ECRIS2024 - List of Keywords (emittance)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOA3	Development towards intense uranium ion beam production of the RIKEN 28 GHz SC-ECRIS	extraction, ECR, ECRIS, ion-source	1
	G.Q. Saquilayan, J. Ohnishi, O. Kamigaito, T. Nagatomo, Y. Higurashi RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
	High intensity Uranium ²³⁸U³⁵⁺ ion beams are produced in the 28 GHz superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source (SC-ECRIS) and accelerated to high energies in the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory (RIBF) at RIKEN. We report the current progress of the SC-ECRIS. Intense beam operation of U³⁵⁺ was made possible through the development of high temperature ovens with optimized consumption rates of more than 10 mg/h and beam intensities reaching up to 250 eμA. With efforts toward realizing even higher beam intensities, it is now more important to optimize beam optics and minimize losses in the accelerator. This has stressed the study of emittance size and its growth factors. Measurement using a slit-collector type emittance monitor showed beam emittances that increase proportionally with the extraction current. For beam currents of 100 to 150 eμA, the beam emittances had minimal variation and remain at 0.15 π·mm·mrad for an extraction current of 5.5 mA. Differences between the normalized horizontal and vertical rms emittances were observed and horizontal emittances tend to be lower and less affected by beamline components. Using measured horizontal emittances coupled with a reference model calculation of space charge induced beam emittances, the ²³⁸U³⁵⁺ beam emittance ε₀ defined by the ion source was estimated. A systematic study using the calculated ε₀ to understand its correlation between the ECR parameters and magnetic field strength is currently ongoing.
	Slides MOA3 [1.637 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-MOA3
About •	Received ※ 15 September 2024 — Revised ※ 16 September 2024 — Accepted ※ 29 January 2025 — Issued ※ 01 March 2025
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOD2	Characterization of the ECR ion source LEGIS extraction system and its low energy beam transport line at Legnaro National Laboratories	LEBT, extraction, experiment, simulation	22
	G.R. Mascali INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy L. Bellan, C.S. Gallo, D. Martini, P. Francescon, M. Comunian, O. Carletto, A. Galatà INFN-LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy G.R. Mascali Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
	At INFN-Legnaro National Laboratories the heavy ions accelerator complex is fed with beams produced by a permanent magnet ECR source called LEGIS (LEGnaro ecrIS). Although suitable intensities and charge states to fulfil the requests of the users are normally guaranteed, the first part of the Low Energy Beam Transport line (LEBT) downstream of the ion source suffers from non-negligible losses and a lack of scalability when switching between ions with different mass-to-charge ratios, thus leading to a machine preparation time longer than would be desirable. These criticalities called for a deep characterization of the beam coming out from the ion source, especially in the case of high charge states heavy ions production, normally showing the lowest intensities. This contribution describes the numerical studies performed on the extraction system of the LEGIS source and its LEBT. The physics case used is a ²⁰⁸Pb³¹⁺ beam produced for a nuclear physics experiment in fall 2022. As will be shown, the results shed light on the reasons for the bad reproducibility and transmission, mostly due to aberrations induced on the extracted beam by the first optical elements.
	Slides MOD2 [7.465 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-MOD2
About •	Received ※ 04 October 2024 — Revised ※ 16 October 2024 — Accepted ※ 29 January 2025 — Issued ※ 15 June 2025
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOP03	ALISES II source is still alive at CEA Saclay	plasma, ion-source, proton, rfq	35
	O. Delferrière, A. Dubois, D. Uriot, J. Schwindling, O. Tuske, Y. Gauthier, Y. Sauce CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France F. Mezei Mirrotron Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
	Developments of ECR intense light ion sources is an important research axis of the Laboratory of Study and Development of Accelerator at CEA-Saclay. Starting from the SILHI proton source in the 90’s to inject the IPHI accelerator, several SILHI-type sources have been realized and installed for high intensity proton or deuteron accelerators for international projects like IFMIF, FAIR or SPIRAL2. From 2011, we started new R&D program on high intensity ECR compact ion sources with the ALISES source family. The results obtained with the first ALISES source prototype gave us the main goals for the design of ALISES II source that runs several months on our 50 kV test bench BETSI and was dismounted at the end of 2016 to upgrade the test bench to 100 kV. But this source was never reinstalled and has been replaced by the ALISES III sources that runs on BETSI up to now. Recently, ALISES II ion source and its equipment is reassembled to be restarted on BETSI for beam characterization before sending it to MIRROTRON factory in Hungary as injector of proton for neutron beam facility. This paper describes the setup on BETSI and proton beam characteristics obtained by emittance measurements, spatial species proportion analysis with Wien filter and current optimization. Installation at MIRROTRON factory is also reported.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-MOP03
About •	Received ※ 13 September 2024 — Revised ※ 16 September 2024 — Accepted ※ 29 January 2025 — Issued ※ 17 February 2025
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOP10	Light ions from the GTS-LHC ion source for future physics at CERN	operation, rfq, extraction, experiment	53
	D. Küchler, B.S. Bhaskar, G. Bellodi, M. Slupecki, R. Scrivens CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Starting from 2028, physics programmes using ions at CERN have requested lighter ions than the lead usually produced. The Working Group on Future Ions in the CERN Accelerator Complex has been mandated to assess the feasibility of the production and operation of these new ion species. The ion beam production from two of the chosen elements, krypton and magnesium, was studied in the GTS-LHC ion source, and the preliminary results of beam intensity, stability and emittance will be presented, as well as proposed modifications to improve performance.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-MOP10
About •	Received ※ 13 September 2024 — Revised ※ 17 September 2024 — Accepted ※ 29 January 2025 — Issued ※ 05 February 2025
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUP04	Tests of a low-energy pepperpot based on a micro-channel plate for high current protons sources 4D-emittance characterization	proton, electron, ion-source, MMI	94
	A. Thézé, B. Bolzon, A. Dubois, G. Ferrand, O. Tuske CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
	In the scope of high current protons sources characterization, the CEA is working on a 4D-emittancemeter based on the pepperpot technology. After some unsuccessful developments with phosphorous scintillators, we decided to test micro-channel plates (MCP) for measurements of proton beams at very low energy (typically between 50 and 100 keV). MCP are supposed to resist to proton beams at very low energy better than scintillators. This work presents some results for MCPs with an ALISES source on the BETSI test bench.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-TUP04
About •	Received ※ 10 September 2024 — Revised ※ 13 September 2024 — Accepted ※ 30 January 2025 — Issued ※ 23 February 2025
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUP11	Efficient injection of high-intensity light ions from an ECR ion source into an RFQ accelerator	LEBT, rfq, simulation, injection	120
	C. Zhang, E. Boos GSI, Darmstadt, Germany E. Boos, C. Zhang IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany C. Zhang HFHF, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	This study investigates an efficient injection of high-intensity light ions from an Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion source into a Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator. An often-adopted solution for the beam matching between an ion source and an RFQ is to apply two solenoids as a Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) section. There are also other solutions which skip the LEBT section and inject the ion-source output beam directly into an RFQ e.g. the so-called Direct Plasma Injection Scheme (DPIS). For this study, a compact electrostatic LEBT using an einzel lens as well as an efficient RFQ based on a special design method have been developed to achieve high transmission of a 60 mA proton beam. Additionally, the RFQ design has been also checked with the LEBT removed. The design and simulation results will be presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-TUP11
About •	Received ※ 15 September 2024 — Revised ※ 15 October 2024 — Accepted ※ 19 November 2024 — Issued ※ 19 March 2025
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOA3

Development towards intense uranium ion beam production of the RIKEN 28 GHz SC-ECRIS

extraction, ECR, ECRIS, ion-source

1

G.Q. Saquilayan, J. Ohnishi, O. Kamigaito, T. Nagatomo, Y. Higurashi
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan

High intensity Uranium ²³⁸U³⁵⁺ ion beams are produced in the 28 GHz superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source (SC-ECRIS) and accelerated to high energies in the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory (RIBF) at RIKEN. We report the current progress of the SC-ECRIS. Intense beam operation of U³⁵⁺ was made possible through the development of high temperature ovens with optimized consumption rates of more than 10 mg/h and beam intensities reaching up to 250 eμA. With efforts toward realizing even higher beam intensities, it is now more important to optimize beam optics and minimize losses in the accelerator. This has stressed the study of emittance size and its growth factors. Measurement using a slit-collector type emittance monitor showed beam emittances that increase proportionally with the extraction current. For beam currents of 100 to 150 eμA, the beam emittances had minimal variation and remain at 0.15 π·mm·mrad for an extraction current of 5.5 mA. Differences between the normalized horizontal and vertical rms emittances were observed and horizontal emittances tend to be lower and less affected by beamline components. Using measured horizontal emittances coupled with a reference model calculation of space charge induced beam emittances, the ²³⁸U³⁵⁺ beam emittance ε₀ defined by the ion source was estimated. A systematic study using the calculated ε₀ to understand its correlation between the ECR parameters and magnetic field strength is currently ongoing.

Slides MOA3 [1.637 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-MOA3

About •

Received ※ 15 September 2024 — Revised ※ 16 September 2024 — Accepted ※ 29 January 2025 — Issued ※ 01 March 2025

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOD2

Characterization of the ECR ion source LEGIS extraction system and its low energy beam transport line at Legnaro National Laboratories

LEBT, extraction, experiment, simulation

22

G.R. Mascali
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
L. Bellan, C.S. Gallo, D. Martini, P. Francescon, M. Comunian, O. Carletto, A. Galatà
INFN-LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
G.R. Mascali
Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

At INFN-Legnaro National Laboratories the heavy ions accelerator complex is fed with beams produced by a permanent magnet ECR source called LEGIS (LEGnaro ecrIS). Although suitable intensities and charge states to fulfil the requests of the users are normally guaranteed, the first part of the Low Energy Beam Transport line (LEBT) downstream of the ion source suffers from non-negligible losses and a lack of scalability when switching between ions with different mass-to-charge ratios, thus leading to a machine preparation time longer than would be desirable. These criticalities called for a deep characterization of the beam coming out from the ion source, especially in the case of high charge states heavy ions production, normally showing the lowest intensities. This contribution describes the numerical studies performed on the extraction system of the LEGIS source and its LEBT. The physics case used is a ²⁰⁸Pb³¹⁺ beam produced for a nuclear physics experiment in fall 2022. As will be shown, the results shed light on the reasons for the bad reproducibility and transmission, mostly due to aberrations induced on the extracted beam by the first optical elements.

Slides MOD2 [7.465 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-MOD2

About •

Received ※ 04 October 2024 — Revised ※ 16 October 2024 — Accepted ※ 29 January 2025 — Issued ※ 15 June 2025

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOP03

ALISES II source is still alive at CEA Saclay

plasma, ion-source, proton, rfq

35

O. Delferrière, A. Dubois, D. Uriot, J. Schwindling, O. Tuske, Y. Gauthier, Y. Sauce
CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
F. Mezei
Mirrotron Ltd., Budapest, Hungary

Developments of ECR intense light ion sources is an important research axis of the Laboratory of Study and Development of Accelerator at CEA-Saclay. Starting from the SILHI proton source in the 90’s to inject the IPHI accelerator, several SILHI-type sources have been realized and installed for high intensity proton or deuteron accelerators for international projects like IFMIF, FAIR or SPIRAL2. From 2011, we started new R&D program on high intensity ECR compact ion sources with the ALISES source family. The results obtained with the first ALISES source prototype gave us the main goals for the design of ALISES II source that runs several months on our 50 kV test bench BETSI and was dismounted at the end of 2016 to upgrade the test bench to 100 kV. But this source was never reinstalled and has been replaced by the ALISES III sources that runs on BETSI up to now. Recently, ALISES II ion source and its equipment is reassembled to be restarted on BETSI for beam characterization before sending it to MIRROTRON factory in Hungary as injector of proton for neutron beam facility. This paper describes the setup on BETSI and proton beam characteristics obtained by emittance measurements, spatial species proportion analysis with Wien filter and current optimization. Installation at MIRROTRON factory is also reported.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-MOP03

About •

Received ※ 13 September 2024 — Revised ※ 16 September 2024 — Accepted ※ 29 January 2025 — Issued ※ 17 February 2025

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOP10

Light ions from the GTS-LHC ion source for future physics at CERN

operation, rfq, extraction, experiment

53

D. Küchler, B.S. Bhaskar, G. Bellodi, M. Slupecki, R. Scrivens
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Starting from 2028, physics programmes using ions at CERN have requested lighter ions than the lead usually produced. The Working Group on Future Ions in the CERN Accelerator Complex has been mandated to assess the feasibility of the production and operation of these new ion species. The ion beam production from two of the chosen elements, krypton and magnesium, was studied in the GTS-LHC ion source, and the preliminary results of beam intensity, stability and emittance will be presented, as well as proposed modifications to improve performance.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-MOP10

About •

Received ※ 13 September 2024 — Revised ※ 17 September 2024 — Accepted ※ 29 January 2025 — Issued ※ 05 February 2025

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUP04

Tests of a low-energy pepperpot based on a micro-channel plate for high current protons sources 4D-emittance characterization

proton, electron, ion-source, MMI

94

A. Thézé, B. Bolzon, A. Dubois, G. Ferrand, O. Tuske
CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

In the scope of high current protons sources characterization, the CEA is working on a 4D-emittancemeter based on the pepperpot technology. After some unsuccessful developments with phosphorous scintillators, we decided to test micro-channel plates (MCP) for measurements of proton beams at very low energy (typically between 50 and 100 keV). MCP are supposed to resist to proton beams at very low energy better than scintillators. This work presents some results for MCPs with an ALISES source on the BETSI test bench.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-TUP04

About •

Received ※ 10 September 2024 — Revised ※ 13 September 2024 — Accepted ※ 30 January 2025 — Issued ※ 23 February 2025

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUP11

Efficient injection of high-intensity light ions from an ECR ion source into an RFQ accelerator

LEBT, rfq, simulation, injection

120

C. Zhang, E. Boos
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
E. Boos, C. Zhang
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
C. Zhang
HFHF, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

This study investigates an efficient injection of high-intensity light ions from an Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion source into a Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator. An often-adopted solution for the beam matching between an ion source and an RFQ is to apply two solenoids as a Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) section. There are also other solutions which skip the LEBT section and inject the ion-source output beam directly into an RFQ e.g. the so-called Direct Plasma Injection Scheme (DPIS). For this study, a compact electrostatic LEBT using an einzel lens as well as an efficient RFQ based on a special design method have been developed to achieve high transmission of a 60 mA proton beam. Additionally, the RFQ design has been also checked with the LEBT removed. The design and simulation results will be presented.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-TUP11

About •

Received ※ 15 September 2024 — Revised ※ 15 October 2024 — Accepted ※ 19 November 2024 — Issued ※ 19 March 2025

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)