ECRIS2024 - List of Keywords (simulation)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOD2	Characterization of the ECR ion source LEGIS extraction system and its low energy beam transport line at Legnaro National Laboratories	LEBT, emittance, extraction, experiment	22
	G.R. Mascali INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy L. Bellan, C.S. Gallo, D. Martini, P. Francescon, M. Comunian, O. Carletto, A. Galatà INFN-LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy G.R. Mascali Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
	At INFN-Legnaro National Laboratories the heavy ions accelerator complex is fed with beams produced by a permanent magnet ECR source called LEGIS (LEGnaro ecrIS). Although suitable intensities and charge states to fulfil the requests of the users are normally guaranteed, the first part of the Low Energy Beam Transport line (LEBT) downstream of the ion source suffers from non-negligible losses and a lack of scalability when switching between ions with different mass-to-charge ratios, thus leading to a machine preparation time longer than would be desirable. These criticalities called for a deep characterization of the beam coming out from the ion source, especially in the case of high charge states heavy ions production, normally showing the lowest intensities. This contribution describes the numerical studies performed on the extraction system of the LEGIS source and its LEBT. The physics case used is a ²⁰⁸Pb³¹⁺ beam produced for a nuclear physics experiment in fall 2022. As will be shown, the results shed light on the reasons for the bad reproducibility and transmission, mostly due to aberrations induced on the extracted beam by the first optical elements.
	Slides MOD2 [7.465 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-MOD2
About •	Received ※ 04 October 2024 — Revised ※ 16 October 2024 — Accepted ※ 29 January 2025 — Issued ※ 15 June 2025
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUB1	Progress in 3D self-consistent full wave-PIC modelling of space resolved ECR plasma properties	plasma, electron, ECR, ECRIS	76
	A. Pidatella, G.S. Mauro, B. Mishra, E. Naselli, G. Torrisi, D. Mascali INFN-LNS, Catania, Italy A. Galatà, C.S. Gallo INFN-LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
	We present updates of a simulation suite to model in-plasma ion-electron dynamics, including self-consistent electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation and ion population kinetics to study atomic processes in ECR plasmas. The EM absorption is modelled by a heuristic collisional term in the cold dielectric tensor. However, we are stepping beyond the cold approximation, modelling the hot tensor with non-collisional RF wave damping. The tool calculates steady-state particle distributions via a full wave-PIC code and solves for collisional-radiative process giving atomic population and charge state distribution. The scheme is general and applicable to many physics’ cases of interest for the ECRIS community, including the build-up of the charge-state-distribution and the plasma emitted X-ray and optical radiation. We present its last updates and future perspectives, using as a case-study the PANDORA scenario. We report about studying in-plasma dynamics of injected metallic species and radioisotopes ionisation efficiency for different injection conditions and plasma parameters. The code is capable of reconstructing space-resolved plasma emissivity, to be directly compared to plasma emission measurements, and modelling plasma-induced modification of radioactivity.
	Slides TUB1 [21.575 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-TUB1
About •	Received ※ 03 October 2024 — Revised ※ 14 October 2024 — Accepted ※ 29 January 2025 — Issued ※ 01 May 2025
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUP05	RF and multipactor simulations in the plasma chamber of the SILHI proton source	electron, multipactoring, cavity, ECR	97
	M. Barant, A. Dubois, G. Ferrand, J. Plouin, O. Tuske CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
	In the scope of high current protons sources simulations, we tried to simulate the plasma chamber of the SILHI proton source with HFSS. This work focuses on the RF and multipactor simulation close to the boron nitride window.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-TUP05
About •	Received ※ 09 September 2024 — Revised ※ 19 September 2024 — Accepted ※ 30 January 2025 — Issued ※ 27 February 2025
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUP11	Efficient injection of high-intensity light ions from an ECR ion source into an RFQ accelerator	LEBT, rfq, emittance, injection	120
	C. Zhang, E. Boos GSI, Darmstadt, Germany E. Boos, C. Zhang IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany C. Zhang HFHF, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	This study investigates an efficient injection of high-intensity light ions from an Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion source into a Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator. An often-adopted solution for the beam matching between an ion source and an RFQ is to apply two solenoids as a Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) section. There are also other solutions which skip the LEBT section and inject the ion-source output beam directly into an RFQ e.g. the so-called Direct Plasma Injection Scheme (DPIS). For this study, a compact electrostatic LEBT using an einzel lens as well as an efficient RFQ based on a special design method have been developed to achieve high transmission of a 60 mA proton beam. Additionally, the RFQ design has been also checked with the LEBT removed. The design and simulation results will be presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-TUP11
About •	Received ※ 15 September 2024 — Revised ※ 15 October 2024 — Accepted ※ 19 November 2024 — Issued ※ 19 March 2025
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUP14	3D simulations of the CAPRICE ECRIS extraction system	ECR, experiment, plasma, extraction	131
	M.A. Händler IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany A. Andreev, F. Maimone, G. Franchetti, J. Mäder, M. Galonska, R. Lang, R. Hollinger GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	The simulation of the ion extraction from the Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources (ECRISs) is necessary for the optimization and development of the performance of ion sources. Due to the magnetic field configuration of the ECRISs the calculations need to be performed in 3D. Therefore simulation programs based i.e. on C⁺⁺ libraries like IBSimu were developed. In this work a physical model was implemented in IBSimu generating detailed 3D simulations of ion extraction from a CAPRICE-type ECRIS. Simulations of multi-species Argon ion beam including Helium contribution as support gas extracted from CAPRICE are carried out. The study includes the effect of different space charge compensation degrees. Furthermore, ion beams extracted with different plasma electrode apertures were analyzed in terms of ion beam current, beam profile, beam size, divergence angle, and beam quality. In addition the simulation results were compared to experimental findings, i.e. ion beam intensities and beam profiles measured with viewing screens.
	Poster TUP14 [5.264 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-TUP14
About •	Received ※ 20 December 2024 — Revised ※ 27 January 2025 — Accepted ※ 30 January 2025 — Issued ※ 17 April 2025
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THA3	Waveguide DC breaks with optimized impedance matching networks	GUI, ion-source, impedance, network	162
	M.K. Covo, B. Ninemire, D.S. Todd, D.Z. Xie, J. Cruz Duran, J.Y. Benitez, J.P. Garcia, L. Phair, M.B. Johnson, P. Bloemhard LBNL, Berkeley, CA, USA
	A custom 18 GHz waveguide DC break with a built-in impedance matching network, consisting of two inductive irises adjacent to a capacitive gap assembled around a quartz disk, was built for VENUS and simulated using the ANSYS High Frequency Structure Simulator, a finite element analysis tool. The DC break effectively doubled the RF power available for plasma production at the secondary frequency of 18 GHz while maintaining a DC isolation of 32 kV. Measurements of the forward and reflected power coefficients, performed with a network analyzer, showed excellent agreement with the simulations [1]. Additionally, an extended study was conducted to tailor the frequencies of 28, 35, and 45 GHz using WR-34, WR-28, and WR-22 waveguides with built-in impedance matching networks, aiming to predict performance for our upcoming 4th generation low-power, multi-frequency operation of the MARS-D ion source. [1] M. Kireeff Covo et al., “Inductive Iris Impedance Matching Network for a Compact Waveguide DC Break”, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, early access 2024. doi:10.1109/TMTT.2024.3409470.
	Slides THA3 [1.702 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-THA3
About •	Received ※ 13 September 2024 — Revised ※ 09 October 2024 — Accepted ※ 30 January 2025 — Issued ※ 18 May 2025
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

Characterization of the ECR ion source LEGIS extraction system and its low energy beam transport line at Legnaro National Laboratories

LEBT, emittance, extraction, experiment

22

G.R. Mascali
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
L. Bellan, C.S. Gallo, D. Martini, P. Francescon, M. Comunian, O. Carletto, A. Galatà
INFN-LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
G.R. Mascali
Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

At INFN-Legnaro National Laboratories the heavy ions accelerator complex is fed with beams produced by a permanent magnet ECR source called LEGIS (LEGnaro ecrIS). Although suitable intensities and charge states to fulfil the requests of the users are normally guaranteed, the first part of the Low Energy Beam Transport line (LEBT) downstream of the ion source suffers from non-negligible losses and a lack of scalability when switching between ions with different mass-to-charge ratios, thus leading to a machine preparation time longer than would be desirable. These criticalities called for a deep characterization of the beam coming out from the ion source, especially in the case of high charge states heavy ions production, normally showing the lowest intensities. This contribution describes the numerical studies performed on the extraction system of the LEGIS source and its LEBT. The physics case used is a ²⁰⁸Pb³¹⁺ beam produced for a nuclear physics experiment in fall 2022. As will be shown, the results shed light on the reasons for the bad reproducibility and transmission, mostly due to aberrations induced on the extracted beam by the first optical elements.

Slides MOD2 [7.465 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-MOD2

About •

Received ※ 04 October 2024 — Revised ※ 16 October 2024 — Accepted ※ 29 January 2025 — Issued ※ 15 June 2025

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUB1

Progress in 3D self-consistent full wave-PIC modelling of space resolved ECR plasma properties

plasma, electron, ECR, ECRIS

76

A. Pidatella, G.S. Mauro, B. Mishra, E. Naselli, G. Torrisi, D. Mascali
INFN-LNS, Catania, Italy
A. Galatà, C.S. Gallo
INFN-LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy

We present updates of a simulation suite to model in-plasma ion-electron dynamics, including self-consistent electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation and ion population kinetics to study atomic processes in ECR plasmas. The EM absorption is modelled by a heuristic collisional term in the cold dielectric tensor. However, we are stepping beyond the cold approximation, modelling the hot tensor with non-collisional RF wave damping. The tool calculates steady-state particle distributions via a full wave-PIC code and solves for collisional-radiative process giving atomic population and charge state distribution. The scheme is general and applicable to many physics’ cases of interest for the ECRIS community, including the build-up of the charge-state-distribution and the plasma emitted X-ray and optical radiation. We present its last updates and future perspectives, using as a case-study the PANDORA scenario. We report about studying in-plasma dynamics of injected metallic species and radioisotopes ionisation efficiency for different injection conditions and plasma parameters. The code is capable of reconstructing space-resolved plasma emissivity, to be directly compared to plasma emission measurements, and modelling plasma-induced modification of radioactivity.

Slides TUB1 [21.575 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-TUB1

About •

Received ※ 03 October 2024 — Revised ※ 14 October 2024 — Accepted ※ 29 January 2025 — Issued ※ 01 May 2025

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUP05

RF and multipactor simulations in the plasma chamber of the SILHI proton source

electron, multipactoring, cavity, ECR

97

M. Barant, A. Dubois, G. Ferrand, J. Plouin, O. Tuske
CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

In the scope of high current protons sources simulations, we tried to simulate the plasma chamber of the SILHI proton source with HFSS. This work focuses on the RF and multipactor simulation close to the boron nitride window.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-TUP05

About •

Received ※ 09 September 2024 — Revised ※ 19 September 2024 — Accepted ※ 30 January 2025 — Issued ※ 27 February 2025

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUP11

Efficient injection of high-intensity light ions from an ECR ion source into an RFQ accelerator

LEBT, rfq, emittance, injection

120

C. Zhang, E. Boos
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
E. Boos, C. Zhang
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
C. Zhang
HFHF, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

This study investigates an efficient injection of high-intensity light ions from an Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion source into a Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator. An often-adopted solution for the beam matching between an ion source and an RFQ is to apply two solenoids as a Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) section. There are also other solutions which skip the LEBT section and inject the ion-source output beam directly into an RFQ e.g. the so-called Direct Plasma Injection Scheme (DPIS). For this study, a compact electrostatic LEBT using an einzel lens as well as an efficient RFQ based on a special design method have been developed to achieve high transmission of a 60 mA proton beam. Additionally, the RFQ design has been also checked with the LEBT removed. The design and simulation results will be presented.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-TUP11

About •

Received ※ 15 September 2024 — Revised ※ 15 October 2024 — Accepted ※ 19 November 2024 — Issued ※ 19 March 2025

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUP14

3D simulations of the CAPRICE ECRIS extraction system

ECR, experiment, plasma, extraction

131

M.A. Händler
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
A. Andreev, F. Maimone, G. Franchetti, J. Mäder, M. Galonska, R. Lang, R. Hollinger
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

The simulation of the ion extraction from the Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources (ECRISs) is necessary for the optimization and development of the performance of ion sources. Due to the magnetic field configuration of the ECRISs the calculations need to be performed in 3D. Therefore simulation programs based i.e. on C⁺⁺ libraries like IBSimu were developed. In this work a physical model was implemented in IBSimu generating detailed 3D simulations of ion extraction from a CAPRICE-type ECRIS. Simulations of multi-species Argon ion beam including Helium contribution as support gas extracted from CAPRICE are carried out. The study includes the effect of different space charge compensation degrees. Furthermore, ion beams extracted with different plasma electrode apertures were analyzed in terms of ion beam current, beam profile, beam size, divergence angle, and beam quality. In addition the simulation results were compared to experimental findings, i.e. ion beam intensities and beam profiles measured with viewing screens.

Poster TUP14 [5.264 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-TUP14

About •

Received ※ 20 December 2024 — Revised ※ 27 January 2025 — Accepted ※ 30 January 2025 — Issued ※ 17 April 2025

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THA3

Waveguide DC breaks with optimized impedance matching networks

GUI, ion-source, impedance, network

162

M.K. Covo, B. Ninemire, D.S. Todd, D.Z. Xie, J. Cruz Duran, J.Y. Benitez, J.P. Garcia, L. Phair, M.B. Johnson, P. Bloemhard
LBNL, Berkeley, CA, USA

A custom 18 GHz waveguide DC break with a built-in impedance matching network, consisting of two inductive irises adjacent to a capacitive gap assembled around a quartz disk, was built for VENUS and simulated using the ANSYS High Frequency Structure Simulator, a finite element analysis tool. The DC break effectively doubled the RF power available for plasma production at the secondary frequency of 18 GHz while maintaining a DC isolation of 32 kV. Measurements of the forward and reflected power coefficients, performed with a network analyzer, showed excellent agreement with the simulations [1]. Additionally, an extended study was conducted to tailor the frequencies of 28, 35, and 45 GHz using WR-34, WR-28, and WR-22 waveguides with built-in impedance matching networks, aiming to predict performance for our upcoming 4th generation low-power, multi-frequency operation of the MARS-D ion source.
[1] M. Kireeff Covo et al., “Inductive Iris Impedance Matching Network for a Compact Waveguide DC Break”, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, early access 2024. doi:10.1109/TMTT.2024.3409470.

Slides THA3 [1.702 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-THA3

About •

Received ※ 13 September 2024 — Revised ※ 09 October 2024 — Accepted ※ 30 January 2025 — Issued ※ 18 May 2025

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)