ECRIS2024 - List of Keywords (ECRIS)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOA3	Development towards intense uranium ion beam production of the RIKEN 28 GHz SC-ECRIS	emittance, extraction, ECR, ion-source	1
	G.Q. Saquilayan, J. Ohnishi, O. Kamigaito, T. Nagatomo, Y. Higurashi RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
	High intensity Uranium ²³⁸U³⁵⁺ ion beams are produced in the 28 GHz superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source (SC-ECRIS) and accelerated to high energies in the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory (RIBF) at RIKEN. We report the current progress of the SC-ECRIS. Intense beam operation of U³⁵⁺ was made possible through the development of high temperature ovens with optimized consumption rates of more than 10 mg/h and beam intensities reaching up to 250 eμA. With efforts toward realizing even higher beam intensities, it is now more important to optimize beam optics and minimize losses in the accelerator. This has stressed the study of emittance size and its growth factors. Measurement using a slit-collector type emittance monitor showed beam emittances that increase proportionally with the extraction current. For beam currents of 100 to 150 eμA, the beam emittances had minimal variation and remain at 0.15 π·mm·mrad for an extraction current of 5.5 mA. Differences between the normalized horizontal and vertical rms emittances were observed and horizontal emittances tend to be lower and less affected by beamline components. Using measured horizontal emittances coupled with a reference model calculation of space charge induced beam emittances, the ²³⁸U³⁵⁺ beam emittance ε₀ defined by the ion source was estimated. A systematic study using the calculated ε₀ to understand its correlation between the ECR parameters and magnetic field strength is currently ongoing.
	Slides MOA3 [1.637 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-MOA3
About •	Received ※ 15 September 2024 — Revised ※ 16 September 2024 — Accepted ※ 29 January 2025 — Issued ※ 01 March 2025
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOC1	Recent achievements in the production of metallic ion beams with the CAPRICE ECRIS at GSI	operation, ECR, plasma, extraction	14
	A. Andreev, F. Maimone, J. Mäder, M. Galonska, R. Lang, R. Hollinger GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	The GSI CAPRICE Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) provides highly-charged ion beams for various experiments at GSI, enabling the delivery of continuous wave (CW) metallic ion beams with low material consumption, which is crucial for producing high charge state ion beams from rare or extremely rare isotopes such as ⁴⁸Ca. These metallic beams are produced utilizing the thermal evaporation technique by resistively heated ovens. Due to the research groups’ demand for higher beam intensities, increased ion currents of higher charge states are now necessary from the CAPRICE ECRIS. A test campaign was conducted to establish and improve the production of high charge states of enriched ⁵⁴Cr and ⁵⁵Mn ion beams. During the tests, plasma images were captured using a CCD camera to support the operation and enable real-time monitoring of the material consumption. Additionally, a hot screen was used to protect the ceramic insulators in the extraction system from metal deposition, thereby improving the operational stability of the ECRIS. The application of an optical emission spectroscopy to monitor the stability of metallic ion beams during the operation with the resistively heated ovens was also investigated. This contribution presents the operational experience, the intensities and stability achieved for the aforementioned elements. In addition, an update on a recent improvement involving a specialized oven preparation stand for better conditioning of the ovens is given.
	Slides MOC1 [3.835 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-MOC1
About •	Received ※ 13 December 2024 — Revised ※ 21 January 2025 — Accepted ※ 29 January 2025 — Issued ※ 14 May 2025
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOP01	Characterization of the 2.45 GHz DREEBIT ECRIS via optical spectroscopy	plasma, electron, ECR, ion-source	31
	M. Molodtsova, A. Philipp, E. Ritter DREEBIT, Großröhrsdorf, Germany
	ECR ion sources are widely used to provide ions for various experimental setups. DREEBIT GmbH aims to industrialize this type of ion source technology for efficient and reliable use in, e. g., hadron cancer therapy as well as ion implantation of semiconductors. Our goal is to build table-top sized ion sources which can easily be handled as part of a larger machine such as a particle accelerator or target irradiation facility, thereby fulfilling high requirements on beam current, quality, stability as well as reproducibility in serial production. To achieve this, we have already optimized the microwave injection system and magnetic plasma confinement by introducing a simple method to allow for injection of circularly polarized waves and adjusted the magnetic field distribution which led to an 80 % increase of beam current. In the present work, we show how optical emission spectroscopy was used to gain deeper information about the plasma of this specific type of ion source, independent from its ion extraction system. The plasma characterization includes studies of the electron energy distribution and the density of atomic and molecular hydrogen showing that the previous design changes of introducing circularly polarized microwaves and optimizing the magnetic field distribution have led to a well-optimized ECR ion source concerning plasma heating and proton production inside the plasma, indicating how the source performance can be enhanced in further steps.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-MOP01
About •	Received ※ 02 October 2024 — Revised ※ 09 October 2024 — Accepted ※ 29 January 2025 — Issued ※ 07 April 2025
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOP15	Study of noble gas memory effect of ECR3 at ATLAS	ECR, ion-source, experiment, detector	64
	R.H. Scott, J.T. McLain, R.C. Vondrasek ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA M. Paul, S. Bhattacharya The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
	Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Over the past three decades a portion of the accelerated beam time at the Argonne Tandem Linac Accelerator System (ATLAS) has been reserved for ultra-sensitive detection of argon radioisotopes. A unique noble-gas accelerator mass spectrometry (NOGAMS) technique [1] at ATLAS combines electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) positive ion production, acceleration up to ~6 MeV/u and detection methods for separating isobars and other m/q contaminants. The ECR3 ion source was chosen for such experiments due to the limited scope of material introduced into the plasma chamber, inferring a lower background production compared to ECR2. A recent ³⁹⸴⁴²Ar NOGAMS experiment has highlighted a need to understand the beam production of material that is no longer being actively introduced into the ECRIS, known as memory effect. A quantitative study of source memory was performed to determine the decay characteristics of argon in the ECR3 ion source. Results of this study as well as details of setup and operation of ECR3 for NOGAMS experiments are presented. [1] M. Paul et al., Nucl. Instr. and Methods in Phys. Res., Sect. B, vol. 456, p. 222, 2019. doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2019.04.003
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-MOP15
About •	Received ※ 13 September 2024 — Revised ※ 20 September 2024 — Accepted ※ 29 May 2025 — Issued ※ 07 June 2025
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUB1	Progress in 3D self-consistent full wave-PIC modelling of space resolved ECR plasma properties	plasma, electron, ECR, simulation	76
	A. Pidatella, G.S. Mauro, B. Mishra, E. Naselli, G. Torrisi, D. Mascali INFN-LNS, Catania, Italy A. Galatà, C.S. Gallo INFN-LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
	We present updates of a simulation suite to model in-plasma ion-electron dynamics, including self-consistent electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation and ion population kinetics to study atomic processes in ECR plasmas. The EM absorption is modelled by a heuristic collisional term in the cold dielectric tensor. However, we are stepping beyond the cold approximation, modelling the hot tensor with non-collisional RF wave damping. The tool calculates steady-state particle distributions via a full wave-PIC code and solves for collisional-radiative process giving atomic population and charge state distribution. The scheme is general and applicable to many physics’ cases of interest for the ECRIS community, including the build-up of the charge-state-distribution and the plasma emitted X-ray and optical radiation. We present its last updates and future perspectives, using as a case-study the PANDORA scenario. We report about studying in-plasma dynamics of injected metallic species and radioisotopes ionisation efficiency for different injection conditions and plasma parameters. The code is capable of reconstructing space-resolved plasma emissivity, to be directly compared to plasma emission measurements, and modelling plasma-induced modification of radioactivity.
	Slides TUB1 [21.575 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-TUB1
About •	Received ※ 03 October 2024 — Revised ※ 14 October 2024 — Accepted ※ 29 January 2025 — Issued ※ 01 May 2025
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUD1	Time-resolved measurement of ion beam energy spread variation due to kinetic plasma instabilities in CW and pulsed operation of an ECRIS	plasma, ECR, operation, electron	86
	V. Toivanen, H.A. Koivisto University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland J.O. Huovila University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland O.A. Tarvainen STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
	The energy spread of ion beams extracted from Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion sources is influenced by plasma conditions such as the plasma potential, and effects taking place in the beam formation region. Kinetic plasma instabilities have a significant impact on the plasma properties, and consequently on the ion beam energy spread. We present experimental results of time-resolved energy spread behaviour when kinetic plasma instabilities are present in CW and pulsed operation of the JYFL 14 GHz ECR ion source. It is shown that the instability-induced energy spread variation corresponds to a momentary plasma potential increase up to several kV from the steady-state value of 10–30 V. The method for measuring the time-resolved energy spread variation is presented, and the consequences of the energy spread and the underlying plasma potential variation for ECRIS operation are discussed.
	Slides TUD1 [3.281 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-TUD1
About •	Received ※ 13 September 2024 — Revised ※ 18 September 2024 — Accepted ※ 29 March 2025 — Issued ※ 09 May 2025
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOA3

Development towards intense uranium ion beam production of the RIKEN 28 GHz SC-ECRIS

emittance, extraction, ECR, ion-source

1

G.Q. Saquilayan, J. Ohnishi, O. Kamigaito, T. Nagatomo, Y. Higurashi
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan

High intensity Uranium ²³⁸U³⁵⁺ ion beams are produced in the 28 GHz superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source (SC-ECRIS) and accelerated to high energies in the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory (RIBF) at RIKEN. We report the current progress of the SC-ECRIS. Intense beam operation of U³⁵⁺ was made possible through the development of high temperature ovens with optimized consumption rates of more than 10 mg/h and beam intensities reaching up to 250 eμA. With efforts toward realizing even higher beam intensities, it is now more important to optimize beam optics and minimize losses in the accelerator. This has stressed the study of emittance size and its growth factors. Measurement using a slit-collector type emittance monitor showed beam emittances that increase proportionally with the extraction current. For beam currents of 100 to 150 eμA, the beam emittances had minimal variation and remain at 0.15 π·mm·mrad for an extraction current of 5.5 mA. Differences between the normalized horizontal and vertical rms emittances were observed and horizontal emittances tend to be lower and less affected by beamline components. Using measured horizontal emittances coupled with a reference model calculation of space charge induced beam emittances, the ²³⁸U³⁵⁺ beam emittance ε₀ defined by the ion source was estimated. A systematic study using the calculated ε₀ to understand its correlation between the ECR parameters and magnetic field strength is currently ongoing.

Slides MOA3 [1.637 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-MOA3

About •

Received ※ 15 September 2024 — Revised ※ 16 September 2024 — Accepted ※ 29 January 2025 — Issued ※ 01 March 2025

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOC1

Recent achievements in the production of metallic ion beams with the CAPRICE ECRIS at GSI

operation, ECR, plasma, extraction

14

A. Andreev, F. Maimone, J. Mäder, M. Galonska, R. Lang, R. Hollinger
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

The GSI CAPRICE Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) provides highly-charged ion beams for various experiments at GSI, enabling the delivery of continuous wave (CW) metallic ion beams with low material consumption, which is crucial for producing high charge state ion beams from rare or extremely rare isotopes such as ⁴⁸Ca. These metallic beams are produced utilizing the thermal evaporation technique by resistively heated ovens. Due to the research groups’ demand for higher beam intensities, increased ion currents of higher charge states are now necessary from the CAPRICE ECRIS. A test campaign was conducted to establish and improve the production of high charge states of enriched ⁵⁴Cr and ⁵⁵Mn ion beams. During the tests, plasma images were captured using a CCD camera to support the operation and enable real-time monitoring of the material consumption. Additionally, a hot screen was used to protect the ceramic insulators in the extraction system from metal deposition, thereby improving the operational stability of the ECRIS. The application of an optical emission spectroscopy to monitor the stability of metallic ion beams during the operation with the resistively heated ovens was also investigated. This contribution presents the operational experience, the intensities and stability achieved for the aforementioned elements. In addition, an update on a recent improvement involving a specialized oven preparation stand for better conditioning of the ovens is given.

Slides MOC1 [3.835 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-MOC1

About •

Received ※ 13 December 2024 — Revised ※ 21 January 2025 — Accepted ※ 29 January 2025 — Issued ※ 14 May 2025

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOP01

Characterization of the 2.45 GHz DREEBIT ECRIS via optical spectroscopy

plasma, electron, ECR, ion-source

31

M. Molodtsova, A. Philipp, E. Ritter
DREEBIT, Großröhrsdorf, Germany

ECR ion sources are widely used to provide ions for various experimental setups. DREEBIT GmbH aims to industrialize this type of ion source technology for efficient and reliable use in, e. g., hadron cancer therapy as well as ion implantation of semiconductors. Our goal is to build table-top sized ion sources which can easily be handled as part of a larger machine such as a particle accelerator or target irradiation facility, thereby fulfilling high requirements on beam current, quality, stability as well as reproducibility in serial production. To achieve this, we have already optimized the microwave injection system and magnetic plasma confinement by introducing a simple method to allow for injection of circularly polarized waves and adjusted the magnetic field distribution which led to an 80 % increase of beam current. In the present work, we show how optical emission spectroscopy was used to gain deeper information about the plasma of this specific type of ion source, independent from its ion extraction system. The plasma characterization includes studies of the electron energy distribution and the density of atomic and molecular hydrogen showing that the previous design changes of introducing circularly polarized microwaves and optimizing the magnetic field distribution have led to a well-optimized ECR ion source concerning plasma heating and proton production inside the plasma, indicating how the source performance can be enhanced in further steps.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-MOP01

About •

Received ※ 02 October 2024 — Revised ※ 09 October 2024 — Accepted ※ 29 January 2025 — Issued ※ 07 April 2025

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOP15

Study of noble gas memory effect of ECR3 at ATLAS

ECR, ion-source, experiment, detector

64

R.H. Scott, J.T. McLain, R.C. Vondrasek
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
M. Paul, S. Bhattacharya
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel

Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
Over the past three decades a portion of the accelerated beam time at the Argonne Tandem Linac Accelerator System (ATLAS) has been reserved for ultra-sensitive detection of argon radioisotopes. A unique noble-gas accelerator mass spectrometry (NOGAMS) technique [1] at ATLAS combines electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) positive ion production, acceleration up to ~6 MeV/u and detection methods for separating isobars and other m/q contaminants. The ECR3 ion source was chosen for such experiments due to the limited scope of material introduced into the plasma chamber, inferring a lower background production compared to ECR2. A recent ³⁹⸴⁴²Ar NOGAMS experiment has highlighted a need to understand the beam production of material that is no longer being actively introduced into the ECRIS, known as memory effect. A quantitative study of source memory was performed to determine the decay characteristics of argon in the ECR3 ion source. Results of this study as well as details of setup and operation of ECR3 for NOGAMS experiments are presented.
[1] M. Paul et al., Nucl. Instr. and Methods in Phys. Res., Sect. B, vol. 456, p. 222, 2019. doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2019.04.003

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-MOP15

About •

Received ※ 13 September 2024 — Revised ※ 20 September 2024 — Accepted ※ 29 May 2025 — Issued ※ 07 June 2025

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUB1

Progress in 3D self-consistent full wave-PIC modelling of space resolved ECR plasma properties

plasma, electron, ECR, simulation

76

A. Pidatella, G.S. Mauro, B. Mishra, E. Naselli, G. Torrisi, D. Mascali
INFN-LNS, Catania, Italy
A. Galatà, C.S. Gallo
INFN-LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy

We present updates of a simulation suite to model in-plasma ion-electron dynamics, including self-consistent electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation and ion population kinetics to study atomic processes in ECR plasmas. The EM absorption is modelled by a heuristic collisional term in the cold dielectric tensor. However, we are stepping beyond the cold approximation, modelling the hot tensor with non-collisional RF wave damping. The tool calculates steady-state particle distributions via a full wave-PIC code and solves for collisional-radiative process giving atomic population and charge state distribution. The scheme is general and applicable to many physics’ cases of interest for the ECRIS community, including the build-up of the charge-state-distribution and the plasma emitted X-ray and optical radiation. We present its last updates and future perspectives, using as a case-study the PANDORA scenario. We report about studying in-plasma dynamics of injected metallic species and radioisotopes ionisation efficiency for different injection conditions and plasma parameters. The code is capable of reconstructing space-resolved plasma emissivity, to be directly compared to plasma emission measurements, and modelling plasma-induced modification of radioactivity.

Slides TUB1 [21.575 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-TUB1

About •

Received ※ 03 October 2024 — Revised ※ 14 October 2024 — Accepted ※ 29 January 2025 — Issued ※ 01 May 2025

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUD1

Time-resolved measurement of ion beam energy spread variation due to kinetic plasma instabilities in CW and pulsed operation of an ECRIS

plasma, ECR, operation, electron

86

V. Toivanen, H.A. Koivisto
University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
J.O. Huovila
University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
O.A. Tarvainen
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

The energy spread of ion beams extracted from Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion sources is influenced by plasma conditions such as the plasma potential, and effects taking place in the beam formation region. Kinetic plasma instabilities have a significant impact on the plasma properties, and consequently on the ion beam energy spread. We present experimental results of time-resolved energy spread behaviour when kinetic plasma instabilities are present in CW and pulsed operation of the JYFL 14 GHz ECR ion source. It is shown that the instability-induced energy spread variation corresponds to a momentary plasma potential increase up to several kV from the steady-state value of 10–30 V. The method for measuring the time-resolved energy spread variation is presented, and the consequences of the energy spread and the underlying plasma potential variation for ECRIS operation are discussed.

Slides TUD1 [3.281 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-TUD1

About •

Received ※ 13 September 2024 — Revised ※ 18 September 2024 — Accepted ※ 29 March 2025 — Issued ※ 09 May 2025

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)