance for robust and reliable lasing. However, various mechanisms drive particles from the core to form a beam halo, which can scrape the beampipe of the undulator and damage its magnets. Collimators can trim the halo, but at the 1-MHz repetition rate of SLAC’s LCLS-II superconducting linac, the collimator jaws can be activated and damaged. The Machine Protection System (MPS) can detect excessive radiation and halt the beam, but repeated MPS trips lead to significant downtime. Halo control begins by studying its structure, formation, and evolution, using a sensitive halo monitor. To that end, we are developing a pixellated diamond sensor. Diamond offers a dynamic range of up to 7 orders of magnitude, extending from the edge of the core to the faint halo expected at greater distances. Nalu Scientific has developed fast electronics for high-rate shot-by-shot readout. Initial tests are starting with a prototype 16-pixel sensor at the beam dump of SLAC’s FACET-II test facility. The tests and simulations will guide more elaborate sensor designs.  
poster icon Poster TUP006 [2.602 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-IBIC2023-TUP006  
About • Received ※ 07 September 2023 — Revised ※ 08 September 2023 — Accepted ※ 12 September 2023 — Issue date ※ 19 September 2023
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TUP023 Application of a Camera Array for the Upgrade of the AWAKE Spectrometer 230
 
  • E. Senes, S. Mazzoni, M. Turner, G. Zevi Della Porta
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  • D.A. Cooke, F.E. Pannell, M. Wing
    UCL, London, United Kingdom
  
  The first run of the AWAKE experiment successfully demonstrated the acceleration of an electron beam in the plasma wakefields of a relativistic proton beam. The planned second run will focus on the control of the emittance  of accelerated electrons, requiring an upgrade of the  existing spectrometer. Preliminary measurements showed that this might be achieved by improving the resolution of the scintillator and with a new design of the optical system. This contribution discusses the application of a digital camera array in close proximity of the spectrometer scintillator, to enable the accelerated electron beam emittance measurement.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-IBIC2023-TUP023  
About • Received ※ 05 September 2023 — Revised ※ 08 September 2023 — Accepted ※ 14 September 2023 — Issue date ※ 24 September 2023
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WE3I01 Gas Jet-Based Fluorescence Profile Monitor for Low Energy Electrons and High Energy Protons at LHC 312
 
  • O. Sedláček, A.R. Churchman, A. Rossi, G. Schneider, C.C. Sequeiro, K. Sidorowski, R. Veness
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  • M. Ady, S. Mazzoni, M. Sameed
    European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
  • P. Forck, S. Udrea
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
  • O. Sedláček, O. Stringer, C.P. Welsch, H.D. Zhang
    The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  • O. Sedláček, O. Stringer, C.P. Welsch, H.D. Zhang
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  • A. Webber-Date
    Cockcroft Institute, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  
  The ever-developing accelerator capabilities of increasing beam intensity, e.g. for High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), demand novel non-invasive beam diagnostics. As a part of the HL-LHC project a Beam Gas Curtain monitor (BGC), a gas jet-based fluorescence transverse profile monitor, is being developed. The BGC uses a supersonic gas jet sheet that traverses the beam at 45° and visualizes a two-dimensional beam-induced fluorescent image. The principle of observing photons created by fluorescence makes the monitor insensitive to present electric or magnetic fields. Therefore, the monitor is well suited for high-intensity beams such as low-energy electron beam of Hollow Electron Lens (HEL), and HL-LHC proton beam, either as a profile or an overlap monitor. This talk will focus on the first gas jet measured transverse profile of the 7keV hollow electron beam. The measurements were carried out at the Electron Beam Test Stand at CERN testing up to 5A beam for HEL. A comparison with Optical Transition Radiation measurements shows consistency with the BGC results. The BGC installation of January 2023 at LHC is shown, including past results from distributed gas fluorescence tests.  
slides icon Slides WE3I01 [7.338 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-IBIC2023-WE3I01  
About • Received ※ 06 September 2023 — Revised ※ 08 September 2023 — Accepted ※ 27 September 2023 — Issue date ※ 02 October 2023
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WE3C02 Development of a Precise 4d Emittance Meter Using Differential Slit Image Processing 318
 
  • B.K. Shin, G. Hahn
    PAL, Pohang, Republic of Korea
  • M. Chung, C.K. Sung
    UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
  
  We have developed a highly precise 4D emittance meter for X-Y coupled beams with 4D phase-space (x-x’, y-y’, x-y’, y-x’) which utilizes an L-shaped slit and employs novel analysis techniques. Our approach involves two types of slit-screen image processing to generate pepper-pot-like images with great accuracy. One which we call the "differential slit" method, was developed by our group. This approach involves combining two slit-screen images, one at position x and the other at position x + the size of the slit, to create a differential slit image. The other method we use is the "virtual pepper-pot (VPP)" method, which combines x-slit and y-slit images to produce a hole (x,y) image. By combining that hole images, we are able to take extra x-y’ and y-x’ phase-space. The "differential slit" method is crucial for accurately measuring emittance. Through simulations with 0.1 mm slit width using Geant4, the emittance uncertainties for a 5 nm rad and 0.2 mm size electron beam were 5% and 250% with and without the "differential slit", respectively. In this presentation, we provide a description of the methodology, the design of slit, and the results of the 4D emittance measurements.  
slides icon Slides WE3C02 [4.459 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-IBIC2023-WE3C02  
About • Received ※ 30 August 2023 — Revised ※ 13 September 2023 — Accepted ※ 26 September 2023 — Issue date ※ 28 September 2023
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WE3C03 Radiation Hard Beam Profile Monitors for the North Experimental Beamlines CERN 321
 
  • E. Buchanan
    European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
  • J. Cenede, S. Deschamps, W. Devauchelle, A. Frassier, J.N.G. Kearney, R.G. Larsen, I. Ortega Ruiz
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  
  A new radiation hard profile monitor is being researched and developed for the North Area Beamlines at CERN. The monitor must have a spatial resolution of 1 mm or less, an active area of 20 x 20 cm, a low material budget (~0.3%) and be operational in a beam that has a maximum rate of ~2x1011 p/s in the full energy range of 0.5 ¿ 450 GeV/c. The current focus is the study of different detection mediums: silica optical fibres (Cherenkov radiation), glass capillaries filled with liquid scintillator, and hollow core optical fibres filled with scintillation gasses. Prototypes of the different fibre candidates have been tested with an Ultra-High Dose Rate electron beam, a low intensity hadron beam and will be tested with a high intensity hadron beam during summer 2023. The key properties to compare between the different fibres are the light yield and radiation tolerance. In parallel, the performance of the fibres is being tested for their compatibility of use for FLASH medical therapy applications.  
slides icon Slides WE3C03 [4.294 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-IBIC2023-WE3C03  
About • Received ※ 29 August 2023 — Revised ※ 08 September 2023 — Accepted ※ 12 September 2023 — Issue date ※ 18 September 2023
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WEP001 Non-invasive Profilers for the Cold Part of ESS Accelerator 326
 
  • J. Marroncle, P. Abbon, F. Belloni, F. Bénédetti, T. Hamelin, J.-Ph. Mols, L. Scola
    CEA-DRF-IRFU, France
  • B. Bolzon, N. Chauvin, D. Chirpaz-Cerbat, M. Combet, M.J. Desmons, Y. Gauthier, C. Lahonde-Hamdoun, Ph. Legou, O. Leseigneur, Y. Mariette, V. Nadot, M. Oublaid, G. Perreu, F. Popieul, B. Pottin, Y. Sauce, J. Schwindling, F. Senée, O. Tuske, S. Tzvetkov
    CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
  • I. Dolenc Kittelmann, A.A. Gevorgyan, H. Kocevar, R. Tarkeshian, C.A. Thomas
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
  
  Several Non-invasive Profile Monitors are being in-stalled along the accelerator to support the commissioning, tuning and operation of the powerful proton based ESS linear accelerator. In the low energy parts of the ESS linac (3.6 MeV to 90 MeV), the residual gas pressure is high enough to measure the transverse beam profile by using fluorescence induced by the beam on the gas molecules. However, in the ESS linac sections above 90 MeV, protons are accelerated by superconductive cavities working at cryogenic temperatures and high vacuum. Therefore, the signal based on the fluorescence process is too weak, while ionization can counteract this drawback. We have provided five IPM (Ionization Profile Monitors) pairs for energies ranging from 100 to 600 MeV. The design of such monitors is challenging due to weak signal (as a result of high proton energy and low pressure <10-9 mbar), tight space constraints inside the vacuum chamber, space charge effect, ISO-5 cleanliness requirement, and electrode polarization at ±15 kV. This publication will detail the development we followed to fulfil the ESS requirements.  
poster icon Poster WEP001 [2.190 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-IBIC2023-WEP001  
About • Received ※ 03 September 2023 — Revised ※ 08 September 2023 — Accepted ※ 13 September 2023 — Issue date ※ 27 September 2023
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WEP002 Study of Visible Synchrotron Radiation Monitor on SOLEIL Booster 331
 
  • A. Moutardier, G. Cauchon, M. Chevrot, Z. Fan, N. Hubert, S. Kubsky, M. Labat, M. Thomasset
    SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
  
  In the scope of SOLEIL II, the booster must also be upgraded to reduce from 130 to 5~nm.rad the emittance of the beam delivered to the ring. Control of the emittance in the booster will become crucial to ensure the nominal performance of the storage ring injection. The SOLEIL I booster is already equipped with a Visible Synchrotron Radiation Monitor (MRSV). This equipment, made of an extraction mirror and a simple optical system, was originally planned to be used only for beam presence verification but has not been used routinely for operation since the commissioning in 2005. The control and acquisition systems had to be refreshed to be usable again and allow the beam size measurement along the booster energy ramp. The extraction mirror was replaced due to unexpected degradation leading to a second spot appearing on the camera. This paper traces back the MRSV upgrades from understanding the cause of mirror degradation until mirror replacement and the first proper beam visualisation, achieved at the beginning of 2023.  
poster icon Poster WEP002 [1.550 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-IBIC2023-WEP002  
About • Received ※ 04 September 2023 — Revised ※ 09 September 2023 — Accepted ※ 12 September 2023 — Issue date ※ 16 September 2023
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WEP005 Effect of Incoherent Depth of Field for Bean Halo Measurement with the Coronagraph in SuperKEKB 335
 
  • T.M. Mitsuhashi, H. Ikeda, G. Mitsuka
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  
  The incoherent depth-of-field due to the instantaneous opening angle of dipole SR will reduce the spatial coherence of SR in horizontal direction in the beam size measurement by using interferometry. This reduction of spatial coherence is due to both of apparent change of the beam profile due to field depth and intensity distribution in the aperture. In the case of beam profile measurement by imaging system, observed beam profile will deform and produce a beam tail in asymmetric manner by this effect. This apparent change of beam profile, especially extra beam tail in one side has certain influence for beam halo measurement using the coronagraph, because it has a large dynamic range of 6 order magnitude. Since the magnitude of asymmetric tail is proportional to bending radius, this effect is larger in large high energy physics machine which has a long bending radius. This effect is theoretically studied and compare with coronagraph measurement result of beam halo in the SuperKEKB. As a conclusion, this effect is very small and not observable in the coronagraph measurement at SuperKEKB.  
poster icon Poster WEP005 [0.570 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-IBIC2023-WEP005  
About • Received ※ 05 September 2023 — Revised ※ 09 September 2023 — Accepted ※ 13 September 2023 — Issue date ※ 21 September 2023
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WEP006 Development of Pepper-pot Emittance Monitor for High-intensity Ion Beam Accelerated by RIKEN AVF Cyclotron 339
 
  • Y. Kotaka, N. Imai, K. Kamakura, Y. Sakemi, H. Yamaguchi
    CNS, Saitama, Japan
  • K. Hatanaka
    RCNP, Osaka, Japan
  • J. Ohnishi
    RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
  
  At the Center for Nuclear Study of the University of Tokyo, the measurement of Electric Dipole Moment of Francium (Fr) is underway with the world highest precision. Fr is generated by nuclear fusion reaction by irradiating gold with oxygen ion beam accelerated by RIKEN AVF Cyclotron. The required beam intensity is 18 eµA or more. However, the average beam transport efficiency drops to be around 66 % as the beam intensity exceeds 10 eµA. To solve the problem, a pepper-pot emittance monitor (PEM) for high-intensity beams has been developed. Referencing the PEM used for the injection beams of AVF Cyclotron, we have developed three additional items. The first is reducing the radiation damage to a camera, which is placed away from the beamline. The distance between the camera and PEM is 2.2 m, and the average image position accuracy of 0.15 mm is achieved. The second is the angular accuracy suitable for the accelerated beam. The required angular accuracy is estimated to be less than 0.3 mrad. A beam test for the first and second items is planned. The third is a beam shutter system to prevent PEM from heating due to beam. The measurement time by the system reaches 0.27 seconds now.  
poster icon Poster WEP006 [2.250 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-IBIC2023-WEP006  
About • Received ※ 06 September 2023 — Revised ※ 08 September 2023 — Accepted ※ 14 September 2023 — Issue date ※ 29 September 2023
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WEP007 Beam Profile Measurement using Helium Gas Light Emission and BEPM for Superheavy Element Search Experiment 343
 
  • T. Watanabe, O. Kamigaito, T. Nishi, A. Uchiyama
    RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
  • T. Adachi, B. Brionnet, K.M. Morimoto
    RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
  • A. Kamoshida
    National Instruments Japan Corporation, MInato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
  • K. Kaneko, R. Koyama
    SHI Accelerator Service Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
  
  The newly constructed superconducting linear accelerator (SRILAC) is now in operation with the aim of discovering new superheavy elements and advancing the production of medical radiation isotopes. Because it is crucial to extend the durability of the expensive Cm target for as long as possible, these experiments require the accelerated V beam to be sufficiently widened. To this end, a helium gas light emission monitor (HeLM) has been introduced to measure the beam profile. Because He gas flows within the target chamber, by capturing the light emitted from He gas with a CCD camera, the beam profile can be obtained nondestructively and continuously. These measurements are handled through programming in LabVIEW, with analyzed data integrated into an EPICS control system. A method to estimate the beam envelope has been recently developed by leveraging the measured quadrupole moments with beam energy position monitors (BEPMs), and incorporating calculations of the transfer matrix. The synergistic use of HeLM and BEPM plays a useful role in accurately controlling the beam size at the Cm target.  
poster icon Poster WEP007 [4.168 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-IBIC2023-WEP007  
About • Received ※ 04 September 2023 — Revised ※ 09 September 2023 — Accepted ※ 13 September 2023 — Issue date ※ 22 September 2023
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WEP009
 Emittance Measurement of RF Ion Source in CSNS  
 
  • F. Li
    IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
  
  The emittance reflectes the quality of the beam which is an important parameter of ion source. Oscillation of emittance and Twiss parameters in the negative ion (H−) beam is measured by application of a double-slit emittance monitor located at the RFQ entrance. The systematic error was valued in emittance measurement of CSNS RF ion source. This article mainly discussed the measurement accuracy and reliability of the double-slit emittance meter. Therefore it is shown that the working principle, mechanical disign, electronics and the application in CSNS RF ion source were introduced.  
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WEP012
 A Compact IPM Capable of Measuring Two-Dimensional Profiles with the Constraint Magnet and Multi-channel Acquisition Electronics  
 
  • H.M. Xie
    IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
  
  A compact IPM structure is proposed and developed for the HIAF project (High Intensity Heavy-ion Accelerator Facility), which is capable of measuring both horizontal and vertical profiles by simply changing the E-field. Its installation space is reduced to be only half comparing to that of a conventional IPM. A ceramic substrate PCB coated with copper anodes is used to collect electrons after the MCP output. A 64-channel data acquisition system based on the trans-impedance amplifier, ADC, FPGA and ARM is developed as well with a fast response of 1 MHz. To decrease the trajectory distortion during the electron collection, a bipolar magnet with a square shape is designed to correct the horizontal or vertical profile errors. In summer 2021, the compact IPM had been tested in Low Energy Accelerator Facility at IMP (LEAF, IMP) with the 0.5 MeV/u carbon beams. It obtains the profiles successfully in both directions. And the comparison between an upstream wire scanner and the IPM has also been done. Additionally, the magnet field shows a significant suppression effect during the signal collection. Despite some minor discrepancies, the beam experiments show a reasonable and good result.  
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WEP013 Quality Assurance of Proton Beam Profile Using Phosphor Screen and TE-Cooled CMOS Camera 350
 
  • G.I. Jung
    Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
  • Y.S. Hwang, Y.J. Yoon
    KOMAC, KAERI, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
  
  Funding: This work has benn supported through KOMAC (Korea of Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex) operation fund of KAERI by MSIT (Ministry of Science and ICT
The KOMAC (Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex) has operated 100-MeV proton linear accelerator and provide high flux proton beam at the TR103, a general purpose irradiation facility. To uniformly irradiate the sample with protons, it is important to confirm the beam profile uniformity through the quality assurance (QA) process. Recently, for real-time and in-situ proton beam profile monitoring at the TR103, P43 phosphor screen and TE-cooled CMOS camera were introduced and tested. The camera captured images of the emitted light as protons with energy of 15, 42, 100 MeV were incident. A software for selecting beam profile image and post-processing of image data such as background subtraction, image smoothing, geometrical correction, selecting Region Of Interest (ROI) and X-Y coordination was developed using Python. Measured beam profiles using phosphor screen and cooled camera were compared to Gafchromic film. The linearity between light output and beam flux were measured. In this study, we will discuss the test results of proton beam profile measurement using phosphor screen and TE-cooled CMOS camera for introduction to quality assurance process at the TR103. 		 
poster icon Poster WEP013 [1.392 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-IBIC2023-WEP013  
About • Received ※ 29 August 2023 — Revised ※ 09 September 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 September 2023 — Issue date ※ 10 September 2023
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WEP015 Synchrotron Light Monitor for the Advanced Photon Source Booster Synchrotron 358
 
  • K.P. Wootton, W. Berg, W.P. Burns III, J.R. Calvey, J.C. Dooling, L. Erwin, A.H. Lumpkin, N. Sereno, S.E. Shoaf, S.G. Wang
    ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
  
  Funding: This research used resources of the Advanced Photon Source, operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
A new synchrotron light monitor has been tested for the booster synchrotron of the Advanced Photon Source. Visible light synchrotron radiation is collected by a mirror on a path tangential to the electron beam orbit, and directed to an optical imaging system and camera. This is planned to be a non-intercepting, transverse beam-size monitor even with the higher stored beam charges (~17 nC) needed for the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade. In the present work, we describe the present synchrotron radiation diagnostic layout. An analysis of the synchrotron radiation power on the mirror, the optical layout with components, and features of the control system will be presented. 		 
poster icon Poster WEP015 [1.148 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-IBIC2023-WEP015  
About • Received ※ 09 August 2023 — Revised ※ 08 September 2023 — Accepted ※ 14 September 2023 — Issue date ※ 02 October 2023
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WEP018 Simulation of Oscillating Arm Wire Monitor Mechanics Driven by a Stepper Motor 373
 
  • R. Dölling
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
  
  The present oscillating arm wire monitors at HIPA operate with wire speeds of 0.75 m/s. Based on basic dynamic simulations of mechanics and motor, we discuss possible variants of this design using stepper motors in open loop control. The results suggest that 4 m/s can be reached with sufficient position resolution, when using a predefined step sequence customized to the mechanics. This speed should be sufficient to measure the full proton beam current in the injection line.  
poster icon Poster WEP018 [3.110 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-IBIC2023-WEP018  
About • Received ※ 06 September 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 September 2023 — Issue date ※ 01 October 2023  
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WEP019 Study of Single Wire Scanner Monitor for FETS-FFA Test Ring 377
 
  • E. Yamakawa, S. Machida, A. Pertica, D.W. Posthuma de Boer
    STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
  • Y. Ishi
    Kyoto University, Research Reactor Institute, Osaka, Japan
  • A.P. Letchford
    STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
  • T. Uesugi
    Kyoto University, Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Osaka, Japan
  
  To confirm the use of Fixed Field Alternating gradient accelerator (FFA) as a high power pulsed neutron spallation source, a prototype called FETS-FFA is studied at Rutherford Laboratory (RAL). A single Wire Scanner Monitor (WSM) is planned to be used to measure a beam position and a beam profile in the ring. One of the concerns of this monitor is the thermal damage on the Carbon Nano Tube (CNT) wire due to high energy deposition of low energy proton beam in FETS-FFA (3 - 12 MeV). Furthermore, to measure a beam profile during beam acceleration in the ring, a diameter of CNT wire needs to be smaller than the orbit displacements in turns. To confirm whether a single WSM is suitable for FETS-FFA ring, two different beam tests were performed at RAL and at the Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University (KURNS). Both measurements demonstrated that the single WSM is applicable for FETS-FFA ring if the diameter of CNT is smaller than the orbit separation in turns. In this paper, the detail of the design study of the single WSM as well as the performance tests are presented.  
poster icon Poster WEP019 [8.196 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-IBIC2023-WEP019  
About • Received ※ 05 September 2023 — Revised ※ 08 September 2023 — Accepted ※ 25 September 2023 — Issue date ※ 01 October 2023
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WEP020 Performance Evaluation of GAGG+ and Tungsten Carbide Blades in an X-ray Pinhole Camera 382
 
  • S.B. Burholt, L. Bobb, N. Vitoratou
    DLS, Harwell, United Kingdom
  
  At Diamond Light Source two X-ray pinhole cameras are used to measure the transverse profile of the 3 GeV electron beam. The current pinhole assembly is formed using tungsten blades with chemically etched shims to produce a 25 µm x 25 µm aperture and the imager incorporates a 0.2 mm LuAG:Ce scintillator. Tungsten carbide is a machinable high-Z material which at millimetre thicknesses is opaque to X-rays. With a slight change in pinhole design, similar to that already in place at the ESRF, tungsten carbide blades could offer a well-controlled aperture size for the pinhole camera with simpler assembly. Further to this, improvements to the photon yield of scintillators mean that the new scintillator GAGG+ has an almost two fold increase in yield compared to the current LuAG: Ce scintillator. An evaluation of the tungsten carbide blades and GAGG+ scintillator is presented.  
poster icon Poster WEP020 [0.468 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-IBIC2023-WEP020  
About • Received ※ 07 September 2023 — Revised ※ 08 September 2023 — Accepted ※ 13 September 2023 — Issue date ※ 24 September 2023
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WEP021 100Hz X-ray Beam Profile Measurements from a Transmissive CVD Diamond Detector 387
 
  • C. Bloomer, L. Bobb
    DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
  • M.E. Newton
    University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
  
  A non-destructive CVD diamond X-ray beam imaging monitor has been developed for synchrotron beamlines. The device can be permanently installed in the X-ray beam path and is capable of transmissively imaging the beam profile at 100 frames per second. The response of this transmissive detector at this imaging rate is compared to synchronously acquired images using a destructive fluorescent screen. It is shown that beam position, size, and intensity measurements can be obtained with minimal disturbance to the transmitted X-ray beam. This functionality is beneficial to synchrotron beamlines as it enables them to monitor the X-ray beam focal size and position in real-time, during user experiments. This is a key enabling technology that would enable live beam size feedback, keeping the beamline’s focusing optics optimised at all times. Ground vibrations (10-20Hz) can cause movement of focusing optics and beamline mirrors, which disturb the X-ray beam and reduce the ultimate quality of the sample-point beam. This instrument can detect this beam motion, enabling the source to be more easily determined and mitigations to be put in place.  
poster icon Poster WEP021 [1.842 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-IBIC2023-WEP021  
About • Received ※ 06 September 2023 — Revised ※ 08 September 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 September 2023 — Issue date ※ 02 October 2023
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WEP022 Target Multiwire for the Fermilab Booster Neutrino Beamline 392
 
  • R.M. Prokop
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  
  Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359.
The Booster Neutrino Beamline experiment requested a new secondary electron emission multiwire profile monitor installation. The device had to be durable in high radiation conditions and mounted within a large 10 foot airtight steel fixture for installation near the beam target. Previous iterations of multiwire suffered radiation damage to both the connectors and wires. To ensure accurate horizontal and vertical beam profile measurements, an updated design was proposed, designed, and constructed. The new BNB multiwire utilizes 3 mil diameter gold-plated tungsten sense wires soldered to vertical and horizontal Alumina-96 ceramic planes, 50 wires per plane. Radiation hard Kapton insulated 30 gauge wires carry the output signals. Profiles are readout through charge integrator scanner electronics. This paper will detail the design and functionality of the BNB target multiwire and present relevant beam profile data. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-IBIC2023-WEP022  
About • Received ※ 07 September 2023 — Revised ※ 10 September 2023 — Accepted ※ 13 September 2023 — Issue date ※ 16 September 2023
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WEP023 Progress on an Electron Beam Profile Monitor at the Fermilab Main Injector 395
 
  • R.M. Thurman-Keup, T.V. Folan, M.W. Mwaniki, S.G. Sas-Pawlik
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  
  Funding: This work was produced by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The current program at Fermilab involves the construction of a new superconducting linear accelerator (LINAC) to replace the existing warm version. The new LINAC, together with other planned improvements, is in support of proton beam intensities in the Main Injector (MI) that will exceed 2 MW. Measuring the transverse profiles of these high intensity beams in a ring requires non-invasive techniques. The MI uses ionization profile monitors as its only profile system. An alternative technique involves measuring the deflection of a probe beam of electrons with a trajectory perpendicular to the proton beam. This type of device was installed in MI and initial studies of it have been previously presented. This paper will present the status and recent studies of the device utilizing different techniques. 		 
poster icon Poster WEP023 [3.243 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-IBIC2023-WEP023  
About • Received ※ 08 September 2023 — Revised ※ 09 September 2023 — Accepted ※ 14 September 2023 — Issue date ※ 14 September 2023
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WEP024 A Simulation of the Photoionization of H− Together With the Subsequent Tracking of the Liberated Electrons 400
 
  • R.M. Thurman-Keup, M. El Baz, V.E. Scarpine
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  
  Funding: This work was produced by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The Proton Improvement Plan - II (PIP-II) is a new linear accelerator (LINAC) complex being built at Fermilab. It is based on superconducting radiofrequency cavities and will accelerate H− ions to 800 MeV kinetic energy before injection into the existing Booster ring. Measurements of the profile of the beam along the LINAC must be done by non-intercepting methods due to the superconducting cavities. The method chosen is photoionization of a small number of H− by a focused infrared laser, aka laserwire. The number of ionized electrons is measured as a function of laser position within the H− beam. To aid in the design of the collection mechanism, a simulation was written in MATLAB with input from the commercial electromagnetic simulation, CST. This simulation calculates the number and positions of the liberated electrons and tracks them through the magnetic collection and H− beam fields to the collection point. Results from this simulation for various points along the LINAC will be shown. 		 
poster icon Poster WEP024 [7.451 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-IBIC2023-WEP024  
About • Received ※ 08 September 2023 — Revised ※ 10 September 2023 — Accepted ※ 12 September 2023 — Issue date ※ 30 September 2023
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WEP025 A Study of the Gain of Microchannel Plates in the Ionization Profile Monitors at Fermilab 405
 
  • R.M. Thurman-Keup, C.E. Lundberg, D. Slimmer, J.R. Zagel
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  
  Funding: This work was produced by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
One of the on-going issues with the use of microchannel plates (MCP) in the ionization profile monitors (IPM) at Fermilab is the significant decrease in gain over time. There are several possible issues that can cause this. Historically, the assumption has been that this is aging, where the secondary emission yield (SEY) of the pore surface changes after some amount of extracted charge. Recent literature searches have brought to light the possibility that this is an initial ’scrubbing’ effect whereby adsorbed gasses are removed from the MCP pores by the removal of charge from the MCP. This paper discusses the results of studies conducted on the IPMs in the Main Injector at Fermilab. 		 
poster icon Poster WEP025 [7.408 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-IBIC2023-WEP025  
About • Received ※ 08 September 2023 — Revised ※ 10 September 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 September 2023 — Issue date ※ 18 September 2023
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WEP027 Status of Gas Sheet Monitor for Profile Measurements at FRIB 410
 
  • A. Lokey, S.M. Lidia
    FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  
  Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661, the State of Michigan and Michigan State University.
We report on the status of work on a non-invasive profile monitor under development for use at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB), a heavy-ion LINAC which produces high-intensity, multi-charge state beams. The measurement will be made by collecting photons generated at the interaction point of the beam and a collimated molecular gas curtain. These photons will be collected with an intensified camera system, generating a two dimensional image and allowing for measurements of profile, beam halo, and other properties more prevalent at specific locations of interest, such as charge state spread after folding segment bends. Included will be ongoing design specifications, simulation results, and discussion of measurement techniques for acquiring signal from the device. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-IBIC2023-WEP027  
About • Received ※ 07 September 2023 — Revised ※ 10 September 2023 — Accepted ※ 12 September 2023 — Issue date ※ 14 September 2023
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WEP028 LANSCE High Density Emittance Instrumentation System 413
 
  • L.S. Montoya, S.A. Baily, S.M. Johnson, H.L. Leffler, H.A. Watkins, D.D. Zimmermann
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, contract no. 89233218CNA000001. LA-UR-23-25123
The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) is currently upgrading the existing emittance stations with a high-density instrumentation system for emittance measurements in the low energy beam transport region. Emittance measurements were obtained using obsolete legacy equipment. For motion control a switching station with a mechanical mux to switch actuators was used. This caused a single point of failure for all emittance stations and is becoming increasingly unreliable. For data acquisition, two sets of signal conditioning and digitizers were employed and had to be shared between 7 emittance stations. Physical cable swapping was necessary when taking measurements from station to station. A system was developed using dedicated Quad Actuator Controller (QAC) chassis, capable of driving four (4) actuators, and dedicated data acquisition (DAQ) chassis capable of signal conditioning and digitizing up to 80 channels simultaneously. Details of the system development are presented. 		 
poster icon Poster WEP028 [0.400 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-IBIC2023-WEP028  
About • Received ※ 07 September 2023 — Revised ※ 11 September 2023 — Accepted ※ 25 September 2023 — Issue date ※ 01 October 2023
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WEP029 LANSCE QAC/DAQ Wire Scanner Instrumentation Upgrade 415
 
  • L.S. Montoya, S.M. Johnson, H.A. Watkins, D.D. Zimmermann
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, contract no. 89233218CNA000001. LA-UR-23-25124
High density instrumentation has been developed to upgrade wire scanner beam diagnostic capability in all areas downstream of the Coupled Cavity LINAC (CCL). Transverse beam profile measurements were originally obtained using legacy electronics known as Computer Automated Measurement and Control (CAMAC) crates. CAMAC has become obsolete, and a new wire scanner diagnostic system was developed as a replacement. With high wire scanner device density located in each area, instrumentation was developed to meet that need along with the ability to interface with legacy open-loop controlled actuators and be forward compatible with upgraded closed-loop systems. A high-density system was developed using a Quad Actuator Controller (QAC) and Data Acquisition (DAQ) chassis that pair together using a sequencer when taking measurements. Software improvements were also made, allowing for full waveform functionality that was previously unavailable. Deployment of 52 wire scanner locations in 2022 increased device availability and functionality across the facility. Hardware and software design details along with results from accelerator beam measurements are presented. 		 
poster icon Poster WEP029 [2.359 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-IBIC2023-WEP029  
About • Received ※ 07 September 2023 — Revised ※ 11 September 2023 — Accepted ※ 14 September 2023 — Issue date ※ 20 September 2023
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WEP030 First Results for a 50 MeV Beam Induced Fluorescence Monitor for Beam Profile Measurements 418
 
  • G.B. Rosenthal, J.I. Anderson, A. Cao, E. Cramer, T. Gordon, K. Kuhn, O.O. Ledezma Vazquez, J. Lopez, S. Lynam, J.B. Ringuette, L. Szeto, J. Zhou
    Nusano, Valencia, CA, USA
  • E.F. Dorman, R.C. Emery, B. Smith
    University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
  
  Nusano is developing a 50 MeV alpha (4He++) particle accelerator*, primarily to produce medical radionuclides. The accelerator produces an average current of 3 mAe with 20 mAe average macro pulse current. This results in an average beam power of 75 kW, and an average beam power within the macro pulse of 500 kW. The beam profile at the exit of the DTL is approximately gaussian with a diameter (FWHM) of about 3 mm. Designing diagnostics for this beam is challenging, as any diagnostics that intercept beam will receive a very high heat load. A BIFM (Beam Induced Fluorescence Monitor) is being developed to measure beam profiles. Nitrogen gas is leaked into the beamline. Excitation of the nitrogen by beam particles is captured using an image intensifier. The signal generated is directly proportional to the beam current. A prototype system has been constructed and tested on a lower intensity alpha beam. First results indicate we can measure beam profile to a 100 µm accuracy. Production system is currently being designed.
* The Nusano accelerator can also accelerate 2H+, 3He++, 6Li3+, 7Li3+, and a few other heavier ions. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-IBIC2023-WEP030  
About • Received ※ 05 September 2023 — Revised ※ 10 September 2023 — Accepted ※ 14 September 2023 — Issue date ※ 01 October 2023
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WEP031 Image Acquisition System for the Injection Dump at the Spallation Neutron Source 421
 
  • W. Blokland
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
  • N.J. Evans, A.R. Oguz, W.D. Willis
    ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
  
  Funding: This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy (DOE).
We describe the Image Acquisition system for the Injection Dump. This system visualizes the different beamlets, on the vacuum window after the H− beam is stripped of its electrons by two stripper foils. One beamlet is from H− with its electrons stripped by the first foil and the second beamlet has it final electron stripped by the second foil. We used the PXI platform to implement the data-acquisition including timing decoder. We describe the hardware and software for the system. We use a standard non-radhard GigE camera to acquire the image from the luminescent coating on the dump vacuum window. To lower the radiation damage to the camera, we shield it with stainless steel blocks. We present radiation measurements before and after shielding. We also show the radiation damage over time to estimate the camera’s lifetime. 		 
poster icon Poster WEP031 [1.267 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-IBIC2023-WEP031  
About • Received ※ 06 September 2023 — Revised ※ 11 September 2023 — Accepted ※ 14 September 2023 — Issue date ※ 27 September 2023
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